动词不定式
动词不定式
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. It is important for modern young people _______ to learn (learn) at least two foreign languages. 2. The most important thing for one’s have (have) plenty of exercise. health is to ______ 3. Ted decided _______ to work (work) hard and wanted _____ to go (go) to Beijing University. to get (get) 4. We found it impossible _____ everything ready in time. 5. Sue really doesn’t know which book ________ to choose (choose).
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. hand sb. sth. = hand sth. to sb. send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. leave sb. sth. = leave sth. to sb. teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. read sb. sth. = read sth. for sb.
动词不定式
动词不定式动词不定式的形式是“to+动词原形”，但有时省略to。
其否定形式在to前加not,即“not to+动词原形”。
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。
1、动词不定式的常见用法⑴动词不定式作宾语其后常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词（词组）有：want,hope,begin,learn,try,decide,forget,remember,like,love,expect,agree,refuse,wish,plan,afford,choose,wouldlike,need,start等。
注意：有的及物动词要未跟复合宾语（即宾语+宾语补足语），如果其中的宾语是动词不定式短语，则必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，而将动词不定式短语（真正的宾语）放在宾语补足语之后。
例：I find it useful <to learn English well>.我发现学好英语很有用。
⑵动词不定式作宾语补足语其后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,tell,want, expect,like,wish,would like等。
例：He asked me to talk about English study.他要求我谈谈有关英语学习的事。
⑶动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时可放在后面，而用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
例：It’s necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者。
⑷动词不定式作定语要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。
I have nothing to say on this question.在这个总是上我没什么要说的。
⑸动词不定式作状语动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中用作状语。
①放在句首或句尾表示目的等。
例：To catch the train,he got up early.= he got up early to catch the train.为了赶火车，他早早地起了床。
动词不定式
动词不定式特征：动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。
结构：动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；否定形式是not to＋do。
1．作主语可以直接作主语。
如：To see is to believe．眼见为实。
但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。
如：It's wrong to play tricks on other people．规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj．（形容词）＋to do sth．句型中，it仅作形式主语。
真正的主语为动词不定式。
2．作宾语1）want，decide ，agree，would like等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。
如：We agreed/wanted/decided/would like to start early2)love，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer等词后可加to do 或者doing。
提示板：like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。
如：I like swimming，but I don't like to swim now．我喜游泳，但现在不想游。
3）stop，forget，remember，go on ，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式或者ING。
但是意思区别很大。
如：stop to do sth．：停止一件事，去做另一件事。
stop doing sth．：停止正在做的事。
Forget/remember to do sth: 忘记/记得去做某事Forget /remember doing sth:忘记、记得做过某事。
go on to do sth: 接着做另外一件事Go on doing sth: 接着做同一件事情Try to do sth:努力去做某事Try doing sth:尝试做某事3．作宾语补足语1)tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help 等词后面常接不定式作宾补。
动词不定式的形式和用法
动词不定式的形式和用法动词不定式是英语中一种特殊的动词形式，它有自己的形式和用法。
本文将详细介绍动词不定式的形式和用法。
一、动词不定式的形式1. 基本形式：动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”，比如：“to go”、“to eat”等。
动词不定式的基本形式没有时态和人称的变化。
2. 完成形式：动词不定式的完成形式是“to have + 动词过去分词”，例如：“to have gone”、“to have eaten”等。
动词不定式的完成形式表示在动词不定式动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。
3. 被动形式：动词不定式的被动形式是“to be + 动词过去分词”，例如：“to be gone”、“to be eaten”等。
动词不定式的被动形式表示动作的接受者是动作的执行者。
二、动词不定式的用法1. 作主语：动词不定式可以作为句子的主语，例如：“To learn English is important for students.”（学习英语对学生来说很重要）。
