初中英语语法-形容词
九年级英语复习专辑（6）---形容词
一． 形容词的概念
形容词是用来修饰或限制名词(或不定代词或疑问代词或疑问副词),说明人或事物的性质、特征、状态或属性的词.
二 形容词的位置和用法.
形容词在句中主要作定语、表语、宾语补足语. 有时还可作主语,宾语和状语.
(一). 作定语.修饰或限制名词或不定代词或疑问代词 或疑问副词.
a. 前置定语.形容词修饰或限制名词, 一般放在它所修饰或限制的名词之前.
One New Year’s Day, we put on our new clothes
▲提示: 有的形容词只能作定语(不能作表语), 如little(小的), only(唯一的), wooden(木质的), woolen(羊毛质的), elder(年长的). 如
My elder brother is in Beijing.(正) My brother is elder. (误)
b. 后置定语
1. 形容词修饰或限制不定代词(something, anything, nothing, everything), 常放在不定代词之后.
I have something important to tell you.
I don’t want anything else.
2. else修饰或限制疑问代词(who, whom, what等)或疑问副词时通常放在疑问代词或疑问副词之后。
What else do you want? Where else are you going to visit?
※enough作定语修饰或限制名词时, 既可放在名词之前也可放在名词之后。
Pandas will have enough food to eat.=Pandas will have food enough to eat.
(二). 作表语.放在连系动词之后. 常见的连系动词有四种.
a. be动词.
Planes will be very large. Running is tiring.
b. 感官连系动词: feel(摸起来), look/seem (看起来), smell(闻起来), sound (听起来), taste (尝起来). Cotton feels soft.
c. 变化连系动词: become, get, go, grow, turn. 都译作 “变得 成为”.
The fish went bad. Trees turn green when spring comes.
d. 持续连系动词keep, stay (都译作保持).
Please keep silent. Mr Jackson stayed cool.
▲提示有的形容词只能作表语(不能作定语) 特别是以a-开头的形容词 如 afraid害怕, alone 独自的, asleep睡着的, awake醒着的 alive活着的(有时可
作后置定语), well健康的, ill病的, frightened害怕的. 如
The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(误)
(三). 作宾语补足语常放在宾语的后面用来补充说明宾语的性质, 特征或状态。We paint doors and windows red.
His waltses made him famous all over Europe.
What made you so interested in music?
(四). 作主语或宾语.
(1). 形容词前加定冠词the, 表示某一类人或物. 在句中作主语或宾语, 作主语时, 谓语动词要用复数. 如the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the blind等.
The rich should help the poor.
(2). 表示国家和民族的形容词前加上定冠词the 表示这个民族的整体. 在中
作主语或宾语, 作主语时, 谓语动词要用复数, 如: the British the English the French the Chinese等.
The English have the sense of humor.
(五). 作状语, 表示原因、结果或伴随状况等。
The old man is lying on the street, cold and hungry.
三、使用形容词的几个常用句型.
1. “It is + adj. + to do sth(不定式), 表示 做某事是怎样的。
It is difficult to see and hear at the back.
▲提示 其中It叫形式主语 不定式叫真实主语 翻译时先译不定式, 这样做是为了避免句子显得头重脚轻.
2. “It is + adj. + for sb to do sth. 表示 对某人来说做某事是怎样的例
It is more difficult for old people to learn English.
▲提示
a. 与上面的提示相同.
b. 这一句型中常用的形容词有dangerous (危险的), difficult (困难的), easy (容易的), hard (艰难的), important (重要的), impossible (不可能的), interesting (有趣的), necessary(必要的), pleasant(舒适的), safe(安全的), useful(有益/用的)等, 如 It is important for Liu Sanzi to work on his father’s farm.
It’s very necessary for students to listen to teachers carefully.
3.It is + adj + of sb. 某人是怎样的。
It is very brave of her.
4. It is + adj + of sb to do sth.某人做某事是怎样的
It’s very kind of you to help me.
▲提示 这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词, 如careful(细心的), careless(粗心的), clever(聪明的), foolish(愚蠢的), good(好的), kind(友善的), lazy(懒惰的), nice(友好的), polite(有礼貌的), right(正确的), wrong(错误的)等.
