2020年上海高考英语概要写作同义替换和句式
2020上海高考英语：概要写作同义替换及句式
一、常用的词汇替换
1.词义替换(1)名词
①担忧:worry→concern②建议:suggestion→proposal
③影响:influence→impact④目标:target→goal
⑤难题:problem→issue⑥机会:chance→opportunity
⑦垃圾:litter→rubbish, trash⑧发展:development→advance, progress
⑨住所:house→shelter ⑩困难:difficulty→obstacle, barrier, challenge
人:people→individual, person, human
优势:advantage→merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
老人:old people→the aged, the elderly
缺陷:disadvantage→drawback, downside, weakness
干旱:with no rain at all→dr ought 方法:method→way, approach
地区:district→zone, place, region, area 姿势:pose→gesture
冒险:adventure→expedition 财富,财产:wealth→fortune, property 高速公路:expressway→freeway 居民:resident→citizen
塞车:jam→congestion 原因:reason→factor
(2)动词
①减轻:ease→relieve②提倡:propose→advocate
③讨厌:hate→dislike, be fed up with, be
bored with
④鼓励,激发:encourage→motivate, fuel
⑤对……感兴趣:be interested in→be
caught up in, be crazy about, be keen on,
be fond of
⑥阻止:prevent→stop
⑦充分利用:make full use of→make the
most/best of,take advantage of
⑧相似:look like→resemble
⑨完成:accomplish→achieve, finish⑩抵挡:stand up to→withstand, resist,
oppose
处理:deal with→handle
采取措施:take action→take measures, take steps
加速:speed up→accelerate
出发去某地:set off for→head for, leave for
经历:undergo→experien ce
降低至:fall to→decline to, decrease to, drop to
要求:request→demand, require消除:clear→eliminate, remove
确保:ensure→assure, guarantee, make
sure
宣称:declare→claim
给予:give→offer, provide, supply保持:keep→preserve, reserve, maintain 导致:lead to→cause, g ive rise to, result
in
暴露:reveal→expose
使:make→enable提高:improve→enhance
改变:change→transform, alter
与……联系:associate with→connect with
建立:build→establish, set up得到:get→acquire, obtain
拥有:have→possess, own感谢:thank→appreciate
表达:express→conve y 解决:solve→cope with, deal with, resolve 帮助:help→assist, aid步行:walk→cover
确信:make sure→ensure
认为:think→claim, consider, believe, insist, hold
损害:damage→hurt, injure, harm,
impair, endanger
保护:protect→conserve, preserve
致力于:be devoted to→be com mitted
to
展示:show→reveal, illustrate, present 允许某人做某事:give sb. permission to
do sth.→allow sb. to do sth.
预订:book→reserve
推迟:put off→delay转换:switch→convert, transform
禁止:forbid→ban, prohibit 区分:tell sth./sb. apart→distinguish 由……构成:be made up of→be
composed of, consist of
维持:sustain→support, maintain
承担责任:shoulder/undertake one's
duty→be responsible for, take
responsibility
增加:be on the rise→increase, multiply 尽力做某事:do sth. to the best of one's
ability→try one's best to do sth., spare no effort to do sth., make every effort to do sth.