2. 作宾语：动词不定式可以作及物动词或介词的宾语，例如：“I want to go to the cinema.”（我想去电影院）。
“She is good at playing the piano.”（她擅长弹钢琴）。
3. 作表语：动词不定式可以作系动词的表语，例如：“Her dream isto become a doctor.”（她的梦想是成为一名医生）。
4. 作补语：动词不定式可以作及物动词的宾补，表示动作的目的或结果，例如：“She made a decision to study abroad.”（她决定出国留学）。
5. 作定语：动词不定式可以修饰名词，表示名词的用途、用法等，例如：“a book to read”（一本可以阅读的书）。
6. 作状语：动词不定式可以作句子的状语，表示目的、原因、结果等，例如：“I study hard to pass the exam.”（我努力学习为了通过考试）。
动词不定式
C-不定式的概念、作用语法梳理不定式一、概念：在语法中，动词不定式是指动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。
形式为：to+动词原形+其他。
之所以被叫做不定式，是因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词形变化所局限。
不定式属于非谓语动词。
不定式的时态有：一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。
二、不定式的作用1、作主语。
不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。
往往用it作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。
如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。
试比较：It is to negate(取消，否定）my own idea to believe him.（错）To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对）（3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用for.2、作宾语（1）动词+不定式。
如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）（2）动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。
如：I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.I can’t decide when to go there.注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。
动词不定式
动词不定式&双宾语一、动词不定式1.动词不定式作宾语：动词+to do(带to不定式)动词不定式置于谓语动词之后，作动词的宾语，表明意图、希望或决定的内容。
常见的动词有：plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like, love, ask, start, remember，learn, happen等。
如：I hope to see the film this weekend.They decided to visit the Great Wall next year.2.动词不定式作宾语补足语：（1）.宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的。
表示宾语的状态、特征、身份等。
可接动词不定式作宾补的有:ask, tell, allow, help, would like, expect, warn等。
如：The WWF chose the panda to be its symbol.I ask my mother to help me.（2）.使役动词：let, make等后面接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。
如：He makes everyone laugh.（3）.感官动词：see, hear, notice, watch, listen to等后面接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。
如：I hear her sing this song.3.动词不定式的否定式：not to do sth./ not do sth.如：She tells me not to touch anything.4.动词不定式作目的状语:表示“做某事是为了什么”。
此时，不定式既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。
如：I revised my lessons carefully to get good marks in the test.= To get good marks, I revised my lessons carefully.为了在考试中取得好成绩，我认真地复习功课。
动词不定式
动词不定式动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。
（一）、动词不定式的形式变化：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。
语态式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主动to build to have built to be building to have been building被动to be build to have beenbuild（三）动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting.（3）进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.（二）、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：1. 作主语：表示具体的某次动作To complete the 30 storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.当主语较长谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语It 做形式主语，不定时放在位于之后常用于下列结构中（1）it is + adj.(easy, important, difficult, necessary)+of/for sb.+to doIt is not easy for you to catch fish with your hands only.It is very kind of you to help me with the work.其中for本身无意义。
动词不定式
动词不定式动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。
不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。
一、用作主语：直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。
动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。
如：1.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge..二、用作表语动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。
如：1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club. (p.7)如果主语部分含实义动词do，且作表语的动词又是“do”的内容，这时表语不定式的“to”可以省略。