5. 形容词+不定式
a. 表示感情或情绪的形容词后面常接不定式.这样的形容词有 glad(高兴的), pleased(高兴的), sad(忧伤的), thankful(感激的)等, 如:
Glad to see you. I’m very sad to hear the bad news.
b. 表示能力和意志的形容词 如able(有能力的), certain(一定), ready(乐意的 有准备的) sure(一定)等常接不定式。如:
He is able to swim. Lei Feng is always ready to help others.
He is sure to get to school on time.
四. 形容词的三级。
(一). 三级变化.
大部分形容词有三级变化, 即 原级 比较级(意为 “更加/比较…. 的”) 最高级(意为 “最….的”). 变化分规则变化和不规则变化。
(A). 规则变化
1. 单音节和少数双音节形容词(多半是没加前缀或后缀的形容词)的规则变化. (1). 一般在形容词词尾直接加er构成比较级, 直接加est构成最高级 如:
tall→taller→tallest long→longer→longest, short→shortest
(2) . 以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词 只需加r构成比较级, 加st构成最
高级。如: nice→nicer→nicest, fine→finer→finest, large→larger→largest (3). 以辅—元—辅结尾的重读闭音节形容词 先双写这个辅音字母 再加
er构成比较级 加est构成最高级 如
big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest, red→redder→reddest
(4). 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词 先把y变为i 再加er构成比较级, 加
est构成最高级 如: busy→buier→busiest, easy→easier→easiest.
2. 部分双音节形容词(多半是加了前缀或后缀的形容词)和多音节形容词在原级前加more构成比较级, 在原级前加most构成最高级 如:
tiring→more tiring→most tiring, relaxing→more relaxing→most relaxing,
※1. old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest. 其中elder, eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的大小关系, 且不能用于含有than的句子中.
My elder brother is an engineer. Mary is the eldest of three sisters.
2. far 有两种比较级 farther/further. 在英国英语中两者都可指距离. 但在美国英语中 father 表示距离 further表示“进一步的”.
I have nothing further to say. futther study.
(二) 三级标志
1 句子使用原级的两大标志
a. 当句中含有as (so)…as…时句子一般使用原级. (肯定句中只能用as, 而否定句中可用so或as)
Tom is as old as Kate. Tom is twice as old as Kate.
His English is as good as yours. This room is not as/so big as that one.
b. 当形容词前含有quite, so, too, very等副词时句子一般用原级
2.句子使用比较级的三大标志
当句中含有than一词时, 句子一般使用比较级, 构成形式为: “形容词比较级+than…. ”, 意为:“比…更加……”.
He is taller than his brother.
There are more students in Class One than in Class Two.
b. 当句中含有…. A or B? 时句子一般使用比较级。
Which is better, the red one or the green one?
c. 当句中含有of the two (+n) 时 句子一般使用比较级。
He is the younger of the two students.
3. 句子使用最高级的四大标志
a. 当句中含有表示范围的介词in….时句子一般使用最高级。要注意如果句中有than一词那么即使句中有in……, 句子仍然必须用比较级。
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
b. 当句中含有表示范围的介词of …时句子一般使用最高级。
He is the tallest of the three.
c. 当句中含有one of the……时句子一般使用最高级。one of the + 形容词最高级+ 复数名词, 表示"最……的……之一"。
The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.
d. 当句中含有…, A B or C ? 时 句子一般使用最高级。
Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or moon?
三．语法练习
1.Bob is _________ ( young ) than Fred but ___________ (tall) than Fred.
2.Yingtian is not as ___________ (tall) as Yongxian.
3.Almost all.the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks ______
(fat) than before the holidays.
4.Which is _________ (heavy),a hen or a chicken?
5.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally?
-- She' s 1.55 metres ________ (tall). What abodt Xiaoling?
-- She' s only 1.40 metres ________ (tall).
--She is much _______ (short) than Sally.
--She is also the _______ (short) girl in theclass.
6.He is ______ (bad) at learning maths.
He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _________ (bad)
at English.
7. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.