专心致志于:put one's heart into→be absorbed in, be bent on, be buried in
(3)形容词
①乏味的:boring→dull, tiresome②害怕的:afraid→frightened, scared
③出名的:famous→notable, renowned ④显然的:obvious→apparent, evident, clear
⑤严重的:severe→serious ⑥有益的:useful→helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding
⑦新的:new→fresh, brand new, novel⑧粗鲁的:rude→impolite ⑨怀疑的:doubtful→skeptical,
suspicious, incredulous
⑩快速的:fast→speedy
最便宜的:the least expensive→the cheapest
许多:many→a sea of, an oce an of, abundant, numerous, considerable
巨大的:big→enormous, vast, massive, tremendous
聪明的:clever→smart, gifted, sharp-minded
好的:good→fantastic, magnificent,
outstanding, remarkable
穷的:in poverty→poor, needy
悲伤的:sad→depressed, frustrated
重要的:importan t→significant, essential, critical, vital, crucial
基本的:fundamental→basic, essential 神圣的:sacred→holy
充足的;富裕;富有:rich in→plentiful, 少量的:a small number of→a handful of
ample, generous, abundant
主要的:primary→main
合理的:reasonable→sensible, rational, sound
勇敢的:brave→fearless, bold,
courageous
开心的:happy→cheerful, delightful 艰难的:difficult→tough, challenging 有害的:harmful→damaging, ruinous 传统的:traditional→conventional 生气的:angry→annoyed, irritated
最初的:initial→original 疲劳的:worn→tired, exhausted
(4)副词
①非常:very→extremely, intensely,
extraordinarily
②最后:finally→eventually, ultimately
③起先:firstly→originally, initially ④大约:approximately→almost, about, around, nearly, roughly
⑤肯定地:certainly→definitely, undoubtedly, obviously, apparently ⑥经常,总是:frequently→c onstantly, always
⑦立刻:right now→immediately, shortly, right away ⑧事实上:as a matter of fact→practically, in practice, in reality, in effect, in fact
⑨平稳地:steadily→smoothly ⑩决不,从不:never→on no account, at no time, under no circumstances
偶尔,有时:now and then→at times,
occasionally
很少:rarely→seldom
每天:day in and day out→every day 缓慢地,轻微地:slightly→slowly, mildly 仅仅:only→merely 完全地:totally→absolutely, completely 目前:at present→nowadays, recently 急剧地:dramatically→sharply, steeply
(5)其他替换
①我认为:in my opini on→personally,
from my perspective
②关于:with regard to→as for
③虽然:despite/regardless the fact
that→although
④同时:at the same time→meanwhile
⑤同时:at the same time→in the meantime ⑥因为:on account of the fact that→because
⑦对比:on the other hand→by contrast, on the contrary ⑧此外:in addition→besides, furthermore, moreover
2.词性转换
①追求:pursue v.→pursuit n.②受伤:injure v.→injured adj.受伤的→injury n.受伤
③重要的:important adj.→be of
importance n.
④受欢迎:popular adj.→popularity n.
⑤强调:put an emphasis on
n.→emphasize v.
⑥更喜欢:pre fer v.→preference n.
⑦讨论:have a discussion of n.→discuss
v.
⑧缺乏:a lack of n.→lack v.
⑨比较:comparison n.→compare v.⑩倾向于:have a tendency to do n.→tend to do v.
需要:have a need for n.→need v.
调查:conduct an investigation n.→investigate v.
决定:make a decis ion n.→decide v.
解释:give an explanation of n.→explain v.
创造性:creativity n.→creative adj.各种不同的:a variety of n.→various adj.评估:assess v.→assessment n.指派,布置作业:assign v.→assignment n.
方便:convenience n.→convenient adj.
辨别:distinguish v.→distinguish ed adj.突出的
评估:evaluate v.→evaluation n.
使烦恼:annoy v.→annoying adj.令人烦恼的→annoyance n.烦恼
二、常用的写作句式
(一) 提出建议的句型
I suggest that… Why not do…? Why don’t you do…?
You would better do/ not do… If I were you，I would……
It seems to me that you could…… You may consider doing…
I feel that it would be beneficial if… You may consider doing…
I think it would be more beneficial if you could……
As you may agree that I would like to suggest that…
(二) 结尾常用格式
I hope that my suggestions are helpful for your decision-making anyway.
I would be more than happy to see improvement in this regard.
I believe that you will take my suggestions into serious account.
I would be ready to discuss about this matter with you to further details.
Whatever you decide to do，good luck with your studies/work！
(三) 连接词
1.Firstly：previously, initially, foremost(adv,第一adj.最重要的)
2.Generally: principally, mainly, basically, fundamentally,
3.Then：subsequently（随后陆续的）, afterward（时间上的）, thereafter（逻辑上的）, secondarily, furthermore
https://www.360docs.net/doc/9116486109.html,stly：ultimately, eventually, in conclusion, as a final point, last but not least,
5.Too: in addition, besides, moreover, additionally
6.And: plus, as well as, along with, in addition
7.Or: otherwise, if not, before, or else
8.So (adv): therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly,
9.Because: as, due to, since, as to, in that, for the reason that, for, now that
10.But: however, moreover, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, even if, while, despite the fact that
11.Only: just, merely, barely, singly, solely, rarely
12.Very: extremely, acutely, decidedly, deeply, exceedingly, greatly, highly,
13. Actually: as a matter of fact, indeed, literally, truly
14. Important: essential, significant, vital, crucial, profound, play a pushing, requisite, critical, fundamental, primary, elementary, underlying, rudimentary, basically, necessary…
EXAMPLE:
（1）A is important to B.