如：All I did was wait here. 我能做的就是在这里等。
三、用作宾语1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。
如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. (p.88)2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...，介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。
动词不定式 动词不定式的五种用法
动词不定式动词不定式的五种用法下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
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动词不定式的四种形式
动词不定式的四种形式一、以动词不定式作为主语动词不定式作为主语时，常常用来表达一种抽象的行为或概念。
例如：To learn is to grow.学习即是成长。
To forgive is to set yourself free.宽恕即是释放自己。
To love is to be vulnerable.爱即是脆弱。
动词不定式作为主语时，通常放在句首，后面跟着动词或名词作谓语或补语。
二、以动词不定式作为宾语动词不定式作为宾语时，常常跟在某些动词后面，表示动作的目的或意图。
例如：I want to go shopping.我想去购物。
She decided to study abroad.她决定出国留学。
The teacher asked the students to finish their homework.老师要求学生们完成作业。
动词不定式作为宾语时，通常放在动词后面，形成动词短语。
三、以动词不定式作为定语动词不定式作为定语时，常常修饰名词或代词，用来说明该名词或代词的用途、目的或特征。
例如：I have a book to read.我有一本书要读。
She needs a pen to write with.她需要一支笔来写字。
This is a place to relax.这是一个放松的地方。
动词不定式作为定语时，通常放在名词或代词后面，形成定语短语。
四、以动词不定式作为状语动词不定式作为状语时，常常用来说明动作的目的、原因、结果等。
例如：He went to the store to buy some groceries.他去商店买了些杂货。
She stayed up late to finish her project.她熬夜完成了她的项目。
They worked hard to achieve their goals.他们努力工作以实现自己的目标。
动词不定式作为状语时，通常放在句子中，用来修饰整个句子或句子中的谓语动词。
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不定式Infinitive1. 不定式有何特征:e.g. To learn English well is easy.He likes to read novels.To see is to believe.to 是不定式的注册商标2. 是不是“不定式”一定有to:e.g. I saw him come.Let me go.It may rain tomorrow.感官动词(see, hea r, feel…)，使役动词(make, let, have) 和助动词(shall, will, may…)接不带to 的不定式。
3. 不定式在英语中的作用⏹作名词To climb the mountain is very difficult.I want to know about the mountain.My wish is to conquer the mountain.⏹作形容词I want some water to drink.⏹作副词He stopped to have a restI am glad to see you.It was too cold to swim.一、不定式的用法1. 名词用法：(1)作主语e.g. To know oneself is difficult.To get up early makes us healthy.e.g. It is difficult for him to do so.It is impossible for him to give up smoking.It is very kind of you to help me.It is foolish of them to make such a mistake.注：for是与事物有关的非人称形容词(possible/impossible/important/necessary/essential/convenient/difficult/hard/easy/useless)of 是与人有关的“赞美”或“批评”的形容词(nice/kind/wise/good/polite/right/clever…bad/wrong/cruel/stupid/foolish/impolite…)(2) 作宾语e.g. I like to go.I want to see him.He intends to try it.注：不定式作及物动词的宾语时，该及物动词通常是表示“意愿”、“企图”等动词。
常用的有以下几个：want/like/hope/wish/desire/expect/plan/decide/try/manage…e.g. I want her to do the difficult work.They allowed me to fish here.I told you not to do it.注：用于此句型有表示“命令”、“忠告”的动词：want/wish/like/ask/tell/teach/advise/beg/allow/expect/order…what to do.e.g. I don’t know which to buy.whom to elect.I don’t remember when to begin.He taught me how to speak English well.Please tell me where to go next.注：1. 疑问词+ to V = 名词短语, 因含有名词的性质，所以可以作主语、宾语或表语，如：Sam is learning how to drive a car.When to turn the corner is a difficult problem.Another problem is where to stop the car.2. 这种疑问词+ to V 的结构有时可替代名词从句，如：I don’t know what to say. (= I don’t know what should I say.)Our trouble is how to solve the problem.(= Our trouble is how we should solve the problem.)3. 试比较：I don’t know what to do.I don’t know how to do it.4. 请注意“whether to V” 的用法：I don’t know whether to go or (to) stay.I don’t know whether to go or not.5. 没有why to do it 的说法e.g. I think it better not to go.If you study hard, you will find it easy to learn English.I make it a rule to get up early.We consider it our duty to observe the laws.