石油钻机转盘惯性刹车装置

应用技术石油钻机转盘惯性刹车装置*高龙岗 张 福(宝鸡石油机械有限责任公司)摘要 针对石油钻机转盘采用气胎离合器惯性刹车存在的刹车力矩小、响应速度慢等问题,开发了一种钳盘式惯性刹车装置。

该装置主要由连接法兰、刹车盘、刹车钳、支撑架、加力泵、液气管线和比例控制阀等组成。

现已生产100多套,其良好的控制、使用性能得到用户的一致肯定。

随着研究工作的深入,钳盘式惯性刹车装置将在我国石油钻机上得到更广泛的应用。

关键词 石油钻机转盘 钳盘式惯性刹车装置 刹车钳 刹车盘0 引 言惯性刹车作为石油钻机转盘钻井的一个重要组成部分,其主要功能是钻机转盘停转过程中,能够迅速安全地制动转盘。

多年来,石油钻机转盘使用的惯性刹车一直为气胎式。

气胎式惯性刹车受其自身气囊体积等结构形式的影响,实际工作中,由于气囊在充气达到所需压力并产生扭矩时往往需要一个较长的过程,即存在滞后现象,难以在短时间内控制,尤其对于电驱动钻机,控制系统一旦做得不好,容易引起大的钻井事故。

针对石油钻机转盘采用气胎离合器惯性刹车存在的刹车力矩小、响应速度慢等问题,宝鸡石油机械有限责任公司开发了一种钳盘式惯性刹车装置,并首先在电驱动钻机上应用,现已推广到机械驱动钻机上。

1 技术分析1 1 结构钳盘式惯性刹车装置结构及安装位置见图1。

该装置主要由连接法兰、刹车盘、刹车钳、支撑架、加力泵、液气管线和比例控制阀等组成。

刹车盘是采用法兰螺栓连接到转盘驱动箱轴上;刹车钳固定在转盘驱动箱底座上;比例操作阀控制手柄安装在司钻控制房内,加力泵、管线等则按照易于操作维护等原则并根据实际位置安装即可。

图1 钳盘式惯性刹车装置结构及安装位置1 输出轴(连接转盘);2 刹车盘;3 连接法兰;4 加力泵;5 气管线;6 油管线;7 减速器;8 输入轴(连接原动机)。

加力泵[1]结构见图2。

工作过程是:给加力泵供气,气压推动皮阀总成、推杆及活塞总成前移,活塞前移时会将进油杯下方的阀门补油孔封闭,并在液压缸体内产生油压,传递给刹车钳缸;当气压释放时,复位弹簧推动活塞后移并敞开补油孔,缸体内的液压油自动通过补油孔返回油杯。

图2 加力泵结构示意图1 皮阀总成;2 推杆;3 活塞总成;4 油杯;5 复位弹簧;6 壳体。

刹车钳[1]主要由制动钳体、活塞、密封圈、防尘套、制动摩擦块等组成,结构如图3所示。

钳104石 油 机 械CH I NA PETROLEUM MACH I NERY2009年 第37卷 第9期*钳盘式惯性刹车技术已获国家专利,专利号:ZL 200520078644 9。

体由左右2体构成,钳体内设有连通的活塞腔和油道,左右活塞腔呈对称布局形式,活塞与制动摩擦块连接在一起。

工作时,液压油在活塞腔内推动活塞,活塞带动制动摩擦块推移对刹车盘实施夹持,产生制动力矩。

图3 刹车钳结构示意图1 制动盘;2 密封圈;3 活塞;4 摩擦块;5 钳体。

1 2 工作原理钳盘式惯性刹车装置工作原理如图4所示。

该装置是由钻机气源系统过来的净化压缩空气,通过比例调压阀调压后,向加力泵活塞缸一端充气,压缩气体通过加力泵内油缸活塞推动液压油,并将液压油送到刹车钳钳缸内形成油压,最终推动刹车钳对刹车盘实施夹持,达到刹车的目的。

钻井工作中,当需要实施惯性刹车逐渐释放钻杆扭矩时,可调节比例阀供气手柄以改变供气压力的大小。

如果工作完毕需要转盘启动开始工作时,只需通过比例阀操作释放加力泵缸体内的气体即可,刹车盘在随设备转动时,刹车钳会自动松开。

图4 钳盘式惯性刹车装置工作原理图1 气源;2 供气管线;3 调压阀;4 加力泵;5 刹车钳;6 刹车盘;7 钳缸。

1 3 主要技术参数额定工作气压:0 7MPa ;工作介质:空气、耐高温合成制动液;工作温度:-30~80 ;加力泵增压比:1!18;最大液压排量:62 8c m 3;活塞最大行程:50mm ;刹车盘规格: 460mm ∀16mm;单刹车钳额定扭矩:8500N #m 。

