6 翻译技巧 词类转换法
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翻译技巧词类转换法
3. Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had foundered on
one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make one-site inspection of the Soviet Strategic-arsenal and Russia’s refusal.
第9页，此课件共28页哦
I. Converting to verbs
练习（二）
1. Not only does dark energy appear to make up the bulk of the universe, but its existence, if it stands the test of time, will probably require the development of new theories of physics.
waste of time. 工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会，他们认为对这个问题进
行任何调查都是浪费时间。
5. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current
affairs. 练习： 1. The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East
8. In general, drying a solid means the removal of relatively small
amounts of water or other liquid from the solid material to reduce the content of residual liquid to an acceptable low value.
one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make one-site inspection of the Soviet Strategic-arsenal and Russia’s refusal.
第9页，此课件共28页哦
I. Converting to verbs
练习（二）
1. Not only does dark energy appear to make up the bulk of the universe, but its existence, if it stands the test of time, will probably require the development of new theories of physics.
waste of time. 工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会，他们认为对这个问题进
行任何调查都是浪费时间。
5. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current
affairs. 练习： 1. The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East
8. In general, drying a solid means the removal of relatively small
amounts of water or other liquid from the solid material to reduce the content of residual liquid to an acceptable low value.
英语翻译之词类转译法
banner.（横幅、旗帜）
林则徐禁烟最为成功。 4) Being a successful organizer（组织者） of this football match, he still appears modest.
虽然成功举办了…
.
4、 作为习语主体的名词 常转译成动词：
例：Shall we have a rest? 我们休息一下，好吗？ Let me have a try. 我来试一下。
.
d、 副词→转译成动词
例: Is he up yet? 他起床了没有？
As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on. 他跑出去时，忘了穿鞋子。
Please open the window to let fresh air in.
请打开窗子，让新鲜空气进来。 When he went back, the radio was still on, for he had forgotten to turn it off when he left. 他回来时，收音机仍然开着，因为他离开
龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠的儿子会打洞！
9、WATCH SISTER
表妹
10、heart flower angry open
心花怒放
11、go past no mistake past
.
走过路过，不要错过
词 类 转 译 法 (Conversion of Parts of Speech): 就 是指在翻译过程中，根据译 文语言的习惯进行词类转换， 即把原文中属于某种词类的 词在译文中转换另一种词类， 从而使译文通顺自然。
He was criticized by his leader for failing to report the accident. 他由于未对事故进行汇报而受到领导的批评。
林则徐禁烟最为成功。 4) Being a successful organizer（组织者） of this football match, he still appears modest.
虽然成功举办了…
.
4、 作为习语主体的名词 常转译成动词：
例：Shall we have a rest? 我们休息一下，好吗？ Let me have a try. 我来试一下。
.
d、 副词→转译成动词
例: Is he up yet? 他起床了没有？
As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on. 他跑出去时，忘了穿鞋子。
Please open the window to let fresh air in.
请打开窗子，让新鲜空气进来。 When he went back, the radio was still on, for he had forgotten to turn it off when he left. 他回来时，收音机仍然开着，因为他离开
龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠的儿子会打洞！
9、WATCH SISTER
表妹
10、heart flower angry open
心花怒放
11、go past no mistake past
.
走过路过，不要错过
词 类 转 译 法 (Conversion of Parts of Speech): 就 是指在翻译过程中，根据译 文语言的习惯进行词类转换， 即把原文中属于某种词类的 词在译文中转换另一种词类， 从而使译文通顺自然。
He was criticized by his leader for failing to report the accident. 他由于未对事故进行汇报而受到领导的批评。
句子翻译技巧一：词类转换
example
1967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占 的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权 利的基础上来解决中东冲突。
example
• 2.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
• 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的 机声，令我特别神往。含有动作意味 的名词（在记叙、描写文体中出现较 多）往往可以转译成动词。
• 说以身作则是影响人的主要方法，那是 不对的。它是影响人的唯一方法。
• Wait for a break in the traffic before crossing the road.
• 要等到暂无车辆来往时，才能过马路。
example
• To some extent it gets into the question of the chicken or the egg.
3. 形容词译成动词
形容词转译成副词
英语名词译成汉语动词时，修 饰该名词的形容词往往转译 成汉语副词
example
• It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President's reasons for willing to begin a Chinese-American dialogue.
example
• The car braked sharply, coming to rest on the edge of the cliff.
• 汽车猛的刹住,停在悬崖边上.
example
• They took a final look at Iron Tower, still intact in the darkness.
翻译的词性转换技
All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physicall y. (名词转副词)
转译成动词
1. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 2. In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness. 3. A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation. 4. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 5. He is a good singer. 6. Those small factories are also lavish consumer and waster of raw materials.
7. You must be tired. Why don’t you take a rest? 8. I am anxious about his health. 9. Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 10. Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible. 11. She opened the window to let fresh air in. 12. After careful investigation they found the design behind.
