research methodologies in translation studies
人工智能英文参考文献(最新120个)
人工智能是一门新兴的具有挑战力的学科。
自人工智能诞生以来,发展迅速,产生了许多分支。
诸如强化学习、模拟环境、智能硬件、机器学习等。
但是,在当前人工智能技术迅猛发展,为人们的生活带来许多便利。
下面是搜索整理的人工智能英文参考文献的分享，供大家借鉴参考。
人工智能英文参考文献一：[1]Lars Egevad,Peter Str?m,Kimmo Kartasalo,Henrik Olsson,Hemamali Samaratunga,Brett Delahunt,Martin Eklund. The utility of artificial intelligence in the assessment of prostate pathology[J]. Histopathology,2020,76(6).[2]Rudy van Belkom. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Activities ofa Futurist[J]. World Futures Review,2020,12(2).[3]Reza Hafezi. How Artificial Intelligence Can Improve Understanding in Challenging Chaotic Environments[J]. World Futures Review,2020,12(2).[4]Alejandro Díaz-Domínguez. How Futures Studies and Foresight Could Address Ethical Dilemmas of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence[J]. World Futures Review,2020,12(2).[5]Russell T. Warne,Jared Z. Burton. Beliefs About Human Intelligence in a Sample of Teachers and Nonteachers[J]. Journal for the Education of the Gifted,2020,43(2).[6]Russell Belk,Mariam Humayun,Ahir Gopaldas. Artificial Life[J]. Journal of Macromarketing,2020,40(2).[7]Walter Kehl,Mike Jackson,Alessandro Fergnani. Natural Language Processing and Futures Studies[J]. World Futures Review,2020,12(2).[8]Anne Boysen. Mine the Gap: Augmenting Foresight Methodologies with Data Analytics[J]. World Futures Review,2020,12(2).[9]Marco Bevolo,Filiberto Amati. The Potential Role of AI in Anticipating Futures from a Design Process Perspective: From the Reflexive Description of “Design” to a Discussion of Influences by the Inclusion of AI in the Futures Research Process[J]. World Futures Review,2020,12(2).[10]Lan Xu,Paul Tu,Qian Tang,Dan Seli?teanu. Contract Design for Cloud Logistics (CL) Based on Blockchain Technology (BT)[J]. Complexity,2020,2020.[11]L. Grant,X. Xue,Z. Vajihi,A. Azuelos,S. Rosenthal,D. Hopkins,R. Aroutiunian,B. Unger,A. Guttman,M. Afilalo. LO32: Artificial intelligence to predict disposition to improve flow in the emergency department[J]. CJEM,2020,22(S1).[12]A. Kirubarajan,A. Taher,S. Khan,S. Masood. P071: Artificial intelligence in emergency medicine: A scoping review[J]. CJEM,2020,22(S1).[13]L. Grant,P. Joo,B. Eng,A. Carrington,M. Nemnom,V. Thiruganasambandamoorthy. LO22: Risk-stratification of emergency department syncope by artificial intelligence using machine learning: human, statistics or machine[J]. CJEM,2020,22(S1).[14]Riva Giuseppe,Riva Eleonora. OS for Ind Robots: Manufacturing Robots Get Smarter Thanks to Artificial Intelligence.[J]. Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking,2020,23(5).[15]Markus M. Obmann,Aurelio Cosentino,Joshy Cyriac,Verena Hofmann,Bram Stieltjes,Daniel T. Boll,Benjamin M. Yeh,Matthias R. Benz. Quantitative enhancement thresholds and machine learning algorithms for the evaluation of renal lesions using single-phase split-filter dual-energy CT[J]. Abdominal Radiology,2020,45(1).[16]Haytham H. Elmousalami,Mahmoud Elaskary. Drilling stuck pipe classification and mitigation in the Gulf of Suez oil fields using artificial intelligence[J]. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology,2020,10(10).[17]Rüdiger Schulz-Wendtland,Karin Bock. Bildgebung in der Mammadiagnostik –Ein Ausblick <trans-title xml:lang="en">Imaging in breast diagnostics—an outlook [J]. Der Gyn?kologe,2020,53(6).</trans-title>[18]Nowakowski Piotr,Szwarc Krzysztof,Boryczka Urszula. Combining an artificial intelligence algorithm and a novel vehicle for sustainable e-waste collection[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2020,730.[19]Wang Huaizhi,Liu Yangyang,Zhou Bin,Li Canbing,Cao Guangzhong,Voropai Nikolai,Barakhtenko Evgeny. Taxonomy research of artificial intelligence for deterministic solar power forecasting[J]. Energy Conversion and Management,2020,214.[20]Kagemoto Hiroshi. Forecasting a water-surface wave train with artificial intelligence- A case study[J]. Ocean Engineering,2020,207.[21]Tomonori Aoki,Atsuo Yamada,Kazuharu Aoyama,Hiroaki Saito,Gota Fujisawa,Nariaki Odawara,Ryo Kondo,Akiyoshi Tsuboi,Rei Ishibashi,Ayako Nakada,Ryota Niikura,Mitsuhiro Fujishiro,Shiro Oka,Soichiro Ishihara,Tomoki Matsuda,Masato Nakahori,Shinji Tanaka,Kazuhiko Koike,Tomohiro Tada. Clinical usefulness of a deep learning‐based system as the first screening on small‐bowel capsule endoscopy reading[J]. Digestive Endoscopy,2020,32(4).[22]Masashi Fujii,Hajime Isomoto. Next generation of endoscopy: Harmony with artificial intelligence and robotic‐assisted devices[J]. Digestive Endoscopy,2020,32(4).[23]Roberto Verganti,Luca Vendraminelli,Marco Iansiti. Innovation and Design in the Age of Artificial Intelligence[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management,2020,37(3).[24]Yuval Elbaz,David Furman,Maytal Caspary Toroker. Modeling Diffusion in Functional Materials: From Density Functional Theory to Artificial Intelligence[J]. Advanced Functional Materials,2020,30(18).[25]Dinesh Visva Gunasekeran,Tien Yin Wong. Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology in 2020: A Technology on the Cusp for Translation and Implementation[J]. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology,2020,9(2).[26]Fu-Neng Jiang,Li-Jun Dai,Yong-Ding Wu,Sheng-Bang Yang,Yu-Xiang Liang,Xin Zhang,Cui-Yun Zou,Ren-Qiang He,Xiao-Ming Xu,Wei-De Zhong. The study of multiple diagnosis models of human prostate cancer based on Taylor database by artificial neural networks[J]. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association,2020,83(5).[27]Matheus Calil Faleiros,Marcello Henrique Nogueira-Barbosa,Vitor Faeda Dalto,JoséRaniery Ferreira Júnior,Ariane Priscilla Magalh?es Tenório,Rodrigo Luppino-Assad,Paulo Louzada-Junior,Rangaraj Mandayam Rangayyan,Paulo Mazzoncini de Azevedo-Marques. Machine learning techniques for computer-aided classification of active inflammatory sacroiliitis in magnetic resonance imaging[J]. Advances in Rheumatology,2020,60(1078).[28]Balamurugan Balakreshnan,Grant Richards,Gaurav Nanda,Huachao Mao,Ragu Athinarayanan,Joseph Zaccaria. PPE Compliance Detection using Artificial Intelligence in Learning Factories[J]. Procedia Manufacturing,2020,45.[29]M. Stévenin,V. Avisse,N. Ducarme,A. de Broca. Qui est responsable si un robot autonome vient à entra?ner un dommage ?[J]. Ethique et Santé,2020.[30]Fatemeh Barzegari Banadkooki,Mohammad Ehteram,Fatemeh Panahi,Saad Sh. Sammen,Faridah Binti Othman,Ahmed EL-Shafie. Estimation of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) using New Hybrid Machine Learning Models[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2020.[31]Adam J. Schwartz,Henry D. Clarke,Mark J. Spangehl,Joshua S. Bingham,DavidA. Etzioni,Matthew R. Neville. Can a Convolutional Neural Network Classify Knee Osteoarthritis on Plain Radiographs as Accurately as Fellowship-Trained Knee Arthroplasty Surgeons?[J]. The Journal of Arthroplasty,2020.[32]Ivana Nizetic Kosovic,Toni Mastelic,Damir Ivankovic. Using Artificial Intelligence on environmental data from Internet of Things for estimating solar radiation: Comprehensive analysis[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2020.[33]Lauren Fried,Andrea Tan,Shirin Bajaj,Tracey N. Liebman,David Polsky,Jennifer A. Stein. Technological advances for the detection of melanoma: Part I. Advances in diagnostic techniques[J]. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology,2020.[34]Mohammed Amoon,Torki Altameem,Ayman Altameem. Internet of things Sensor Assisted Security and Quality Analysis for Health Care Data Sets Using Artificial Intelligent Based Heuristic Health Management System[J]. Measurement,2020.