（2）A plays an/a important role to B
（3）A is of (great\enormous\significant\awesome) to B.
（4）A means (a lot\a great deal\much) to B.
（5）The importance of A (to B) can never be （denied\ignored\doubted).
（6）Nothing is more crucial to B than A.
（7）A is to B what the foundation is to a skyscraper.
15.difficult: demanding(劳神费力的),laborious（艰苦的）,formidable（艰巨的）
16.many: numerous, myriad, infinite,
quantities of a (large) number of / (large) numbers of + 可数名词复数
plenty of +可数名词复数/不可数名词 a good/great many + 可数名词复
a large/huge amount of / large amounts of + 不可数many a + 可数名词单数Small: minimum, diminutive, minute, petite, wee, undersized, teeny, tiny,
17.little：petite（女子身高娇小）
18.bad: adverse(不利的), negative
19.good: excellent, outstanding, extraordinary, remarkable
20.Big: massive, enormous, tremendous, giant, vast, large, huge, bulky,
21.boring; dull, tiresome, tedious(乏味的)
ep: He that can read and meditate will not find his evenings long or life tedious.
22.worried: anxious, apprehensive, fraught
23.sad: depressed(无望的，失落的) ；gloomy(情绪低落的)
ep: She felt very depressed about the future.
ep: They found him in gloomy, downbeat mood.
24.frustrated(沮丧的)
ep: Both sides appeared very frustrated at the lack of progress.
25.famous: renowned
ep: The region is renowned for its outstanding natural beauty.
26.notable：noticeable
ep: The book stands out as one of the notable landmarks in the progress of modern science.)
27.abundant: ample, plentiful, generous
28.different: various, a variety of, diverse
https://www.360docs.net/doc/9116486109.html,mon: universal, pervasive(普遍的,普通的)
30.doubted: skeptical, suspicious(怀疑的)
ep: Most organizations are, quite understandably, suspicious of new ideas.
31.interesting: amusing, entertaining, engaging
32.brave: courageous, bold, fearless
33.reasonable: sound, rational, sensible
34.poor=needy
35.rich=wealthy
36.Without：excluding
英语写作同义词替换练习
第一讲 引发激烈讨论，热门话题，激烈争论，广泛关注 heated, hot, long-running, controversial, hotly-debated a matter of (global )concern, (burning, pressing, thorny)issue, controversy, subject, focus, topic. be put on the agenda trigger, spark, arouse intense, fierce, contentious/ debate, discussion, argument arouse people’s wide concern/ / wide public concern/curiosity/attention, make people worried become public focus/ the focus of the society more and more people---an increasing number of people more and more useful---increasingly useful 人---事物 More and more people waste ---The growing rate of waste have people calling it an epidemic a lot of ---a considerable number of/ massive/ different people have different ideas towards it----people’s ideas towards it differ from one to another. ., views on this issue vary greatly. try to—attempt to, intend to think – argue, claim , deem , insist if – provided that, assuming that, supposing that 一写作常用关键词句： 1．认为，断言：think, believe, argue, hold, contend, state, claim, suppose, advocate, assume, point out, point to, allege, assert personally, as for me, as far as I am concerned, for my part 2．许多：a large number of, a large amount of, a considerable number of, a host of, dozens of, scores of, the bulk of, a majority of 大部分的，a minority of小部分的 3．如今、目前：in contemporary society, nowadays, at present, recently, currently, in recent decades 4．越来越：increasing, growing 5．重要，必要，肯定主导，关键，根本, 意义重大：important, necessary, essential, vital, crucial, influential, overwhelming, primary, overriding, principal，fundamental, elementary, cardinal, significant, indispensable, dominant, key, leading, prominent, decisive, major, gist, crux关键，症结所在 6．关注、重视、强调、优先考虑、把…放首要位置：highlight, pay attention to, attract…, raise…concern, arouse… concern, call for…concern, attach importance to, give p riority to, lay emphasis/stress on
写作中常用同义替换词
写作中常用同义替换词 1. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 2.有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 3.流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive 4.提高, 加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 5. 老人：old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens 6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being 7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers 8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing 9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents 10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue 11. 责任：responsibility = obligation = duty = liability 12. 能力：ability = capacity = power = skill 13. 职业：job = career = employment = profession 14. 娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment 15. 孩子：children = offspring = descendant= kid 16. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 17. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 18. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 19. 积极的, 好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 20. 消极的, 不良的：bad = undesirable=unfavorable 21. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 22. 健康的: healthy = sound = wholesome 23. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 24. 影响：influence= impact= effect, 25. 危险：danger =hazard 26. 污染：pollution = contamination 27. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race 28. 引起：cause = result in=lead to =trigger 29. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 30. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate 31. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 32. 激发, 鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 33. 认为：think = assert= hold = claim = argue 34. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 35. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold 36. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize 37. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten 38. 可能：presumably, probably, perhaps, supposedly 39. 承认：without doubt=there is no denying that=admittedly 40. 表明：illustrate= demonstrate= suggest= reflect= indicate 41. 好：favorable=positive=promising=pleasurable=excellent=outstanding 42. 不好：negative=dreadful=unfavorable=adverse
上海市高考概要写作9篇(有答案)
01 - Sales Strategies How can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other words, what is the role of the salespe the salesperson’s job narrative, suggest ive, or consultive? The “narrative” sales strategy depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same and is also well suited to companies who have a large number of prospects on which to call. The “suggestive” approach is tailored more for the individual customer. The salesperson must be in a position to offer alternative recommendations that meet a particular customer’s n key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service. The final strategy demands that a company’s sales staff act as “consultants” for this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed presentation tailored specifically to a consumers needs. More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. As a result, corporations are looking more at intangibles (无形资产) such as creativity and analytical skills and less at educational background and technical skills. Sales strategies are classified as narrative, suggestive and consultive. Salespeople use the narrative strategy to promote products with standard presentations. The suggestive approach requires the salesperson to recommend a suitable product after talking with customers. The consultive strategy demands that salespeople acquire information about customers and act as their “consultants”. Nowadays more and more sales teams prefer the consultive approach. (60 words) 02 - When You Hear the Final Whistle One of the hardest things for any sportsperson to do is to know when to retire. But even harder is finding the answer to the question “What am I going to do with the rest of my life?
雅思写作常用同义词替换100个
雅思写作常用同义词替换100个 1. people=individuals 人们 (Those who) 2. many people=a majority of people = most of people大多数人 3. a lot of=a great deal of=plenty of 很多（修饰不可数名词） 4. a great number of=a large amount/quantity of=considerable amount o f= a large variety of很多（可数名词） 5. plentiful=abundant 丰富的，大量的 6. expensive=pricy 贵的 7. thing=item=goods 东西，物品 8. humans=human beings=human race=mankind 人类 9. benefit=conduce to=help=contribute to=aid to 有助于（动词） 10. harm=damage=endanger=undermine 危害（动词） 11. beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding)=do good to/be good for 有好处的（形容词） 12. harmful=detrimental=damaging有害的（形容词）
13. education=schooling 教育 14. think=believe=hold=maintain=consider=take for=agree认为 15. oppose=object to=be against=disagree 反对 16. support=be in favor of=be for 支持 17. as for me=as far as I am concerned=in the eyes of 对我来说 18. in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=in my point of view=personally 我的观点是 19. as …develop(s)=with the development of...=with the progress of…=as…advances随着…的发展（注意什么时候用动词，什么时候用名词） 20. quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate 很快（副词） 21. in addition=besides=furthermore=moreover=apart from=in spite of= Despite=what’s more 此外（提出新信息） 22. because=as=for=since 因为（加句子） 23. because of=due to=owing to=thanks to =attribute to 因为（加名词）
雅思写作常用近义同义词替换表
