032799). Increasing Opportunities for Reuse Through Tool and Methodology Support for Enterp

合集下载

商务英语高级试题及答案

商务英语高级试题及答案一、词汇题（每题1分，共10分）1. The company is looking for a _______ to expand its market share.A) strategyB) tacticC) policyD) procedure2. The _______ of the new product launch was a success.A) initiationB) inceptionC) commencementD) implementation3. The _______ of the project was delayed due to unforeseen circumstances.A) completionB) executionC) initiationD) termination4. The _______ of the company's financial report is scheduled for next week.A) releaseB) publicationC) issuanceD) distribution5. The _______ of the company's profits has been a concern for the shareholders.A) fluctuationB) stabilityC) consistencyD) stagnation6. The _______ of the company's assets is a crucial part of the audit process.A) valuationB) assessmentC) evaluationD) estimation7. The _______ of the merger was approved by the board of directors.A) proposalB) suggestionC) recommendationD) initiative8. The _______ of the contract is expected to be completed within a month.A) negotiationB) discussionC) deliberationD) consultation9. The _______ of the market has led to a decrease in sales.A) saturationB) expansionC) contractionD) diversification10. The _______ of the company's products has been a keyfactor in its success.A) innovationB) imitationC) replicationD) standardization答案：1-5 A B A A A6-10 A C A A A二、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读以下商务文章，回答下列问题。

The Digital Age Challenges and Opportunities

The Digital Age Challenges andOpportunitiesThe digital age has brought about a myriad of challenges and opportunitiesthat have significantly impacted various aspects of our lives. From the way we communicate and conduct business to the way we access information and entertainment, the digital revolution has reshaped our world in profound ways. In this essay, we will explore the multifaceted nature of the digital age, delvinginto the challenges it presents as well as the opportunities it offers. One ofthe most pressing challenges of the digital age is the issue of privacy and security. With the proliferation of digital platforms and the collection of vast amounts of personal data, individuals are increasingly vulnerable to breaches of their privacy. Cybersecurity threats, such as hacking and identity theft, have become pervasive in the digital landscape, posing a significant risk to both individuals and organizations. Moreover, the advent of social media has blurredthe lines between public and private life, raising concerns about the protectionof personal information in the digital realm. Furthermore, the digital age has given rise to the phenomenon of information overload. While the internet has democratized access to information, it has also inundated us with a deluge of data, making it challenging to discern the credible from the dubious. The proliferation of fake news and misinformation has eroded trust in traditional media sources and has the potential to manipulate public opinion. Navigating this sea of information has become a daunting task, requiring critical thinking and digital literacyskills that not everyone possesses. In addition to these challenges, the digital age has also brought about significant opportunities for innovation and advancement. The interconnectedness afforded by digital technology has revolutionized the way we collaborate and conduct business. The rise of e-commerce has transformed the traditional retail landscape, offering consumers unprecedented convenience and access to a global marketplace. Moreover, the digital age has democratized creativity, providing platforms for artists, writers, and musiciansto showcase their talents to a global audience. Another notable opportunity presented by the digital age is the advancement of education and learning. Onlinelearning platforms and digital resources have made education more accessible and flexible, allowing individuals to acquire new skills and knowledge on their own terms. The digital age has also revolutionized the way we communicate and connect with others, transcending geographical boundaries and fostering global communities. In conclusion, the digital age presents a complex tapestry of challenges and opportunities that have reshaped the way we live, work, and interact. While issues such as privacy and information overload pose significant hurdles, the digital age also offers unprecedented opportunities for innovation, connectivity, and learning. As we navigate this digital landscape, it is imperative to address the challenges while harnessing the opportunities to create a more inclusive, secure, and prosperous digital future.。

