(完整word版)会计英语期末复习资料v
09《会计英语》期末复习资料I. Useful Phrases （短语）这个是给出中文让写英文1.Trading securities交易性金融资产2.Notes/accounts receivable 应收票据/帐款3.Provision for bad debts 坏帐准备4.Advances to suppliers 预付帐款5.Prepaid expenses 待摊费用(考过)6.Accrued expenses 预提费用7.Accrued payroll 应付工资8.Dividends payable 应付股利9.Provision for loss on realization of inventory 存货变现损失准备10.Available-for-sale securities 可供出售的金融资产11.Hold-to-maturity securities 持有至到期投资12.Long-term investment in equity 长期股权投资13.Long-term investment maturing within one year 一年内到期的长期投资14.Receivables collectible after one year 一年以上应收款项15.Fixed assets - cost 固定资产原价16.Fixed assets – net book value 固定资产净值17.Fixed assets – pending disposal 固定资产清理18.Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧19.Construction in progress 在建工程20.Intangible assets 无形资产21.Proprietary technology and patents 工业产权及专有技术22.Deferred tax assets 递延所得税资产23.Current liabilities 流动债务24.Provisions for foreseeable liabilities 预计负债准备25.Premium/discount on debentures payable 应付公司债券溢价/折价26.Deferred tax liabilities 递延所得税负债27.Paid-in capital 实收资本28.Capital/Earnings surplus 资本/盈余公积29.Undistributed profits 末分配利润30.Accumulated losses 累计亏损31.Profit and loss account利润表32.Sales discounts and allowances销售折扣与折让33.Impairment losses of assets 资产减值损失34.Gain/loss on changes in fair value 公允价值变动收益/损失35.Operating profit/loss 营业利润/亏损36.Non-operating income/expenses 营业外收入/支出 profit/loss after tax 税后净利润/亏损38.Earnings per share (EPS) 每股收益39.Basic/diluted EPS 基本/稀释每股收益II. Abbreviations （缩略语）这个是给简写让你写出英语跟中文1.GAAP : Generally Accepted Accounting Principles .公认会计原则2.FASB : Financial Accounting Standards Board. 财务会计准则委员会3.AICPA: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. 美国注册会计师协会4.CICPA : Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants. 中国注册会计师协会5.MOF : the Ministry of Finance财政部6.SL Method : straight-line method. 直线法P.252/77.ROA : return on assets.资产报酬率P.267/78.EPS : earning per share.每股收益P.351/99.P/E Ratio : the price/earning ration 市盈率10.SCF : the statement of cash flows 现金流量表III. Questions （回答问题）Lesson 1 --- Home Assignments●Discussion Questions: p.221.What are the four financial statements prepared by a proprietorship toprovide information for decision making?√They are: income statement (profit and loss account), statement of owner’s equity (capital statement, statement of retained earnings), balance sheet and cash flow statement.2.What is the proper formula presentation of the accounting equation?√Assets = Liabilities + [owner’s equity + (Revenue – Expenses)]●Exercise 1 - 2: p.23Foreman Corporation, engaged in a service business, completed the following selected transactions during the period:√1)Issued additional capital stock, receiving cash;2)Purchased supplies on account;3)Returned defective supplies purchased on account and not yet paid for;4)Received cash as a refund from the erroneous overpayment of anexpense;5)Charged customers for services sold on account;6)Paid utilities expense;7)Paid a creditor on account;8)Received cash on account from charge customers;9)Paid cash dividends to stockholders;10)Determined the amount of supplies used during the month.Lesson 2 --- Home Assignments●Discussion Questions: p.631.Does debit always mean increase and credit always mean decrease?√No, it does not. And debit or credit should not be confused with increase or decrease. It depends on which side of an account is used for debit or credit.2.Given that assets have economic value and that they have debit balances, whydo expenses also have debit balances? √Because expenses have the effect of decreasing capital, and just as decreases in capital are recorded as debit, increases in expense accounts are recorded as debits. Lesson 3---Home Assignments●Answer the following questions:1.Briefly explain the matching principle. （考过）√The matching principle states that expenses should be deducted (matched against) from the revenues earned in the same period.2.Why is an unearned revenue a liability? √Unearned revenue is a liability because the business owes the customer a good or service.Lesson 7---Home Assignments1.What do determinable current liabilities include? P.291√They include trade accounts payable, current notes payable, current maturities of long-term obligations, cash dividends payable, accrued liabilities, and prepayments or deposits from customers.2.What does non-current liabilities represent? P.306 √It represents obligations of the firm that generally are due more than one year after the balance sheet date.3.What does the major portion of non-current liabilities consist of? P.306It consists of notes and bonds payable.Lesson 8---Home Assignments●Answer the following questions:1.What determines the yield rate of a company’s stock? √Dividends per share divided by market price per share determine the yield rate ofa company‘s stock.2.What is P/E ratio?√The Price/Earning (P/E) ratio is the ratio of the market price per share to earnings per share.Lesson 9---Home AssignmentsAnswer the following questions:1.What are the three categories into which the SCF should be classified?They are a) cash flow from operating activities, b) cash flow from investing activities, cash flow from financing activities.√2.What is the usefulness of the SCF? √From SCF, the information users can know the reasons for the difference between net income and net cash flows from operating activities.IV. E-C Translation （英汉语篇翻译）让你写中文意思P.49/L.21.Preparing a Trial BalanceAccountants usually complete the posting of journal entries to the ledger accounts at the end of each month if they are using a manual system. With a computerized system, each posting is done automatically as each journal entry is recorded. The equality of debits and credits in the ledger should be verified at the end of each accounting period. To verify the accuracy of the recording process, accountants prepare a trial balance of the ledger accounts. A trial balance not only provides a check on the equality of debits and credits but also is a useful summary of account balances for preparing financial statements.[参考译文] 编制试算表（考过）若使用的是手工录入系统的话，会计师通常是在每个月的月底完成日记帐到分类帐的过帐工作；若是用计算机系统的话，则每次过帐均在完成每笔日记帐的同时就自动完成了。
会计英语复习题
一:Choose the best answer for each statement below（ A ）1. Postings from the purchases journal to the subsidiary ledger are generally made:A. Daily.B. Weekly.C. Monthly.D. Yearly.（ D ）2 If beginning inventory is $50,000, cost of goods purchased is $260,000, and ending inventory is $40,000, cost of goods sold is:A.$300.000.B. $280,000.C. $210,000.D. $270,000.（ B ）3. ABC Company sells merchandise on Feb15 on account to XYZ Co. for $11,000, terms 2/10, n/30. On Feb24, payment is received from XYZ Co. What is the amount of cash received?A. $11,000B. $10,780C. $11,220D. $220( C ) 4. Please select which components should less from the value of plant assets.A. Merchandise inventoryB. Income tax payableC. Accumulated depreciationD.Retained earnings( D )5．Which of the following is not a characteristic of plant assets?A. TangibleB. Long-livedC. Unchanged outlookD. For resale（ C ）6。
会计期末复习资料
会计期末复习资料会计作为一门专业的知识，其学习和应用范围极为广泛。
无论是企业的财务管理、银行的风险监控，还是个人投资与理财，都需要掌握一定的会计知识。
因此，对会计知识的复习和积累是十分必要的。
本文将为大家提供一些会计期末复习资料，帮助您更好地掌握这门学科。
一、财务会计财务会计是会计学中最基础的学科，涵盖了会计制度、会计信息的处理和财务报告等方面。
学好财务会计需要理解会计的核算、记账、调节、监督等原理，同时熟悉会计基础准则和会计报表的组成。
下面是一些财务会计复习资料：1.《财务会计基础》——宝贵的课堂笔记，便于回顾核心知识点。
2.《财务会计》——普及版教材，内容平实易懂，适合初学者。
3.《财务会计提高篇》——对财务会计知识进行升级，偏向于企业财务管理。
4.《税务与企业财务会计》——介绍财务与税务结合的场景，有针对性。
二、管理会计管理会计是指将财务会计原则和方法应用于管理决策中，为企业提供定量的、定性的管理信息的一门学科。
管理会计通常需了解财务与管理的背景信息，熟知各种管理决策指标、成本核算方法、绩效评估等知识点。
以下是一些管理会计复习资料：1.《管理会计》——全面地讲述了管理会计的基础知识和应用，紧扣商业价值的判断与创造。
2.《管理会计》——以清晰易懂的文字，教授读者如何精确地把握财务信息，用以提高管理决策的效率。
3.《精益管理会计》——阐述精益思想在管理会计中的应用，概念清晰，操作简易。
4.《MBA管理会计教程》——高端教程，适用于进阶学习和工作中的商业分析与决策。
三、审计审计是对财务信息进行独立的、客观的、专业的检查，核实其真实性、准确性和完整性，评价财务信息的可靠程度。
对于学习审计，需要掌握审核对象、场景与操作流程等方面的知识。
以下是一些审计复习资料：1.《审计学原理》——覆盖了审计的全部学科要点，包括审计原理、手续、实务、报告等方面。
2.《审计学》——案例多，便于理论与实际相结合，更容易学习。
(完整word版)高级英语第一册参考答案(张汉熙版)
高级英语期末复习资料Lesson 1Paraphrase1.We are elevated 23 feet.（Para。
3）2.The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.(Para.3)3.We can batten down and ride it out。
（Para。
4)4.The generator was doused，and the lights went out.（Para4)5.Everybody out the back door to the cars!（Para。
11)6.The electrical systems had been killed by waters。
(Para.11）7.John watched the water lap at the steps，and felt a crushing guilt。
(Para.17)8.Get us through this mess，will You?(Para。
17）9.She carried on alone for a few bars；then her voice trailed away.(Para.21)10.Janis had just one delayed reaction。
（Para。
34）参考答案11.We’re 23 feet above sea level。
12.The house has been here since 1915，and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it。
13.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.14.Water got into the generator and put it out。
会计英语课后习题参考答案解析(可编辑修改word版)
Suggested SolutionChapter 12.3.Describe each transaction based on the summary above.4.5.(a)(b) net income = 9,260-7,470=1,790(c) net income = 1,790+2,500=4,290Chapter 21.a.To increase Notes Payable -CRb.To decrease Accounts Receivable-CRc.To increase Owner, Capital -CRd.To decrease Unearned Fees -DRe.To decrease Prepaid Insurance -CRf.To decrease Cash - CRg.To increase Utilities Expense -DRh.To increase Fees Earned -CRi.To increase Store Equipment -DRj.To increase Owner, Withdrawal -DR2.a.Cash 1,800Accounts payable ............................ 1,800 b.Revenue ......................................Accounts receivable ....................c. 4,5004,500Owner’s withdrawals........................ 1,500Salaries Expense ....................... 1,500d.Accounts Receivable (750)Revenue (750)3.Prepare adjusting journal entries at December 31, the end of the year.Advertising expense 600Prepaid advertising 600Insurance expense (2160/12*2) 360Prepaid insurance 360Unearned revenue Service revenue 2,1002,100Consultant expense Prepaid consultant 9009004. Unearned revenueService revenue3,0003,0001. $388,4002. $22,5203. $366,6004. $21,8005.1. net loss for the year ended June 30, 2002: $60,0002. DR Jon Nissen, Capital 60,000CR income summary 60,0003. post-closing balance in Jon Nissen, Capital at June 30, 2002: $54,000Chapter 31.Dundee Realty bank reconciliationOctober 31, 2009Reconciled balance $6,220 Reconciled balance $6,2202.April 7 Dr: Notes receivable—A company 5400Cr: Accounts receivable—A company 540012 Dr: Cash 5394.5Interest expense 5.5Cr: Notes receivable 5400June 6 Dr: Accounts receivable—A company 5533Cr: Cash 553318 Dr: Cash 5560.7Cr: Accounts receivable—A company 5533Interest revenue 27.73.(a) As a whole: the ending inventory=685(b)applied separately to each product: the ending inventory=6254.The cost of goods available for sale=ending inventory + the cost of goods=80,000+200,000*500%=80,000+1,000,000=1,080,0005.(1) 24,000+60,000-90,000*0.8=12000(2) (60,000+24,000)/( 85,000+31,000)*( 85,000+31,000-90,000)=18828Chapter 41. (a) second-year depreciation = (114,000 – 5,700) / 5 = 21,660;(b) second-year depreciation = 8,600 * (114,000 – 5,700) / 36,100 = 25,800;(c)first-year depreciation = 114,000 * 40% = 45,600second-year depreciation = (114,000 – 45,600) * 40% = 27,360;(d) second-year depreciation = (114,000 – 5,700) * 4/15 = 28,880.2.(a) weighted-average accumulated expenditures (2008) = 75,000 * 12/12 + 84,000 * 9/12 + 180,000 * 8/12 + 300,000 * 7/12 + 100,000 * 6/12 = 483,000 (b) interest capitalized during 2008 = 60,000 * 12% + ( 483,000 – 60,000) * 10% =49,5003.(1) depreciation expense = 30,000(2) book value = 600,000 – 30,000 * 2=540,000(3) depreciation expense = ( 600,000 – 30,000 * 8)/16 =22,500(4) book value = 600,000 – 30,000 * 8 – 22,500 = 337,5004.Situation 1:Jan 1st, 2008 Investment in M 260,000Cash 260,000June 30 Cash 6000Dividend revenue 6000Situation 2:January 1, 2008 Investment in S 81,000Cash 81,000June 15 Cash 10,800Investment in S 10,800December 31 Investment in S 25,500Investment Revenue 25,5005.a. December 31, 2008 Investment in K 1,200,000Cash 1,200,000June 30, 2009 Dividend Receivable 42,500Dividend Revenue 42,500December 31, 2009 Cash 42,500Dividend Receivable 42,500 b. December 31, 2008 Investment in K 1,200,000Cash 1,200,000 December 31, 2009 Cash42,500Investment in K 42,500Investment in K 146,000Investment revenue 146,000 c. In a, the investment amount is 1,200,000net income reposed is 42,500In b, the investment amount is 1,303,500Net income reposed is 146,000Chapter 51.a. June 1: Dr: Inventory198,000 Cr: Accounts Payable198,000 June 11: Dr: Accounts Payable198,000Cr: Notes Payable198,000 June 12: Dr: Cash300,000Cr: Notes Payable300,000 b. Dr: Interest Expenses (for notes on June 11) 12,100 Cr: Interest Payable12,100 Dr: Interest Expenses (for notes on June 12) 8,175 Cr: Interest Payable8,175 c. Balance sheet presentation:dFor Western: Dr: Notes Payable 300,000 Interest Payable 8,175 Interest Expense 18,825Cr: Cash 327,0002.