转译成动词
1. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 2. In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness. 3. A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation. 4. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 5. He is a good singer. 6. Those small factories are also lavish consumer and waster of raw materials.
7. You must be tired. Why don’t you take a rest? 8. I am anxious about his health. 9. Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 10. Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible. 11. She opened the window to let fresh air in. 12. After careful investigation they found the design behind.
大学英语六级翻译技巧全面解析
(一)词的翻译1.词义选择所谓词义选择，是指词本来就有这个意思，问题是要我们将其在特定场合的正确意思选出来。
正确选词是保证译文质量的重要环节，如果能做到在词语意义和字面形式上都对等当然最好，如果不能兼顾，则取意义，舍形式。
越是普通的词，越是拥有繁多的释义和搭配，翻译过程中的词义也就越难以确定。
选词时，要注意词义的广狭、所处的语境、词义的褒贬和感情色彩。
【原文】但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。
【译文】However, New Year's Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gatherfor the annual reunion dinner.【分析】“年夜饭”此处实际就是每年一度的团圆饭，为了让译文更符合英语国家的习惯，这里用的是annual reunion dinner，理解起来更容易。
(二)词类转换词类转换是汉译英常用的一种手段。
汉语的动态性和具体性特点使其在语言运用上多用动词。
英语则因其静态性和抽象性特点在语言使用上呈现出名词化和介词化倾向。
在汉译英的过程中，适当转换词性，可以使泽文更符合英语表达习惯。
1、动词→名词一个句子往往只有一个谓语动词，大量原来应该由动词表达的概念，常需借助于名词，因为名词比较不受形态规则变化的束缚，使用相对灵活、方便。
【原文】各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异。
【译文】Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.【分析】原句中“欢度”是动词，但是如果译文中也用动词来表达，则整个句子的结构显得罗嗦，不够整洁，所以译文中用了“celebration”来表达，使得整个甸子更匀称、清晰。
2、动词→介词介词与名词密切相关，英语名词的广泛使用使得介词也得以频繁出现。
英汉翻译中词性转换的技巧-PPT资料
(3) Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.
他们乐观、能干、热情，总是想方设法使你一路 上顺利舒适。（状语转换为谓语）
句子成分转换是指英语中的某一句子成分译成汉语时 转换成另一种句子成分。句子成分转换在主语、谓语、
宾语、定语、状语和补语之间展开。
(1) You can always tell the somebodies from the nobodies at a cocktail party. The somebodies come late. 在鸡尾酒会上人们常常可以看出大人物和无名小卒来。那 些迟到的就是大人物。（主语转换为表语；谓语转换为主 语）
她到车站不一会儿，他便出现在她的身旁，听见他喘息的 声音。她凝视着前方，表情严峻。
(5) Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential.
(13) Most US spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.
美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在 大气层中焚毁。
二、 句子成分转换
(9) He added: "I understand and respect those views, but I deeply believe in the correctness of my decision." 他还说："我理解并尊重他们的看法，但我深信我的决定 是正确的。"
翻译技巧汇总 词类转译法
7
课堂练习
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 3 He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science.
8
课堂练习参考译文：
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 不能抗拒诱惑的人往往要犯错误。 • 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 老人在同儿子谈话时宽恕了年轻人过去的种种劣迹。 • 3 He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science 他从来没有上过医学院，但他却获得了理学博士这样难得 的荣誉学位
13
英语名词译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词往 往转译成汉语副词 • Below 4°C, water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction. • 水在4摄氏度以下就不断地膨胀，而不是不断地收 缩。 • Only when we study their properties can we make better use of the materials. • 只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。
翻译技巧之转化法
三、 转译成形容词
1.名词变形容词 • He found some difficulties to design a reactor without a computer.
• 她感到没有电脑要设计反应堆是困难 的。 • They admitted the feasibility of our proposal. • 他们承认我们的建议是可行的。
或者带有否定意义的词缀dedisimunlessopportunemomentdivertattentionfrom失败没做成抓住机会不失时机欺骗性的靠不住的发牢骚不满意反对对着不符合自然规律正如所期望的那样不出所料空前的史无前例的分散注意力不考虑在价格之上无价的在10英里之内不到10英losetimeindecisive不安全的危险的不喜欢厌恶情绪没有留下怀疑清清楚楚地不失去时间赶快不识字的人文盲不完全的残缺的不能阅读的人睁眼瞎不经常的偶尔的没面子的丢面子不同寻常的异乎寻常的不能决定的优柔寡断的立场语气的需要一表达习惯的需要invitationonlykeepupright
Ex:
1. Undoubtedly they don’t have the intention of making an engineer of him, and I suspect they never will. 2. The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity. 3. The engine has given a constantly good performance. 4. Professor Wilson is said to be a lady killer. 5. The well known scientist was a great lover of literature when he was a child. 6. Differences between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their contact and cooperation.
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Don’t be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are.
不要恐惧那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。
Is Mr. Smith familiar with the performance of the laboratory equipment?