注：句中it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的to V, 用于此种句型的动词有：find/think/believe/consider/make/take/regard(3) 作补语主语补语：To see is to believe.His wish is to become a scientist.宾语补语：They think him to be honest.I expect him to be a doctor.2. 形容词用法：e.g. This is the best way to cure a headache.I have no pen to write with.注：作形容词用的不定式，若所修饰的词为其宾语时，应注意是否要加适当的介词，如：They had no house to live in.Give him a chair to sit on.不定式接在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等形容词之后，可以表示这些情感的原因，这种不定式可用that从句替换：快乐、欢喜：happy/lucky/glad/pleased/delighted…悲伤、失望：sa d/sorry/disappointed…惊讶、震惊：surprised/shocked/frightened…兴奋、渴望：excited/eager/anxious…羞耻、害怕：ashamed/afraid…e.g. He was lucky to win the election.(=He was lucky that he won the election.)She is afraid to miss her train.(=She is afraid that she may miss her train. )3 副词用法(1) 表示目的：e.g.I come to see her.= I come in order to see her.= I come in order that I may see her.= I come for the purpose of seeing her.e.g. I opened the window (in order) to let some fresh air in.= (In order) to let some fresh air in, I opened the window.句型二not to/in order not to/so as not to + Ve.g. He went away not to see me.= He went away in order not to see me.= He went away in order that he might not see me.= He went away lest he should see me.(2) 表示结果句型一so + Adj/adv += Adj/adv + enough to + Ve.g. He studied so hard as to pass the exam.= He studied so hard that he could pass the exam.= He studied hard enough to pass the exam.句型二too + Adj/adv + to V= so + Adj/adv + that + S + cannot + V= not + Adj/adv + enough to + Ve.g. You are too young to learn to drive.= You are so young that you can’t learn to drive.= You are not old enough to learn to drive.二、省略to的不定式1. 感官动词句型see/watch/look at V(主动:事实的发现hear/listen to ＋宾语＋V-ing : 动作的进行)feel/notice p.p. (被动)e.g. I saw him swim yesterday.I can hear the girl singing in the next room.I heard my name called.2. 使役动词句型have + 宾语+ V(cf. have+宾语+p.p.)make + 宾语+ V (cf. make+宾语+p.p.)let + 宾语+ Ve.g. I will have him come over. 我会叫他来。
cf. I had my bicycle fixed.He made me tell the truth. 他叫我说实话。
cf. His honesty makes him respected.They let the prisoner escape.注：He was made to go alone.Please help me (to) move the table.3. 惯用语⏹had better⏹would rather (=had rather)⏹do nothing but (只是)/cannot but (不得不)⏹may/might as well⏹All (A) have to do is (to) Ve.g. You had better not go there.I would rather die than do it.He does nothing but play all day.I cannot but laugh.You may as well know the truth.All I have to do is (to) take a rest.注：有时省略to后面的动词部分，是要避免动词重复出现，但要保留符号to (以表示该处原来有一个不定式结构)，如：e.g. I asked him to go to the movies, but he didn't want to (go to the moves.)He wanted to help us but he was not able to (help us).--Will you visit New York some day?--I’d like to (visit New York som e day).三、不定式的时态句型S + V + to V 表示同时发生to have p.p. 表示发生在先e.g. He seems to be ill.=It seems that he is ill.He seems to have been ill.=It seems that he was ill.The train is supposed to have arrived an hour ago.四、不定式的语态句型to V 表主动to be + p.p. 表被动e.g. He likes to speak ill of others.Nobody likes to be spoken ill of.To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness on earth.五、独立不定式⏹to sum up (to conclude)⏹to be sure⏹to be brief⏹to begin with⏹to tell the truth⏹to make matters worse (what is worse)⏹to be frank (with you)⏹strange to say⏹sad to say⏹so to speak （所谓）(as it were)⏹not to mention⏹to one’s joy/delight/pleasure⏹to one’s sorrow/grief⏹to one’s regret⏹to one’s relief⏹to one’s disappointment⏹to one’s embarrassment⏹to one’s surprise/shock/amazement/astonishmente.g. To tell the truth, I don’t like him.He is, so to speak, a walking dictionary.Much to everyone’s surprise, he won the first prize.。