Part 1 A A band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群 A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of一系列Accelerate=speed up加速 Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成 Accomplish=achieve （V）完成，达成，成就 Attend=participate in 参加 Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得 Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体 Aim.n=objective=goal 目的 Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调 An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列 Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作 Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约 Appreciation=interest 欣赏 As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而 As well as=and和 As well=too也 Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上 At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地Automatically ensure=guarantee确保 B Be similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似 Be used to=be devoted to专门用于 Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于 Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊 Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地 C Calculate=measure 衡量 Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐 Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的 Chronic=long term 慢性病的 Complain=illness 病症 Concern n. =focus关心的问题
英语写作常用同义词替换
英语写作常用同义词替换100个 1. people=individuals人们(Those who) 2. many people=a majority of people 大多数人 3. a lot of=a great deal of=plenty of 很多（修饰不可数名词） 4. a great number of=a large quantity of=considerable amount of很多（可数名词） 5. plentiful=abundant 丰富的，大量的 6. expensive=pricy 贵的 7. thing=item 东西，物品 8. humans=human beings=human race 人类 9. benefit=conduce to=help=contribute to 有助于（动词） 10. harm=damage=endanger=undermine 危害（动词） 11. beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding) 有好处的（形容词） 12. harmful=detrimental=damaging有害的（形容词） 13. education=schooling 教育 14. think=believe=hold 认为 15. oppose=object to=be against 反对 16. support=be in favor of=be for 支持 17. as for me=as far as I am concerned 对我来说 18. in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=personally 我的观点是 19. as …develops=with the development of...=with the progress of…=a s…advances随着…的发展（注意什么时候用动词，什么时候用名词） 20. quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate 很快（副词）
(完整版)2020上海高考英语一模概要写作指导写作汇编
上海高考英语题型训练: 写作 2020高三第一学期期末质量抽查 IV. Summary Writing （10 分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 松江 It goes without saying that the language spoken by the majority of British people has the same name as the language spoken by most citizens of the U.S.A. Nonetheless, quite apart from well-documented lexical （词汇的）differences - pavement/sidewalk, lift/elevator, etc. - there are still some words and phrases which can cause confusion and misunderstanding between speakers of the two different forms. That's why sonic people say that Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language. There are practical reasons for this. When the first English settlers arrived in what we now call America, the language they spoke was naturally the same as that spoken by their compatriots （同胞）on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. However, they immediately saw things which didn't exist in Europe, often items used and made by Native Americans, such as canoes and moccasins and creatures such as buffalo. They also picked up words which they heard being used by other European immigrants. The word "boss”,for example, was used by settlers from Holland in New York in the mid-17th century. It comes from the Dutch word "baas'" which means master. The word "cookie" also comes from the Dutch "koekje”. There are many words, phrases and even grammatical structures which are mistaken for Americanisms （美式英语用语）in Britain when they are nothing of the sort. Very often, they represent not an American import, but an original form of British English which has disappeared in Britain. The verbs "guess” meaning think and “loan” me aning lend and the adjective "mad" meaning angry are frequently criticized as Americanisms, yet they all appeared in British English hundreds of years ago. In the case of “loan”, it was used as long ago as 1,200 years! In fact, English spoken in the UK has changed so thoroughly in the last 500 years that American English now represents the last place where some original British English forms can be found. 参考答案：Although American English and British English are the same language, there are great differences. Two reasons account for the phenomenon. New words were created after the first English settlers in America saw new things and learned words from other Europeans. Additionally, some original expressions have been changed by British people while they are still being used by Americans. 崇明 Giving Thanks This is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we're thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years? Gratitude is a
高考英语阅读、写作中同义词替换
