NIOS II 系列程序

NIOS II S沧1、。

沧2、 minio@yeah址net minio@yeah址net沧沧NIOS II :1. LED_ PIO_BASE个个 SOPC PIO(Parallel I/O)( Avalon Modules -> Other , LED_PIO, PIO_0IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_DATA(LED_PIO_BASE, led); 1. sopc PIO LED_PIO ;2. hello_led.c LED_PIO_BASE #define LED_PIO_BASE 0x00001800 SOPC .2. NIOSII PIO个个 hello_led.c IOIOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_DATA(LED_PIO_BASE, led);altera_avalon_pio_regs.hi nclude#define IORD_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_DATA(base) IORD(base, 0)#define IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_DATA(base, data) IOWR(base, 0, data)NIOSII i nclude IORD/IOWR PIOsmallsoftwarehello_led_0_syslibDebugsystem_des cription system.h, :#define LED_PIO_TYPE "altera_avalon_pio"#define LED_PIO_BASE 0x00004000LED_PIO_BASE IO 0x00004000 SOPCBuilder !( SopcBuilder NiosII , system.h IDE !)IOWR(0x00004000, 0, led);IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_DATA(LED_PIO_BASE, led); , , !3. :Linking hello_world_0.elf.../cygdrive/e/DE2Project_restored/software/hello_world_0_syslib/Debug/libhello_world_0_syslib.a(alt_main.o)(.text+0x60): In function `alt_main':/cygdrive/c/altera/72/nios2eds/components/altera_hal/HAL/src/alt_main.c:163: undefined reference to `main'collect2: ld returned 1 exit statusmake: *** [hello_world_0.elf] Error 1Build completed in 1.953 seconds: .int main(void), int mian()!!!!!!4.IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_DATA ?:IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_DATA altera_avalon_pio_regs.h io.h NiosII IDE NiosII Cache IO ( IOWR_ PIO IORD_ PIO )LED_PIO_BASE system.h LED_PIOIOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_DATA(LED_PIO_BASE,led) LED_PIO ledAltera_embeded_peripherals PIONiosII_software_developer's_handbook AlteraNIOS_II :<stdio.h> "system.h"system.h HALIDE “altera_avalon_pio_regs.h ” I/O.IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_DATA(LED_PIO_BASE, led)led LED_PIO_BASE I/O led LEDFPGA “alt_types.h”alt_8 8alt_u8 8alt_16 16alt_u16 16alt_32 32alt_u32 32IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_IRQ_MASK(BUTTON_PIO_BASE,0xf);IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_EDGE_CAP(BUTTON_PIO_BASE,0x0);IORD_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_EDGE_CAP(BUTTON_PIO_BASE)alt_irq_register(BUTTON_PIO_IRQ,edge_capture_ptr,handle_button_interrupts)"altera_avalon_pio_regs.h"#define IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_IRQ_MASK(base,data)IOWR(base,2,data)#define IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_EDGE_CAP(base,data)IOWR(base,3,data)#define IORD_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_EDGE_CAP(base)IORD(base,3)0xf 0x73alt_irq_register ISR IRS extern int alt_irq_register(alt_u32 id,void*context,void(*irq_handler)(void*,alt_u32));handle_button_interrupts init_button_pio():1.#include "system.h"#include "altera_avalon_pio_regs.h"#include "alt_types.h"#include "stdio.h"#include "unistd.h"int main (void) __attribute__ ((weak, alias ("alt_main")));int alt_main (void){unsigned char led = 0;while (1){for(led=0;led<8;led++){IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_DATA(LED_GREEN_BASE, 1<<led);usleep(500000); // 0.5}}return 0;}2.count_binary.h#ifndef COUNT_BINARY_H_#define COUNT_BINARY_H_#include "alt_types.h"#include <stdio.h>#include <unistd.h>#include "system.h"#include "sys/alt_irq.h"#include "altera_avalon_pio_regs.h" #define ESC 27#define ESC_TOP_LEFT "[1;0H"#define ESC_COL2_INDENT5 "[2;5H" #define ESC_CLEAR "K"#define ECS_COL1_INDENT5 "[1;5H" #endif /*COUNT_BINARY_H_*/main.c :#include "count_binary.h"int main(void){int i;int data;while(1){i=0;data=0x80;for(i=0;i<8;i++){IOWR(LED_GREEN_BASE,0,data);data>>=1;usleep(500000);}}}/*:IOWR(BASE, REGNUM, DATA)BASE REGNUM DATAREGNUM*/3.count_binary.hmain.c/*:DE24 4 ( ,4 ) */#include "count_binary.h"int alt_main(){int key,data;data=0x00;while(1){key=IORD(BUTTON_PIO_BASE,0);if(key==0x7)data=0x80;key=IORD(BUTTON_PIO_BASE,0);if(key==0xb)data=0x40;key=IORD(BUTTON_PIO_BASE,0);if(key==0xd)data=0x20;key=IORD(BUTTON_PIO_BASE,0);if(key==0xe)data=0x10;IOWR(LED_GREEN_BASE,0,data);}}/*IOIORD(BASE, REGNUM)BASE REGNUMBASE REGNUM*/:, ptf , DE2 , !4./*:DE2*/#include "count_binary.h"volatile int edge_capture;/* ( , )*/static void handle_button_interrupts(void *context,alt_u32 id);/* */static void init_button_pio(){void *edge_capture_ptr=(void*)&edge_capture;/* ( )*/IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_IRQ_MASK(BUTTON_PIO_BASE,0xf);/* */IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_EDGE_CAP(BUTTON_PIO_BASE,0x0);/* */alt_irq_register(BUTTON_PIO_IRQ,edge_capture_ptr,handle_button_interrupts); }/* */int main(void){init_button_pio();while(1){switch(edge_capture){/* 3 8 1*/case 0x08:IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,0x11111111);break;case 0x04:IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,0X22222222);break;case 0x02:IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,0X33333333);break;/* 0 8 4*/case 0x01:IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,0x44444444);break;}}}/* */static void handle_button_interrupts(void *context,alt_u32 id) {volatile int * edge_capture_ptr=(volatile int *)context;/* */*edge_capture_ptr=IORD_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_EDGE_CAP(BUTTON_PIO_BASE);/* */IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_EDGE_CAP(BUTTON_PIO_BASE,0);}5.#include "count_binary.h"int alt_main(){int second=0;while(1){usleep(100000);second++;IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,second);}}6.1602lcd.h#ifndef LCD_H_#define LCD_H_#define lcd_write_cmd(base,data) IOWR(base,0,data)#define lcd_read_cmd(base) IORD(base,1)#define lcd_write_data(base,data) IOWR(base,2,data) #define lcd_read_data(base) IORD(base,3)void lcd_init();void lcd_show_text(char * text);void lcd_line2();void lcd_test();#endif /*LCD_H_*/main.c/* :DE2* :quaters II 7.2,NIOS II 7.2* :1602*/#include <unistd.h>#include <string.h>#include <io.h>#include "system.h"#include "lcd.h"void lcd_init(){/* 8 , */lcd_write_cmd(LCD_16207_0_BASE,0X38);usleep(2000);/* , */lcd_write_cmd(LCD_16207_0_BASE,0X0C);usleep(2000);/* */lcd_write_cmd(LCD_16207_0_BASE,0X01);usleep(2000);/* , */lcd_write_cmd(LCD_16207_0_BASE,0X06);usleep(2000);/* */lcd_write_cmd(LCD_16207_0_BASE,0X80);usleep(2000);}/* */void lcd_show_text(char * text){int i;for(i=0;i<strlen(text);i++){lcd_write_data(LCD_16207_0_BASE,text[i]);usleep(2000);}}void lcd_line1(){lcd_write_cmd(LCD_16207_0_BASE,0X80);usleep(2000);}/* , */void lcd_line2(){lcd_write_cmd(LCD_16207_0_BASE,0XC0);usleep(2000);}int main(){char text1[16]="Wu Qin De Shi";char text2[16]="Jie,Wu Qin De Ni";lcd_init();//while(1){/* */lcd_line1();/* */lcd_show_text(text1);/* */lcd_line2();/* */lcd_show_text(text2);usleep(4000000);lcd_write_cmd(LCD_16207_0_BASE,0X01);//usleep(2000);/* */lcd_line1();lcd_show_text("Liu Ya Li,");lcd_line2();/* */lcd_show_text("I Love You!");usleep(4000000);}return 0;}7.1602 NIOS II fprintf/* :DE2* :quaters II 7.2,NIOS II 7.2* :1602* NIOS II fprintf lcd !*/#include <unistd.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>#include <io.h>#include "system.h"int main(void){FILE *lcd;lcd=fopen("/dev/lcd_16207_0","w");/*1602 */fprintf(lcd,"I love NIOS II!\n");/*1602 */fprintf(lcd,"I love you!");fclose(lcd);return 0;}8.count_binary.h#ifndef COUNT_BINARY_H_#define COUNT_BINARY_H_#include "alt_types.h"#include <stdio.h>#include <unistd.h>#include "system.h"#include "sys/alt_irq.h"#include "altera_avalon_pio_regs.h"#define ESC 27#define ESC_TOP_LEFT "[1;0H"#define ESC_COL2_INDENT5 "[2;5H"#define ESC_CLEAR "K"#define ECS_COL1_INDENT5 "[1;5H"#endif /*COUNT_BINARY_H_*/main.c#include "count_binary.h"static alt_u8 count;volatile int edge_capture;#ifdef BUTTON_PIO_BASEstatic void handle_button_interrupts(void *context,alt_u32 id){volatile int *edge_capture_ptr=(volatile int *)context;*edge_capture_ptr=IORD_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_EDGE_CAP(BUTTON_PIO_BASE);IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_EDGE_CAP(BUTTON_PIO_BASE,0);}static void init_button_pio(){void *edge_capture_ptr=(void *)&edge_capture;IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_IRQ_MASK(BUTTON_PIO_BASE,0XF);IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_EDGE_CAP(BUTTON_PIO_BASE,0X0);alt_irq_register(BUTTON_PIO_IRQ,edge_capture_ptr,handle_button_interrupts);}#endif#ifdef SEG7_DISPLAY_BASEstatic void sevenseg_set_hex(int hex){static alt_u8 segments[16]={0x81,0xcf,0x92,0x86,0xcc,0xa4,0xa0,0x8f,0x80,0x84, 0x88,0xe0,0xf2,0xc2,0xb0,0xb8};unsigned int data=segments[hex&15]|(segments[(hex>>4)&15]<<8);IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_DATA(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,data);}#endifstatic void lcd_init(FILE *lcd){fprintf(lcd,"%c%s Counting will be displayed below...",ESC,ESC_TOP_LEFT);}static void initial_message(){}static void count_led(){#ifdef LED_RED_BASEIOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_DATA(LED_RED_BASE,count);#endif}static void count_sevenseg(){#ifdef SEG7_DISPLAY_BASEsevenseg_set_hex(count);#endif}static void count_lcd(void *arg){FILE *lcd=(FILE*)arg;fprintf(lcd,"%c%s 0x%x\n",ESC,ESC_COL2_INDENT5,count); }static void count_all(void *arg){count_led();count_sevenseg();count_lcd(arg);printf("%02x, ",count);}static void handle_button_press(alt_u8 type,FILE *lcd){if(type=='c'){switch(edge_capture){case 0x1:count_led();break;case 0x2:count_sevenseg();break;case 0x4:count_lcd(lcd);break;case 0x8:count_all(lcd);break;default:count_all(lcd);break;}}}int main(void){int i;int wait_time;FILE *lcd;count=0;lcd=fopen("/dev/lcd_16207_0","w");#ifdef BUTTON_PIO_BASE//init_button_pio();init_button_pio();#endifinitial_message();while(1){usleep(100000);if(edge_capture!=0){handle_button_press('c',lcd);}else{count_all(lcd);}if(count==0xff){fprintf(lcd,"%c%s Waiting...\n",ESC,ESC_TOP_LEFT,ESC,ESC_CLEAR, ESC,ESC_COL2_INDENT5);edge_capture=0;fprintf(lcd,"%c%s",ESC,ESC_COL2_INDENT5,ESC,ESC_CLEAR);wait_time=0;for(i=0;i<70;++i){wait_time=i/10;fprintf(lcd,"%c%s",ESC,ESC_COL2_INDENT5,wait_time);if(edge_capture!=0){handle_button_press('w',lcd);usleep(100000);}}initial_message();lcd_init(lcd);}count++;}fclose(lcd);return(0);}9. 1 +#include <stdio.h>#include <sys/unistd.h>#include <io.h>#include <string.h>#include "system.h"#include "altera_avalon_pio_regs.h"#include "altera_avalon_timer_regs.h"#include "alt_types.h"#include "sys/alt_irq.h"static void timer1_init(void); //int i = 0;/* */int main(void){// Timertimer1_init();while(1);return 0;}/* 1 */static void ISR_timer1(void *context, alt_u32 id){// 8 LEDIOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_PIO_DATA(LED_GREEN_BASE, 1<<i);i++;if(i == 8)i = 0;// TimerIOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_STATUS(TIMER_1_BASE, 0x00);}/* 1 */void timer1_init(void) //{// Timer1IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_STATUS(TIMER_1_BASE, 0x00);// Timer1 T=25000000/5000000=0.5s// 16IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_PERIODL(TIMER_1_BASE,25000000);// 16IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_PERIODH(TIMER_1_BASE,25000000 >> 16);//Timer1IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_CONTROL(TIMER_1_BASE, 0x07);// Timer1alt_irq_register(TIMER_1_IRQ, (void *)TIMER_1_BASE, ISR_timer1);}10. 1+#include <stdio.h>#include <sys/unistd.h>#include <io.h>#include <string.h>#include "system.h"#include "altera_avalon_pio_regs.h"#include "altera_avalon_timer_regs.h"#include "alt_types.h"#include "sys/alt_irq.h"static void timer1_init(void); //unsigned long int i = 0;/* */int main(void){// Timertimer1_init();while(1);return 0;}/* 1 */static void ISR_timer1(void *context, alt_u32 id){// 8 7IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,i);i++;// TimerIOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_STATUS(TIMER_1_BASE, 0x00);}/* 1 */void timer1_init(void) //{// Timer1IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_STATUS(TIMER_1_BASE, 0x00);// Timer1 T=25000000/5000000=0.5s// 16IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_PERIODL(TIMER_1_BASE,25000000);// 16IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_PERIODH(TIMER_1_BASE,25000000 >> 16);//Timer1IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_CONTROL(TIMER_1_BASE, 0x07);// Timer1alt_irq_register(TIMER_1_IRQ, (void *)TIMER_1_BASE, ISR_timer1);}11. 1 2+ +/* :DE2* :NIOS II7.2,QUATERS II 7.2* 1* 2 1* */#include <stdio.h>#include <sys/unistd.h>#include <io.h>#include <string.h>#include "system.h"#include "altera_avalon_pio_regs.h"#include "altera_avalon_timer_regs.h"#include "alt_types.h"#include "sys/alt_irq.h"/* : DE2 system.h TIMER_0 TIMER_1** system.h* #define TIMER_0_BASE 0x00681020* #define TIMER_0_IRQ 3* #define TIMER_1_BASE 0x00681040* #define TIMER_1_IRQ 4* :*/#define TIMER1_IRQ 3#define TIMER2_IRQ 4#define TIMER1_BASE 0x00681020#define TIMER2_BASE 0x00681040static void timer_init(void); //int i = 0,j = 0,flag;alt_u32 timer_prd[4] = {5000000, 10000000, 50000000, 100000000};// //T1 0.1s,0.2s,1s,2sint main(void){// Timertimer_init();while(1);return 0;}static void ISR_timer1(void *context, alt_u32 id){// 8 LEDIOWR(LED_GREEN_BASE,0,i);//IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,i);i++;if(i == 255)i = 0;// TimerIOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_STATUS(TIMER1_BASE, 0x00);}/* 2 1 */static void ISR_timer2(void *context, alt_u32 id){// 1 T1=timer_prd[j]/50M( : )IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_PERIODL(TIMER1_BASE, timer_prd[j]);IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_PERIODH(TIMER1_BASE, timer_prd[j] >> 16);//IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_CONTROL(TIMER1_BASE, 0x07);//if(j == 0)flag = 0;if(j == 3)flag = 1;if(flag == 0){j++;}else{j--;}//IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_STATUS(TIMER2_BASE, 0);}void timer_init(void) //{// Timer1IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_STATUS(TIMER1_BASE, 0x00);// Timer1IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_PERIODL(TIMER1_BASE,80000000);IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_PERIODH(TIMER1_BASE, 80000000 >> 16);// Timer1IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_CONTROL(TIMER1_BASE, 0x07);// Timer1alt_irq_register(TIMER1_IRQ, (void *)TIMER1_BASE, ISR_timer1);// Timer2IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_STATUS(TIMER2_BASE, 0x00);// Timer2 T2=400M/50M=8s;IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_PERIODL(TIMER2_BASE,400000000);IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_PERIODH(TIMER2_BASE, 400000000 >> 16);// Timer2IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_CONTROL(TIMER2_BASE, 0x07);// Timer2alt_irq_register(TIMER2_IRQ, (void *)TIMER2_BASE, ISR_timer2);}12./* DE2* NIOS II 7.2,QUATERS II 7.2** 1. 1* 2. 0-9 9 0-9* *//* 115200*/#include "altera_avalon_uart_regs.h"#include "system.h"#include "altera_avalon_pio_regs.h"#include "alt_types.h"#include "sys/alt_irq.h"#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>#define UART_BASE 0x00681000#define UART_IRQ 2#define TIME_DELAY 1000000//1M,//UARTvoid Uart_send(unsigned char data){alt_u16 status;status=IORD_ALTERA_AVALON_UART_STATUS(UART_BASE);while(!(status&0x0040))//status=IORD_ALTERA_AVALON_UART_STATUS(UART_BASE);IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_UART_TXDATA(UART_BASE,data);}//UARTvoid Uart_send_n(unsigned char *ptr){while(*ptr){Uart_send(*ptr);ptr++;}Uart_send(0x0a);//}//UARTint Uart_receive(void){alt_u16 status;int temp;status=IORD_ALTERA_AVALON_UART_STATUS(UART_BASE);while(!(status&0x0080))//status=IORD_ALTERA_AVALON_UART_STATUS(UART_BASE);temp=IORD_ALTERA_AVALON_UART_RXDATA(UART_BASE);return temp;}//void Uart_ISR(void * context,alt_u32 id){unsigned char temp;temp=IORD_ALTERA_AVALON_UART_RXDATA(UART_BASE);switch(temp){case '0':IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,0x00000000);break;case '1':IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,0x11111111);break;case '2':IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,0x22222222);break;case '3':IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,0x33333333);break;case '4':IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,0x44444444);break;case '5':IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,0x55555555);break;case '6':IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,0x66666666);break;case '7':IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,0x77777777);break;case '8':IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,0x88888888);break;case '9':IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,0x99999999);break;}}//void Uart_init(){IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_UART_CONTROL(UART_BASE, 0x80);// IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_UART_STATUS(UART_BASE, 0x0);//// IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_UART_RXDATA(UART_BASE, 0x0);// alt_irq_register(UART_IRQ,0,Uart_ISR);}int main(){Uart_init();while(1){Uart_send_n("Liu Ya Li,I love u!");//Uart_send_n(64);usleep(TIME_DELAY);//}}13. 1 2 timer0 timer1 timer2 2#define timer2#ifdef timer2#include <stdio.h>#include <sys/unistd.h>#include <io.h>#include <string.h>#include "system.h"#include "altera_avalon_pio_regs.h"#include "altera_avalon_timer_regs.h"#include "alt_types.h"#include "sys/alt_irq.h"//#define TIMER_2_BASE 0x01b02060//#define TIMER_2_IRQ 9static void timer2_init(void); //unsigned long int i = 0;/* */int main(void){// Timertimer2_init();while(1);return 0;}/* 2 */static void ISR_timer2(void *context, alt_u32 id){// 8 7IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,i);i++;// Timer2IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_STATUS(TIMER_2_BASE, 0x00);}/* 1 */void timer2_init(void) //{// Timer2IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_STATUS(TIMER_2_BASE, 0x00);// Timer2 T=1s// 16IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_PERIODL(TIMER_2_BASE,100000000);// 16IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_PERIODH(TIMER_2_BASE,100000000 >> 16);//Timer1IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_CONTROL(TIMER_2_BASE, 0x07);// Timer2alt_irq_register(TIMER_2_IRQ, (void *)TIMER_2_BASE, ISR_timer2);}#else#include <stdio.h>#include <sys/unistd.h>#include <io.h>#include <string.h>#include "system.h"#include "altera_avalon_pio_regs.h"#include "altera_avalon_timer_regs.h"#include "alt_types.h"#include "sys/alt_irq.h"static void timer1_init(void); // unsigned long int i = 0;/* */int main(void){// Timertimer1_init();while(1);return 0;}/* 1 */static void ISR_timer1(void *context, alt_u32 id) {// 8 7IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,i);i++;// TimerIOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_STATUS(TIMER_1_BASE, 0x00);}/* 1 */void timer1_init(void) //{// Timer1IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_STATUS(TIMER_1_BASE, 0x00);// Timer1 T=1s// 16IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_PERIODL(TIMER_1_BASE,100000000);// 16IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_PERIODH(TIMER_1_BASE,100000000 >> 16);//Timer1IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_CONTROL(TIMER_1_BASE, 0x07);// Timer1alt_irq_register(TIMER_1_IRQ, (void *)TIMER_1_BASE, ISR_timer1);}#endif14. SDRAMmemestmemest (please type "man memset" in your shell)void *memset(void *s, int c, size_t n);memset:: c n .char a[20] , memset(a, 0, 20)memset(a, 20, 0): memset, , , : char buffer[20];memset(buffer, 0, sizeof((char)*20));strcpy(buffer, "123");memset . , .: memset, memsetint some_func(struct something *a){……memset(a, 0, sizeof(a));…}: memset ?memset( &Address, 0, sizeof(Address)):1. ()char buf[5]CString str,str1 //memset(buf,0,sizeof(buf)) for(int i = 0 i<5 i++) { str.Format(“%d “,buf[i]) str1 +=str } TRACE(“%s\r\n“,str1)2. 0 memset MessageBox 0 NULL:demo 1#include <iostream>#include <cstring>using namespace std;int main(){char a[5];memset(a,'1',5);for(int i = 0;i < 5;i++)cout<<a[i]<<" ";system("pause");return 0;}#include <stdio.h>//#include "../inc/sopc.h"#include "system.h"#include "string.h"#include "unistd.h"#include "altera_avalon_pio_regs.h"/* DE2 system.h SDRAM_0_BASE* #define SDRAM_0_BASE 0x00800000,*/#define SDRAM_BASE 0x00800000unsigned short * ram = (unsigned short *)(SDRAM_BASE+0x10000); //SDRAM int main(void){int i;memset(ram,0,100);// SDRAM// ram ram ram (SDRAM_BASE+0x10100) for(i=0;i<100;i++){*(ram++) = i;}// ramfor(i=0;i<100;i++){printf("%d\n",*(--ram));}for(i=100;i<200;i++){*(ram++) = i;}// ramfor(i=100;i<200;i++){IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,*(--ram));printf("%d\n",*(--ram));usleep(1000000);}return 0;}15. API#include "system.h"#define _LEDtypedef struct{unsigned long int DATA;unsigned long int DIRECTION;unsigned long int INTERRUPT_MASK;unsigned long int EDGE_CAPTURE;} PIO_STR;#ifdef _LED#define LED ((PIO_STR *)LED_GREEN_BASE)#endif#include "unistd.h"#include "stdio.h"unsigned int i=0;CPU NIOS II/f none CPU16. 1+ptf ptf/* DE2* QUATERS II 7.2,NIOS II 7.2* 2010.7.17* 8 1* 1 T=timer_1_period/50000000* */#include "system.h"#include "altera_avalon_pio_regs.h"#include "altera_avalon_timer_regs.h"#include "sys/alt_irq.h"#include <io.h>#define timer_1_period 50000#define uint unsigned int#define uchar unsigned charalt_u32 count=0;uchar seg_table[11]={0x40,0x79,0x24,0x30,0x19,0x12,0x02,0x78,0x00,0x10,0x7f};void isr_timer_1();/* 1 */void timer_1_init(){/* 1 */IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_STATUS(TIMER_1_BASE,0X00);/* 16 */IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_PERIODL(TIMER_1_BASE,timer_1_period);/* 16 */IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_PERIODH(TIMER_1_BASE,timer_1_period>>16);/* 1 */IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_CONTROL(TIMER_1_BASE,0X07);/* 1 */alt_irq_register(TIMER_1_IRQ, (void *)TIMER_1_BASE, isr_timer_1);}/* 1 */void isr_timer_1(){count++;/* 1 */IOWR_ALTERA_AVALON_TIMER_STATUS(TIMER_1_BASE,0X00);}/* */void seg_display(alt_u32 z){if(z<10){IOWR(SEG0_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[z%10]);IOWR(SEG1_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[10]);IOWR(SEG2_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[10]);IOWR(SEG3_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[10]);IOWR(SEG4_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[10]);IOWR(SEG5_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[10]);IOWR(SEG6_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[10]);IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[10]);}else if(z<100){IOWR(SEG0_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[z%10]);IOWR(SEG1_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[z%100/10]);IOWR(SEG2_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[10]);IOWR(SEG3_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[10]);IOWR(SEG4_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[10]);IOWR(SEG5_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[10]);IOWR(SEG6_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[10]);IOWR(SEG7_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[10]);}else if(z<1000){IOWR(SEG0_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[z%10]);IOWR(SEG1_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[z%100/10]);IOWR(SEG2_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[z%1000/100]);IOWR(SEG3_DISPLAY_BASE,0,seg_table[10]);。