[35]E. Lotan,C. Tschider,D.K. Sodickson,A. Caplan,M. Bruno,B. Zhang,Yvonne W. Lui. Medical Imaging and Privacy in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Myth, Fallacy, and the Future[J]. Journal of the American College of Radiology,2020.[36]Fabien Lareyre,Cédric Adam,Marion Carrier,Juliette Raffort. Artificial Intelligence in Vascular Surgery: moving from Big Data to Smart Data[J]. Annals of Vascular Surgery,2020.[37]Ilesanmi Daniyan,Khumbulani Mpofu,Moses Oyesola,Boitumelo Ramatsetse,Adefemi Adeodu. Artificial intelligence for predictive maintenance in the railcar learning factories[J]. Procedia Manufacturing,2020,45.[38]Janet L. McCauley,Anthony E. Swartz. Reframing Telehealth[J]. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America,2020.[39]Jean-Emmanuel Bibault,Lei Xing. Screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with artificial intelligence[J]. The Lancet Digital Health,2020,2(5).[40]Andrea Laghi. Cautions about radiologic diagnosis of COVID-19 infection driven by artificial intelligence[J]. The Lancet Digital Health,2020,2(5).人工智能英文参考文献二：[41]K. Orhan,I. S. Bayrakdar,M. Ezhov,A. Kravtsov,T. ?zyürek. Evaluation of artificial intelligence for detecting periapical pathosis on cone‐beam computed tomography scans[J]. International Endodontic Journal,2020,53(5).[42]Avila A M,Mezi? I. Data-driven analysis and forecasting of highway traffic dynamics.[J]. Nature communications,2020,11(1).[43]Neri Emanuele,Miele Vittorio,Coppola Francesca,Grassi Roberto. Use of CT andartificial intelligence in suspected or COVID-19 positive patients: statement of the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology.[J]. La Radiologia medica,2020.[44]Tau Noam,Stundzia Audrius,Yasufuku Kazuhiro,Hussey Douglas,Metser Ur. Convolutional Neural Networks in Predicting Nodal and Distant Metastatic Potential of Newly Diagnosed Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer on FDG PET Images.[J]. AJR. American journal of roentgenology,2020.[45]Coppola Francesca,Faggioni Lorenzo,Regge Daniele,Giovagnoni Andrea,Golfieri Rita,Bibbolino Corrado,Miele Vittorio,Neri Emanuele,Grassi Roberto. Artificial intelligence: radiologists' expectations and opinions gleaned from a nationwide online survey.[J]. La Radiologia medica,2020.[46]?. ? ? ? ? [J]. ,2020,25(4).[47]Savage Rock H,van Assen Marly,Martin Simon S,Sahbaee Pooyan,Griffith Lewis P,Giovagnoli Dante,Sperl Jonathan I,Hopfgartner Christian,K?rgel Rainer,Schoepf U Joseph. Utilizing Artificial Intelligence to Determine Bone Mineral Density Via Chest Computed Tomography.[J]. Journal of thoracic imaging,2020,35 Suppl 1.[48]Brzezicki Maksymilian A,Bridger Nicholas E,Kobeti? Matthew D,Ostrowski Maciej,Grabowski Waldemar,Gill Simran S,Neumann Sandra. Artificial intelligence outperforms human students in conducting neurosurgical audits.[J]. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery,2020,192.[49]Lockhart Mark E,Smith Andrew D. Fatty Liver Disease: Artificial Intelligence Takes on the Challenge.[J]. Radiology,2020,295(2).[50]Wood Edward H,Korot Edward,Storey Philip P,Muscat Stephanie,Williams George A,Drenser Kimberly A. The retina revolution: signaling pathway therapies, genetic therapies, mitochondrial therapies, artificial intelligence.[J]. Current opinion in ophthalmology,2020,31(3).[51]Ho Dean,Quake Stephen R,McCabe Edward R B,Chng Wee Joo,Chow Edward K,Ding Xianting,Gelb Bruce D,Ginsburg Geoffrey S,Hassenstab Jason,Ho Chih-Ming,Mobley William C,Nolan Garry P,Rosen Steven T,Tan Patrick,Yen Yun,Zarrinpar Ali. Enabling Technologies for Personalized and Precision Medicine.[J]. Trends in biotechnology,2020,38(5).[52]Fischer Andreas M,Varga-Szemes Akos,van Assen Marly,Griffith L Parkwood,Sahbaee Pooyan,Sperl Jonathan I,Nance John W,Schoepf U Joseph. Comparison of Artificial Intelligence-Based Fully Automatic Chest CT Emphysema Quantification to Pulmonary Function Testing.[J]. AJR. American journal ofroentgenology,2020,214(5).[53]Moore William,Ko Jane,Gozansky Elliott. Artificial Intelligence Pertaining to Cardiothoracic Imaging and Patient Care: Beyond Image Interpretation.[J]. Journal of thoracic imaging,2020,35(3).[54]Hwang Eui Jin,Park Chang Min. Clinical Implementation of Deep Learning in Thoracic Radiology: Potential Applications and Challenges.[J]. Korean journal of radiology,2020,21(5).[55]Mateen Bilal A,David Anna L,Denaxas Spiros. Electronic Health Records to Predict Gestational Diabetes Risk.[J]. Trends in pharmacological sciences,2020,41(5).[56]Yao Xiang,Mao Ling,Lv Shunli,Ren Zhenghong,Li Wentao,Ren Ke. CT radiomics features as a diagnostic tool for classifying basal ganglia infarction onset time.[J]. Journal of the neurological sciences,2020,412.[57]van Assen Marly,Banerjee Imon,De Cecco Carlo N. Beyond the Artificial Intelligence Hype: What Lies Behind the Algorithms and What We Can Achieve.[J]. Journal of thoracic imaging,2020,35 Suppl 1.[58]Guzik Tomasz J,Fuster Valentin. Leaders in Cardiovascular Research: Valentin Fuster.[J]. Cardiovascular research,2020,116(6).[59]Fischer Andreas M,Eid Marwen,De Cecco Carlo N,Gulsun Mehmet A,van Assen Marly,Nance John W,Sahbaee Pooyan,De Santis Domenico,Bauer Maximilian J,Jacobs Brian E,Varga-Szemes Akos,Kabakus Ismail M,Sharma Puneet,Jackson Logan J,Schoepf U Joseph. Accuracy of an Artificial Intelligence Deep Learning Algorithm Implementing a Recurrent Neural Network With Long Short-term Memory for the Automated Detection of Calcified Plaques From Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography.[J]. Journal of thoracic imaging,2020,35 Suppl 1.[60]Ghosh Adarsh,Kandasamy Devasenathipathy. Interpretable Artificial Intelligence: Why and When.[J]. AJR. American journal of roentgenology,2020,214(5).[61]M.Rosario González-Rodríguez,M.Carmen Díaz-Fernández,Carmen Pacheco Gómez. Facial-expression recognition: An emergent approach to the measurement of tourist satisfaction through emotions[J]. Telematics and Informatics,2020,51.[62]Ru-Xi Ding,Iván Palomares,Xueqing Wang,Guo-Rui Yang,Bingsheng Liu,Yucheng Dong,Enrique Herrera-Viedma,Francisco Herrera. Large-Scale decision-making: Characterization, taxonomy, challenges and future directions from an Artificial Intelligence and applications perspective[J]. Information Fusion,2020,59.[63]Abdulrhman H. Al-Jebrni,Brendan Chwyl,Xiao Yu Wang,Alexander Wong,Bechara J. Saab. AI-enabled remote and objective quantification of stress at scale[J]. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control,2020,59.[64]Gillian Thomas,Elizabeth Eisenhauer,Robert G. Bristow,Cai Grau,Coen Hurkmans,Piet Ost,Matthias Guckenberger,Eric Deutsch,Denis Lacombe,Damien C. Weber. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, State of Science in radiation oncology and priorities for clinical trials meeting report[J]. European Journal of Cancer,2020,131.[65]Muhammad Asif. Are QM models aligned with Industry 4.0? A perspective on current practices[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2020,258.[66]Siva Teja Kakileti,Himanshu J. Madhu,Geetha Manjunath,Leonard Wee,Andre Dekker,Sudhakar Sampangi. Personalized risk prediction for breast cancer pre-screening using artificial intelligence and thermal radiomics[J]. Artificial Intelligence In Medicine,2020,105.[67]. Evaluation of Payer Budget Impact Associated with the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Vitro Diagnostic, Kidneyintelx, to Modify DKD Progression:[J]. American Journal of Kidney Diseases,2020,75(5).[68]Rohit Nishant,Mike Kennedy,Jacqueline Corbett. Artificial intelligence for sustainability: Challenges, opportunities, and a research agenda[J]. International Journal of Information Management,2020,53.[69]Hoang Nguyen,Xuan-Nam Bui. Soft computing models for predicting blast-induced air over-pressure: A novel artificial intelligence approach[J]. Applied Soft Computing Journal,2020,92.