操作电脑需要一些英语知识。
2 介词转译成动词。（prep.---v.）
The road to development is long but we are firmly on it.
发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走了上这条路。
He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand.
Exercise
6. 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。 7. 社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。 8. 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下 苦工不可。 9. 目前我国各地对消费品的需求量大大增 加。 10，随着时间的流逝，我对他越来越仰慕。
Put the following paragraph into English: 今天的老人是昨天的劳动者。他们对物质文化的 发展做出了许多贡献， 理所当然应该分享其成果。 当敬老、养老蔚然成风时， 各个年龄层的人都会 有一种完全感。每个人都有一天会变老。 如果人 们确信老年时生活一定幸福、安康， 就会全力以 赴地投入工作。
那本书没留给我什么印象。
Harry aims to become a computer expert.
哈里的目标是成为计算机专家。
Your work is characterized by lack of attention to detail.
你工作的毛病是不注意细节。（粗心大意）
The machine weighs about five hundred kilograms.
Conversion of part of speech in translation.
在翻译过程中， 如果绝对地按照原语的词 性进行翻译，有时译文会显得晦涩或不符合 译语的表达习惯。这时， 我们可以对原语 的词性进行转换翻译。英译汉中常见的词性 转换有以下几个方面。
常用词类转换形式
A. Converting to verbs（转译成动词） （转译成动词）
1 2 3 4 名词转译成动词 （n.---v.） 介词转译成动词。（prep.---v.） 形容词转译成动词（adj.---v.） 副词转译为动词（adv.---v.） adv.---v.
B. Converting to nouns（转译成名词） （转译成名词） 1.动词转译为名词 （v.---n.） 2. 形容词转译为名词 （adj.---n. ） C. Converting to other parts of speech（其它词类转译） （其它词类转译）
那些年是共和党执政。
Double windows were fixed to keep the cold out.
安装双层窗御寒。
1.动词转译为名不易用汉语动词表达，或不能表 达得很准确时，可以把动词转译为名词。 The book did not impress me at all.
你的付出和所得成正比。
To be independent is an absolute necessity for young people.
独立对年轻人来说是绝对必要的。
10. In science, it is important to state a law or a principle accurately.
1 名词转译成动词 （n.---v. ）
英语中具有动作意义的动作意义的名词，汉译时 往往可转化为动词。 They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase.
他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。
Give me liberty or give me death.
公司在报上登广告招聘电子方面的专家。
3 形容词转译成动词（adj.---v.）
Integrity means you do what you do because it’s right and not just fashionable or politically correct.
诚实意味着去做你认为对的事，而不仅仅是为了赶时髦或在政治上不出错。
不自由， 毋宁死。
He is an enemy to reform.
他反对改革。
Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.
国与国社会制度的不同应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。
他在公园散步，手里拿着一把伞。
It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty.
我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫困。
The company has advertised in the newspaper for electronic experts.
(6)*The youths always dream fondly of their future.
年轻人对前途总是怀有美好的梦想。
*Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction.
你比我所想象得要傻得多（n.—adj.）
Our government shows great concern for the Chinese resident abroad.
我国政府十分关心海外华侨。
His address impressed me deeply.
他的讲话给我留下很深的印象。
From the front, back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy.
有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给予了很高的评价。
2. 形容词转译为名词 （adj.---n. ）
有些形容词在翻译时如不易或不能用适宜的汉语形 容词表达，可改用名词表达。 The day was cloudy but the sun was trying to come through.
天上有云，不过太阳就要破云而出了。
Obedience is obligatory on a soldier.
服从命令是军人的天职。
Many Western people are religious.
很多西方人/西方人多数都是虔诚的教徒。
三．其它词类转译
You are a greater blockhead than I had supposed you to be.
新市长有礼貌地访问城市贫民赢得了人们的尊敬。
Exercise
1. Arrogance and complacence turned out to be his ruin. 2. With slight modification each type can be used for all three systems. 3. “Coming”, she skimmed over the lawn, up Coming , the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch。 4. He is physically weak but mentally sound. 5. Lower temperatures are associated with lower growth rate.
I am afraid I can’t teach you English. I think my daughter is a better teacher than I.
恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。
The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English.
在科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述十分重要。
11. With slight repairs, the machine could be in motion.
只要称加修理，这台机器便可以运转。
12. The new mayor earned respect due to the courtesy of visiting the poor in the city.
重量单位是克，长度单位是米，容量单位是升。
The machine can dimensionally be changeable according to consumers’ need.
机器的在大小（或尺寸）可以根据用户的需要改变。
All you have done is proportional to all you have achieved.
The old people of today are the laborers of yesterday. It goes without saying that they should have a share in the rewards for material and cultural advancements to which they have contributions. When respecting and providing for the elderly becomes common practice, people of all generations will have a sense of security. For everyone gets old some day, and when people feel perfectly secure of a happy and comfortable life in old age, they will devote themselves wholeheartedly to work.