8.He is one of the_________(friendly) people in the class, I think.
9. A dictionary is much _________ (expensive) than a story-book.
10. An orange ia a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.
11. The Changjiang River is the _______ (long) river in China.
12. Sue is a little ________ (beautiful) than her sister.
13.My room is not as _________ (big) as my brother' s.
四．体验中考
1. We all like Lucy as she is always thinking ______of others than herself.
A. Less
B. Much more
C. Much
D. Better
2. Mr. Wang is very friendly to us, he is ______of all the persons i know.
A. patient
B. Less patient
C. More patient
D. The most patient
3. --- why didn’t you cry for help when you were robbed?
---if i opened my mouth, they might find my gold teeth,that would be ___!
A.bad
B. Much worse
C. worst
D. The worst
4.Of all the drinks,tea is ____in the world. It has 5,000 years history in china.
A. older
B. The oldest
C.old
D.very old
5. If overweight people eat less and take more exercise,they will soon feel much____ .
A. fatter
B. older
C. bigger
D. healthier
初中英语语法八大时态总结
初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他
初中英语语法之形容词、副词
2013年实验中学初三英语复习学案 萧东来2013-04 初中英语语法之形容词、副词 形容词： 一、形容词的一般用法 1.作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。 例如，It’s a cold and windy day. 2.作表语，放在系动词的后面。 例如，He looks happy today. 3.形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything 等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。 例如，Would you like something hot to drink？ 4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。 例如，How long is the river？It’s about two hundred kilometers long. 5.只能作表语的形容词：afraid 害怕；alone 独自的；asleep 睡着的；awake 醒着的；alive 活着的；well 健康的；ill 病的；frightened 害怕的 例如，The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(误) 6.只能作定语的形容词：little 小的；only 唯一的；wooden 木质的；woolen 羊毛质的；elder 年长的 例如，My elder brother is in Beijing. (正) My brother is elder. (误) 7.貌似副词的形容词：lonely 独自的；friendly 友好的；lively 生动的；lovely 可爱的 8.复合形容词：snow-white 雪白的English-speaking 说英语的；full-time 全日制的；well-known 众所周知的；kind-hearted 善良的；man-made 人造的；take-away 可以带走的；ten-year-old 十岁的。 二、多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词) ——描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧，长幼，颜色)——出处——材料性质——类别——名词(此项不要求掌握) A small round table 一张小圆桌 A tall white building 一幢高大的白色建筑物 A dirty old black shirt 一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣 A famous American medical school 一个非常著名的美国医学院 三、形容词常用句型 1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，good(好的)，如kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。 例如，It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我，真好。 It’s very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话，真 粗鲁。 It’s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。 2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。 例如It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language. (=To learn a foreign language is no t easy for them.) 对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。 It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully. (=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.) 对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。 It’s necessary for us to get to school on time . (=To get to school on time is necessary for us.) 对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。 3. 表示感情或情绪的形容词，glad(高兴的)，如pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)， thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。 例如，Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。 I’m very sorry to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。 4. 表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)， 等常接不定式。 例如，He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于助人。 四、一些形容词的用法辨析： ⑴whole 与all：记住两个词序：①the whole + 名词；②all (of) the + 名词。 如：He was busy the whole morning.( 整个早晨他都很忙) He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词) ⑵tall 与high, short 与low ： 指人的个子时用tall 与short；指其他事物时一般用high 与low。 如：He’s very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木)
初中英语语法——动词的时态
动词的时态 一、考点解读 今天我们复习动词的时态，英语的时态是同学们学习英语的难点，在各地的中考题目中许多题型都会有对于动词时态的考查。出现较多的是在单选，完形填空，及其在第二卷中出现的根据汉语意思填词的题目，还包括翻译句子，书面表达。可以说中考题目中大部分都会涉及到动词的时态。既是难点也是重点。在今天的专题中我们复习初中阶段需要掌握的八个时态。 1．一般现在时 2．现在进行时 3．一般过去时 4．过去进行时 5．一般将来时 6．过去将来时 7．现在完成时 8．过去完成时 二、专题梳理 初中阶段所学的英语的时态有8种。英语的时态有很强的表达能力，能使句子的意思明确，能显示细微的差异，能使句子生动逼真。但它们不是相当灵活，在不同的时间中，要用不同的形式，这是与中文大不相同的地方。 1．一般现在时：一般现在时是描述经常性、反复性的动作、性质或状态的时态。 （1）一般现在时的时间状语通常有： ①often ②usually ③always