高三英语经济现象阅读理解30题

高三英语经济现象阅读理解30题1<背景文章>In today's globalized world, economic integration has become an increasingly prominent trend. Global economic integration refers to the process by which countries around the world are becoming more closely connected in terms of trade, investment, and financial flows. This trend has brought many benefits, but it also poses some challenges.One of the main benefits of global economic integration is increased trade. As countries open up their markets to each other, businesses can access a wider range of customers and suppliers. This leads to increased competition, which can drive down prices and improve the quality of goods and services. In addition, global economic integration has led to the transfer of technology and knowledge across borders. This has helped developing countries to catch up with more advanced economies and has contributed to overall economic growth.However, global economic integration also brings some challenges. One of the main challenges is the increased competition for jobs. As companies can now access a global labor market, workers in developed countries may face competition from lower-wage workers in developing countries. This can lead to job losses and wage stagnation in some sectors.Another challenge is the potential for economic instability. As countries become more interconnected, economic shocks in one country can quickly spread to others. This can lead to financial crises and recessions that affect multiple countries.Despite these challenges, global economic integration is likely to continue in the future. As technology continues to advance and transportation costs continue to fall, it will become even easier for businesses to operate across borders. In addition, countries are increasingly recognizing the benefits of cooperation and are working together to address common challenges such as climate change and poverty.In conclusion, global economic integration is a complex phenomenon that has both benefits and challenges. While it has brought many positive changes, it also requires countries to work together to address the challenges it poses. Only by doing so can we ensure that global economic integration continues to contribute to sustainable economic growth and development.1. What is global economic integration?A. The process by which countries become more isolated.B. The process by which countries are becoming more closely connected in terms of trade, investment, and financial flows.C. The process by which countries only focus on domestic markets.D. The process by which countries limit technology transfer.答案：B。

2019年专升本公共英语作文

2019年专升本公共英语作文As globalization continues to accelerate, the importanceof learning a second language has become increasingly evident. English, as the most widely spoken language in the world, has emerged as the lingua franca of international communication. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals to developproficiency in English in order to thrive in the globalized world.For students pursuing a higher education, particularly those seeking to obtain a bachelor's degree through the adult college entrance examination, known as the "专升本" in China, mastering English is essential. Not only does it open up opportunities for further academic pursuits, but it also enhances one's employability in an increasingly competitivejob market.In academic settings, being able to understand and communicate effectively in English is crucial for students to access a wealth of knowledge that is predominantly available in English. From textbooks and research papers to online resources and academic conferences, a strong command of English can significantly facilitate the acquisition of knowledge and the exchange of ideas with scholars from around the world.Furthermore, in the professional world, English proficiency has become a basic requirement for many jobs, especially those in multinational corporations or industries with a global reach. Employers often prioritize candidates who are capable of communicating with international clients, partners, and colleagues in English. Therefore, individuals with a solid foundation in English have a competitive edge in the job market and are more likely to secure lucrative career opportunities.In addition to academic and professional benefits, learning English also fosters personal growth and cultural enrichment. By studying English, individuals gain access to a wealth of literature, films, music, and art from English-speaking countries, which broadens their cultural horizons and enables them to appreciate diverse perspectives and experiences.In conclusion, the ability to communicate effectively in English is essential for individuals seeking to succeed in an increasingly interconnected world. Whether pursuing higher education, advancing one's career, or expanding one'scultural horizons, mastering English opens up a world of opportunities and enhances one's competitiveness in the global arena. Therefore, students preparing for the "专升本" examination should prioritize developing their English skills in order to thrive in the 21st century.。