(1) 20⨯8 Deferred income tax is a liability2,400Income tax payable21,600 20⨯9 Deferred income tax is an asset600 Income tax payable 26,100 (2) 20⨯8: Dr: Tax expense24,000Cr: Income tax payable 21,600 Deferred income tax2,400 20⨯9: Dr: Tax expense25,500 Deferred income tax 600Cr: Income tax payable 26,100 (3) 20⨯8: Income statement: tax expense24,000 Balance sheet: income tax payable21,600 20⨯9: Income statement: tax expense25,500 Balance sheet: income tax payable 26,1003.a. 1,560,000 (20000000*12 %* (1-35%))Notes Payable498,000 Accrued Interest on Notes Payable20,275 . For Green:Dr: Notes Payable198,000 Interest Payable12,100 Interest Expense 7,700 Cr: Cash 217,800b. 7.8% (20000000*12 %* (1-35%)/20000000)4.5.Notes Payable 14,400 Interest Payable 1,296 Accounts Payable 60,000+Unearned Rent Revenue 7,200 Current Liabilities 82,896Chapter 61.Mar. 1Cash 1,200,000Common Stock 1,000,000Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value 200,000Mar. 15Organization Expense 50,000Common Stock 50,000Mar. 23Patent 120,000Common Stock 100,000Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value 20,000 The value of the patent is not easily determinable, so use the issue price of $12 per share on March 1 which is the issuing price of common stock.2.July.1Treasury Stock 180,000Cash 180,000The cost of treasury purchased is 180,000/30,000=60 per share.Nov. 1Cash 70,000Treasury Stock 60,000Paid-in Capital from Treasury Stock 10,000Sell the treasury at the cost of $60 per share, and selling price is $70 per share. The treasury stock is sold above the cost.Dec. 20Cash 75,000Paid-in Capital from Treasury Stock 15,000Treasury Stock 90,000The cost of treasury is $60 per share while the selling price is $50 which is lower than the cost.3.a. July 1Retained Earnings 24,000Dividends Payable—Preferred Stock 24,000b.Sept.1Dividends Payable—Preferred Stock 24,000Cash 24,000c. Dec.1Retained Earnings 80,000Dividends Payable—Common Stock 80,000d.Dec.31Income Summary 350,000Retained Earnings 350,0004.a. Preferred stock gives its owner certain advantages over common stockholders. These benefits include the right to receive dividends before the common stockholders and the right to receive assets before the common stockholders if the corporation liquidates. Corporation pay a fixed amount of dividends on preferred stock.The 7% cumulative term indicates that the investors earn 7% fixed dividends.b. 7%*120%*20,000=504,000c. If corporation issued debt, it has obligation to repay principald. The date of dec laration decrease the stockholders’ equity; the date of record and the date of payment have no effect on stockholders.5.a. Jan. 15Retained Earnings 35,000Accumulated Depreciation 35,000 To correct error in prior year’s depreciation.b. Mar. 20Loss from Earthquake 70,000Building 70,000c. Mar. 31Retained Earnings 12,500Dividends Payable 12,500d. Apirl.15Dividends Payable 12,500Cash 12,500e. June 30Retained Earnings 37,500Common Stock 25,000Additional Paid-in Capital 12,500To record issuance of 10% stock dividend: 10%*25,000=2,500 shares;2500*$15=$37,500f. Dec. 31Depreciation Expense 14,000Accumulated Depreciation 14,000Original depreciation: $40,000/40=$10,000 per year. Book value on Jan.1, 2009 is $350,000(=$400,000-5*$10,000). Deprecation for 2009 is $14,000(=$350,000/25).g. The company does not need to make entry in the accounting records. But the amount of Common Stock ($10 par value) decreases 275,000, while the amount of Common Stock ($5 par value) increases 275,000.Chapter 71.Requirement 1If revenue is recognized at the date of delivery, the following journal entries would be used to record the transactions for the two years:Year 1Inventory ............................................... 480,000 Cash/Accounts payable................................ 480,000 To record purchase of inventoryInventory ............................................... 124,000 Cash/Accounts payable................................ 124,000 To record refurbishment of inventoryAccounts receivable ..................................... 310,000 Sales revenue........................................ 310,000 To record sale of goods on accountCost of goods sold ...................................... 220,000 Inventory............................................ 220,000 To record the cost of the goods sold as an expenseSales returns (I/S) ..................................... 15,500* Allowance for sales returns (B/S).................... 15,500 To record provision for return of goods sold under 30-day return period* 5% of $310,000Warranty expense ........................................ 31,000* Provision for warranties (B/S)....................... 31,000 To record provision, at time of sale, for warranty expenditures* 10% of $310,000Allowance for sales returns ............................. 12,400 Accounts receivable.................................. 12,400 To record return of goods within 30-day return period.It is assumed the returned goods have no value and are disposed of.Provision for warranties (B/S) ..........................Cash/Accounts payable................................ 18,60018,600To record expenditures in year 1 for warranty workCash .................................................... 297,600*Accounts receivable.................................. 297,600 To record collection of Accounts Receivable* $310,000 – $12,400Year 2Provision for warranties (B/S) .......................... 8,400 Cash/Accounts payable................................ 8,400 To record expenditures in year 2 for warranty workRequirement 2If revenue is recognized only when the warranty period has expired, thefollowing journal entries would be used to record the transactions for the two years:Year 1Inventory ...............................................Cash/Accounts payable................................ To record purchase of inventory 480,000480,000Inventory ...............................................Cash/Accounts payable................................ To record refurbishment of inventory 124,000124,000Accounts receivable .....................................Inventory............................................ 310,000220,000Deferred gross margin................................To record sale of goods on account90,000Deferred gross margin ...................................Accounts receivable.................................. 12,40012,400To record return of goods within the 30-day return period.goods have no value and are disposed of.It is assumed theDeferred warranty costs (B/S) ........................... 18,600 Cash/Accounts payable................................ 18,600 To record expenditures for warranty work in year 1. The warranty costs incurred are deferred because the related revenue has not yet been recognizedCash .................................................... 297,600* Accounts receivable.................................. 297,600 To record collection of Accounts receivable* $310,000 – $12,400Year 2Deferred warranty costs ................................. 8,400 Cash/Accounts payable................................ 8,400 To record warranty costs incurred in year 2 related to year 1 sales. Thewarranty costs incurred are deferred because the related revenue has not yet been recognized.Deferred gross margin ................................... **77,600Cost of goods sold ...................................... 220,000 Sales revenue........................................ 297,600* To record recognition of sales revenue from year 1 sales and related cost of goods sold at expiry of warranty period* $310,000 – $12,400** ($90,000 – $12,400)Warranty expense ........................................ 27,000* Deferred warranty costs.............................. 27,000 To record recognition of warranty expense at same time as related sales revenue recognition* $18,600 + $8,400Requirement 3Allied Auto Parts Inc. might choose to recognize revenue only after thewarranty period has expired if they are not able to make a good estimate, at the time of sale, of the amount of warranty work that will be required under the terms of the one-year warranty. If Allied is not able, at the time of sale, to make a good estimate of the warranty work that will be required, then the measurability criterion of revenue recognition is not met at the time of sale.The measurability criterion means that the amount of revenue can be reliably measured. If the seller is not able to estimate the amount of work that will have to be done under the warranty agreement, then it is not able to reasonably measure the profit that it will eventually earn on the sales. The performance criteria might also be invoked here. The performance criterion means that the seller has transferred the significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer. As long as there is warranty work to be performed after the sale that is the responsibility of the seller, you might argue that performance is notsubstantially complete. However, if the seller was able to reliably estimate the amount of warranty work, then performance would be satisfied on theassumption that we could measure the risk that remains with the seller, andmake a provision for it.2.Percentage-of-completion method:The first step in applying revenue recognition using the percentage-of-completion method (using costs incurred to date compared to estimated totalcosts to determine the percentage of completion) is to estimate the percentageof completion of the project at the end of each year. This is done in thefollowing table (in $000s):End of 2005 End of 2006 End of 2007Total costs incurred $ 5,400 $ 12,950 $ 18,800 Total estimated costs 18,000 18,500 18,800 % completed 30% 70% 100%Once the percentage of completion at the end of each year has been calculatedas above, the next step is to allocate the appropriate amount of revenue toeach year, based on the percentage completed to date, less what has previously been recorded in revenue. This is done in the following table (in $000s):2005 2006 20072005 $20,000 × 30% $ 6,0002006 $20,000 × 70% $ 14,0002007 $20,000 × 100% $ 20,000Less: Revenue recognized in prior years (0) (6,000) (14,000) Revenue for year $ 6,000 $ 8,000 $ 6,000Therefore, the profit to be recognized each year on the construction projectwould be:2005 2006 2007 TotalRevenue recognized $ 6,000 $ 8,000 $ 6,000 $ 20,000 Construction costs incurred (expenses) (5,400) (7,550) (5,850) (18,800) Gross profit for the year $ 600 $ 450 $ 150 $ 1,200The following journal entries are used to record the transactions under the percentage-of-completion method of revenue recognition:2005 2006 20071. Costs of construction:Construction in progress ....... 5,400 7,550 5,850 Cash, payables, etc. . 5,400 7,550 5,8502. Progress billings:Accounts receivable ..... 3,100 4,900 12,000 Progress billings .... 3,100 4,900 12,000 3. Collections on billings:Cash .................... 2,400 4,000 12,400 Accounts receivable .. 2,400 4,000 12,400 4. Recognition of profit:Construction in progress 600 450 150Construction expense .... 5,400 7,550 5,850Revenue from long-termcontract ........... 6,000 8,000 6,0005.To close construction in progress:Progress billings ....... 