英语阅读理解主旨大意题学生版
高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题
一、考纲解读：
在高考阅读理解中，主旨大意题的考查占有十分重要的位置。掌握所读材料的主旨和大意也是《英语课程标准》和《考试说明》对考生的基本要求之一。只有通过阅读掌握了文章的主题，才能正确理解文章，进而根据文章的事实细节推测作者的态度和观点。
主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。凡是问文章标题（the best title）、大意（the main idea）和写作意图（the purpose, the aim）的题目都属于此类。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
二、题型特点与命题方式
1标题类常见的标题型题干：
1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.
2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.
3)What is the best title for the passage?
4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?
2 大意类常见的主题型题干：
5) This passage chiefly deals with____________.6) Whats the topic of the article?
7) What is the subject discussed in the text?
8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?
3 目的主旨大意题
The authors main purpose in writing the passage is______.
The passage is meant to _____ The purpose of this article is _______
… …
三、应试技巧
一、主题句认定法；
我们会发现很多文章常常有表明作者观点的主题句。如果能找出这些主题句，必将极大地帮助我们解决主旨大意题。通过以下阅读的练习，观察主题句通常出现在文章的__________ , __________ , __________ 。需要强调的是，不是每一篇文章都有主题句，
Passage 1 (09?安徽A篇)
Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it.
Recite and repeat in conversation.
… …
Ask the other person to recite and repeat.
… …
59. What does the text mainly tell us? _____________
A. Tips on an important social skill.
B. Importance of attending parties.
C. How to make use of associations.
D. How to recite and repeat names.
Passage 2 (09年四川卷A篇)
Hey there,
So you’re about to spend four years of your life and tens of thousands of dollars of your patent’s money, and all you really know about college is that all of your friends are going. Do you ever stop to wonder why you’re going?
……
Finding the right college can be difficult. Fortunately, Johnson Review is here to help you every step of the way.
… …
For more information, call 600-3681 or visit https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b2129179.html,. Wherever you go, have a nice trip!(最后一段)
44. What’s the author’s pu rpose of writing this test?
A. To suggest ways to prepare for college learning
B. To help readers find the right college
C. To make Johnson Review popular
D. To introduce college life
Passage3 (09年全国卷I D篇)
It's not easy being a teenager (13至19岁青少年) – nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently lettin g him know that you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.
Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving, consider everything else open to discussion. … …
Teach your tee nager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for 15 minutes, … …
68. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents ______.
A. how to get along with a teenager
B. how to respect a teenager
C. how to understand a teenager
D. how to help a teenager grow up
二、文章结构识别法；
很多文章的结构，例如议论文、科普文，都是总-分-分或者分-分-总。还有提建议类、广告类的文章通常使用平行结构，新闻类通常使用倒金字塔结构……
了解文章的结构能够帮助我们迅速找出文章的主旨大意，特别是新闻，主旨大意通常出现在文章的第一或第二段。Passage 4（(2009北京卷，D篇)
When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority（优先）. This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.
… …
So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize.
71. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Music education deserves more attention.
B. Music should be of top education priority.
C. Music is an effective communication tool.
D. Music education makes students more imaginative.
三、排除法；
每一道主旨大意题总有比较容易判断出是错误的选项，将这样的选项排除掉有助于我们排除干扰、缩小范围，提高命中率。
Passage 5 （2009年四川卷E篇）
All too often，a choice that seems sustainable(可持续的)turns out on closer examination to be problematic. Probably the best example is the rush to produce ethanol(乙醇)for fuel from corn. Corn is a renewable resource—you can harvest it and grow more，almost limitlessly. So replacing gas with corn ethanol seems like a great idea.
……The admirable goal of living sustainably requires plenty of thought on an ongoing basis.
60．What does the author mainly discuss in the text?
A．Technology. B．Sustainability. C．Ethanol energy. D．Environmental protection.
四、不大不小具体法。遵循四字原则：精准全新
文章标题通常有如下要求：不能过大、过于笼统，放之四海皆适用；也不能过小、以偏概全，挂一漏万。好的文章标题具有较强的针对性、独特性，能够准确地概括出这篇短文的主旨大意，而不是其它文章的大意。掌握标题的这些特点，可以帮助我们识别出正确的标题来。
Passage 6 (2009年全国卷I A篇)
I suddenly heard an elephant crying as though frightened. Looking down, I immediately recognized that something was wrong, and ran down to the edge of the near bank. There I saw Ma Shwe with her three-month-old calf struggling in the fast-rising water, and it was a life-and-death struggle. Her calf was floating and screaming with fear.
… …
While I was wondering what I could do next, I heard the sound of a mother’s love. Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up
the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could, roaring (吼叫) all the time, but to her calf it was music.
59. What can be the best title for the text?
五、假定标题写作法；
这是一种逆向思维的方法。这种方法就是先设定某一个选项为正确的文章标题，那么，按照这个标题文章通常应该怎么写、写什么呢？根据标题里的核心词，我们可以在头脑里大致确定一下文章的结构和内容，如果二者与阅读短文基本相同，就可以判断该项正确；如果与短文大相径庭，就可以判断该项不对。使用这种方法的关键是找出标题中的核心词。
Passage 7 (2009年浙江英语卷E篇)
Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at photo 51. It wasn’t much –a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed—the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.
Her name was Rosalind Franklin. ―She should have been up there,‖ says historian Mary Bowden. ‖if her photo hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure.‖ one reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholar doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitions.
……
As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin. Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that ―Franklins was only two steps away from the solution.‖
No, Franklin was the solution.‖ She contributed more tha n any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer,‖ Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the ―Dark Lady of DNA‖, Franklin is finally coming into the light.