国际经济学第九版英文课后答案第7单元讲课讲稿

国际经济学第九版英⽂课后答案第7单元讲课讲稿国际经济学第九版英⽂课后答案第7单元CHAPTER 7ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INTERNATIONAL TRADEOUTLINE7.1 Introduction7.2 Growth of Factors of Production7.2a Labor Growth and Capital Accumulation Over Time7.2b The Rybczynski Theorem7.3 Technical Progress7.3a Neutral, Labor-Saving, and Capital-Saving Technical Progress7.3b Technical Progress and the Nation's Production FrontierCase Study 7-1: Changes in Relative Resource Endowments of Various Countries and Regions Case Study 7-2: Change in Capital-Labor Rations in Selected Countries7.4 Growth and Trade: The Small Country Case7.4a The Effects of Growth on Trade7.4b Illustration of Factor Growth, Trade, and Welfare7.4c Technical Progress, Trade, and WelfareCase Study 7-3: Growth of Output per Worker from Capital Deepening, TechnologicalChange, and Improvements in Efficiency7.5 Growth and Trade: The Large-Country Case7.5a Growth and the Nation's Terms of Trade and Welfare7.5b Immiserizing Growth7.5c Illustration of Beneficial Growth and TradeCase Study 7-4: Growth, Trade, and the Giants of the Future7.6 Growth, Change in Tastes, and Trade in Both Nations7.6a Growth and Trade in Both Nations7.6b Change in Tastes and Trade in Both NationsCase Study 7-5: Change in the Revealed Comparative Advantage of Various Countries or RegionsCase Study 7-6: Growth, Trade, and Welfare in the Leading Industrial NationsAppendix: A7.1 Formal Proof of Rybczynski TheoremA7.2 Growth with Factor ImmobilityA7.3 Graphical Analysis of Hicksian Technical ProgressKey TermsComparative statics Antitrade production and consumptionDynamic analysis Neutral production and consumptionBalanced growth Normal goodsRybczynski theorem Inferior goodsLabor-saving technical progress Terms-of-trade effectCapital-saving technical progress Wealth effectProtrade production and consumption Immiserizing growthLecture Guide1.This is not a core chapter and it is one of the most challenging chapters in international tradetheory. It is included for more advanced students and for completeness.2.If I were to cover this chapter, I would present two sections in each of three lectures.Time permitting, I would, otherwise cover Sections 1 and 2, paying special attention to the Rybczynski theorem. Answer to Problems1. a) See Figure 1.b) See Figure 2c) See Figure 3.2. See Figure 4.3. a) See Figure 5.b) See Figure 6.c) See Figure 7.4. Compare Figure 5 to Figure 1.Compare Figure 6 to Figure 3. Note that the two production frontiers have the same vertical or Y intercept in Figure 6 but a different vertical or Y intercept in Figure 3.Compare Figure 7 to Figure 2. Note that the two production frontiers have the samehorizontal or X intercept in Figure 7 but a different horizontal or X intercept in Figure 2.5. See Figure 8 on page 66.6. See Figure 9.7. See Figure 10.8. See Figure 11.9. See Figure 12.10. See Figure 13 on page 67.11. See Figure 14.12. See Figure 15.13.The United States has become the most competitive economy in the world since the early1990’s while the data in Table 7.3 refers to the 1965-1990 period.14.The data in Table 7.4 seem to indicate that China had a comparative advantage incapital-intensive commodities and a comparative disadvantage in unskilled-labor intensive commodities in 1973. This was very likely due to the many trade restrictions and subsidies, which distorted the comparative advantage of China.Its true comparative advantage became evident by 1993 after China had started to liberalize its economy.App. 1a. See Figure 16.1b. For production and consumption to actually occur at the newequilibrium point after the doubling of K in Nation 2, we mustassume either than commodity X is inferior or that Nation 2 is toosmall to affect the relative commodity prices at which it trades.1c. Px/Py must rise (i.e., Py/Px must fall) as a result of growth only.Px/Py will fall even more with trade.1. If the supply of capital increases in Nation 1 in the production of commodity Yonly, the VMPLy curve shifts up, and w rises in both industries. Some labor shifts to the production of Y, the output of Y rises and the output of X falls, r falls, and Px/Py is likely to rise.2. Capital investments tend to increase real wages because they raise the K/L ratioand the productivity of labor. Technical progress tends to increase K/L and realwages if it is L-saving and to reduce K/L and real wages if it is K-saving. Multiple-Choice Questions1. Dynamic factors in trade theory refer to changes in:a. factor endowmentsb. technologyc. tastes*d. all of the above2. Doubling the amount of L and K under constant returns to scale:a. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityb. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityc. leaves the shape of the production frontier unchanged*d. all of the above.3. Doubling only the amount of L available under constant returns to scale:a. less than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*b. more than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityc. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityd. leaves the output of the K-intensive commodity unchanged4. The Rybczynski theorem postulates that doubling L at constant relative commodity prices:a. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*b. reduces the output of the K-intensive commodityc. increases the output of both commoditiesd. any of the above5. Doubling L is likely to:a. increases the relative price of the L-intensive commodityb. reduces the relative price of the K-intensive commodity*c. reduces the relative price of the L-intensive commodityd. any of the above6.Technical progress that increases the productivity of L proportionately more than the productivity of K is called:*a. capital savingb. labor savingc. neutrald. any of the above7. A 50 percent productivity increase in the production of commodity Y:a. increases the output of commodity Y by 50 percentb. does not affect the output of Xc. shifts the production frontier in the Y direction only*d. any of the above8. Doubling L with trade in a small L-abundant nation:*a. reduces the nation's social welfareb. reduces the nation's terms of tradec. reduces the volume of traded. all of the above9. Doubling L with trade in a large L-abundant nation:a. reduces the nation's social welfareb. reduces the nation's terms of tradec. reduces the volume of trade*d. all of the above10.If, at unchanged terms of trade, a nation wants to trade more after growth, then the nation's terms of trade can be expected to:*a. deteriorateb. improvec. remain unchangedd. any of the above11. A proportionately greater increase in the nation's supply of labor than of capital is likely to result in a deterioration in the nation's terms of trade if the nation exports:a. the K-intensive commodity*b. the L-intensive commodityc. either commodityd. both commodities12. Technical progress in the nation's export commodity:*a. may reduce the nation's welfareb. will reduce the nation's welfarec. will increase the nation's welfared. leaves the nation's welfare unchanged13. Doubling K with trade in a large L-abundant nation:a. increases the nation's welfareb. improves the nation's terms of tradec. reduces the volume of trade*d. all of the above14. An increase in tastes for the import commodity in both nations:a. reduces the volume of trade*b. increases the volume of tradec. leaves the volume of trade unchangedd. any of the above15. An increase in tastes of the import commodity of Nation A and export in B:*a. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation Ab. will increase the terms of trade of Nation Ac. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation Bd. any of the aboveADDITIONAL ESSAYS AND PROBLEMS FOR PART ONE1.Assume that both the United States and Germany produce beef and computer chipswith the following costs:United States Germany(dollars) (marks)Unit cost of beef (B) 2 8Unit cost of computer chips (C) 1 2a) What is the opportunity cost of beef (B) and computer chips (C) in each country?b)In which commodity does the United States have a comparative cost advantage?What about Germany?c)What is the range for mutually beneficial trade between the United States andGermany for each computer chip traded?d)How much would the United States and Germany gain if 1 unit of beef isexchanged for 3 chips?Ans. a) In the United States:the opportunity cost of one unit of beef is 2 chips;the opportunity cost of one chip is 1/2 unit of beef.In Germany:the opportunity cost of one unit of beef is 4 chips;the opportunity cost of one chip is 1/4 unit of beef.b) The United States has a comparative cost advantage in beef with respect toGermany, while Germany has a comparative cost advantage in computer chips.c)The range for mutually beneficial trade between the United States and Germanyfor each unit of beef that the United States exports is2C < 1B < 4Cd) Both the United States and Germany would gain 1 chip for each unit of beeftraded.2.Given: (1) two nations (1 and 2) which have the same technology but differentfactor endowments and tastes, (2) two commodities (X and Y) produced under increasing costs conditions, and (3) no transportation