20,000Construction in progress 20,0002005 2006 2007Balance sheetCurrent assets:Accounts receivable $ 700 $ 1,600 $ 1,200 Inventory:Construction in process 6,000 14,000Less: Progress billings (3,100) (8,000)Costs in excess of billings 2,900 6,000Income statementRevenue from long-term contracts $ 6,000 $ 8,000 $ 6,000 Construction expense (5,400) (7,550) (5,850) Gross profit $ 600 $ 450 $ 1503.a.The three criteria of revenue recognition are performance, measurability,and collectibility.Performance means that the seller or service provider has performed thework. Depending on the nature of the product or service, performance maymean quite different points of revenue recognition. For example, for thesale of products, IAS18 defines performance as the point when the seller ofthe goods has transferred the risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer.Normally, this means that performance is done at the time of sale. Althoughthe seller may have performed much of the work prior to the sale(production, selling efforts, etc.), there is still significant risk to theseller that a buyer may not be found. Therefore, from a reliability pointof view, revenue recognition is delayed until the point of sale. Also,there may be significant risks remaining with the seller of the producteven after the sale. Warranties given by the seller are a risk that remainswith the seller. However, if this risk can be reliably estimated at thetime of sale, revenue can be recognized at the point of sale. Performanceis quite different under a long-term construction contract. Here,performance really is considered to be a measure of the work done. Revenue is recognized over the production period as the work is performed. It is intended to reflect the amount of effort expended by the seller(contractor). Although legal title won’t transfer to the buyer until the project is completed, revenue can be recognized because there is a known and committed buyer. If the contractor is not able to estimate how much of the work has been done (perhaps because he or she can’t reliably estimate how much work must still be done), then profit would not be recognizeduntil the extent of performance is known.Measurability means that the seller or service provider must be able toreliably estimate the amount of the revenue from the sale or service. For the sale of products this is generally known at the time of sale (the sales price is set). However, if the seller provides a return period, it may be necessary to estimate the volume of returns at the time of sale in order to measure the revenue that will be recognized.Collectibility means that the seller or the service provider has reasonable assurance that the sales price will actually be collected. In most cases for the sales of products, the seller is able to recognize revenue at the time of sale even if the sale is on account. This is because the seller has experience with its customers and is able to estimate reliably the risk of non payment. As long as the seller is able to make this estimate, it isappropriate to recognize the revenue but to offset it with a provision for possible non collection. If the seller is unable to make reliable estimates of future collection of amounts owing, the recognition of revenue would be delayed until the cash is actually received. This is what is done using the instalment sales method of revenue recognition.b.Because of the performance criterion of revenue recognition, it would seem to be most appropriate to recognize most revenue as the seller or service provider performs the work. This would be the best measure of performance. This would mean, for example, that sellers of products would recognize their revenue over the whole production, selling, and post sales servicing periods. As we saw above, this is not commonly done because, in many cases, there are still significant risks that are retained by the seller (risk of not being able tosell the product, for example). There are also measurement risks (knowing the selling price) that exist prior to the sale. The percentage-of-completion method of revenue used for some long-term construction contracts would seem to most closely recognize revenue as the work is performed. As mentioned in Part 1, we are able to recognize revenue on this basis since a contract exists which commits the purchaser to buy the project (assuming certain conditions are met) and the sales price is known because of the existence of the contract.4.If all revenue is recognized when a student registers for the course, profit for 2007 would be:Sales Revenue1:Manuals and initial lessons (200 × $100)$ 20,000 Additional lessons ((200 × 8) × $30)48,000 Examinations ((200 × 80%) × $130) 20,800 Total sales revenue 88,800Cost of sales:Manuals and initial lessons (200 × ($15+ $3)) 3,600 Additional lessons ((200 × 8) × $3))4,800 Examinations ((200 × 80%) × $30) 4,800 Total cost of sales 13,200Depreciation of development costs:$180,000 × (200/1,000) 36,000 Profit $ 39,6005.FINISH ENTERPRISESIncome Statementfor the year ending December 31, 2005Continuing operations (excluding the chemical division)Sales ($35,000,000 – $5,500,000) $ 29,500,000Cost of sales ($15,000,000 – $2,800,000) (12,200,000)Gross profit 17,300,000Selling & administration expenses($18,000,000 – $3,200,000) (14,800,000)Profit from operations 2,500,000Income tax expense (40%) 1,000,000Profit after tax $ 1,500,000Discontinuing operations (Chemical division)Sales 5,500,000Cost of sales (2,800,000)Gross profit 2,700,000Selling & administration expenses (3,200,000)Loss from operations (500,000)Income tax expense(40%) 200,000Loss after tax (300,000) Gain on discontinuance of the Chemical division 3,500,000Tax thereon (1,400,000)After-tax gain on discontinuance of the Chemical division2,100,000Enterprise net profit $3,300,000Chapter 81.Payment of account payable. operatingIssuance of preferred stock for cash. financingPayment of cash dividend. financingSale of long-term investment. investingAmortization of bond discount. no effectCollection of account receivable. operatingIssuance of long-term note payable to borrow cash. financing Depreciation of equipment. no effectPurchase of treasury stock. financingIssuance of common stock for cash. financingPurchase of long-term investment. investingPayment of wages to employees. operatingCollection of cash interest. investingCash sale of land. InvestingDistribution of stock dividend. no effectAcquisition of equipment by issuance of note payable. no effect Payment of long-term debt. financingAcquisition of building by issuance of common stock. no effect Accrual of salary expense. no effect2.(a)Cash received from customers = 816,000(b)Cash payments for purchases of merchandise. =468,000(c)Cash payments for operating expenses. = 268,200(d)Income taxes paid. =36,9003.Cash sales..................................... $9,000Payment of accounts payable ………………………. -48,000Payment of income tax ……………………………… -13,000Payment of inter est ……………………………..….. -16,000 Collection of accounts receivable .................. 93,000 Payment of salaries and wages ………………………..-34,000 Cash flows from operating activitiesby the direct method -9,0004.Operating activities:Net loss -200,000 Add: loss on sale of land 250,000 Add: depreciation 300,000Add: amortization of patents 20,000Less: increases in current assets other than cash -750,000 Add: increases in current liabilities 180,000 Net cash flows from operating - 200,000Investing activitiesSale of land -50,000 Purchase of PPE -1,500,000Net cash flows from investing - 1,550,000Financing activitiesIssuance of common shares 400,000 Payment of cash dividend -50,000 Issuance of non-current liabilities 1,000,000 Net cash flows from financing1,350,000Net changes in cash - 400,0005.。
(完整word版)会计英语第三版(叶建芳)翻译
第一章会计总论本章讨论不同的使用者对会计信息的需求，介绍不同实体对会计职业的影响、会计职业道德及职业行为准则。
本章也将对公认会计准则以及一些相关概念和原则进行解释。
本章将介绍会计等式：资产＝负债＋所有者权益，并逐一定义会计等式中的每个要素，举例分析不同业务对会计等式的影响。
同时，本章还将简单介绍并列示财务报表。
学习目标：1．了解会计信息系统2．应用公认会计准则3．了解财务报表4．运用会计要素5．运用会计等式6．理解了解会计及其环境会计是一个信息系统我们通常把会计描述为一个信息系统。
作为一个信息系统，会计计量经济活动，将信息编制成财务报表，并将财务报表传达给决策者。
会计的范围包括：确认经济事项，进行计量、记录、汇总，并把信息报告给使用者。
会计所涵盖的范围要大于簿记。
图表1－1是信息在会计系统内的流转图。
簿记是对交易和事件的记录，只是会计的一部分。
会计还包括对会计信息的分析和阐述，以帮助财务报表的外部和内部的使用者制定各项经济决策。
图表1-1 会计信息流转会计信息使用者主要是投资者和债权人，政府，工会和普通公众也会使用会计信息。
1.1组织形式企业有三种组织形式：个人独资企业是指由一个自然人投资拥有的企业组织。
个人独资企业是一个会计实体，但并不是法律实体。
个人独资企业的所有者对企业的债务承担无限责任，这也是个人独资企业的一个主要缺点。
合伙企业与个人独资企业的区别只是在于它有两个或两个以上的所有者。
合伙企业的所有者被称为合伙人。
现实商业活动中有许多不同类型的合伙企业。
公司是依据当地法律注册成立的单独实体；公司的所有者被称为股东。
股东不对公司的债务负责。
有限责任是公司这种组织形式的一个显著优点。
公司的所有权被分为股份。
股票股份可以在所有者之间转让。
1.2编报财务报表的框架由于各个国家的法律和经济环境不同，各国有不同的会计模式。
在一个国家可行的会计实务在另一个国家并不一定可行。
由于各国的会计模式不同，所以我们需要制定一个互相协调的会计标准：用全球通用的会计语言来传达相关的且可靠的会计信息。
09《会计英语》期末复习资料v
09《会计英语》期末复习资料v09《会计英语》期末复习资料I. Useful Phrases （短语）1.Trading securities交易性⾦融资产2.Notes/accounts receivable 应收票据/帐款3.Provision for bad debts 坏帐准备4.Advances to suppliers 预付帐款5.Prepaid expenses 待摊费⽤6.Accrued expenses 预提费⽤7.Accrued payroll 应付⼯资8.Dividends payable 应付股利9.Provision for loss on realization of inventory 存货变现损失准备10.Available-for-sale securities 可供出售的⾦融资产11.Hold-to-maturity securities 持有⾄到期投资12.Long-term investment in equity 长期股权投资13.Long-term investment maturing within one year ⼀年内到期的长期投资14.Receivables collectible after one year ⼀年以上应收款项15.Fixed assets - cost 固定资产原价16.Fixed assets – net book value 固定资产净值17.Fixed assets – pending disposal 固定资产清理18.Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧19.Construction in progress 在建⼯程20.Intangible assets ⽆形资产21.Proprietary technology and patents ⼯业产权及专有技术22.Deferred tax assets 递延所得税资产23.Current liabilities 流动债务24.Provisions for foreseeable liabilities 预计负债准备25.Premium/discount on debentures payable 应付公司债券溢价/折价26.Deferred tax liabilities 递延所得税负债27.Paid-in capital 实收资本28.Capital/Earnings surplus 资本/盈余公积29.Undistributed profits 末分配利润30.Accumulated losses 累计亏损31.Profit and loss account利润表32.Sales discounts and allowances销售折扣与折让33.Impairment losses of assets 资产减值损失34.Gain/loss on changes in fair value 公允价值变动收益/损失35.Operating profit/loss 营业利润/亏损36.Non-operating income/expenses 营业外收⼊/⽀出/doc/1d062803f78a6529657d5300.html profit/loss after tax 税后净利润/亏损38.Earnings per share (EPS) 每股收益39.Basic/diluted EPS 基本/稀释每股收益II. Abbreviations （缩略语）1.GAAP : Generally Accepted Accounting Principles .公认会计原则2.FASB : Financial Accounting Standards Board. 财务会计准则委员会3.AICPA: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. 美国注册会计师协会4.CICPA : Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants. 中国注册会计师协会5.MOF : the Ministry of Finance财政部6.SL Method : straight-line method. 直线法P.252/77.ROA : return on assets.资产报酬率P.267/78.EPS : earning per share.每股收益P.351/99.P/E Ratio : the price/earning ration 市盈率10.SCF : the statement of cash flows 现⾦流量表III. Questions （回答问题）Lesson 1 --- Home Assignments1.What are the four financial statements prepared by a proprietorship toprovide information for decision making?√They are: income statement (profit and loss account), statement of owner’s equity (capital statement, statement of retained earnings), balance sheet and cash flow statement.2.What is the proper formula presentation of the accounting equation? √Assets = Liabilities + [owner’s equity + (Revenue – Expenses)]3.What are the four key ethical standards that are expected of professionalaccountants?They are: integrity, confidentiality, competence, and objectivity.Exercise 1 - 2: p.2Foreman Corporation, engaged in a service business, completed the following selected transactions during the period: √1)Issued additional capital stock, receiving cash;2)Purchased supplies on account;3)Returned defective supplies purchased on account and not yet paid for;4)Received cash as a refund from the erroneous overpayment of anexpense;5)Charged customers for services sold on account;6)Paid utilities expense;7)Paid a creditor on account;8)Received cash on account from charge customers;9)Paid cash dividends to stockholders;10)Determined the amount of supplies used during the month.Using a tabular form with column headings entitled Transactions, Assets, Liabilities, and Capital respectively, indicate the effect of each transaction. Use + for increase and – for the decrease.Lesson 2 --- Home Assignments1.Does debit always mean increase and credit always mean decrease? √No, it does not. And debit or credit should not be confused with increase or decrease. It depends on which side of an account is used for debit or credit.2.Given that assets have economic value and that they have debit balances,why do expenses also have debit balances?√Because expenses have the effect of decreasing capital, and just as decreases in capital are recorded as debit, increases in expense accounts are recorded as debits. Lesson 3---Home Assignments1.Briefly explain the matching principle.√The matching principle states that expenses should be deducted (matched against) from the revenues earned in the same period.2.Why is an unearned revenue a liability?√Unearned revenue is a liability because the business owes the customer a good or service.Lesson 7---Home Assignments1.What do determinable current liabilities include? P.291 √They include trade accounts payable, current notes payable, current maturities of long-term obligations, cash dividends payable, accrued liabilities, and prepayments or deposits from customers.2.What does non-current liabilities represent? P.306√It represents obligations of the firm that generally are due more than one year after the balance sheet date.Lesson 8---Home Assignments1.What determines the yield rate of a company’s stock?√Dividends per share divided by market price per share determine the yield rate ofa company‘s stock.2.What is P/E ratio?√The Price/Earning (P/E) ratio is the ratio of the market price per share to earnings per share.Lesson 9---Home Assignments1.What are the three categories into which the SCF should be classified?They are a) cash flow from operating activities, b) cash flow from investing activities, cash flow from financing activities.2.What is the usefulness of the SCF?√From SCF, the information users can know the reasons for the difference between net income and net cash flows from operating activities.IV. E-C Translation （英汉语篇翻译）1.Preparing a Trial BalanceAccountants usually complete the posting of journal entries to the ledger accounts at the end of each month if they are using a manual system. With a computerized system, each posting is done automatically as each journal entry is recorded. The equality of debits and credits in the ledger should be verified at the end of each accounting period. T o verify the accuracy of the recording process, accountants prepare a trial balance of the ledger accounts.A trial balance not only provides a check on the equality of debits and credits but also is a useful summary of account balances for preparing financial statements.[参考译⽂] 编制试算表若使⽤的是⼿⼯录⼊系统的话，会计师通常是在每个⽉的⽉底完成⽇记帐到分类帐的过帐⼯作；若是⽤计算机系统的话，则每次过帐均在完成每笔⽇记帐的同时就⾃动完成了。
会计英语复习资料
会计英语复习资料会计英语期末复习资料⼀、单词1.accounting 会计学2.accounting elements 会计要素3.accounting equation 会计等式4.assets 资产5.liabilities 负债6.owner`s equity 所有者权益7.revenue 收⼊8.expenses 费⽤9.profits 利润10.accounting period 会计期间11.transaction 经济业务/会计事项12.double-entry system 复式记账法13.debit 借⽅14.credit 贷⽅15.ledger 分类账16.chart of accounts 会计科⽬表17.journal ⽇记账18.current assets 流动资产19.cash 现⾦20.cash equivalents 现⾦等价物21.check ⽀票22.bank deposits 银⾏存款23.cash in bank 银⾏存款24.money orders 汇票25.cash on band 库存现⾦26.accounts receivable 应收账款27.allowance for bad debts 坏账准备/doc/be38e1fd80eb6294dd886c5c.html realizable value 可变现净值29.inventory 存货30.finished goods 产成品31.semi-finished goods 半成品32.goods in process 在产品33.historical cost 历史成本34.specific identification 个别计价法35.first-in, first-out 先进先出法/doc/be38e1fd80eb6294dd886c5c.html st-in, first-out 后进先出法37.weighted average 加权平均法38.raw materials 原材料39.short-term investment 短期投资40.marketable securities 有价证券41.shareholder 股东42.bonds 债券43.debentures 债券44.long-term assets 长期资产45.fixed assets 固定资产46.intangible assets ⽆形资产47.deferred assets 递延资产/doc/be38e1fd80eb6294dd886c5c.html eful life 使⽤寿命49.depreciation 折旧50.depreciable amount 应计折旧额51.depreciation method 折旧⽅法52.estimated net residual value 预计净残值53.straight-line method 直线法54.units of production method ⼯作量法55.double declining balance method 双倍余额递减法56.sum-of-the-years-digits method 年数总和法57.amortization 摊销58.impairment 减值59.current liabilities 流动负债60.accounts payable 应付账款61.notes payable 应付票据62.unearned revenue 预收账款63.income taxes payable 应交所得税64.contingent liabilities 或有负债65.long-term liabilities 长期负债66.bonds payable 应付债券67.ownership 所有权68.sole proprietorship 独资企业69.partnership 合伙企业70.corporation 公司/doc/be38e1fd80eb6294dd886c5c.html mon shareholders 普通股股东72.preferred shareholders 优先股股东/doc/be38e1fd80eb6294dd886c5c.html mon stock 普通股74.preferred stock 优先股75.dividends 股利76.retained earnings 留存收益77.paid-in capital 实收资本78.capital stock 股本79.addtional paid-in capital 附加投⼊资本80.capital surplus 资本公积81.undistributed profit 未分配利润82.par value ⾯值83.fair value 公允价值84.reserve fund 盈余公积85.legal reserve 法定盈余86.stock split 股利分割87.cash dividends 现⾦股利88.stock dividends 股票股利89.sales revenue 销售收⼊90.service revenue 劳务收⼊91.product costs 产品成本92.direct material costs 直接材料成本93.direct labor costs 直接⼈⼯成本94.indirect costs 间接成本95.manufacturing overhead 制造费⽤96.period expenses 期间费⽤97.operating expense 营业费⽤98.administrative expense 管理费⽤99.finance expense 财务费⽤100.balance sheet 资产负债表101.income statement 利润表/损益表102.cash flow statement 现⾦流量表⼆、填空1. The accounting elements include , , , , , and .2. Liabilities are of a business.3. Borrowing cash from a bank does not belong to ; it simply belongs to liability.4. Profit is the of revenue over expenses for the accounting period.5. The accounting equation is : = + .6.“Dr.” stands for debits ,while “Cr.” is the abbreviation for .7. Liability, owner`s equity, revenue and profit decreases are recorded as .8. Short-term investments refer to various of .9. Marketable securities include and to be realized within one year from the balance sheet date and shall be accounted for at cost.10. Depreciation refers to the systematic allocation of the of a fixed asset over its useful life.11. The four common depreciation methods are .12. shall be employed when it is assumed that an asset`s economic revenue is the same each year, and the repair and maintenance cost is also the same for each period.13. When depreciation is mainly due to wear and tear, are usually used.14. The two types of intangible assets are finite and intangibles.15. Please name five most commonly seen intangibles , i.e., , , , , and .16. Intangible assets do not include internally generated , and .17. Intangible assets should be measured initially at .18. For intangible assets with finite useful lives enterprises shall consider their while intangible assets with indefinite useful lives shall not be amortized.19. The account of should be decreased when the service paid for in advancehas been provided.20. The account of should be recorded when the business purchased supplies on credit.21. The account of used to show what the business owes the bank.22. A corporation`s balance sheet contains assets, liabilities, and .23. and are the two common capital stocks issued by a corporation.24. and are the usual forms of distribution to share holders.25. A is a proportional distribution to shareholders of additional shares of the corporation`s common or preferred stocks.26. represents the corporation`s accumulated net income, less accumulated dividends and other amounts transferred to paid-in capital accounts.三、单选1. Matching each of the following statements with its poper term.(1) accounts receivable ( )(2) dishonored notes receivable ( )(3) allowance method ( )(4) direct write-off method ( )A. The method of accounting for un-collectible accounts that provides an expense for un-collectible receivables in advance of their write-off.B. A receivable created by selling merchandise or service on credit.C. A note that maker fails to pay on the due date.D. The method of accounting for un-collectible accounts that recognizes the expense only when accounts are judged to be worthless.2. At the end of the fiscal year, accounts receivable has a balance of $100000 and allowance for doubtful accounts has a balance of $7000, The expected net realizable value of the accounts receivable is ( )A. $7000B. $93000C. $100000D. $1070003. If merchandise inventory is being valued at cost and the price level is steadily rising, the method of costing that will yield the higher net income is ( )A.LIFOB.FIFOC.AverageD.Periodic4. Given the following information, which of the following accounting transactions is true?( )Gross payroll $20000Federal income tax withheld $4000Social security tax withheld $1600A. $1600 is recorded as salary expense.B. $14400 is recorded as salary payableC. The $1600 deducted for employee social security tax belongs to the companyD. Payroll is an example of an estimated liability5.If a corporation has outstanding 1000 shares of $9 cumulative preferred stock of $100 par and dividends have been passed for the preceding three years, what is the amount of preferred dividends that must be declared in the current year before a dividend can be declared on common stock?( )A. $9000B. $27000C. $36000D. $450006. All of the following are reasons for purchasing treasury stock except to ( )A. make a market for the stockB. increase the number of shareholdersC. increase the earnings per share and return on equityD. give employee as compensation7. Paid-in capital for a corporation may arise from which of the following sources?( )A. Issuing cumulative preferred stockB. Receiving donations of real estateC. Selling the corporation`s treasury stockD. All of the above8. Under the equity method, the investment account is decreased by all of the following except the investor`s proportionate share of ( )A. dividends paid by the investeeB. declines in the fair value of the investmentC. the losses of the investeeD. all of the options9. Cash dividends are paid on the basis of the number of shares ( )A. authorizedB. issuedC. OutstandingD. outstanding less the number of treasury shares10. The stockholders` equity section of the balance sheet may include ( )A. common stockB. preferred stockC. donated capitalD. all of the above11. Declaration and issuance of a dividend in stock ( )A. increases the current ratioB. decreases the amount of working capitalC. decreases total stockholders` equityD. has no effect on total assets, liabilities, or stockholders` equity12. If a corporation reacquires its own stock, the stock is listed on the balance sheet in the ( )A. current assets sectionB. long term liability sectionC. stockholders` equity sectionD. investments section13. A corporation has issued 25000 shares of $100 par common stock and holds 3000 of these shares as treasury stock. If the corporation declares a $2 per share cash dividend, what amount will be recorded as cash dividend?( )A. $22000B. $2500014. A company declared a cash dividend on its common stock on December 15, 2004, payable on January 12, 2005. How would this dividend affect shareholders` equity on the following dates? ( ) December 15, January 122004 2005A. Decrease. Decrease.B. No effect. No effect.C. No effect. No effect.D. Decrease. Decrease.15. An example of a cash flow from an operating activity is ( )A. the receipt of cash from issuing stockB. the receipt of cash from issuing bondsC. the payment of cash for dividendsD. the receipt of cash from customers on account16. An example of a cash flow from an investing activity is ( )A. the receipt of cash from the sale of equipmentB. the receipt of cash from issuing bondsC. the payment of cash for dividendsD. the payment of cash to acquire treasury stock17. An example of a cash flow from a financing activity is ( )A. the receipt of cash from customers on accountB. the receipt of cash from the sale of equipmentC. the payment of cash for dividendsD. the payment of cash to acquire marketable securities18. A receivable created by selling merchandise or services on credit. ( )A. accounts receivableB. dishonored notes payableC. allowance methodD. direct write-off method19. At the end of the fiscal year, accounts receivable has a balance of $100000 and allowance for doubtful accounts has a balance of $7000. The expected net realizable value of the accounts receivable is ( )A. $7000B. $93000C. $100000D. $10700020.( ) are valuable resources owned by the entity.C. EquityD. None of them21. Which is intangible asset ( )A. internally generated goodwillB. internally generated publishing titlesC. franchises and licenseD. internally generated brands22.( ) shall be employed when it is assumed that an asset`s economic revenue is the same each year, and the repair and maintenance cost is also the same for each period.A. straight-line methodB. units of production methodC. double declining balance methodD. sum-of-the-years-digits(SYD) method四、判断1. Fixed assets are intangible assets. ( )2. Internally generated goodwill can be viewed as intangible assets. ( )3. Land doesn`t need depreciation and is considered to have an infinite life. （）4. Fixed assets are usually subjected to depreciation. ( )5. Bonds and stocks are classified as intangible assets.