[70]Benjamin S. Hopkins,Aditya Mazmudar,Conor Driscoll,Mark Svet,Jack Goergen,Max Kelsten,Nathan A. Shlobin,Kartik Kesavabhotla,Zachary A Smith,Nader S Dahdaleh. Using artificial intelligence (AI) to predict postoperative surgical site infection: A retrospective cohort of 4046 posterior spinal fusions[J]. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery,2020,192.[71]Mei Yang,Runze Zhou,Xiangjun Qiu,Xiangfei Feng,Jian Sun,Qunshan Wang,Qiufen Lu,Pengpai Zhang,Bo Liu,Wei Li,Mu Chen,Yan Zhao,Binfeng Mo,Xin Zhou,Xi Zhang,Yingxue Hua,Jin Guo,Fangfang Bi,Yajun Cao,Feng Ling,Shengming Shi,Yi-Gang Li. Artificial intelligence-assisted analysis on the association between exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and incidence of arrhythmias in outpatients of Shanghai community hospitals[J]. Environment International,2020,139.[72]Fatemehalsadat Madaeni,Rachid Lhissou,Karem Chokmani,Sebastien Raymond,Yves Gauthier. Ice jam formation, breakup and prediction methods based on hydroclimatic data using artificial intelligence: A review[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology,2020,174.[73]Steve Chukwuebuka Arum,David Grace,Paul Daniel Mitchell. A review of wireless communication using high-altitude platforms for extended coverage and capacity[J]. Computer Communications,2020,157.[74]Yong-Hong Kuo,Nicholas B. Chan,Janny M.Y. Leung,Helen Meng,Anthony Man-Cho So,Kelvin K.F. Tsoi,Colin A. Graham. An Integrated Approach of Machine Learning and Systems Thinking for Waiting Time Prediction in an Emergency Department[J]. International Journal of Medical Informatics,2020,139.[75]Matteo Terzi,Gian Antonio Susto,Pratik Chaudhari. Directional adversarial training for cost sensitive deep learning classification applications[J]. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2020,91.[76]Arman Kilic. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Cardiovascular Health Care[J]. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery,2020,109(5).[77]Hossein Azarmdel,Ahmad Jahanbakhshi,Seyed Saeid Mohtasebi,Alfredo Rosado Mu?oz. Evaluation of image processing technique as an expert system in mulberry fruit grading based on ripeness level using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machine (SVM)[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2020,166.[78]Wafaa Wardah,Abdollah Dehzangi,Ghazaleh Taherzadeh,Mahmood A. Rashid,M.G.M. Khan,Tatsuhiko Tsunoda,Alok Sharma. Predicting protein-peptide binding sites with a deep convolutional neural network[J]. Journal of Theoretical Biology,2020,496.[79]Francisco F.X. Vasconcelos,Róger M. Sarmento,Pedro P. Rebou?as Filho,Victor Hugo C. de Albuquerque. Artificial intelligence techniques empowered edge-cloud architecture for brain CT image analysis[J]. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2020,91.[80]Masaaki Konishi. Bioethanol production estimated from volatile compositions in hydrolysates of lignocellulosic biomass by deep learning[J]. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2020,129(6).人工智能英文参考文献三：[81]J. Kwon,K. Kim. Artificial Intelligence for Early Prediction of Pulmonary Hypertension Using Electrocardiography[J]. Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation,2020,39(4).[82]C. Maathuis,W. Pieters,J. van den Berg. Decision support model for effects estimation and proportionality assessment for targeting in cyber operations[J]. Defence Technology,2020.[83]Samer Ellahham. Artificial Intelligence in Diabetes Care[J]. The American Journal of Medicine,2020.[84]Yi-Ting Hsieh,Lee-Ming Chuang,Yi-Der Jiang,Tien-Jyun Chang,Chung-May Yang,Chang-Hao Yang,Li-Wei Chan,Tzu-Yun Kao,Ta-Ching Chen,Hsuan-Chieh Lin,Chin-Han Tsai,Mingke Chen. Application of deep learning image assessment software VeriSee? for diabetic retinopathy screening[J]. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association,2020.[85]Emre ARTUN,Burak KULGA. Selection of candidate wells for re-fracturing in tight gas sand reservoirs using fuzzy inference[J]. 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西方翻译理论
一．The North American Translation Workshop(早期北美翻译学派)Development:①The North American Translation Workshop began to study the human’s brain function in the translation .② It also put forward the nature and the definition of the translation③It purposed many questions about epistemology which made a difference in the translation study and practice.④ It also doubt the standard of translation evaluation.⑤The scholars in NATW subverted many traditional translation school and expressive form.⑥ It believed that translation is a kind of literary criticism.While opening up new perspectives, the general approach as practiced in the North American Translation Workshop might be characterized by a theoretical naive and subjective methodologies that tend to reinforce whatever theoretical values individual translators hold.1.I. A. RichardsRichards is a critic, linguist, poet, founder of New Criticism. He is often labeled as the father of the New Criticism, largely because of the influence of his first two books of critical theory, The Principles of Literary Criticism and Practical Criticism.Richards’s initial premises remain intact: he still believed that the field consists of texts containing a primary body of experience that readers could discern; with the proper training, a consensus could be reached regarding what that experience might be.Richards’s aims were threefold: (1) to introduce a new kind of documentation into contemporary American culture; (2) to provide a new technique for individuals to discover for themselves what they think about poetry; (3) to discover new educational methods.2. Ezra PoundEzra Pound’s theory of translation focused upon the precise rendering of details, of individual words and of single or even fragmented images;Pound’s theoretical writing fall into two periods: an early imagist phase that, while departing from traditional forms of logic, still occasionally contained abstract concepts and impressions; and a second late imagist or vorticist phase that was based on words in action and luminous details;Pound's emphasis was less on the "meaning" of the translated text or even on the meaning of specific words. Instead, he emphasized the rhythm, diction, and movement of words;Pound supposes that we can have a creative translation besides literal translation and free translation.3.Frederic WillMeaning is redefined by Will as thrust or energy. Meaning is redefined by Will not as something behind the words or text, not as an essence in a traditional metaphysical sense, but as different, as thrust of energy, something which is at the same time indeterminate and groundless and universal and originary. Translation is possible both because dynamic universals constantly and continually thrust and because language is impenetrable. In translation Will seems to find a possible / impossible paradox of language which not only defines the translation process, but defines how we come to know ourselves through language.wrence VenutiAn influential scholar among those who have broadened translation studies within the social-cultural framework is Lawrence Venuti. He put forward two translation strategies: Demesticating translation and Foreignising translation.Lawrence Venuti’s contribution to translation studies are multiple: He criticizes the humanistic underpinning of much literary translation in the United States and shows how it reinforces prevailing domestic beliefs and ideologies;He Provides a new set of terms and methods for analyzing translations;He offers a set of alternative strategies he would like translators to try.二．