1 4 性能特点(1)钳盘式惯性刹车按照气推液原理设计,弥补了气胎式气囊充气量大、停留时间长的不足。

(2)控制操作手柄安装在司钻房座椅扶手上,便于司钻调节和操作,操作安全,控制性能好。

(3)采用钳盘式、液压控制刹车力,具有刹车能力强、制动力矩大、响应速度快等优点。

(4)液压油量控制采用油杯补、卸油方法,结构简单;同时,刹车盘大小及钳缸数量可根据匹配钻机实际需要进行设计,不受结构限制。

(5)易损件更换方便,且使用维修性好,寿命长,可靠性高。

2 现场应用情况钳盘式惯性刹车装置自开发研制以来,已累计生产100多套,目前在宝鸡石油机械有限责任公司近年来研制的系列交流变频钻机、直流电驱动钻机及复合驱动钻机上均有不同程度的应用,特别是该技术被应用到我国自主研制的ZJ90DB 、ZJ120DB 大型钻机及出口美国、阿曼ZJ70DB 、ZJ50DB 、ZJ70D 、ZJ50D 等各型钻机上后,因其良好的控制、使用性能而得到了用户的一致肯定。

尽管如此,由于受钻机钻台面布局、国内生产条件和部分元器件等综合性能的影响,该产品在使用过程中也发现一些不足之处:一是由于加力泵等主要元件均安装在钻台下方不便于观察,尤其是加力泵上的油杯需要定期补充更换制动液等,从而给观察维护等带来一定困难;二是国产摩擦块在使用过程中寿命较短,需要定期更换,而摩擦块在现场更换存在空间小、拆卸不便及更换后必需进行间隙检测调整等问题,给用户带来一定麻烦。

因此,钳盘式惯性刹车装置仍需要进一步改进和完善。

相信随着研究工作的不断深入及我国钻机制造水平的发展提高,钳盘式惯性刹车装置必将在我国的石油钻机上得到更广泛的应用。

参 考 文 献[1] 曹寅昌 工程机械构造[M ] 北京:机械工业出版社,1981:295~298,300~302第一作者简介:高龙岗,工程师,生于1965年,1989年毕业于长安大学工程机械学院,现从事石油钻机设计工作。

地址:(721002)陕西省宝鸡市。

电话:(0917)3462182。

E -m a i:l g l g2559@sohu com 。

收稿日期:2009-06-01(本文编辑 刘 锋)105 2009年 第37卷 第9期高龙岗等:石油钻机转盘惯性刹车装置constant pressure and steady flo w contro,l achiev i ng the f unc ti ons,such as concentrated m onitor i ng,da ta sto rage and curve p l o tti ng,and gua rantee i ng the qua lity contro l of m i x ed ac i d and conti nuous stab ilit y o f fl u i d d i scharg e.The fi ve m ixed prepa ra ti on contro lm ethods ensure t hat the equ i p m ent is strong i n adapt ab ility,h i gh i n reli ab ility and can sati sfy the requ i re m ent o fm an y operati ons.T he equip m ent achieves the on li ne m i xed prepa ra ti on of acid so l uti on,i m prov i ng t he precisi on o f ac i d∃s m i xed preparati on,reduc i ng the opera tor∃s l abo r i ntensity,sav i ng the costs and protecti ng t he env iron m ent.K ey wo rds:auto m atic acid m ix i ng,conti nuous ac i d m i x i ng, aci d m ix i ng skid,ac i dizi ng opera tionZhou Ji aq i(B eijing Petroleu m M achinery P lan t,B eij i ng), Zhang G uo tian,L i D ongyang,et a.l D eve l op m en t and appli ca ti on of t he f u lly hydrau lic wh ile-drilli ng bu m per sub.CP M, 2009,37(9):89-91In ligh t of t he co mmon l y seen downho le breakdo w n of dr ill i ng p i pe stick i ng i n the dr illi ng process,the new-type f u lly hy drau lic wh ile-dr illi ng bu m per sub w as deve l oped.The sub m a i nly consists o f connec ting m echanis m,m echan ical latch m echan is m,to rque trans m i ssi on m echan is m,stri k i ng and sea li ng dev i ces.It is a k i nd o f ne w-type p i pe-free i ng too l cha racte r ized by the i ntegrati on of up-down str i king.In practical ope ra ti on,the do w n-str i king m echan i s m can be started to unfreeze the stuck pipe if t he sti cki ng happens i n the pu lli ng out process. T he up-stri k i ng mechan i s m can be started to free the bit freez i ng if t he stick i ng happens i n t he go i ng-do w n process o r t he bit ge ts stuck i n t he bottom ho le.T he fac t o ry bench test and the fi e l d app licati on i nd ica te t hat t he design of the who le bu m per sub is reasonable,the mechan i ca l l ocking force is li nearly stable, and the hydraulic de l ay ti m e is stable,thus sa ti sfy i ng t he re qu ire m ent o f the field appli cation.K ey w ords:hydraulic,wh ile dr illi ng,bu mper subX u Ji ngtian(College of Energy,X i∃an Universit y of Science and T echnology,X i∃an),L iShugang,Zhang N a il u,et a.l The de si gn of the contro l syste m o f the S7-300so ft ware redundancy-based dr illi ng r i g auto m ati c bit f eed.C PM,2009,37(9):98-101 Chi na∃s first artifi c ial isl and7,000m deep r i ng ra il mobil e m odule r i g had a s m ooth spud-i n in H ebei P rov i nce∃s N anpu O ilfi e l d i n February,2008.T he S7-300so ft w are redundancy-based dr illi ng ri g automa ti c bit feed contro l sy stem used by the rig has now successfull y undergone the fie l d acceptance.T his automa ti c b i t feed syste m is equipped w ith one m ore PLC contro l syste m wh i ch has bo th manua l and automa ti c operati ng m ode ls. T he autom atic b it feed m onitor i ng syste m m a i nly consists ofm any m odules,such as auto m a tic bit feed constant bit load pen-case contro,l e l ec tron i c anti-bump i ng,prec ise pos itioni ng and dy na m ic de m onstration of the i d le ca r∃s po int,and fa ilure identifi ca tion,alar m i ng and treat m ent.The m on itor i ng system adopts the so ft w are redundancy scheme based on S i emens∃s S7-300LC.The PLC processor is used i n pairs.W hen the m a j o rprocessor fails,the back-up processo r w ill achieve data syn chron izati on accordi ng to t he m on itor i ng progra m and data ex change process i ng prog ram and co m plete aut om atic s w itchi ng.T he field app lica ti on i ndicates t hat t he syste m is si m ple in opera ti on and conven i ent i n s w itch i ng,i m prov i ng the ri g control∃s au to m atic l eve l and producti on m anag e m ent l eve l and guarantee i ng the s m ooth,safe and effecti ve opera ti on o f the r i g.K ey wo rds:soft w are redundancy,au t om atic b it feed,d i sc brake,m on itor i ng syste mG ao Longgang(Baoj i O ilfield M achinery Co.,Ltd.,Baoj iC ity,Shaanx i Province),Zhang Fu.The i nertia brak i ng dev iceo f the o il drilling r i g∃s ro tary tab l e.CP M,2009,37(9):104-105Conside ri ng t he prob l em that s m all braki ng mom ent and sl ow response speed are ex istent i n the i nerti a brake emp l oyed by the a ir t ube c l utch o f t he current drilli ng ri g∃s ro tary i nertia brake,a k i nd of ca li per disc i nerti a brak i ng dev i ce was deve l oped.T he dev ice m a i n l y consists o f connecti on flange,braked i sc,brak i ng ca li pe r,brac i ng fra m e,force-mu lti p lier pu mp,hydropneu m a tic pi pe li ne and proporti onal con tro l valve.So far o ve r100sets of the i nertia braking dev i ces have been produced.Its good performance o f contro l and operati on has w on a ll pra ises fro m t he users.W ith its f urther study,t he ca li per disc brak i ng ine rtia dev ice w ill have a good prospec t f o r applica ti on i n our country∃s o il dr illi ng r i gs.K ey wo rds:dr illi ng ri g ro tary tab l e,ca li pe r disc i nerti a bra k i ng dev i ce,brak i ng ca li per,brake discQ i Jianx i ong(B eiji ng P etroleu m M ac h i nery P lant,Beijing), Zhang Junq i ao,Pang H ui x i an,et a.l The fail ure ana l ys i s of the top driv i ng dev i ce∃s ba l ance cyli nder and so l uti on sche m e.CPM,2009,37(9):106-107In ligh t of the fracture of the balance cyli nder∃s shaft ea r ri ng i n ope ration site,i m prove m en ts w ere m ade on cy li nder structure,connecti ng m anner bet ween balance cy li nder and bian dan(.i e.carry i ng po l e)bea m,and balance m echanis m∃s hy drau lic syste m.T he i ntegration of the p i ston rod i ncreases the a r ea o f the shearing l a tera l secti on,avo i d i ng t he stress concentra ti on of the scre w t h read reli e f groove and g rea tly reduc i ng the da m age of s hear i ng to the p i ston rod.The spher ica l p i n structure releases som e freedom o f the cyli nder∃s front and back osc ill a ti on and reli eves the s hear i ng force produced by the osc ill a ti ng process.The i m prove m ent of the upward-bounc i ng f unc ti on of the balance m echanis m hydrauli c syste m re lieves the force cond i ti on o f the cy li nde r,re i n f o rces t he bounc i ng e ffect i n the break-out process and satisfies the requ irement of the bounci ng effect in operati on site.The fi e l d applica ti on show s t hat the prob le m of the s ha ft earr i ng fracturi ng has bas ica lly been so l ved.K ey w ords:top dr i v i ng dev ice,ba l ance cy linder,shaft ea r ri ng fract ure,connection m anner,hydrauli c sy stem4。