翻译理论与实践(17)

翻译知识与技巧：conversion1.conversion of word classesWhat is expressed in verbal style in Chinese is very often expressed in the nominal style in English,for example:1).他请求领导分配他到基层去工作。

（5 verbs）2). 你写信叫他派人想办法去了解全部情况。

（6 verbs）3). 我去叫他派一个会计到这儿来帮助你算帐吧。

（7 verbs）1.1．onversion from English nouns and adjectives into Chinese verbs and adverbs:1). All peace-loving people demand the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weaspons. 一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器，彻底销毁核武器。

2). From the depths of its being, they are endeavoring to bring about a radical transformation of human life. 他们力图从根本上彻底改变人类生活。

3). He was a clever man; a pleasant companion, a careless student; with a great propensity for running into debt, and a partiality for the tavern. (Vanity Fair) 他是个聪明人，谈吐非常风趣，可是学习上又不肯用功，老是东挪西借，又喜欢上酒点喝酒。

4). Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 用无线电波传送和接收活动物体图象的技术称为电视。

5). No violasion of this principle can be tolerated. 违犯这一原则的行为是不允许的。

1.2．onversion from English adjectives into Chinese verbs:1). She is familiar with English grammar. 她熟悉英语语法。

2). She is content to stay at home. .她甘愿留在家里。

3). The whole village was astir with the news. 消息传来，全村轰动。

4). Sugar and salt are both soluble in water. 糖和盐二者都溶于水。

5). In order to carry through its policies of economic development, peace is necessary for China. 为了执行发展经济的政策，中国需要和平。

1.3．Conversion from English prepositions into Chinese verbs:1).In his early days he abandoned medicine for literature. 他早年就放弃了学医，改学文学。

2). Man can not survive without air. 离开了空气人类不能生存。

3). She ran over the lawn, up the path, down the steps, across the veranda and into the porch.她一路小跑，越过草地，爬上小路，跑下台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。

4). The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process by which the earth regulates the amount of ultraviolet radiation from the sun that is allowed through the atmosphere to the surface.上升了的氯气含量会打乱全球性程序。

通过这一程序地球可以调节来自太阳、穿过大气层、到达地表的紫外线辐射量。

5). China is against hegemony and power politics.中国反对霸权主义和强权政治。

1.4．Conversion from English nouns into Chinese adjectives:1). Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 独立思考在学习上是绝对必要的。

2). I am a perfect stranger to physics. 我对物理一窍不通。

3). The lower stretches of rivers show considerable variety. 河流下游的情况是多种多样的。

4). The meeting was a great success. 会议开得很成功。

5). I have full confidence of the reliability of the information. 我充分相信，信息是可靠的。

1.5．Conversion from English verbs into Chinese nouns:1). Often property damage and disrupted lives result. 结果往往是财产遭受损失，生活受到影响。

2).The Greek word “atom” means“cannot be cut”. 希腊语“原子”一词的意思是“不可分割”。

3). The earth on which we live is shaped like a ball. 我们所居住的地球形状像个球体。

4). The instrument is characterized by its compactness and portability. 这种仪器的特点是结构紧揍，携带方便。

辨义：翻译之本Each word when used in a new context is a new word. (J. R. Firth, 1890--1960)1. George passed.2.the school of the air3. a family treest evening I went to a do held by our China Study Group.5.the see of Sydney6.They wanted us to have tea, but we said we had just had it. Then Miss Standish wanted us to have teaand cake.7.Seven months they spend up there killing themselves in the cane season, and then they come downhere to live a little.8.He is unhappy now, because he had a blue with his friend just now.9.That’s a tall story about the towns’high street.10.She told me that her 18-year-old son was the baby.11.Her mother is a sister in a Melbourne hospital.Do-social function, partySee—official seat, center of authority, of a bishop (教廷)Tea—a meal eaten in the early eveningKill—to make feel great pain or exhaustionLive—to enjoy life to the fullBlue—an argument, quarrel or fightTall—hard to believe, exaggeratedHigh street—the main street os a town or cityBaby—a person of any age, who is the youngest among brothers and sistersSister—senior nurse in a hospitalSome examples of mistranslation from Advanced English:1）As they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and respect: （lesson 2, p13）（他们不停地点头弯腰），致感激之情。

（相互致意）（第二课，p21）2）“if you write about this city, do not forget to say that it is the gayest city in Japan.”（lesson 2, p16）“如果你要写这个城市，别忘了写这里是日本最快乐的城市。

”（第二课，p23）3）With its ability to trap more heat in the atmosphere and slowly warm the earth. （lesson 3, p28）使得更多的热量包裹在大气层中，进而导致地球变暖。

（第三课，p42）4）Surely we must acknowledge a new responsibility to use that power wisely and with appropriate restraint. （lesson 3, p36）我们必须承担一种新的责任，明智地使用那种权利，并加以克制。

（第三课，p45）5）I had not the slightest doubt where our duty and policy lay. Nor indeed what to say. （lesson 5, p77）对于我们的职责所在、政策所归，我没有半点犹豫；对我要发表的讲话也无半点的怀疑。