costs, tariffs, or other obstructions to trade. Prove geometrically that mutually advantageous trade between the two nations is possible.Note: Your answer should show the autarky (no-trade) and free-trade points of production and consumption for each nation, the gains from trade of each nation, and express the equilibrium condition that should prevail when trade stops expanding.) Ans.: See Figure 1 on page 74.Nations 1 and 2 have different production possibilities curves and different community indifference maps. With these, they will usually end up with different relative commodity prices in autarky, thus making mutually beneficial trade possible.In the figure, Nation 1 produces and consumes at point A and Px/Py=P A in autarky, while Nation 2 produces and consumes at point A' and Px/Py=P A'. Since P A < P A',Nation 1 has a comparative advantage in X and Nation 2 in Y. Specialization inproduction proceeds until point B in Nation 1 and point B' in Nation 2, at which P B=P B' and the quantity supplied for export of each commodity exactly equals the quantity demanded for import. Thus, Nation 1 starts at point A in production and consumption in autarky, moves to point B in production, and by exchanging BC of X for CE of Y reaches point E in consumption. E > A since it involves more of both X and Y and lies on a higher community indifference curve. Nation 2 starts at A' in production and consumption in autarky, moves to point B' in production, and by exchanging B'C' of Y for C'E' of X reaches point E'in consumption (which exceeds A').At Px/Py=P B=P B', Nation 1 wants to export BC of X for CE of Y, while Nation 2 wants to export B'C' (=CE) of Y for C'E' (=BC) of X. Thus, P B=P B'is the equilibrium relative commodity price because it clears both (the X and Y) markets.3.Draw a figure showing: (1) in Panel A a nation's demand and supply curve for Atraded commodity and the nation's excess supply of the commodity, (2) in Panel C the trade partner's demand and supply curve for the same traded commodity and its excess demand for the commodity, and (3) in Panel B the supply and demand for the quantity traded of the commodity, its equilibrium price, and why a price above or below the equilibrium price will not persist. At any other price, QD QS, and P will change to P2.Ans. See Figure 2 on page 74.The equilibrium relative commodity price for commodity X (the traded commodityexported by Nation 1 and imported by Nation 2) is P2 and the equilibrium quantityof commodity X traded is Q2.4.a) Identify the conditions that may give rise to trade between two nations.b) What are some of the assumptions on which the Heckscher-Ohlin theory isbased?c) What does this theory say about the pattern of trade and effect of trade on factorprices?Ans. a) Trade can be based on a difference in factor endowments, technology, or tastes between two nations. A difference either in factor endowments or technology results in a different production possibilities frontier for each nation, which, unless neutralized by a difference in tastes, leads to a difference in relative commodity price and mutually beneficial trade. If two nations face increasing costs and have identical production possibilities frontiers but different tastes, there will also be a difference in relative commodity prices and the basis for mutually beneficial trade between the two nations. The difference in relative commodity prices is then translated into a difference in absolute commodity prices between the two nations, which is the immediate cause of trade.b) The Heckscher-Ohlin theory (sometimes referred to as the modern theory – asopposed to the classical theory - of international trade) assumes that nations have the same tastes, use the same technology, face constant returns to scale (i.e., a given percentage increase in all inputs increases output by the same percentage) but differ widely in factor endowments. It also says that in the face of identical tastes or demand conditions, this difference in factor endowments will result in a difference in relative factor prices between nations, which in turn leads to a difference in relative commodity prices and trade. Thus, in the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, the international difference in supply conditions alone determines the pattern of trade. To be noted is that the two nations need not be identical in other respects in order for international trade to be based primarily on the difference in their factor endowments.c) The Heckscher-Ohlin theorem postulates that each nation will export thecommodity intensive in its relatively abundant and cheap factor and import the commodity intensive in its relatively scarce and expensive factor. As an important corollary, it adds that under highly restrictive assumptions, trade will completely eliminate the pretrade relative and absolute differences in the price of homogeneous factors among nations. Under less restrictive and more usual conditions, however, trade will reduce, but not eliminate, the pretrade differences in relative and absolute factor prices among nations. In any event, the Heckscher-Ohlin theory does say something very useful on how trade affects factor prices and the distribution of income in each nation. Classical economists were practically silent on this point.5. consumers demand more of commodity X (the L-intensive commodity) and less ofcommodity Y (the K- intensive commodity). Suppose that Nation 1 is India, commodity X is textiles, and commodity Y is food. Starting from the no-trade equilibrium position and using the Heckscher-Ohlin model, trace the effect of this change in tastes on India's(a) relative commodity prices and demand for food and textiles,(b) production of both commodities and factor prices, and(c) comparative advantage and volume of trade.(d) Do you expect international trade to lead to the complete equalization ofrelative commodity and factor prices between India and the United States?Why?Ans. a. The change in tastes can be visualized by a shift toward the textile axis in India's indifference map in such a way that an indifference curve is tangentto the steeper segment of India's production frontier (because of increasingopportunity costs) after the increase in demand for textiles. This will causethe pretrade relative commodity price of textiles to rise in India.b. The increase in the relative price of textiles will lead domesticproducers in India to shift labor and capital from the production of food tothe production of textiles. Since textiles are L-intensive in relation to food,the demand for labor and therefore the wage rate will rise in India. At thesame time, as the demand for food falls, the demand for and thus the priceof capital will fall. With labor becoming relative more expensive,producers in India will substitute capital for labor in the production of bothtextiles and food.Even with the rise in relative wages and in the relative price of textiles,India still remains the L-abundant and low-wage nation with respect to anation such as the United States. However, the pretrade difference in therelative price of textiles between India and the United States is nowsomewhat smaller than before the change in tastes in India. As a result thevolume of trade required to equalize relative commodity prices and hencefactor prices is smaller than before. That is, India need now export asmaller quantity of textiles and import less food than before for therelative price of textiles in India and the United States to be equalized.Similarly, the gap between real wages and between India and the UnitedStates is now smaller and can be more quickly and easily closed (i.e., witha smaller volume of trade).c. Since many of the assumptions required for the complete equalization ofrelative commodity and factor prices do not hold in the real world, greatdifferences can be expected and do in fact remain between real wages inIndia and the United States. Nevertheless, trade would tend to reduce thesedifferences, and the H-O model does identify the forces that must beconsidered to analyze the effect of trade on the differences in the relative andabsolute commodity and factor prices between India and the United States.5.(a) Explain why the Heckscher-Ohlin trade model needs to be extended.(b) Indicate in what important ways the Heckscher-Ohlin trade model can beextended.(c) Explain what is meant by differentiated products and intra-industry trade.Ans. (a) The Heckscher-Ohlin trade model needs to be extended because, while generally correct, it fails to explain a significant portion of international trade, particularly the trade in manufactured products among industrial nations.(b)The international trade left unexplained by the basic Heckscher-Ohlin trade modecan be explained by(1) economies of scale,(2) intra-industry trade, and(3) trade based on imitation gaps and product differentiation.(c)Differentiated products refer to similar, but not identical, products (such as cars,typewriters, cigarettes, soaps, and so on) produced by the same industry or broad product group. Intra-industry trade refers to the international trade in differentiated products.。