57. What is the text mainly about?
A. The disagreements among DNA researchers.
B. The unfair treatment of Franklin.
C. The process of discovering DNA. D The race between two teams of scientists.
总而言之，以上五种方法并不是孤立存在的，针对一道题目，我们可以把五种方法结合起来，融会贯通，灵活使用。
四、思考
1. 主旨句的出现位置：_____________________________
2.正确选项的特点
含有抽象名词和概括性词语. 四个选项中, 含有approach, concept, chance, opportunity, various, both, general, many, difficult, way, necessity, necessary, importance 等词的选项一般是正确选项.
四个选项中, 内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确选项
那些概括全文, 内容全面, 含义深刻, 说明道理的选项一般是答案项, 而选项内容片面, 单一的内容一般是错误选项.
错误选项的特点
以偏概全. 只是局部信息, 或是一句没有展开论述的话.
过于笼统. 即归纳的主题太泛, 与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论述.
把观点强加与作者. 读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解.
无关信息, 既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息
练习巩固
Passage 1：
Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey. Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills), while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects)....
Q : The author aims to tell us that __________.
A. women’s minds perform better than men’s
B. men’s minds decline more with age
C. everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older
D. a survey on human’s mind decline was done recently.
Passage 2：
Boston---- Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings, including major works by Rembrandt, Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI (美国联邦调查局) and the museum officials said.
The first judgment placed value of at least $100 million on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Boston police spokes-man Jim Tordan.......
William Bobinson, of Hardvard University's Foggel Museum, called the objects stolen “major works.”
Q: What is the best headline for this newspaper article ?
A. A Theft Took Place in Boston
B. B. Artworks stolen by Thieves
C. Major Works
D. Investigation into the Theft
Passage 3:
Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精确), without thinking. Tennis players call that
“ being” in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity’ (自动性).
Q: The first paragraph tells us _______.
A. what automaticity is
B. how accuracy is acquired (获得)
C. how a child learns to walk
D. how an athlete is trained.
1. It seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries. While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services. Gordon Brown, the UK Prime Minister, has also announced he is planning to make some changes in our health service.
The crux of Mr. Brown's proposals are related to giving the NHS (National Health Service) a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients.
He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases ...
Q: The author of this passage intends to tell us______.
A. the NHS should be reformed right away.
B. more and more people are dying from diseases.
C. the plan to reform the NHS in the UK.
D. the criticism of Mr. Brown's proposals.
2. In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商业性的)success.
Q: The text is mainly about________.
A. Lexico
B. Three men
C . A word game
D. Alfred Butts.
3. As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do-it-yourself” (DIY) trend in the U.S. continues to grow. ……
John and Jim are not unusual people. Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living. If you want to become a “do-it-yourself’, you can go to DIY classes. And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.
Q: What would be the best title for the text?
A. The Joy of DIY
B. You can Do it Too!
C. Welcome to Our DIY Course!
D. Ross and Hatfield: Believers in DIY
4． You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern changes. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health. They claim that without dream, people would go crazy.
Q: What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. How people stay healthy
B. How sleep is necessary
C. Why dreams are important
D. When people remember their dreams
5. In America we have Halloween. In Mexico they have Todos Santos, which means “ All Saints”. This is the day in which people remember family and friends who have died. They visit the cemetery instead of going out to trick-or-treat. But they do have pictures of skeletons and ghosts hanging around. They also have many candy skulls to eat.
Q: What does the story mainly tell ?
A.What holidays are like
B. What Halloween is like in Mexico
C. What happens during Todos Santos
D. What we do on Halloween
(英语)英语阅读理解练习题20篇及解析
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(完整版)中考英语阅读主旨大意题解题技巧
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高考英语阅读主旨大意题的解题技巧
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高考英语阅读理解篇全汇总版
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(完整word版)高考英语阅读理解专题三—主旨大意题
2016年高考英语阅读理解指导三——主旨大意题 Don’t give up your whole garden just for an attractive rose. 一、主旨大意题型特点： 主旨大意题要求在理解全文后________________，____________或者是_________，考查考生的归纳总结能力。这类题需要______________，抓住文章的______和_____，同时兼顾________以及文章出现的________。此类试题通常以概括中心、揭示主题、选择标题等形式出现。 查找主旨、标题时，我们要学习识别文章中__________________的信息，这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的______。做主旨大意题时，应采用_______的方式，跳过生僻词，抓住________和_______，快而准地把握文章主旨。 【例1】Choose the most general word. A. Chemist B. Physicist C. Scientist D. Biologist 【例2】Choose the most general sentence. A. The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily. B. There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn. C. The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. D. There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting. 【例3】Choose the title that best expresses the idea of the paragraph. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. A. Economic Principle B. Law of Supply and Demand C. More Goods, Lower Prices D. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices 二、主旨大意题题干形式： 1. ________________________ (main idea): (1) The main idea of the passage is… (2) The passage is mainly about… (3) The passage is mainly discussed… (4) Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? (5) What is the passage mainly about? 2. _________________________ (title): (6) The best title for the passage might be… (7) Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 三、主题句的特点： 1. 主题句与文体体裁之间的关系：议论文和说明文一般有主题句，且一般位于______； 而记叙文一般没有主题句； 2. 段落主题句一般位于_____________； 3. 主题句所表达的意思具有_______和________；句子________单, 一般不会采用长句 或结构复杂的句子； 4. 文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步________________________。
2019届高考英语阅读理解专题训练主旨大意篇
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英语阅读理解——主旨大意_大集合
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高考英语阅读理解专题练习-主旨大意题
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