高中英语语法 形容词副词

形容词及副词

一、形容词

1.(1)作定语It’s a beautiful day today.

注意：形容词修饰something, anything, nothing等复合不定代词时要后置。

I have something important to tell you.

以a-开头的表状态的形容词（afraid, alone, awake, asleep, alive, alike, ashamed, unable, worth）要后置。He was the only man awake at that time.

2).作表语Don’t feel sad. Tasting good, this kind of cake sells well.

3).作宾补We must keep our classroom clean.

4).作状语The boy went to school, cold and hungry.

2.以ly结尾的形容词friendly lovely lively silly fatherly motherly weekly daily monthly yearly deadly lonely manly timely likely

3表倍数的几种句式

1)……倍数+as+形容词原级+as…..

2)……倍数+比较级+than …………

3)……倍数+the+名词（size/length / width / height /depth）+ of …

4) The +名词+ be + ….倍数+ what从句

5) The +名词+ be + ….倍数+ that/ those of ….

Asia is four times as large as Europe.= Asia is four times larger than Europe.= Asia is four times the size of Europe.

The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.

The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.

4 形容词+ly变副词的规则

1）一般情况加-ly. quick---quickly brave---bravely immediate---immediately

2) 以“y”结尾的，且读音为/ i /，先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”，如：happy-happily; heavy-heavily; angry-angrily; busy-busily easy---easily但是如果读音为/ ai /，直接加ly，如：dry-dryly; shy---shyly

3) 以le结尾，去e 加y: simple---simply gentle---gently comfortable---comfortably possible ---possibly probable ---probably terrible---terribly considerable-considerably incredible-incredibly但是whole-wholly例外。

4) 元音字母加e结尾，去e加ly: true---truly due---duly绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如：polite-politely; wide-widely; wise-wisely; nice-nicely

5) ll结尾只加y: full--- fully dull---dully

6) ic 结尾加ally: basic ---basically scientific---scientifically但是public-publicly例外

7) hurry名词或动词，hurried 形容词，hurriedly副词unexpectedly

5形容词的比较级及最高级变化规则

1）一般加-er 或-est。strong—stronger—strongest

2）以字母e结尾直接加-r 或-st. late—later—latest fine finer finest nice nicer nicest wide wider widest

3）需双写结尾字母后再加-er 或-est。glad –gladder –gladdest hot—hotter –hottest thin—thinner –thinnest big –bigger –biggest fat—fatter –fattest wet—wetter –wettest sad—sadder –saddest red –redder –reddest slim—slimmer – slimmest

4）变y为i再加-er 或-est。angry – angrier – angriest merry –merrier – merriest pretty – prettier—prettiest ugly – uglier – ugliest early—earlier – earliest easy—easier –easiest happy – happier – happiest

5）其他双音节或多音节词，加more或most：enthusiastic –more enthusiastic –most enthusiastic

不规则变化

Good / well --- better – most bad/ ill --- worse --- worst little – less – least Much/ many – more --- most

far --- farther距离更远/further 距离更远或程度更深入—farthest/furthest

old—older (指年龄较长的；新旧) / elder (只指年龄较长的) --- oldest/ eldest

副词

1 基本用法1）做状语Look at the photo carefully.

2) 少数地点或时间副词，如：here、there、home、abroad、upstairs、above、below、yesterday、today、tomorrow等作后置定语。

The people there were very friendly. Do you know the man upstairs?

3) 作表语，如：in、out、on、back、up、down、off、away、downstairs、upstairs等Is the radio on or off?

4)作宾补Sorry to have kept you up so late.

2 兼有两种形式的副词

Deep深地(具体的深度) – deeply深深地（抽象概念）close(靠近地) --- closely(密切地) High(高地)—highly (高度地) wide(宽地)---widely (广泛地) late(晚)- -lately(最近) Free（免费）-- freely （自由地）hard(努力地、辛苦地) – hardly （几乎不）most 最，很――mostly主要地，几乎全部near 靠近―nearly 几乎，差不多You have come too late. What have you been doing lately.

You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like.

You have to work hard. What he said was hardly true.

Which part of the concert did you like most. It is a most interesting film.

She is mostly out on Sundays.

副词固定搭配

wide open 敞开，睁得很大wide awake 完全没睡着deep into the night到深夜deep in thought 深思here and there 到处up and down 上上下下

常用句型

1 比较级+and+比较级“越来越…”My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.

2 the+比较级, the+比较级“越…, 越…” The older I get, the happier I feel.

3“比较级+than + any other+ 单数名词”可替换最高级

Tom runs faster than any other student in his class. = Tom runs fastest in his class.

4“比较级+than + all the other+ 复数名词”可替换最高级

She is more beautiful than all the other girls in our school. = She is the most beautiful girl in our school.

5 “否定词+比较级+than +其他”替换最高级

Nothing is more valuable than health for us. = Health is the most valuable for us.

6 “否定词+as/so +原级+as ”替换最高级

No student is as / so diligent as Jim in our class. = Jim is the most diligent student in our class.

7 “the +形容词比较级+ of…”两者中较….的一个He is the taller of the two brothers.

8.More than He is more than a friend to me.

9.Less than The lightest weighs less than 50 kilograms.

10.no more than His entire school education added up to no more than one year.

11.Not more than He has not more than twenty yuan in his pocket.

12.Be senior to /be junior to / be superior to / be inferior to

I am five years senior/junior to Jane.

This computer is superior to the one you bought.

This photo is inferior to that one.

13 one of 形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的状语

Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.

14 序数词+形容词最高级+名词

Africa is the second largest continent in the world.

15 倍数+as +形容词/副词+as

倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than

倍数+the+名词（height/length/depth/size）of

倍数+what从句

The +名词+be+倍数+that/those of

Asia is four times as large as Europe.

The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.