问题Problem: issue, dilemma 会议Meeting: conference, discussion 学习Study: application, consideration 好处Advantage: benefit, dominance , profit 坏处Disadvantage: inconvenience, drawback ,harm , bad side 男子 male ,man, guy 女子 female , woman , lady 注意力 eyes ,attention, fame 目的 purpose , intention , goal , aim 规则 principle，rule， 形容词/副词 重要的Important: essential, significant, play a pushing role, fundamental 大的Big: massive, enormous 许多many: numerous, infinite 永远forever (adv): everlasting， undying 小的Small: minimum, diminutive 好的Good: marvelous, gorgeous, awesome 坏的Bad: awful, terrible, imperfect 聪明的Clever: brilliant, knowledgeable 开心地Happy: delightful, delectable 漂亮的Beautiful: charming, attractive, engaging 快的Fast：swift, rapid, speedy 容易的Easy: simple, effortless 清楚的Clear: obvious, apparent 困难的Difficult: complicated, complex 生气的Angry: annoyed, displeased 危险的Dangerous: perilous, breakneck 特别的 special , particularly , stand out, 基本的 basic , essential 昂贵的 expensive ,not cheap , costly 特别的 special , unique , main feature , particular, stand out 尴尬的 awkward, embarassing 逐渐地 slowly , gradually , not rapidly , not sharply , not quickly 满意的 content ，satisfied 支持的 supportive， positive , approving , backing , in favor of , stand by 不确定的 uncertain , unclear 怀疑的 doubtful， puzzled 反对的 disapproving , negative , disappointed , unfavorable , opposed to 焦虑的 worried , anxious , trembling 连词篇：（介词，副词） 首先Firstly: previously, beforehand, fundamentally, to begin with 其次Then: afterward, what is more, furthermore
写作中的同义词替换
四六级考前冲刺必读：英语写作中高级同义词替 换 英语写作中高级同义词替换 连词篇：（介词，副词） Firstly: previously, beforehand,foremost, initially, originally, formerly, principally, mainly,essentially, basically, generally, commonly, universally, on the whole,fundamentally, to begin with, to start wit h, first of all, at the outset… Then: subsequently, afterward,thereafter, after that, secondarily, what ismore, furthermore (further more)… Lastly:ultimately, eventually, inconclusion, to conclude, as a final point, last of all, last but notleast, finally… Too: as well (句末)也, inaddition, besides, moreover, additionally, to boot, excessively, also… And: plus, as wellas, along with, in addition, bonus, with… Or: otherwise, if not,before, or else… So (adv):therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly, as a result, for that reason,hence, that’s why Because: as, due to,since, as to, in that, for the reason that, for, now that… But:however,moreover, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, on the otherhand, 让步although, eventhought, though, even if, while, as, despite the fact that… Only: just, merely, barely,singly, solely, rarely… Without: excluding, Very: extremely, acutely,decidedly, deeply, exceedingly, greatly, highly, uncommonly, profoundly,unusually… Actually: as a matter offact, indeed, in fact, in point of fact, in reality, in truth, literally,truly … 形容词/副词
写作中可用的同义词替换
动词替换： 1.Improve 提高： Promote: 促进AC之间的贸易promote the trade between A and C; He was promoted to senior manager in this company. Advance: our understanding of human genetics has considerably(非常的，可换做vastly) advanced. Enhance: the publicity has enhanced his reputation.这次宣传提高了他的名望 Reinforce: reinforce the interference of the autority and its ability of macroeconomic control 加强政府的干预和宏观调控能力 2.change 改变： Transform:多指改头换面，完全改变，不能用于形容slight change。说到人口变化：the increasing population has transformed the landscape and structure of local industry structure.人口剧增改变了小镇的景色以及当地的工业结构 3.Emphasize 强调： Highlight：the report highlight the decline in the numbers of native(可以换作local) plants and insects. highlight/emphase the significance/magnitude of… 强调…的重要性 Stress: He stresses the need for parents to listen to their children. Accentuate: the crisis accentuates the gap between rich and poor. Address: address the ponderance of manipulating the inosculation between… and… in the right perspective 强调正确处理…关系的重要性 (highlight and emphasize 的区别：highlight是告诉人们重点，因而能够让别人注意，类似于老师勾重点；而emphasize则是使重点清晰，不管别人是否能注意得到。而stress则和emphasize差不多) 4.Develop培养： Cultivate: cultivate the ability of … ；培养情操；cultivate a more relaxed and positive way towards life.
上海高考英语各类体裁概要写作技巧-word文档
上海高考英语概要写作技巧 Rubrics for summary writing (2019-9-14) 评分标准: 1. 本题总分为15分, 其中内容10分, 语言5分。（这部分还有待最终确认，可能是5+5） 2. 评分时应注意的主要方面: 内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。 3. 词数超过60，酌情扣分。 各档次给分要求: 内容部分 A. 能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息。 B. 能准确概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏个别主要信息。 C. 能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。 D. 未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。 E. 几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。 F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。 语言部分 A. 能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。 B. 能用自己的语言较连贯、正确地表述，但有个别语言错误。 C. 基本能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述，但连贯性较差，且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。 D. 基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。 E. 几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。 F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。 把握文体特点 记叙文：what who when where why how 议论文：opinion/ idea+ argument (supporting ideas / reasons) 说明文：phenomenon/ problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant) 新闻：a focus on the first paragraph, and the first or last sentence of the other paragraphs 样题解读 Dirt Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine.