初中英语语法八大时态总结完整版初中英语时态总结

初中英语语法八大时态总结完整版初中英语时态总结

初中英语语法八大时态

一．一般此刻时

1.构造

一定句式 : 主 +原形 /的第三人称数 +其余

否认句式 : 主 +（助）don't/doesn't +原形 +其余

一般疑句式 : Do/Does+主 +原形 +其余

略回答 : (肯)Yes,主 +do/does(否 )No,主 +do/does not

写形式 : don't = do not doesn't = does not

例句： He often goes swimming in summer.

I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2.用法

1）表示常的、性的作或存在的状，常与表示度的副用。

常用的度副有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month ⋯), once a week, on Sundays. 度副在句中往常放内行从前，系、助以后。

比如 : He often goes swimming in summer.

I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2）表示主具的性格、特点和能力等。

比如： All my family love football .

My sister is always ready to help others .

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.

3)表示客真谛、客存在、自然象。

比如： The earth moves around the sun.

Shanghai lies in the east of China.

4）表示按划或安排好的，或将要生的作，可用一般在表未来。

但只限于 start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。

比如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

He comes back tonight.

5）在复合句中，当主句是一般未来，或条件状从句的只好用一般在来表示未来要生的作。

比如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back.

If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.

二．一般过去时态

1.构造

一定句式 : 主 +去式 +其余

否认句式 : 主 +（助） didn ’t +原形 +其余

一般疑句式 : Did+ 主 +原形 +其余

略回答 : (肯)Yes,主 +did(否)No,主 +did not

基本构否认句一般疑句

Be was/were+not was/were提早，放于句首

行didn’t+do(原形）Did+ 主 +do（原形）

2.用法

1）表示去某一刻或某一段里所生的作或状况。常和表示去的状yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month ⋯ ), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a等time用

比如： Where did you go just now?

After a few years, she started to play the piano.

2）表示在去，常或频频生的作。常与often,always等表示度的副用。

比如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

我是个孩子的候，常在路上踢足球。

3）一般去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表在的状用，但些状

指去的，决不包括“ 在”“此此刻”的意思。

比如： Did you see him today?今日你看他了？

三．一般未来时

1.构造

构 1：

一定句式：主 +助 will+ 原形 +其余

否认句式：主 +助 will+ 原形 +not+其余

一般疑句式：助Will+ 主 +原形 +其余

回答：在口中，will 在名或代后常’，llwii not 常 won’t。

在疑句中，主第一人称（I 和 we），常用助shall。

比如： She’ll go to play basketball.

Shall we go to the zoo?

构 2：

一定句式：主 +be going to +原形 +其余

否认句式：主 +be not going to +原形 +其余

一般疑句式： Be+主 +going to+原形 +其余

略回答：（肯） Yes,主 +be（否）No,主+be not

2. 用法

1）表示未来某个要生的作或存在的状，常与tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ⋯ ), soon, in a few minutes, by⋯, the day after tomorrow等用。

比如： I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

2）、表示人于未来的见解、假和推，往常用于be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think

等后边的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。

比如： I think she’ll go back home for supper.

Maybe she ’ ll go to the gym.

未来时其余表示法

1）be going to表示未来

表示说话人的打算、计划、安排或依据迹象判断必定或很可能发生的事情。

比如： What are you going to do tomorrow?

The play is going to be produced next month。

注意： be going to 和 will 之间的差别。

在时间上：be going to 往常表示立刻要发生或相当快就要发生的事情；而will 不指明任何详细时间，能够指遥远的未来。

He is going to be better.

He will be better.

计划 /暂时：二者都表表示图时， be going to 含有早先计划、准备的意思； will 则指未经过早先思虑或计划，是暂时的一种决定。

— What are you going to do next Sunday?

— I'm going to go fishing.

— Where is the telephone book?

— I'll go and get it for you.

二者都用于展望时， be going to 意指有迹象表示某件事将要发生，属客观的推断；will则意指说话人以为 /相信某件事将要发生，属主观的推断。

在条件状语从句中， be going to 表未来 ,will 表意向。

比如： If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her.

2）“ beto+动词原形”表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。

比如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

3）be about to +动词原形，意为立刻做某事。不可以与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确未来时的时间状语连用，多于when 指引的时间状语连用。

比如： He is about to leave for Beijing.

四．此刻进行时

1.构造：

am/is/are+动词的此刻分词

2.用法：

1）表示此刻（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与 now, right now, at this moment, at this

look 、listen 等，主句的动词也与此刻time, these days等时间状语连用。注：假如句首有警告性动

词

进行时连用。

比如： We are waiting for you now.

Listen! The bird is singing in the tree.

2）.表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），向来在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。

比如： Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）

He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他向来在考虑这个问题。

3）.表示频频发生的动作或连续存在的状态，常与always, constantly, forever等词连用，常常带有说话人的主观色彩。

比如： You are always changing your mind.

4）.表示还没有达成的渐变过程，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。

比如： The leaves are turning red.

It's getting warmer and warmer.

5）、表示移位的动词，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等，其此刻进行时可表未来。

比如： I'm leaving tomorrow. 明日我要走了。

The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。

注：不可以用进行时态的动词

类型举例

感官类See,look,smell,hear,taste,notice,feel

感觉类Love,agree,like,hate,want,fear,wish,prefer

认知类Believe,think,understand,forget,remember

存在类Appear,exist,lie,remain

据有、附属类Have,own,contain,belong,possess,consist of

短暂动作类Accept,receive,admit,decide,promise,give,finish

五．此刻达成时

1.构造：

一定句：主语 +助动词 have（has）+动词过去分词 -ed

否认句：主语 +助动词 have（has）+not(haven ’ t,hasn动’词t)+过去分词 -ed

一般疑问句： Have(Has)+ 主语 +动词过去分词 -ed+？

特别疑问句：疑问词 +have(has)+ 主语 +动词过去分词 -ed+？

2.用法

含义：此刻达成时用来表示此刻从前已发生或达成的动作或状态，但其结果却和此刻有联系 , 也就是说 , 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响此刻还存在。

1）此刻达成时常常同表示不确立的过去时间状语连用, 如 already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等Mr. Wang has just come back from America.王先生刚从美国回来。

I haven’ t seen much of him recently (lately).

We have seen that film before.

Have they found the missing child yet?

此刻达成时中的时间状语：

★ already 往常用于一定句中，意为―已经，位于行为动词从前, be 动词、助动词以后。有时可放在疑

问句句尾，表示吃惊。

比如： We have already cleaned the classroom.

Have you finished it already？

★yet 用于疑问句中表示―已经；用于否认句中，表示还 (没)。

比如：— Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？

— No, not yet. 是, 还没有。

★ever 意为以前，常用于疑问句或否认句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到当前为止的

时间。

比如： Have you ever been there？你以前去过那边吗？

Nothing has ever happened here.这里不曾发生过什么事。

ever 与否认词★ never 意为（以前）从未、没有, 能否认副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。

not 连用相当于 never。比如：

I haven’ t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her我.从未跟她讲过话。

★just 意为―刚才 , 用于此刻达成时 , 表示行为刚才过去 , 位于助动词与过去分词之间。

e.g. He has just come back from school他.刚从学校回来。

★just now 意为―方才 , 表示过去某时 , 用于一般过去时 , 位于句首或句尾均可。

e.g. He came from school just now他.方才从学校回来。

★for 和 since 的用法及差别。 for 与一段时间连用， since 与时间点连用。注意： since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。

e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.

I haven’ t seen her since she left Shanghai.

I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her.

★have/has gone to、 have/has been to和 have/has been in的差

别。 have/ has gone to 去了 ,在去某地的路上或在某地 , 人还未回

来 have/ has been to 以前去过 , 人已经回来了

have/ has been in已经在,常与一段时间连用

e.g. She has been to Shanghai before.她从前曾去过上海。

She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海 10 年了。

Has he gone to Qingdao?他去青岛了吗？但不可以说Have you gone to Qingdao?

2）、此刻达成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作向来连续到此刻，常带有 for 或 since 等表示一段时间的状语。

如： Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.

I haven’t seen much of him recently(lately).

We have seen that film before.

Have they found the missing child yet?

3）、此刻达成时瞬时动词即停止性动词不可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。

常有停止性动词与连续性动词(或状态动词 ) 的对应关系以下 :

come / go / arrive / get / reach / move--- be in/at

open --- be open die --- be dead

close --- be closed become ---be

borrow --- keep put on --- wear

buy --- have leave ----- be away (from)

begin / start ----- be on fall asleep ---- be asleep

end/finish ----- be over catch a cold ----- have a cold

join the army ---- be in the army,be a soldier

join the Party---- be in the Party , be a Party member

例：吉姆支已有两年了。

Jim bought this pen two years ago.

Jim has had this pen for two years.

Jim has had this pen since two years ago.

Jim has had this pen since 2007

It is two years since Jim bought this pen.

4）.在表示“近来几世 / 年/ 月以来⋯⋯”状中，用在达成。

in the past few years/months/weeks/days； over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history等

5）.表示“第几次做某事，”或在“ It is the best (worst, most interesting 名)+ ＋that ”后边跟在达成。

例： This is my first time that I have visited China.

This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.

That is the only book that he has written.

6）have / has been to +地址意“曾去某地”，暗含当前已不在地表示当事人的一种而已。have / has gone to + 地址“到了某地去了”，暗含“已走开原地去了某地”之意，可能否抵达了某地尚不确立。

如： He has gone to Shanghai.他去了上海。

He has been to Shanghai.他去了上海。

六．过去达成时

1.构造：

助 had＋去分

2.用法：

1）、表示在去某一或作从前已达成的行或存在的状。即生的是去的去。常与“by the end

of/by/before+去”组成的短用。

比如： The train had already left before we arrived.

He said that he had learned some English before.

By the end of last term, we had learned five English songs.

2）表示在去某一作从前就已生或达成了的作；常用 when,before,after等引的从句作作生先后的比，先生的作用去达成，后生的作用一般去。

When I got to the railway station, the train had already left.

当我抵达火站，火已开走了

His father had worked in a TV factory for five years before he came here.

爸爸来从前，在一家机厂工作了 5 年。

3）表示去不曾的划、梦想等。种用法中常用的 hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。

比如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.那我希望你能来，可是你没有来。

I had thought that all knew about it.我以他都知道件事呢。

七．过去进行时

1.构造：

was/were+的在分 (--ing)

2.用法：

1）表示去某一刻或某一段正在行或生的作。作生的特指常用一个短或

状从句来表示，如： at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ， last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time 以 when 或 while 引的状从句等。

My family were watching TV at that time yesterday.

When I arrived,Tom was talking on the phone.

What were you doing at 9:00 o’clock yesterday morning.

注意：（1）以 when 引的状从句中，从句作，主句用去行，表示一个作生，另一个作正在行。

When he called me , I was having dinner .

（ 2）以 while 引的状从句中，从句与主句的作在去某一刻同行，while 常“当⋯⋯的候，同”。

Tom was doing his homework while his sister was watching TV .

2）、表移的，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等的去行，能够表示

去将要生的作。

比如： She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.

八．过去未来时态

表示去的某此后将要生的作。但个 "未来 "不会延长到― 在；而限于― 去地区内。由此能够看出，含个的句子常一个表示― 去某个点的状。个状或是一个短，或是一个句子。个常用于：

1.构造

a)would/should+原形

b)was/were going to+原形

2.用法

1）、表示从去某看将要生的作或存在的状。常用于主句是一般去的从句或接

引中。

比如： He said that he would finish his work before 9 o’clock.

他他会在九点从前达成工作。

When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be .

当我考件事，我想知道他的反是什么。

2）、表示去的某种性作，只好用would。

比如： Whenever he has been in trouble, we would give him a hand.

每当他碰到困难时，我们总会伸出救助之手。

3）表示过去状况中的―梦想、―偏向，多用于否认句。

No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it .

不论工作有多灾，他总会坚韧不拔地把它干完。

They knew that we would never permit such a thing.

他们知道我们绝不会同意发生这样的事。

Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave .

甚至在讲座结束以后，听众仍不愿离开。

选择

1.The population of the world ____ still ____ now. （ 2009·甘肃兰州）

2.---Good evening. I _______ to see Miss Mary. （ 2009·甘肃兰州）

---Oh, good evening. I ’m sorry, but she is not in.

A. have come

B. come

C. came

D. had come

3.— It ’s time for dinner. Where is your father, Emma?

— He ______ his bike in the yard. （ 2009 ·新疆阜康）

A. clean

B. cleaned

C. is cleaning

D. will clean

4.If you carefully, you the report well.（ 2009·广州）

A. will listen; will be understood

B. will listen; understand

C. listen; will understand

D. listen; understand

5.They about eight hundred English words by the end of last term. （2009·广州）

A. will learn

B. had learned

C. are going to learn

D. have learned

6.— How did the accident happen? （2009·广州）

— You know, it difficult to see the road clearly because it.

A. was; was raining

B. is; has rained

C. is; is raining

D. will be; will rain

7. Attention, please. There a football game between China and Korea this evening.

A. is going to be

B. has been

C. has

D. will have

8.— What does your sister like doing in her spare time ？

— She watching TV . （2009·湖北武汉）

A. likes

B. liked

C. has liked

D. had liked

9. —When Jessy to New York ？

— Yesterday. （ 2009·湖北武汉）

10.— How clean the bedroom is! （2009·湖北武汉）

— Yes, I am sure that someone it.

A. cleans

B. cleaned

C. has cleaned

D. had cleaned

11.My friend ______ me. I have to leave now. （2009·河北）

12.Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he ______（.2009·河北）

13.I ______ the wrong thing. Can I use your eraser? （ 2009·河北）

A. write

B. wrote

C. am writing

D. will write

14. ---Are you going to help John with his Chinese this evening?（2009·山东威海）

---NO, He ______ to England. He will be back next month.

A. returned

B. has returned

C. returns

D. will return

15.---Who ’s won the first prize in the competition? （ 2009·山东烟台）

---Henry______ . He has ______ it for a week.

A. is, won

B. is, got

C. has, had

D. has, been given

16.---Is this the place that you ______ ? （ 2009·四川成都）

---No. I ’ve never been there before.

A. have visited

B. will visit

C. are visiting

D.would visit

17.It ______ outside. You’d better take an umbrella with you. （2009·江西）

A. rains

B. is raining

C. rained

D. has rained

18.---Can I help you? （ 2009·江西）

---I bought this watch here yesterday, but it ______ work.

A. won ’t

B. didn’t

C. doesn’t

D. wouldn ’t

19.I used to love this film when I was young, but I ______ it that way any more. （2009·江苏南京）

A. don ’tfeel

B. didn ’tfeel

C. haven’tfelt

D. hadn’tfelt

20.---How was your trip to the ancient village? （2009·湖北宜昌）

---Fantastic! We ___________to a museum of strange stones.

A. go

B. went

C. are going

D. will go

21.— Where is Peter? （2009·湖南娄底）

— He volleyball with his friends in the school gym.

A. plays

B. played

C. is playing

D.was playing

22.---Hello! Can I speak to Mr. White? （ 2009·江苏无锡）

---Sorry, he isn’there right now. He ______ to the theme park.

A. will go

B. was going

C. has gone

D. has been

23.---______ you ______ your drawing? （ 2009·陕西绥德）

---Not yet! It will be done in a few minutes.

A. Did; finish

B. Will; finish

C. Do; finish

D. Have; finished

24.She ______ as an animal trainer since 2003. （ 2009.北京）

A. has worked

B. works

C. will work

D. have worked

25.They ______ her to the party, so she was very happy. （ 2009.北京）

A. invite

B. invited

C. will invite

D. are inviting

26.Mr. Green ______ to the manager now. You’d better call him later. （ 2009.北京）

A. talk

B. talked

C. is talking

D. was talking

27.Prison Break is the best American TV play that I ______ these years. （ 2009.安徽）

A. watch

B. will watch

C. have watched

D. was watching

28.---Alice, turn down the TV , please. I _________ on the phone.

---Oh, sorry. （2009.安徽）

A. have talked

B. talked

C. am talking

D. talk

29.--- Where are the Greens, may I ask? （2009·吉林通化）

--- Well, they ______ to England. They have been there for nearly a week now.

A. have been

B. are going to

C. have gone

D. will go

30.The teachers_______ the office for a few minutes when we arrived. We didn. ’ t meet them

A. had been away from

B. had left

C. have been away from

D. have left

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