The Science of Translation (翻译科学派) Development:North American translation workshop might be characterized by a theoretical naive and subjective;The problem is not just a contemporary phenomenon in North America, but one that has troubled translation theory historically;People practiced translation, but they were never quite sure what they were practicing.Until early sixties, linguists has been characterized by largely descriptive research in which individual grammars were detailed. Generative transformational grammar along with its legitimacy within the field of linguistics, lent credence and influence to Nida’s science of translation.1.Noam ChomskyThe phrase structure rules generate the deep structure of a sentence, which contained all the syntactic and semantic information that determine its meaning;Chomsky’s empirical evidence of language structure is not based upon living language but on sentences found only in an ideal state;He does not claim that the deep structure are universal.The form of a particular language does not necessarily equal the form of another.2.NidaHe proposed formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence;He tries to lay the ground work for a larger audience;Nida simplifies Chomsky’s transformation-generative grammar and adopt only the later two part of the model in order to validate his science.3.Wolfram WilssWilss’s science of translation is divided into three related but separate branches of research: (1) a description of a “general science” of translation which involves translation theory. (2) “descriptive studies”of translation relating empirical phenomenon of translation equivalence;(3) “applied research”in translation point out particular translation difficulties and ways of solving specific problems.Wilss’s argument is based less on scientific argument and more on intuition.Wilss’s work has evolved over the course of the past two decades,especially his descriptive studies, which works with pair-bound cases and explores the various possibilities for their translation.4.Functionalist theories in German language countries:Katharina Reiss; Hans Vermeer; Christiane Nord三．The Early Translation Studies（早期翻译学派）Development: P77（包括挑战、特点、目标、研究方法、影响）1.James Holmes:（如果全面解释的话，就找书91页）or （如果只是简要概括，就可以直接从91页开始找点）2.Raymond Van den Broeck: Who addressed the problem of equivalence in translation from the perspective of translation studies.3.André Lefevere : Rewriting-Translation is a rewriting of an original text. All rewritings, whatever their intention, reflect a certain ideology and a poetics and as such manipulate literature to function in a given society in a given way.Rewriting is manipulation, undertaken in the service of power, and in its positive aspect can help in the evolution of a literature and a society. Rewritings can introduce new concepts, new genres, new devices. But rewriting can also repress innovation, distort and contain.4.JiříLevý: Levy’s theory also reinforced a by product of Formalism: in addition to the awareness of the correspondence of sign to object, there is the necessary opposite function simultaneously in process, namely that the relationship between sign and object is always inadequate.5.BassnettBassnett divides Translation Studies into four categories:History of translation;Translation in the TLcultureTranslation and linguisticsTranslation and poetic四．Polysystem Theory（多元系统学派）Development:With the incorporation of the historical horizon, polysystem theorists changed the perspective that had governed traditional translation theory and began to address a whole new series of questions. Not only are translations and interliterary connections between cultures more adequately described, but intraliterary relations within the structure of a given cultural system and actual literary and linguistic evolution are also made visible by means of the study of translated texts.1.Turij Tynjanov :According to him, any new literary work must necessarily deconstruct existing unities, or by definition it ceases to be literary.Two changes in Tynjaov’s thinking became apparent: first, “literariness”could not be defined outside of history.And second, formal unities receded in importance as the systemic laws were elevated.Tynjaov’s major contribution to literary theory was to extend, in a logical fashion, the parameters of formalism to include literary and norms.2.Itamar Even-Zohar:Even-Zohar adopted Tynjanov’s concept of system. He developed the polysystem hypothesis while working on a model for Israeli Hebrew literature. In a serious of papers written from 1970 and 1977 and collect in 1978 as “Papers in Historical Poetics”He first introduced the term “polysystem”to refer to the entire network of correlated system within society. Thus, it is a global term covering all of the literary system both major and minor existing in a given culture.He developed an approach called polysystem theory to attempt to the function of all kinds of writing within a given culture from the central canonical texts to the most marginal non-canonical texts.3.Gideon Toury:He believes that descriptive study is very important, and he distinguishes three kinds of translation norms: preliminary, initial and operational norms.Several aspects of Toury’s theory have contributed to development withing the field:(1) the abandonment of one-to-one notions of correspondence as well as the possibility off literary/linguistic equivalence (2) the involvement of literary tendencies within the target culture system in the production of any translated text.(3) the destabilization of the notion of an original message with a fixedidentity;(4) the integration of both the original text and the translated text in the semiotic web of interesting cultural systems.五．Deconstruction (解构主义学派)Development:The development of translation school is deeply influenced by the trend of the times. In the mid-1960s, the theoretical circles in the West made a rebellion against structuralism and the deconstruction emerged. It also called post structuralism. From the late 1980s to the early 1990s, the influence of this trend of thought has expand gradually and has a huge impact on the traditional translation theory. Deconstructionists analyze the differences, slips, changes, and elisions that are part of every text.Deconstruction is a literary theory and philosophy of language derived principally from Jacques Derrida's 1967 work Of Grammatology. The premise of deconstruction is that all of Western literature and philosophy implicitly relies on metaphysics of presence, where intrinsic meaning is accessible by virtue of pure presence. Deconstruction denies the possibility of a pure presence and thus of essential or intrinsic meaning.1.FoucaultFoucault attempts to break down the traditional notion of the author,and instead suggests we think in terms of “author-function”Foucault thinks of the author as a series of subjective positions determined not by any single harmony of effects but by gaps, discontinuities and breakages.2.HeideggerHis thought turns more and more to language as he essay unfolds, and he continually raises the question of being. Only to see any resemblance of an answer simultaneously disappear as he comes closer to coherently structuring the question.Heidegger’s translation theory marks a significant shift, for he is not uncovering any author’s original intention, bur recovering a property of language itself.3.Jacques DerridaDerrida’s main theoretical point seems to be that there is no pour meaning, no thing to be presented, behind language, nothing to be represented.Derrida prefers the term “regulated transformation”over that translation, for he argues we will never have the transport of pure signified from one language to another.Derrida’s deconstructive theory rises in the middle of last century. It opens a “post- philosophy”era and it applied to the study of translation.Through its discussion of the Nature of language and the concern of words, he introduces key items like “Différance” and “play of trace”.。
国际学术交流英语教程unit8 -回复
国际学术交流英语教程unit8 -回复Unit 8 - Challenges and Opportunities in International Academic Exchange ProgramsIntroduction:International academic exchange programs play a crucial role in promoting global collaboration and knowledge sharing among universities and scholars worldwide. These programs provide opportunities for students, researchers, and professors to engage in cross-cultural learning experiences that enhance their academic, professional, and personal growth. However, there are various challenges associated with international academic exchange programs. In this article, we will discuss the challenges and opportunities in these programs and explore potential strategies to address them effectively.Challenges in International Academic Exchange Programs:1. Language Barrier:One of the major challenges in international academic exchange programs is the language barrier. When students or researchersfrom different countries come together, they often face difficulties in communicating effectively due to language differences. This can hinder their ability to collaborate, share ideas, and fully engage in the academic discourse. It is essential to address this challenge by providing language support services such as language courses, translation tools, and language exchange programs to ensure effective communication among participants.2. Cultural Differences:Another significant challenge in international academic exchange programs is cultural differences. Participants from different cultural backgrounds may have diverse perspectives, values, and communication styles, which can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. It is crucial to promote cultural sensitivity and understanding among participants through pre-departure orientations, cultural awareness training, and intercultural workshops. These initiatives will help create a harmonious and inclusive environment for participants to learn from each other's cultures and perspectives.3. Academic Disparity:International academic exchange programs often involvecollaborations between institutions with varying academic standards and curriculum structures. This can create challenges for participants in terms of adapting to different teaching and learning methods, evaluating academic achievements, and meeting the academic requirements of the host institution. To address this challenge, it is essential to establish clear guidelines and expectations for participants and provide academic support services such as tutoring, mentorship programs, and credit transfer assistance to ensure a smooth transition and academic success.4. Funding and Accessibility:Financial constraints and limited accessibility are significant challenges faced by many individuals who wish to participate in international academic exchange programs. Many students and researchers are unable to afford the cost of travel, accommodation, and living expenses associated with these programs. Additionally, individuals from underrepresented regions or marginalized communities may face barriers in accessing these opportunities due to systemic inequalities. To overcome these challenges, it is necessary to explore funding options such as scholarships, grants, and sponsorships targeted towards individuals with financial difficulties. Moreover, efforts should be made to ensure inclusivityand diversity in participant selection by actively reaching out to underrepresented communities and regions.Opportunities in International Academic Exchange Programs:1. Knowledge and Skill Enhancement:International academic exchange programs offer unique opportunities for participants to expand their knowledge and skills. By immersing themselves in different academic environments, participants can gain exposure to diverse perspectives, research methodologies, and approaches to problem-solving. This exposure broadens their intellectual horizons and equips them with a global mindset, adaptability, and critical thinking skills. Additionally, participants can utilize state-of-the-art facilities, resources, and expertise available at the host institution to enhance their research capabilities and contribute to cutting-edge discoveries.2. Networking and Collaboration:International academic exchange programs provide an excellent platform for networking and collaboration. Participants have the opportunity to connect with scholars, researchers, and professionals from different parts of the world, enabling them toestablish valuable academic and professional relationships. These relationships can lead to collaborative research projects, joint publications, and exchange of ideas even beyond the duration of the program. Networking and collaboration through international exchange programs can significantly enhance participants' academic and career prospects.3. Intercultural Competence:Engaging in international academic exchange programs fosters the development of intercultural competence among participants. The exposure to different cultural practices, social norms, and perspectives enhances their ability to navigate and work effectively in diverse and multicultural environments. This skill is highly valued in today's globalized world and is essential for success in various academic and professional fields. Intercultural competence gained through international exchange programs equips participants with the ability to adapt, communicate, and collaborate across cultures, making them more competitive and sought-after in the job market.Conclusion:International academic exchange programs offer numerouschallenges and opportunities for individuals seeking cross-cultural learning experiences. While language barriers, cultural differences, academic disparities, and funding limitations pose challenges, these can be effectively addressed through language support, cultural sensitivity training, academic support services, and inclusive selection processes. In international academic exchange programs, participants have the opportunities to enhance their knowledge and skills, expand their networks, and develop intercultural competence. By recognizing and effectively addressing the challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities, international academic exchange programs can continue to foster global collaboration and contribute to the advancement of knowledge and understanding across borders.。
翻译研究的跨学科性质之分析(英文)
2012年9月第25期科技视界SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY VISION 科技视界Science &Technology Vision0IntroductionBefore the 1970s,translation theorymainly derived fromcomparative linguistics,and linguistics was seen as the main discipline which functions to influence translation theory estab⁃lishment.Since the 1970s,translation scholars have begun todraw on theoretical fundamentals and methodologies borrowed from other disciplines.Peter Newmark once mentioned “Transla⁃tion theory is not only an interdisciplinary study;it is even afunction of the disciplines I have briefly alluded to.”(Newmark,P.1981:7)To clarify the significance of interrelated studies fortranslation theory,I intend to present how translation theory is affected and benefits from relevant disciplines based on the fol⁃lowing four perspectives,namely Semiotics (Translation Defini⁃tion),Psychology(Translation Nature),Machine translation(Translation Classification),Feminism (Translation Criteria).1Perspective of Semiotics (Translation Defini⁃tion)Translation is definitely not just a simple word -matchingprocess,nor does it merely involve finding comparable gram⁃matical units from one language to another.That is why we cannot render hot potato to“热洋芋”instead of“棘手之事”and “九五折”to 5percent discount,not 95percent discount.I first start to clarify the interdisciplinarity of translation theory with the definition of translation in terms of semiotics,the science ofsigns.In light of semiotics,translation is defined as a cross-lan⁃guage,cross-culture,and cross-social communicative activity.Here is a case to show in detail what translation is from theperspective of semiotics.The example is as follows:──您贵姓?—May I know your name,sir?──不敢,姓王。
ma与mti区别英语作文
ma与mti区别英语作文Title: Differentiating Between MA and MTI in English Writing。
In the realm of English language studies, the distinction between MA (Master of Arts) and MTI (Master of Translation and Interpreting) is crucial yet often blurred. Both programs delve into the intricacies of language, but their focuses and outcomes differ significantly. This essay aims to elucidate the disparities between MA and MTI in English writing.Firstly, the Master of Arts in English typically encompasses a broader spectrum of studies. It delves into literature, linguistics, cultural studies, and possibly creative writing. The emphasis is not solely on language proficiency but also on critical analysis, literary theory, and cultural context. MA programs often require students to conduct research, write theses, and engage in academic discourse.Conversely, the Master of Translation and Interpreting zeroes in on the practical skills required for effective translation and interpreting. While language proficiency is still paramount, the curriculum is tailored to honespecific translation and interpreting techniques. This includes training in various modes of translation (literary, technical, legal, etc.), interpreting methods (consecutive, simultaneous), and specialized terminology in specificfields like law, medicine, or business.Another notable difference lies in the career pathseach program prepares students for. An MA in English opens doors to a myriad of professions, including academia, publishing, editing, journalism, and more. Graduates are equipped with critical thinking abilities, research skills, and a deep understanding of language and literature,allowing for diverse career trajectories.On the other hand, an MTI degree primarily gears students towards careers in translation and interpreting. Graduates often find employment as translators formultinational corporations, government agencies, international organizations, or freelance translators working in various domains. The demand for skilled translators and interpreters in our increasingly globalized world renders MTI graduates highly sought after.Moreover, the methodologies employed in these programs differ significantly. MA programs typically involve seminars, lectures, workshops, and extensive reading assignments. Students engage in critical discussions, write analytical essays, and present research findings. The emphasis is on theoretical understanding and academic discourse.In contrast, MTI programs adopt a more hands-on approach. Students participate in translation workshops, interpreting practice sessions, and real-world simulations. They are tasked with translating diverse texts,interpreting speeches or dialogues, and receiving feedback from instructors and peers. The focus is on practical application and skill development in translation and interpreting settings.Furthermore, the assessment criteria vary between MA and MTI programs. In MA programs, evaluation often revolves around essays, research papers, exams, and presentations. The emphasis is on demonstrating critical thinking, analytical prowess, and mastery of theoretical concepts.Conversely, MTI programs assess students based on translation and interpreting proficiency. This may include translation assignments, interpreting tests, language proficiency exams, and practical assessments of performance in various translation and interpreting scenarios. The focus is on evaluating the ability to accurately and effectively convey meaning between languages.In conclusion, while both MA and MTI programs delveinto the realm of language and communication, they cater to distinct academic and professional objectives. MA programs encompass a broader academic spectrum, fostering critical thinking and research skills, while MTI programs concentrate on practical translation and interpretingskills tailored for specific professional endeavors.Understanding these differences is crucial for prospective students to make informed decisions about their academic and career paths in the realm of English language studies.。
中国人民大学英语语言文学硕士培养计划
中国人民大学英语语言文学硕士培养计划China University of People's English Language and Literature Master's Training ProgramIntroductionChina University of People's English Language and Literature Master's Training Program aims to cultivate high-quality talents with comprehensive knowledge and skills in English language and literature. The program provides advanced and specialized training in English language proficiency, literary theory, critical analysis, and research methodologies to prepare students for careers in academia, research, and related fields.Program StructureThe English Language and Literature Master's Training Program at China University of People is a two-year full-time program divided into four semesters. The curriculum consists of a combination of core courses, elective courses, seminars, and thesis research. Students are required to complete a minimum of 36 credits including coursework, seminars, and thesis work, with an emphasis on independent research and critical thinking.Core CoursesThe core courses in the program cover a wide range of topics in English language and literature, including but not limited to English linguistics, literary theory, British and American literature, world literature, and cultural studies. Through these courses, students will gain a solid foundation in the theoretical and practical aspects of English language and literature, and develop critical thinking and analytical skills.Elective CoursesIn addition to core courses, students can choose from a variety of elective courses based on their interests and career goals. Elective courses may include topics such as postcolonial literature, feminist literary theory, comparative literature, translation studies, and creative writing. These courses allow students to explore specialized areas of English language and literature and customize their learning experience.SeminarsThroughout the program, students will participate in seminars to discuss research topics, present their work, and receive feedback from faculty and peers. Seminars provide an opportunity for students to engage in in-depth discussions, refine their research ideas, and enhance their academic writing and presentation skills. Students are expected to activelyparticipate in seminars and contribute to a collaborative learning environment.Thesis ResearchThe thesis research component of the program is designed to help students develop skills in independent research and critical analysis. Students are required to propose a research topic, conduct a literature review, collect and analyze data, and write a thesis under the guidance of a faculty advisor. The thesis should demonstrate originality, academic rigor, and contribute to the field of English language and literature.FacultyThe English Language and Literature Master's Training Program at China University of People is taught by a team of experienced and dedicated faculty members who are experts in their respective fields. Faculty members are actively engaged in research and publication, and are committed to mentoring students and fostering a supportive academic environment. Students will benefit from personalized attention, guidance, and mentorship from faculty throughout their academic journey.AdmissionsAdmission to the English Language and Literature Master's Training Program at China University of People is highly competitive and selective. Applicants are required to have a bachelor's degree in English language and literature or a related field, and demonstrate proficiency in English through standardized tests such as the TOEFL or IELTS. In addition, applicants are required to submit a statement of purpose, letters of recommendation, and writing samples to demonstrate their academic potential and research interests.ConclusionThe English Language and Literature Master's Training Program at China University of People offers a rigorous and comprehensive training in English language and literature, aimed at preparing students for successful careers in academia, research, and related fields. Through a combination of core courses, elective courses, seminars, and thesis research, students will develop advanced skills in English language proficiency, literary theory, critical analysis, and research methodologies. The program is designed to cultivate talents who are well-rounded, innovative, and capable of making significant contributions to the field of English language and literature.。
华中师范大学英语语言文学培养计划
华中师范大学英语语言文学培养计划全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Huazhong Normal University English Language and Literature Cultivation ProgramIntroductionAs one of the leading universities in China, Huazhong Normal University (HZNU) is committed to providinghigh-quality education to its students. The English Language and Literature Cultivation Program at HZNU is designed to equip students with a solid foundation in English language skills and literature knowledge, as well as critical thinking and communication skills. Through this program, students will have the opportunity to explore different aspects of English language and literature, including language acquisition, literary analysis, and cultural studies.Program StructureThe English Language and Literature Cultivation Program at HZNU is a comprehensive program that covers a wide range of topics in English language and literature. The program is dividedinto four main components: language skills, literature studies, cultural studies, and research methods. Each component is designed to help students develop a deep understanding of English language and literature, as well as the ability to critically analyze and interpret texts.Language SkillsIn the language skills component of the program, students will focus on improving their proficiency in English speaking, listening, reading, and writing. They will have the opportunity to practice their language skills through a variety of activities, such as group discussions, presentations, and writing assignments. In addition, students will study grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation to enhance their overall language abilities.Literature StudiesThe literature studies component of the program introduces students to a wide range of literary genres, periods, and authors. Students will study major works of English literature, such as novels, plays, and poems, and learn how to analyze and interpret literary texts. They will also explore different literary theories and approaches to literary analysis, allowing them to develop a critical understanding of literature.Cultural StudiesThe cultural studies component of the program focuses on the cultural and historical context of English language and literature. Students will learn about the social, political, and economic factors that have influenced the development of English language and literature, as well as the impact of globalization on the English-speaking world. They will also study the diverse cultures and traditions of English-speaking countries, gaining a deeper understanding of the cultural significance of English language and literature.Research MethodsIn the research methods component of the program, students will learn how to conduct research in the field of English language and literature. They will be introduced to different research methodologies, such as textual analysis, literary criticism, and cultural studies, and learn how to collect, analyze, and interpret data. Students will also develop their own research projects, allowing them to explore topics of interest in depth.Benefits of the ProgramThe English Language and Literature Cultivation Program at HZNU offers many benefits to students. By completing theprogram, students will develop strong English language skills, critical thinking abilities, and research skills, preparing them for a wide range of careers in fields such as education, publishing, journalism, and international relations. In addition, students will have the opportunity to study abroad and participate in cultural exchange programs, gaining valuable international experience and expanding their global perspective.ConclusionThe English Language and Literature Cultivation Program at HZNU is a rigorous and comprehensive program that provides students with the knowledge, skills, and experience they need to succeed in the field of English language and literature. Through this program, students will develop a deep understanding of English language and literature, as well as critical thinking and communication skills, preparing them for a successful career in the global marketplace.篇2华中师范大学英语语言文学培养计划Introduction:The English Language and Literature Development Program at Central China Normal University aims to provide students witha comprehensive and well-rounded education in English language and literature. Through a combination of rigorous coursework, research opportunities, and extracurricular activities, the program seeks to cultivate students' language proficiency, critical thinking skills, and cultural awareness.Curriculum:The curriculum of the program is designed to cover a wide range of topics in English language and literature, including but not limited to British and American literature, linguistics, translation studies, and cultural studies. Students are required to take a series of core courses that provide them with a solid foundation in these areas, as well as elective courses that allow them to explore their own interests and develop their expertise in specific topics.Research Opportunities:In addition to coursework, students in the program are encouraged to engage in independent research projects under the guidance of faculty members. These projects may take the form of term papers, senior theses, or research assistantships, and provide students with valuable experience in conducting academic research and writing. Students may also have theopportunity to present their research at conferences and publish their work in academic journals.Extracurricular Activities:The program organizes a variety of extracurricular activities to supplement students' learning and enhance their cultural awareness. These activities may include film screenings, literary readings, language exchange programs, and study abroad opportunities. Through these activities, students have the chance to interact with speakers of English from diverse backgrounds and develop their language skills in real-world settings.Career Development:Upon completion of the program, graduates are prepared for a wide range of career paths in the fields of education, publishing, translation, journalism, and more. The program provides students with the skills and knowledge necessary to succeed in these fields, as well as career counseling and networking opportunities to help them secure employment after graduation.Conclusion:The English Language and Literature Development Program at Central China Normal University offers students a unique andcomprehensive education in English language and literature. Through a combination of coursework, research opportunities, and extracurricular activities, the program seeks to prepare students for successful careers in a variety of fields. We welcome students who are passionate about English language and literature to join us and embark on a fulfilling and rewarding academic journey.篇3Hua Zhong Normal University English Language and Literature Cultivation ProgramIntroductionHua Zhong Normal University (HZNU) is a prestigious institution in China known for its excellence in English language education. The English Language and Literature Cultivation Program at HZNU is designed to provide students with a comprehensive and innovative education in English language and literature. This program aims to no t only develop students’ language proficiency but also to cultivate their critical thinking skills and cultural awareness.CurriculumThe English Language and Literature Cultivation Program at HZNU offers a diverse range of courses that cover various aspects of English language and literature. Students will study a wide range of subjects including English grammar, composition, phonetics, linguistics, American and British literature, and world literature. The curriculum is designed to provide students with a strong foundation in English language and literature while also allowing them to explore their interests and develop their own unique voice.In addition to traditional classroom-based learning, the English Language and Literature Cultivation Program at HZNU also incorporates experiential learning opportunities such as internships, study abroad programs, and research projects. These opportunities allow students to apply their knowledge inreal-world settings and gain hands-on experience in the field of English language and literature.FacultyThe faculty members of the English Language and Literature Cultivation Program at HZNU are a team of highly qualified and experienced educators who are passionate about teaching and research. They are committed to providing students with a supportive and engaging learning environment in which theycan thrive academically and personally. The faculty members are not only experts in their respective fields but also mentors who guide and inspire students to achieve their full potential.FacilitiesHZNU offers state-of-the-art facilities and resources to support the English Language and Literature Cultivation Program. The university has a well-equipped language lab, library, and computer facilities that provide students with access to a wide range of learning materials and resources. In addition, HZNU has partnerships with a number of international universities and institutions, which allows students to participate in exchange programs and collaborations with scholars and students from around the world.Career ProspectsGraduates of the English Language and Literature Cultivation Program at HZNU are well-prepared for a wide range of career opportunities in fields such as education, publishing, journalism, translation, and cultural exchange. The program equips students with the knowledge, skills, and experiences needed to succeed in a globalized world where English language proficiency and cultural competence are increasingly important. Graduates of the program are also prepared to pursue advanced studies in Englishlanguage and literature or related fields at prestigious universities both in China and abroad.ConclusionThe English Language and Literature Cultivation Program at HZNU is a comprehensive and innovative program that provides students with a solid foundation in English language and literature. The program is designed to cultivate students’ language proficiency, critical thinking skills, and cultural awareness, while also providing them with hands-on learning opportunities and connections to the international academic community. Graduates of the program are well-prepared for a wide range of career opportunities and further studies, making them valuable contributors to the global society.。
给图书馆提建议的英语四级作文
给图书馆提建议的英语四级作文Title: Enhancing Our Library Experience: Suggestions for ImprovementIn the heart of our academic journey, the library stands as a beacon of knowledge and inspiration. It is a sanctuary where minds converge, ideas flourish, and dreams take shape. However, to ensure it remains a vibrant hub of learning, continuous improvement is imperative. Here are a few suggestions aimed at enhancing our library experience, fostering a more conducive environment for intellectual growth.1. Digital Integration EnhancementFirstly, embracing digital advancements can significantly enrich our library experience. Integrating advanced search engines and e-book platforms would streamline access to vast collections, enabling students to quickly locate and download resources from anywhere, anytime. Additionally, implementing virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies could create immersive learning experiences, making complex concepts more accessible and engaging.2. Collaborative Study SpacesSecondly, fostering a collaborative learning environment is crucial. Designating more spaces equipped with modern technology, such as whiteboards, projectors, and comfortable seating arrangements, would encourage group discussions and project-based learning. This not only promotes teamwork skills but also enhances creativity and critical thinking.3. Quiet Zones for ConcentrationOn the other hand, recognizing the need for solitude and deep concentration, expanding quiet zones is equally important. Ensuring these areas are soundproof and well-lit, with ample natural light, would create an ideal atmosphere for individual study and research.4. Regular Workshops and SeminarsThirdly, hosting regular workshops and seminars on various topics, ranging from research methodologies to digital literacy, would empower students with essential skills. These events can also serve as platforms for networking and idea sharing, fostering a vibrant intellectual community.5. Accessibility and InclusivityLastly, prioritizing accessibility and inclusivity is paramount. Ensuring the library is fully accessible to individuals with disabilities, offering assistive technologies, and providing multilingual resources would ensure that everyone can benefit from its offerings. Furthermore, promoting diversity in book collections and events can broaden perspectives and enrich our learning experiences.In Conclusion:Our library is a treasure trove of knowledge, and its continuous evolution is vital to nurturing a thriving academic community. By enhancing digital integration, fostering collaboration, preserving quiet zones, organizing informative workshops, and ensuring accessibility and inclusivity, we can elevate our library experience to new heights. Let us work together to create a library that inspires, educates, and connects us all.Translation:提升图书馆体验的建议在我们学术旅程的核心，图书馆是知识的灯塔和灵感的源泉。
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research methodologies in translation studies
研究方法论是翻译研究领域中一项至关重要的研究领域。
它为研究人员提供了不同的研究方法和工具，以便从不同的角度和视角对翻译现象进行深入的研究。
在翻译研究领域中，研究方法包括定量和定性研究方法，文献研究，社会学研究和历史研究等。
通过使用这些方法，研究人员可以探索诸如翻译的历史和文化背景、翻译的语言和文化差异、翻译的过程和策略等核心问题。
此外，翻译研究中的质性研究方法，如认知翻译学、功能翻译学和交际翻译学等，也得到广泛应用。
这些方法主要关注翻译中译者的认知过程、翻译的交际目的和翻译对社会文化的影响等方面。
在翻译研究领域中，研究方法的选择取决于研究问题、研究目的和研究对象等因素。
因此，研究人员需要仔细考虑研究方法的选择，并确保所选方法能够有效地回答研究问题和实现研究目的。
总之，研究方法论在翻译研究中具有重要意义。
通过使用不同的研究方法和工具，研究人员可以深入了解翻译现象，探索翻译过程中的关键问题，并为翻译实践和教育提供有价值的参考。
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