( )6. Once the expected useful life and estimated net residual value are determined, they shall not be changed under any circumstances.( )7. When a corporation issues one type of capital stocks, common stocks are always issued. ( )8. Par value is strictly a legal matter, and it establishes the legal capital of a corporation. ( )9. The balance of the additional paid-in capital account represents a gain on the sale of stocks and increases net income. ( )10. A corporation must, by law, pay a dividend once a year. ( )11. Dividends are an expense of a corporation and should be charged to the periodic income. ( )12. Revenue increase owner`s equity. ( )13. Revenue is recognized when we receive cash from the buyers. ( )14. Advertising expense is usually collected as period expense. ( )15. Interest revenue should be measured based on the length of time. ( )16. If revenue exceed expenses for the same accounting period, the entity is deemed to suffera loss. ( )17. Asset = liabilities + Expense. ( )18. Liabilities are debts of a business. ( )19. Borrowing cash from a bank belongs to revenue. ( )20. Increase in asset is recorded in credit side. ( )21. When depreciation is mainly due to wear and tear, straight-line method shall be employed. ( )22. Bonds payable belong to current liabilities.( )23. All fixed assets are depreciable over their limited useful life.( )24. Fixed assets are intangible assets. ( )25. Internally generated goodwill can be viewed as intangible assets. ( )26. Land doesn`t need depreciation and is considered to have an infinite life. ( )五、翻译1. Accounting contains elements both of science and art. The important thing is that it is not merely a collection of arithmetical techniques but a set of complex processes depending on and prepared for people.2. Inventories refer to merchandise, finished goods, semi-finished goods, goods in process, and all kinds of materials, fuels, containers, low-value and perishable articles and so on that stocked for the purpose of sale, production or consumption during the production operational process, Inventories are normally accounted for at historical cost, as the cost principle requires. Normally, a company may account inventories under the following methods:(1)Specific identification (2)first-in, first-out(FIFO) (3)last-in, first-out(LIFO) (4)weighted average3. In contrast to current assets, long-term assets refer to those assets that will be realized or consumed within a period longer than one year of their acquisition, which are normally divided into fixed assets, intangible assets and deferred assets.Fixed assets refer to the assets whose useful life is over one year, unit value is above the prescribed criteria and where original physical form remains during the process of utilization.4. Depreciation is defined as the accounting process of systematically allocating the depreciable amount of a fixed asset over its useful life by a selected depreciation method. When calculating the depreciation expense of a fixed asset, an enterprise should consider its depreciable amount,estimated net residual value, estimated useful life, and the depreciation methods.5. The amount of retained earnings represents the cumulative net income of the firm since its beginning, less the total dividends that have been distributed to shareholders. It is important to note that retained earnings are not the assets, but the existence of retained earnings means that net assets generated by profitable operations have been kept in the company to help it grow or to meet other business needs. However, a credit balance in Retained Earnings does not mean that cash or any designated set of assets is directly associated with retained earnings. The fact that earnings have been retained means that net assets as a whole have been increased.6. In China, companies must provide “legal reserve.”Today in USA, appropriations of retained earnings are seldom seen on balance sheets.7. Revenue is the gross inflow of economic benefits arising in the course of the ordinary activities of an enterprise from such events as the sale of goods, the rendering of service and the use of enterprise by others. Revenue growth is an important indicator of the market reception of a company`s products and services.8. Sales revenue arises from the sale of goods.Service revenue arises from the rendering of services.9. Expenses refer to the outlays incurred by an enterprise in the course of production and operation. It means the outflows or other using up of assets or incurrence of liabilities during a period. According to the relationship with products, we can divide expenses into two categories: product costs and period expense.Product costs are directly related to the products, which are composed of direct material costs, direct labor costs and the indirect costs.10. Period expenses are not directly associated with products, but they are indispensable for generating the current revenue.11. A balance sheet is a summary of a company`s balances. Assets, liabilities and owner`s equity are listed as of a specific date, such as the end of its financial year. A balance sheet is often described as a snapshot of a company`s financial condition.12. The income statement is a financial statement that summarizes the results of a company`s operation by matching revenue and related expenses for a particular accounting period. It shows the net income or net loss. It is also called earnings statement, statement of operations, and profit and loss statement.13. The cash flow statement is a financial statement that reports the cash receipts and cash payments of an entity during a particular period. The term cash refers not only to the bills and coins we normally think of as cash, but also to cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are highly liquid short-term investment that can easily and quickly be converted into cash, usually with maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase.The cash flows of an entity usually come from cash flows from operating activities, cash flows from investing activities, and cash flows from financing activities.14. Assets are economic resources that are possessed or controlled by an enterprise to generate revenue to the enterprise. Assets of an enterprise are usually divided into the following categories: current assets, long-term investment, fixed assets, intangible assets and other assets. Current assets are assets that will be realized or consumed within one year or within an operating cycle. Typical current assets include cash, bank deposit, accounts receivables and so on. Cash is listed first of all current assets because it is the most liquid of all assets.15. Long-term liabilities are obligations of business that are due to be paid after one year or beyond the operating cycle, whichever is longer. Decisions related to long-term debt are critical because how a company finances its operations is the most important factor in the company`s long-term liability. The amount and type of debt a company incurs depends on many factors, including the nature of the business, its competitive environment, the state of the financial markets, and the predictability of its earnings.六、业务题1.（1）According to the above information, use weighted-average method and the ending inventory should be（2）According to the above information, use LIFO method, the most assigned to the sold should be（3）According to the above information, use FIFO method, the cost assigned to the sold should be（4）According to the above information, use LIFO method, the cost assigned to the ending inventory is2.(1)On June 5, K. Company purchased $6000 of inventory, paying cash.(2)On June 10, K. Company received $10000 of good sales.(3)On June 12, K. Company paid $5000 in salaries by bank deposit.(4)Bought office furniture from Simple Company on account, $30000(5)On June 30, K. Company paid $10000 to Simple Company on account.3. Record each transaction in the accompanying account of L & T Co.(1) Bought supplies on account for $600.(2) Bought equipment for $2700, paying one third down and owing the balance.(3) Gave a note in settlement of transaction (2).(4) Received $500 as an income.4. Record the following entries in the general journal for Stephens Cleaning Company.(1) Invested $10000 cash in the business.(2) Paid $2000 for office furniture.(3) Bought equipment costing $6000 on account.(4) Received $2200 in cleaning income.(5) Paid a quarter of the amount owed on the equipment.5.(1)Accounting to the following information, use weighted-average method and the ending inventory should be(2)Using the information from question(1), the LIFO method, the cost assigned to the ending inventory is6.Assuming that net purchase cost $250000 during the year and that the ending stock was $4000 less than the beginning stock of $30000, the cost of goods would be7. Emily started her business-Emily`s Bakery. The transaction in the year of 2008 are as follow.(1) Emily contributed $10000 in cash.(2) The company borrowed $3000 from a bank.(3) The company purchased equipment for $5000 cash.(4) The company performed service for $12000. The customer paid $8000 in cash and promised to pay the rest amount at a later date.(5) The company paid $9000 for expenses (wages, interest and maintenance)(6) The company paid dividend of $1000.The balance sheet of Emily`s bakeryDecember31, 2008Current Assets Current LiabilitiesLong-term Assets Long-term LiabilitiesOwner`s equityTotal Assets Total Liabilities and Owner`s Equity七、例题1.1 During the month of January, Ted Lott, a lawyer(1) Invested $8000 to open his practice.(2)Bought office supplies (stationery, forms, pencils, and so on)for cash, $700.(3) Bought several pieces of office furniture from Ferraro Furniture Company on account, $2000.(4) Receive $3500 in service fees earned during the month.(5) Paid office rent for January, $600.(6) Paid salary for part-time help, $800.(7) Paid $1600 to Ferraro Furniture Company on account.(8) After taking inventory at the end of the month, Lott found that he had used $200 worth of supplies.(9) Withdrew $470 for personal use.2.1 ABC Company had the following transaction in 2007.(1) Recognized $5000 of sales revenue earned on account.(2) Collected $3000 cash from accounts receivable.(3) Recognized $500 of bad debt expense for accounts receivable that are expected to be un-collectible in the future.2.3 Assume that ABC Company is a listed company. Simple buys 10000 shares of ABC Company`s common stock in New York Securities Exchange on November 1, 2007, at the price of $20 per share.2.4 (1) Assume that, on March 15, 2008, ABC company declared that they decided to give dividends at S3 per common stock. Thus, Simple Company would receive $30000 of dividend. At this time the cash was not given but an accounting record was requested.(2) On April, Simple Company received $30000 of cash dividend. So they need a new accounting record.4.1 Simple Company buys goods for $50000 on credit. The journal entry in Simple Company`s accounting records for this transaction.4.2 (1) On March 1, Simple Company borrows $40000 from its bank for a period of six months at an annual interest rate of 10%. Six months later on September 1, Simple Company will have to pay the bank the principal amount of $40000 plus $2000 interest. As an evidence of this loan, the bank requires Simple Company to issue a note payable. The journal entry in Simple Company`s accounting records for this March 1 borrowing is as follow.(2) Borrowed $40000 for six months at 10% interest per year.(3) The entry on September 1 to record payment of the note will be as follow.4.3 (1) Simple Company signed up a contract with another company to perform services. Simple Company received an advanced cash payment in the amount of $20000 and the term of the contract was one month. The transaction acts to increase assets (cash) and liabilities (unearned revenue). The journal entry in Simple Company`s accounting records for this transaction is as follow.(2) At this time, Simple Company received cash but didn`t perform the services. So the cash of $20000 was not the real revenue. Only when Simple Company performed the services, a new journal entry would be made in the follow.4.4 Bonds issued at a discountAssume that ABC Company plans to issue $1000000 face value of 10%, 10-year bonds. At the issuance date of May 1, the going market rate of interest is slightly above 10% and the bonds sell at a market price of only $950. The issuance of the bonds will be recorded by the following entry.4.5 In this example, the discount on bonds payable has a beginning debit balance of $50000. Each year $5000 will be amortized into Bond Interest Expense.Assuming that the interest payment dates are October 31 and April 30, the entries to be made each six months to record bond interest expense are as follow.(1) Paid semi-annual interest on $1000000 of 10%, 10-year bonds.(2) Amortized discount for six months on 10-year bond issue ($50000/20=$2500)5.1On January 1, Joan Adams and Richard Brown decide to form a partnership by consolidating their two retail stores. A capital account will be opened for each partner and credited, with the agreed valuation of the net assets that the partner contributes. The journal entries to open the accounts of the partnership of Adams and Brown are as follow.(1) To record the investment by Joan Adams in the partnership of Adams and Brown.(2) To record the investment by Richard Brown in the partnership of Adams and Brown.(3) After six months of operation the firm is in need of more cash, and the partners make additional investments of $10000 each on July 1. These additional investments are credited to the capital accounts as shown below.5.3 Adams and Brown have agreed to share profits equally. Assuming that the partnership earns net income of $60000 in the first year of operations, the entry to close the income summary account is as follow.(1) To divide net income for the year in accordance with partnership agreement to share profits equally.The next step in closing the accounts is to transfer the balance of each partner`s drawing account to his capital account. Assuming that withdrawals during the year amounted to $24000 for Adams and $16000 for Brown, the entry at December 31 to close the drawing accounts is as follow.(2) To transfer debit balances in partner`s drawing accounts to their respective capital accounts.5.4 The issuance of 100000 shares of common stock, par $1, for cash of $1.2 per share would be recorded as follow.5.5 Assume that a corporation issues 10000 shares of no-par common stock at $40 a share and ata later date issues 1000 additional shares at $36. The entries to record the no-par stock are as follow.(1) Issued 10000 shares of no-par common stock at $40.(2) Issued 1000 shares of no-par common stock at $36.5.6 Assume that a corporation has a balance of $300000 in retained earnings and 50000 shares of $10 par value common stock. The current fair market value of its stock is $15 per share.(1) If the corporation declares a 10% stock dividend, the entry to record this transaction at the declaration and payment date is as follow.(2) If the corporation declares a 40% stock dividend, the entry to record this transaction at the declaration and payment date is as follow.5.7 Assume that on December 1,2005, the directors of A corporation declare a 40 cents per share cash dividend on 100000 shares of $10 par value common stock. The dividend is $40000 (100000*0.4).(1) the entry to record the declaration is as follow.(2) At the end of the year, the dividends account is closed to retained earnings by the following entry.⼋、附加题1.Whether an account is to be debited or credited depends on the accounting elements. By convention, increases in assets and expenses are recorded as debits, whereas increases in liability, owner`s equity, revenue and profit are recorded as credits. Assets and expense decreases are recorded as credits, whereas liability, owner`s equity, revenue and profit decreases are recorded as debits.2.In an accounting system, a separate account is designated for each asset, each liability, and each component of owner`s equity, including revenues and expenses. That`s to say, accounts are grouped according to accounting elements. These groups of accounts are called the ledger.3. The chart of accounts is a listing of the accounts by title and number. Assets and liability accounts are arranged according to their liquidity. While income, expense and owner`s equity accounts are listed according to their importance.4.A business`s accounts receivable are the amounts that its customers owe it and these accounts receivable are sometimes called trade creditors.Allowance for bad debts is the estimated amount of accounts receivable that will not be collected.The net realizable value is the amount that a company is actually expecting to get in the future. Net realizable = accounts receivable — allowance for bad debts4. Short-term investments refer to various marketable securities, which can be realized at any time and will be held less thana year, as well as other investment with a life of no longer thana year.。
会计专业英语
资料范本本资料为word版本，可以直接编辑和打印，感谢您的下载会计专业英语地点：__________________时间：__________________说明：本资料适用于约定双方经过谈判，协商而共同承认，共同遵守的责任与义务，仅供参考，文档可直接下载或修改，不需要的部分可直接删除，使用时请详细阅读内容words and phrases 残值 scrip value分期付款 installmentconcern 企业reversing entry 转回分录找零 change报销 turn overpast due 过期inflation 通货膨胀on account 赊账miscellaneous expense 其他费用charge 收费汇票 draft权益 equityaccrual basis 应计制retained earnings 留存收益trad-in 易新，以旧换新in transit 在途collection 托收款项资产 assetproceeds 现值报销 turn overdishonor 拒付utility expenses 水电费outlay 花费IOU 欠条Going-concern concept 持续经营运费 freightMultiple-choice question1.Which of the following does not describe accounting? ( C )A. Language of businessB. Useful ofr decision makingC. Is an end rathe than a means to an end.ed by business, government, nonprofit organizations, and individuals.2.An objective of financial reporting is to ( B )A. Assess the adequacy of internal control.B.Provide information useful for investor decisions.C.Evaluate management results compared with standards.D.Provide information on compliance with established procedures.3.Which of the following statements is(are) correct?( B )A.Accumulated depreciation represents a cash fund being accumulated for the replacement of plant assets.B.A company may use different depreciation methods in its financial statements and its income tax return.C.The cost of a machine includes the cost of repairing damage to the machine during the installation process.D.The use of an accelerated depreciation method causes an asset to wear out more quickly than does use of the unit-of-product method.4. Which of the following is(are) correct about a company’s balance sheet? ( B )A.It displays sources and uses of cash for the period.B.It is an expansion of the basic accounting equationC.It is not sometimes referred to as a statement of financial position.D.It is unnecessary if both an income statement and statement of cash flows are availabe.5.Objectives of financial reporting to external investors and creditors include preparing information about all of the following except. ( A )rmation used to determine which products to poducermation about economic resources, claims to those resources, and changes in both resources and claims.rmation that is useful in assessing the amount, timing, and uncertainty of future cash flows.rmation that is useful in making ivestment and credit decisions.6.Each of the following measures strengthens internal controlover cash receipts except. ( C )A.The use of a petty cash fund.B.Preparation of a dailylisting of all checks received through the mail.C.The use of cash registers.D.The deposit of cash receipts in the bank on a daily basis.7.The primary purpose for using an inventory flow assumption is to. ( A )A.Offset against revenue an appropriate cost of goods sold.B.Parallel the physical flow of units of merchandise.C.Minimize income taxes.D.Maximize the reported amount of net income.8.In general terms, financial assets appear in the balance sheet at. ( B )A.Current valueB.Face valueC.CostD.Estimated future sales value.9.If the going-concem assumption is no longer valid for a company except. ( C )nd held as an ivestment would be valued at its liquidation value.B.All prepaid assets would be completely written off immediately.C.Total contributed capital and retained earnings would remain unchanged.D.The allowance for uncollectible accounts would be eliminated.10.Which of the following explains the debit and credit rules relating to the recording of revenue and expenses?( C )A.Expenses appear on the left side of the balance sheet and are recorded by debits;revenue appears on the right side of the balance sheet and is reoorded by credits.B. Expenses appear on the left side of the income statement and are recorded by debits; Revenue appears on the right side of the income statement and is recorded by credits.C.The effects of revenue and expenses on owners’ equity.D.The realization principle and the matching principle.11.Which of the following statements is(are) correct?( B )A.Accumulated depreciation represents a cash fund being accumulated for the replacement of plant assets.B.The cost of a machine do not includes the cost of repairing damage to the machine during the installation prcess.C.A company may use same depreciation methods in its finacial statements and its income tax return.D.The use of an accelerated depreciation method causes an asset to wear out more quickly than does use of the straight-line method.12.A set of financial statements ( B ) except.A.Is intended to assist users in evaluating the financial position, profitability, and future prospects of an entity.B.Is intended to assist the Intemal Revenue Service in detemining the amount of income taxes owed by a business organization.C.Includes notes disclosing information necessary for the proper interpretation of the statements.D.Is intended to assist investors and creditors in making decisions inventory the allocation of economic resources.13.The primary purpose for using an inventory flow assumption is to. ( B )A.Parallel the physical flow of units of merchandise.B.Offset against revenue an appropriate cost of goods soldC.Minimize income taxes.D.Maximize the reported amount of net income.14.Indicate all correct answers. In the accounting cycle. ( D )A.Transactions are posted before they are journalized.B.A trial balance is prepared after journal entries haven’t been posted.C.The Retained Earnings account is not shown as an up-to-date figure in the trial balance.D.Joumal entries are posted to appropriate ledger accounts.15.According to text, Objectives of Financial Reporting by Business Enterprises. ( D )A.Extemal users have the ability to prescribe information they want.rmation is always based on exact measures.C.Financial reporting is usually based on industries or the economy as a whole.D.Financial accounting does not directly measure the value of a business enterprise.16.Indicate all correct answers. Dividends except ( A )A.Decrease owners’ equi ty.B.Decrease net incomeC.Are recorded by debiting the Cash accountD.Are a business expense17.Which of the following practices contributes to efficient cash management? ( C )A.Never borrow money-maintain a cash balance sufficient to make all necessary payments.B.Record all cash receipts and cash payments at the end of the month when reconciling the bank statements.C.Prepare monthly forecasts of planned cash receipts, payments, and anticipated cash balances up to a year in advance.D.Pay each bill as soon as the invoice arrives.18.Which of the following would you expect to find in a correctly prepared income statement? ( A )A.Revenues earned during the period.B.Cash balance at the end of the period.C.Contributions by the owner during the period.D.Expenses incurred during the next period to earn revenues.19.Which of the following are important factors in ensuring the integrity of accounting information? ( D )A.Institutional factors, such as standards for preparing information.B.Professional organizations, such as the American Institute of CPAs.petence’ judgment’ and ethical behavior of individual accountants’D.All of the above.Practices11.On Jan.1, 2000, Mark Co, acquired equipment to use in its operations. The equipment has an estimated useful life of 10 years and an estimated salvage value of $5,000. The depreciation applicable to this equipment was $40,000 for 2000, calculated under the sum-of –the-years’ –digits method. Required: Determine the acquisition cost of the equipment. ( C )A.$210,000B.$250,000C.$225.000D.$200,0002. On Jan.2, 2002, Mark Co, acquired equipment to use in its operations. The equipment has an estimated useful life of 10 years and an estimated salvage value of $5,000. The depreciation applicable to this equipment was $24,000 for 2004, calculated under the sum-of –the-years’ –digits method (4%). Required: Determine the acquisition cost of the equipment. ( C )A.$220,000B.$250,000C.$224.000D.$200,0003. October 1, 2005, Coast Financial Ioaned Bart Corporation $3000,000, receiving in exchange a nine-month, 12 percent note receivable. Coast ends its fiscal year on December 31 and makes adjusting entries to accrue interest earned on all notes receivable.The interest earned on the note receivable from Bart Corporation during 2006 will amount to. ( A )A.$9,000B.$18,000C.$27.000D.$36,000Question: What is the reconciled balance? ( B )A.$4,187B.$4,085C.$4,090D.$4,000Required: Choose the reconciled balance. ( D )A.$3,220B.$3,250C.$3,200D.$3,225Required:Calculate the cost of goods available for sale(C)A.$475,000B.$474,000C.$470,000D.$473,000Required: Calculate the cost of goods sold ( D )A.$225,000B.$254,000C.$250,000D.$253,0008.At the end of the current year, the accounts receivable account has a debit balance of $60,000 and net sales for the year total $100,000. The allowance account before adjunstment has adebit balance of a $500, and uncollectible accounts expense is estimated at 1% of net sales. Question: The entry for the above bad debts is ( A )A.Dr. Bad Debt Accts. $1,500B.Dr. Bad Debt Accts. $500Cr. Allowance Doubtful Accts. $1,500 Cr. Allowance Doubtful Accts. $500C. Dr. Bad Debt Accts. $1,000D. Dr. Bad Debt Accts. $1,500Cr. Accts Rec. $1,000 Cr. Accts Rec. $1,5009.The balance sheet items to The Oven Bakery(arranged in alphabetical order)were as follows at August 1,2005.(You are to compute the missing figure for retained earnings.)(4%)REQUIRED:Find Retained earnings at August 1 2005(D)A.$420,000B.$44,000C.$40,000D.$48,000Practices2Sue began a public accounting practice and completed these transactions during first month of the current year.Required: Choose the entries to record the following transactons.1.Invested $50,000 cash in a public accounting practice begunthis day. ( A )A.Dr. Cash $50,000B.Dr. Capital Stock $50,000Cr. Capital Stock $50,000 Cr. Cash $50,0002.Paid cash for three monts’ of fice rent in advance $900(B)A.Dr. Rent Exp. $900B.Dr. Prepaid Rent $900Cr. Cash $900 Cr. Cash $9003.Paid the premium on two insurance policies, $300. ( )A.Dr. Prepaid Insurance $300B.Dr. Insurance Exp $300Cr. Cash $300 Cr. Cash $300pleted accounting work for Sun Bank on credit $1000. ( A )A.Dr. Accts Rec $1000B.Dr. Cash $1000Cr.Accounting Revenue $1000 Cr.Accounting Revenue $10005.Paid the monthly utility bills of the accounting office $300 ( A )A.Dr Utility Exp $300B.Dr office Exp $300Cr. Cash $300 Cr. Cash $300Linda began a public accounting practice and completed these transactons during first month of the current year.Required: Choose the entries to record the following transactons.6.Invested $20,000 cash in a public accounting practice begunthis day. ( A )A.Dr Cash $20,00B.Dr Capital Stock $20,000Cr. Capital Stock $20,000 Cr. Cash $20,007.Paid cash for three months’ office rent in advance $1200.( B )A.Dr. Rent Exp $1200B.Dr. Prepaid Rent $1200Cr. Cash $1200 Cr. Cash $12008.Purchased offfice supplies $100 and office equipment $2,000 on credit. ( B )A.Dr. Office Equipment $2,000B.Dr.Office Equipment$2,000Office Supplies $100 Office Supplies $100Cr. Accts Rec. $2,100 Cr.Accts Pay. $2,100pleted accounting work for Jack Hall and collected $2000 cash therefore. ( B )A.Dr. Accts Rec $2000B.Dr. Cash $2000Cr.Accounting Revenue $2000 Cr.Accounting Revenue $200010.Purchase additional office equipment on credit $2500.( A )A.Dr.Office equipment $2500B.Dr. Office equipment $2500Cr.Accts Pay $2500 Cr.Accts Rec $2500Translation:1)The mechanics of double-entry accounting are such that every transaction is recorded in the debit side of one or more accounts and in the credit side of one or more accounts with equal debits and credits. Such form of combination is called accounting entry. Wherethere are only two accounts affected. 2)the debit and credit amounts are equal. If more than two accounts are affceted, the total of the debit entries must equal the total of the credit entries. The double-entry accounting is used by virtually every business organization, regardl ess of whether the company’s accounting records are maintained manually or by computer.1.The mechanics of double-entry accounting.( B )A.会计两次记账的制度B.复式记账机制C.会计的重复记账体制2.the debit and credit amounts are equal. ( A )A.借方金额与贷方金额是相等的B.借出金额与贷款金额是相等的C.借入金额与贷款金额是相等的Most accounting methods are based on the assumption that the business enterprise will have a long life. Experience indicatesthat.1)inspite of numerous business failures, companies have a fairly high continuance rate. Accountants do not believe that business firms will last indefinitely, but they do expect them to last long enouthto2)fulfill their objectives and commitments.3.in spite of numerous business failures, companies have a fairly high continuance rate. ( B )A.可惜有许多企业失败,但公司仍有较高的持续经营比率。
会计知识点总结小学英语
会计知识点总结小学英语1. What is Accounting?Accounting is the process of recording and analyzing financial transactions, as well as preparing financial statements such as the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. It provides vital information to stakeholders such as investors, creditors, and management to assess the financial performance and position of a business or organization.2. The Accounting EquationThe accounting equation, also known as the balance sheet equation, is the foundation of double-entry accounting. It states that assets equal liabilities plus equity. This means that the resources owned by a business (assets) are financed by either borrowing money (liabilities) or investing money from the owner (equity).3. Types of AccountsIn accounting, there are five main types of accounts:- Assets: These are resources owned by the business, such as cash, inventory, and equipment.- Liabilities: These are obligations or debts owed by the business, such as loans, accounts payable, and bonds.- Equity: This represents the owner's investment in the business and the retained earnings. - Revenue: This is the income generated from the primary activities of the business, such as sales and services.- Expenses: These are the costs incurred in running the business, such as rent, utilities, and wages.4. Debits and CreditsIn double-entry accounting, every transaction affects at least two accounts, with one account being debited and the other being credited. Debits and credits must always balance, meaning that the total debits must equal the total credits. Debits increase assets and expenses, while they decrease liabilities and equity. On the other hand, credits decrease assets and expenses, while they increase liabilities and equity.5. Financial StatementsThe financial statements are the end result of the accounting process, and they provide a snapshot of the financial performance and position of a business. The three main financial statements are:- Balance Sheet: This shows the assets, liabilities, and equity of a business at a specific point in time.- Income Statement: This shows the revenue and expenses of a business over a period, resulting in the net income or net loss.- Cash Flow Statement: This shows the cash inflows and outflows from operating, investing, and financing activities, and it helps to assess the cash position of a business.6. Accounting PrinciplesThere are several accounting principles that guide the preparation of financial statements and ensure consistency and accuracy in financial reporting. Some of the key accounting principles include:- Going Concern: This principle assumes that a business will continue to operate indefinitely, which allows assets to be valued at their historical cost rather than their liquidation value.- Revenue Recognition: This principle dictates when and how to record revenue, such as when it is earned and realizable.- Matching Principle: This principle requires that expenses should be recognized in the same period as the revenue they help generate, ensuring that the income statement accurately reflects the profitability of the business.7. Importance of AccountingAccounting is important for several reasons:- It provides crucial information for decision-making, such as whether to invest in a business or grant a loan.- It helps to monitor the financial performance and position of a business, enabling management to make informed decisions for growth and profitability.- It ensures compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, such as tax laws and financial reporting standards.In conclusion, accounting is an essential part of the business world, and it is important for students to understand its basic concepts and principles. By learning about accounting, students can gain a better understanding of financial literacy and develop the skills needed to manage their own finances in the future.。
会计英语专业词汇精选Word版
帐目名词一、资产类Assets流动资产Current assets货币资金Cash and cash equivalents现金Cash银行存款Cash in bank其他货币资金Other cash and cash equivalents外埠存款Other city Cash in bank银行本票Cashier''s cheque银行汇票Bank draft信用卡Credit card信用证保证金L/C Guarantee deposits存出投资款Refundable deposits短期投资Short-term investments股票Short-term investments - stock债券Short-term investments - corporate bonds基金Short-term investments - corporate funds其他Short-term investments - other短期投资跌价准备Short-term investments falling price reserves应收款Account receivable应收票据Note receivable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance应收股利Dividend receivable应收利息Interest receivable应收账款Account receivable其他应收款Other notes receivable坏账准备Bad debt reserves预付账款Advance money应收补贴款Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable库存资产Inventories物资采购Supplies purchasing原材料Raw materials包装物Wrappage低值易耗品Low-value consumption goods材料成本差异Materials cost variance自制半成品Semi-Finished goods库存商品Finished goods商品进销差价Differences between purchasing and selling price委托加工物资Work in process - outsourced委托代销商品Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis受托代销商品Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis 存货跌价准备Inventory falling price reserves分期收款发出商品Collect money and send out the goods by stages待摊费用Deferred and prepaid expenses 长期投资Long-term investment长期股权投资Long-term investment on stocks股票投资Investment on stocks其他股权投资Other investment on stocks长期债权投资Long-term investment on bonds债券投资Investment on bonds其他债权投资Other investment on bonds长期投资减值准备Long-term investments depreciation reserves股权投资减值准备Stock rights investment depreciation reserves债权投资减值准备Bcreditor''s rights investment depreciation reserves委托贷款Entrust loans本金Principal利息Interest减值准备Depreciation reserves固定资产Fixed assets房屋Building建筑物Structure机器设备Machinery equipment运输设备Transportation facilities工具器具Instruments and implement累计折旧Accumulated depreciation固定资产减值准备Fixed assets depreciation reserves房屋、建筑物减值准备Building/structure depreciation reserves机器设备减值准备Machinery equipment depreciation reserves工程物资Project goods and material专用材料Special-purpose material专用设备Special-purpose equipment预付大型设备款Prepayments for equipment为生产准备的工具及器具Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate 在建工程Construction-in-process安装工程Erection works在安装设备Erecting equipment-in-process技术改造工程Technical innovation project大修理工程General overhaul project在建工程减值准备Construction-in-process depreciation reserves固定资产清理Liquidation of fixed assets无形资产Intangible assets专利权Patents非专利技术Non-Patents商标权Trademarks, Trade names著作权Copyrights土地使用权Tenure商誉Goodwill无形资产减值准备Intangible Assets depreciation reserves专利权减值准备Patent rights depreciation reserves商标权减值准备trademark rights depreciation reserves未确认融资费用Unacknowledged financial charges待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income待处理流动资产损溢Wait deal intangible assets loss or income待处理固定资产损溢Wait deal fixed assets loss or income二、负债类Liability短期负债Current liability短期借款Short-term borrowing应付票据Notes payable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance应付账款Account payable预收账款Deposit received代销商品款Proxy sale goods revenue应付工资Accrued wages应付福利费Accrued welfarism应付股利Dividends payable应交税金Tax payable应交增值税value