④seldom ⑤sometimes ⑥every＋时间 ⑦次数＋时间 ⑧on＋时间 ⑨in＋时间 ⑩没有时间，但表示客观存在的事实 （2）一般现在时动词的形式主要用动词原形表示，但如果主语是单数第三人称时，则在动词后加s或es，变成否定句和疑问句时，又将s、es去掉，还为原形。 ①be动词的一般现在时的构成 否定式和疑问否定式如下表所示： ②其他实义动词的一般现在时的构成
其他实义动词一般现在时的构成如下 表所示（以动词work为例） 特别提示： have(has)在表示“有”时，否定形式为haven’t(hasn’t)或have not(has not)，变为疑问句时可直接把have(has)放在句首也可借助于助动词do(does)。当不表示“有”的意思时，其否定句和疑问句只能加助动词do(does)构成。 e.g.Has she any experience in teaching piano lessons？(√) Does she have any experience in teaching piano lessons？(√) 她有教钢琴的经验吗？ Had you a good time going hiking yesterday？(×) Did you have a good time going hiking yesterday？(√) 你昨天徒步旅行玩得开心吗？
中考初中英语语法八大时态总结(附答案)
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初中英语语法形容词、副词精华版
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一、选择题 1．A walk every day is enough to keep you healthy and in good shape． A．30-minute B．30-minutes C．30 minute's D．30-minutes' 2．一Lucy, do you have any plans to spend your five-day holiday? 一I will go to Xiamen a second time. I have never visited city A．a most fantastic B．the most fantastic C．a more fantastic D．the more fantastic 3．一Do you think the weather will be all right for a weekend outing? 一No, unless we're . The newspaper says it'll be very hot anyway. A．lucky B．confident C．wrong D．crazy 4．The population of China is ___________ than that of Russia. And this makes the traffic in China ___________. A．much larger, more crowded B．much more, more crowdedly C．much larger, more crowdedly D．much more, more crowded 5．— How do you come to school every day, by bus or by bike? —By bus. It’s much __________ than by bike. A．fast B．faster C．fastest D．the fastest 6．We are covering these ____________ girls’ wonderful performances ______ . A．lively; live B．lively; alive C．alive; live D．alive; living 7．I'm surprised that Jenny is 42. I thought she was , for she seems to be in her thirties. A．younger B．older C．young D．old 8．- I’m very tired these days because of this exam. - Why not listen to music? It can make you ______. A．relaxed B．sad C．scared D．bored 9．It is said that e-schoolbags are going to be brought into use in Chinese middle schools soon. In fact. It is a small computer that is __________ than a usual schoolbag but holds all the things for study, such as a _________，an exercise book and so on． A．much smaller, testbook B．even smaller, textbook C．far smaller, comic book 10．—Good news! We will have a ________ holiday. —I’ve heard of it. But it’s coming in ________. A．three days; three days’ time B．three days’; three days’ C．three-day; three days D．three days; three-day time 11．Some students are so . They often make mistakes in their homework. A．careful B．serious C．careless D．successful
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一、一般现在时： 1. .概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2．用法 1）.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 2）.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态 3）.表示客观事实和普遍真理。 4）.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。 5）表示预先计划或安排好的行为。 6）表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 一般现在时常与下列时间状语连用：always, usually, often, s ometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 3.基本结构：动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加- (e)s ） It seldom snows here. 4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时： 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 .基本结构： be动词（was/ were）；行为动词的过去式；情态动词的过去式+动词原形 否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
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(对) Her singing was lovely. (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2)有些以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 3用形容词表示类别和整体 1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungryThe poor are losing hope. 2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 4多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school
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(完整word版)最全初中英语语法之-形容词副词教案(已打印两份)
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初中英语语法之形容词
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