added tax payable进项税额Withholdings on VAT已交税金Paying tax转出未交增值税Unpaid VAT changeover减免税款Tax deduction销项税额Substituted money on VAT出口退税Tax reimbursement for export进项税额转出Changeover withnoldings on VAT出口抵减内销产品应纳税额Export deduct domestic sales goods tax 转出多交增值税Overpaid VAT changeover未交增值税Unpaid VAT应交营业税Business tax payable应交消费税Consumption tax payable 应交资源税Resources tax payable应交所得税Income tax payable应交土地增值税Increment tax on land value payable应交城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building citiespayable应交房产税Housing property tax payable应交土地使用税Tenure tax payable应交车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license platetax(VVULPT) payable应交个人所得税Personal income tax payable其他应交款Other fund in conformity with paying其他应付款Other payables预提费用Drawing expense in advance其他负债Other liabilities待转资产价值Pending changerover assets value预计负债Anticipation liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities长期借款Long-term loans一年内到期的长期借款Long-term loans due within one year一年后到期的长期借款Long-term loans due over one year应付债券Bonds payable债券面值Face value, Par value债券溢价Premium on bonds债券折价Discount on bonds应计利息Accrued interest长期应付款Long-term account payable应付融资租赁款Accrued financial lease outlay一年内到期的长期应付Long-term account payable due within one year 一年后到期的长期应付Long-term account payable over one year专项应付款Special payable一年内到期的专项应付Long-term special payable due within one year 一年后到期的专项应付Long-term special payable over one year递延税款Deferral taxes三所有者权益类OWNERS'' EQUITY资本Capita实收资本(或股本) Paid-up capital(or stock)实收资本Paicl-up capital实收股本Paid-up stock已归还投资Investment Returned 公积资本公积Capital reserve资本(或股本)溢价Cpital(or Stock) premium接受捐赠非现金资产准备Receive non-cash donate reserve股权投资准备Stock right investment reserves拨款转入Allocate sums changeover in外币资本折算差额Foreign currency capital其他资本公积Other capital reserve盈余公积Surplus reserves法定盈余公积Legal surplus任意盈余公积Free surplus reserves法定公益金Legal public welfare fund储备基金Reserve fund企业发展基金Enterprise expension fund利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment利润Profits本年利润Current year profits利润分配Profit distribution其他转入Other chengeover in提取法定盈余公积Withdrawal legal surplus提取法定公益金Withdrawal legal public welfare funds提取储备基金Withdrawal reserve fund提取企业发展基金Withdrawal reserve for business expansion提取职工奖励及福利基金Withdrawal staff and workers'' bonus and welfare fund利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment应付优先股股利Preferred Stock dividends payable提取任意盈余公积Withdrawal other common accumulation fund 应付普通股股利Common Stock dividends payable转作资本(或股本)的普通股股利Common Stock dividends change to assets(or stock)未分配利润Undistributed profit四、成本类Cost生产成本Cost of manufacture基本生产成本Base cost of manufacture辅助生产成本Auxiliary cost of manufacture制造费用Manufacturing overhead材料费Materials管理人员工资Executive Salaries 奖金Wages退职金Retirement allowance补贴Bonus外保劳务费Outsourcing fee福利费Employee benefits/welfare会议费Coferemce加班餐费Special duties市内交通费Business traveling通讯费Correspondence电话费Correspondence水电取暖费Water and Steam税费Taxes and dues租赁费Rent管理费Maintenance车辆维护费Vehicles maintenance油料费Vehicles maintenance培训费Education and training接待费Entertainment图书、印刷费Books and printing运费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium支付手续费Commission杂费Sundry charges折旧费Depreciation expense机物料消耗Article of consumption劳动保护费Labor protection fees季节性停工损失Loss on seasonality cessation劳务成本Service costs五、损益类Profit and loss收入Income业务收入OPERATING INCOME主营业务收入Prime operating revenue产品销售收入Sales revenue服务收入Service revenue其他业务收入Other operating revenue材料销售Sales materials代购代售包装物出租Wrappage lease出让资产使用权收入Remise right of assets revenue 返还所得税Reimbursement of income tax其他收入Other revenue投资收益Investment income短期投资收益Current investment income长期投资收益Long-term investment income计提的委托贷款减值准备Withdrawal of entrust loans reserves 补贴收入Subsidize revenue国家扶持补贴收入Subsidize revenue from country其他补贴收入Other subsidize revenue营业外收入NON-OPERATING INCOME非货币性交易收益Non-cash deal income现金溢余Cash overage处置固定资产净收益Net income on disposal of fixed assets 出售无形资产收益Income on sales of intangible assets固定资产盘盈Fixed assets inventory profit罚款净收入Net amercement income支出Outlay业务支出Revenue charges主营业务成本Operating costs产品销售成本Cost of goods sold服务成本Cost of service主营业务税金及附加Tax and associate charge营业税Sales tax消费税Consumption tax城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities资源税Resources tax土地增值税Increment tax on land value5405 其他业务支出Other business expense销售其他材料成本Other cost of material sale其他劳务成本Other cost of service其他业务税金及附加费Other tax and associate charge费用Expenses营业费用Operating expenses代销手续费Consignment commission charge运杂费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium展览费Exhibition fees广告费Advertising fees管理费用Adminisstrative expenses 职工工资Staff Salaries修理费Repair charge低值易耗摊销Article of consumption办公费Office allowance差旅费Travelling expense工会经费Labour union expenditure研究与开发费Research and development expense福利费Employee benefits/welfare职工教育经费Personnel education待业保险费Unemployment insurance劳动保险费Labour insurance医疗保险费Medical insurance会议费Coferemce聘请中介机构费Intermediary organs咨询费Consult fees诉讼费Legal cost业务招待费Business entertainment技术转让费Technology transfer fees矿产资源补偿费Mineral resources compensation fees排污费Pollution discharge fees房产税Housing property tax车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) 土地使用税Tenure tax印花税Stamp tax财务费用Finance charge利息支出Interest exchange汇兑损失Foreign exchange loss各项手续费Charge for trouble各项专门借款费用Special-borrowing cost营业外支出Nonbusiness expenditure捐赠支出Donation outlay减值准备金Depreciation reserves非常损失Extraordinary loss处理固定资产净损失Net loss on disposal of fixed assets出售无形资产损失Loss on sales of intangible assets固定资产盘亏Fixed assets inventory loss债务重组损失Loss on arrangement罚款支出Amercement outlay所得税Income tax以前年度损益调整Prior year income adjustment1. 部门的称谓市场部Marketing销售部Sales Department （也有其它讲法，如宝洁公司销售部叫客户生意发展部CBD）客户服务Customer Service ，例如客服员叫CSR，R for representative人事部Human Resource行政部Admin.财务部Finance & Accounting产品供应Product Supply，例如产品调度员叫P S Planner2，人员的称谓助理Assistant秘书secretary前台接待小姐Receptionist文员clerk ，如会计文员为Accounting Clerk主任supervisor经理Manager总经理GM，General Manager入场费admission运费freight小费tip学费tuition价格，代价charge制造费用Manufacturing overhead材料费Materials管理人员工资Executive Salaries奖金Wages退职金Retirement allowance补贴Bonus外保劳务费Outsourcing fee福利费Employee benefits/welfare会议费Coferemce加班餐费Special duties市内交通费Business traveling通讯费Correspondence电话费Correspondence水电取暖费Water and Steam税费T axes and dues租赁费Rent管理费Maintenance车辆维护费Vehicles maintenance油料费Vehicles maintenance培训费Education and training接待费Entertainment图书、印刷费Books and printing运费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium支付手续费Commission杂费Sundry charges折旧费Depreciation expense机物料消耗Article of consumption劳动保护费Labor protection fees总监Director总会计师Finance Controller高级Senior 如高级经理为Senior Manager营业费用Operating expenses代销手续费Consignment commission charge运杂费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium展览费Exhibition fees广告费Advertising fees管理费用Adminisstrative expenses职工工资Staff Salaries修理费Repair charge低值易耗摊销Article of consumption办公费Office allowance差旅费Travelling expense工会经费Labour union expenditure研究与开发费Research and development expense 福利费Employee benefits/welfare职工教育经费Personnel education待业保险费Unemployment insurance劳动保险费Labour insurance医疗保险费Medical insurance会议费Coferemce聘请中介机构费Intermediary organs 咨询费Consult fees诉讼费Legal cost业务招待费Business entertainment技术转让费Technology transfer fees矿产资源补偿费Mineral resources compensation fees排污费Pollution discharge fees房产税Housing property tax车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) 土地使用税Tenure tax印花税Stamp tax财务费用Finance charge利息支出Interest exchange汇兑损失Foreign exchange loss各项手续费Charge for trouble各项专门借款费用Special-borrowing cost会计常用词汇accountant genaral 会计主任account balancde 结平的帐户account bill 帐单account books 帐account classification 帐户分类account current 往来帐account form of balance sheet 帐户式资产负债表account form of profit and loss statement 帐户式损益表account payable 应付帐款account receivable 应收帐款account of payments 支出表account of receipts 收入表account title 帐户名称，会计科目accounting year 或financial year 会计年度accounts payable ledger 应付款分类帐Accounting period（会计期间）are related to specific time periods ,typically one year（通常是一年)资产负债表：balance sheet 可以不大写b利润表：income statements (or statements of income)利润分配表：retained earnings现金流量表：cash flows国际会计术语英汉对照Account 帐户Accounting system 会计系统American Accounting Association 美国会计协会American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会Audit 审计Balance sheet 资产负债表Bookkeepking 簿记Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测Certificate in Internal Auditing 内部审计证书Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师Cost accounting 成本会计External users 外部使用者Financial accounting 财务会计Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会Financial forecast 财务预测Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则General-purpose information 通用目的信息Government Accounting Office 政府会计办公室Income statement 损益表Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会Integrity 整合性Internal auditing 内部审计Internal control structure 内部控制结构Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署Internal users 内部使用者Management accounting 管理会计Return of investment 投资回报Return on investment 投资报酬Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会Statement of cash flow 现金流量表Statement of financial position 财务状况表T ax accounting 税务会计Accounting equation 会计等式Articulation 勾稽关系Assets 资产Business entity 企业个体Capital stock 股本Corporation 公司Cost principle 成本原则Creditor 债权人Deflation 通货紧缩Disclosure 批露Expenses 费用Financial statement 财务报表Financial activities 筹资活动Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设Inflation 通货膨涨Investing activities 投资活动Liabilities 负债Negative cash flow 负现金流量Operating activities 经营活动Owner's equity 所有者权益Partnership 合伙企业Positive cash flow 正现金流量Retained earning 留存利润Revenue 收入Sole proprietorship 独资企业Solvency 清偿能力Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设Stockholders 股东Stockholders' equity 股东权益Window dressing 门面粉饰Account 帐会计: 支票用语支票薄cheque book支票陈票人cheque drawer持票人cheque holder不记名支票cheque to bearer/bearer cheque记名支票/认人支票cheque to order到期支票antedated cheque未到期支票postdated cheque保付支票certified cheque未获兑现支票，退票returned cheque横线支票crossed cheque普通横线general crossing特别横线special crossing空白支票blank cheque失效支票，过期支票stale cheque普通支票open cheque打10%折扣的10000元支票，（即9000元） a cheque for $10，000，less 10% discount 加10%费用的10000元支票，（即11000元） a cheque for $10，000，plus 10% charges 支票换现金/兑现to cash a cheque清理票款to clear a cheque保证兑现to certify a cheque填写支票数额to fill up a cheque支票上划线to cross a cheque开发支票to make out a cheque签发支票，开立支票to draw a cheque/to issue a cheque透支支票to overdraw a cheque 背书支票to endorse a cheque请付票款/清付票款to pay a cheque/to honour a cheque支票退票to dishonour a cheque拒付支票to refuse a cheque拒付支票to stop payment of a cheque提示要求付款to present for payment见票即付持票人payable to bearer支付指定人payable to order已过期/无效out of date/stale请给出票人R/D/refer to drawer存款不足N/S/N.S.F./not sufficient funds/I/F/insufficient funds文字与数字不一致words and figures differ支票交换时间已过account closed更改处应加盖印章alterations require initials交换时间已过effects not cleared停止付款payment stopped支票毁损cheque mutilated会计账目用语对账单，结单statement of account往来账户，活期存款账户，流通账account current经常账户current account销货账account sales两人共有之银行账户joint account应收[未清]账款；未付账单，未结算账目outstanding account贷方账项credit account借方账项debtor account应付账account payable应收账account receivable新交易||新账new account未决账||老账old account现金账cash account流水账running account暂记账||未定账suspense account逾期账款，过期未付账款||延滞账overdue account||pastdue account 杂项账户sundry account详细账单||明细表detail account坏账bad account会计项目title of account会计薄||账薄account-book营业报告书||损益计算表account of business||business report借贷细账||交验账account rendered明细账account stated与... 银行开立一户头to open an account with与……继续交易，与……有账务往来to keep account with继续记账to keep account 与……有交易to have an account with作成会计账||有往来账项to make out an account with清算||清理债务to make up an account与……停止交易to close one's account with结账to close an account请求付账to ask an account||to demand an account结清差额to balance the account with清算to settle an account||to liquidate an account||to square an account审查账目||监查账目to audit an account检查账目to examine an account转入A的账户to charge the amount to A's account先付…… to pay on account代理某人||为某人on one's account||on account of one为自己计算||独立账目on one's own account由某人收益并负风险on one's account and risk||for one's account and risk由某人负担for one's account||for account of one按某人指示||列入某人账户by order and for account of one列入5月份账目for May account报账render an account销售费用明细表(中/英)会外工02表附表单位：元行次本年计划本月实际上年实际项目实际工资折旧费修理费物料消耗低值易耗品摊销办公费差旅费销售佣金代销手续费运输费装卸费包装费保险费广告费租赁费销售服务费其他合计★本信息仅供参考。