天津市英语高一上学期期中试卷与参考答案(2024-2025学年)

2024-2025学年天津市英语高一上学期期中模拟试卷与参考答案一、听力第一节（本大题有5小题，每小题1.5分，共7.5分）1、Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to the question you hear.W: Hi, John. How was your weekend?M: Oh, it was quite eventful. I went hiking with a group of friends. It was a beautiful day, but the trail was really challenging.Q: What did the man do over the weekend?A) He went hiking.B) He had a relaxing day.C) He watched a movie at home.D) He visited his family.Answer: A) He went hiking.Explanation: The man mentions that he went hiking with a group of friends, which directly answers the question.2、Listen to the dialogue and complete the sentence with the missing word you hear.W: I really appreciate the effort you put into the project, Tom. Your presentation was excellent.M: Thank you, Sarah. It’s great to hear that you liked it. By the way, what did you think of the research we did?W: The data you collected was very interesting. It was well-organized and clearly presented.M: That’s good to hear. I’m glad we could work well together on this.Q: What did Sarah think of the research Tom did?A) It was boring.B) It was well-organized and clearly presented.C) It needed more data.D) It was not relevant to the project.Answer: B) It was well-organized and clearly presented.Explanation: Sarah explicitly states that the data Tom collected was interesting and well-organized, which is the answer to the question.3、Question: What time does the train leave for New York?A. 7:45 a.m.B. 8:15 a.m.C. 9:00 a.m.Answer: BExplanation: In the audio clip, the ticket agent clearly states, “The next train to New York departs at 8:15 a.m.” This directly answers the question, confirming that the train leaves at 8:15 a.m.4、Question: How does the man feel about the weather forecast?A. Excited.B. Disappointed.C. Uncertain.Answer: BExplanation: The man in the recording says, “I was really hoping for a sunny day, but it looks like it’s going to rain all weekend.That’s a bit of a letdown.” The use of “a bit of a letdown” suggests that he is disappointed with the weather forecast.5.W: I went to the bookstore last weekend and spent two hours browsing through the new arrivals.M: That sounds like a great way to spend your time. How many books did you end up buying?Q: How much time did the woman spend at the bookstore?A: 2 hoursB: 1 hourC: 3 hoursD: 4 hoursAnswer: AExplanation: The woman mentioned that she spent “two hours” at the bookstore, so the correct answer is A: 2 hours.二、听力第二节（本大题有15小题，每小题1.5分，共22.5分）1.Question: Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer to the question. Question: What time does the train leave for New York?A. 9:30 amB. 10:15 amC. 11:00 amAnswer: BExplanation: In the conversation, the woman asks the man about the departure time for the train to New York, and the man replies, “The train leaves for New York at 10:15 am.” This clearly indicates that the correct answer is B.2.Question: Listen to the short passage and answer the following question. Question: What is the main advantage of online shopping mentioned in the passage?A. It’s faster than traditional shopping.B. It offers a wider variety of products.C. It’s more convenient and saves time.Answer: CExplanation: The passage states that one of the main advantages of online shopping is its convenience and how it saves time by allowing people to shop from anywhere and at any time. No specific mention is made about it being faster than traditional shopping (A) or offering a wider variety of products being its sole advantage (though this may also be true, it’s not the focus of the mentioned advantage). Therefore, the most accurate answer is C, as it encapsulates theconvenience and time-saving aspect highlighted in the passage.3.You are listening to a conversation between a student and a teacher ina high school library. The student is looking for help with a research project.Student: “Hi, Professor Smith. I need some assistance with my history research project. Could you recommend any good books on the Renaissance?”Teacher: “Certainly! For a comprehensive understanding of the Renaissance, I suggest you start with ‘The Age of Enlightenment’ by John Johnson. It provides an excellent overview of the period. But remember, you also need to look for specific books on the social and cultural aspects of the Renaissance.”Question: What book does the teacher recommend for the student’s history research project?A. “The Age of Enlightenment” by John JohnsonB. “Renaissance Art” by Mary WhiteC. “The Social Impact of the Renaissance” by Robert BlackD. “The Political History of the Renaissance” by Michael GreenAnswer: A. “The Age of Enlightenment” by John JohnsonExplanation: The teacher explicitly recommends the book “The Age of Enlightenment” by John Johnson to the student for their history research project, making option A the correct answer.4.In this next listening segment, you will hear a conversation between two friends discussing their weekend plans.Friend 1: “Hey, are you still planning to go hiking this weekend?”Friend 2: “Yeah, but I’m not sure about the route. Do you think we should go for the easy trail or the challenging one?”Friend 1: “I think it depends on our current fitness levels. If we’re both feeling up to it, I’d say go for the challenging one. But if we want a more relaxed weekend, then the easy trail would be better.”Question: What are the friends discussing in this conversation?A. Their plans for a weekend tripB. The weather forecast for the weekendC. Their favorite outdoor activitiesD. The pros and cons of different hiking trailsAnswer: A. Their plans for a weekend tripExplanation: The conversation revolves around the friends discussing their weekend hiking plans and deciding which trail to take, making option A the correct answer.5.You will hear a conversation between two students discussing their weekend plans. Listen and answer the question.Question: What does the second student decide to do for the weekend?A. Go to the beach.B. Stay at home and read.C. Visit their grandparents.Answer: C. Visit their grandparents.Explanation: In the conversation, the second student mentions that theyhaven’t seen their grandpare nts for a while and decide to visit them for the weekend, which is why the correct answer is C.6.You will hear a short lecture about the importance of exercise. Listen and answer the question.Question: According to the lecture, what is one benefit of regular exercise?A. Improved academic performance.B. Better concentration.C. Increased risk of injury.Answer: B. Better concentration.Explanation: The lecture highlights that regular exercise can lead to better concentration and improved cognitive function, making option B the correct answer. Options A and C are not mentioned as benefits of exercise in the lecture.7.You will hear a conversation between two students discussing a school project. Listen and choose the best answer to the question.What is the main topic of their conversation?A. The upcoming school tripB. The preparation for the science fairC. The new math curriculumD. The football game on FridayAnswer: BExplanation: The conversation focuses on the students discussing how to prepare for the science fair, indicating that the main topic is the preparation for thescience fair.8.You will hear a short lecture about the importance of sleep for students. Listen and complete the following sentence with the correct information.The speaker says that getting enough sleep is crucial for students because it helps them to __________.A. stay awake in classB. improve their concentrationC. perform better in sportsD. finish their homework fasterAnswer: BExplanation: The speaker in the lecture emphasizes that adequate sleep is important for students to improve their concentration, which directly contributes to their academic performance.9.You hear a conversation between two students, Alex and Jamie, discussing their weekend plans.A lex: “Hey Jamie, are you planning to do anything special this weekend?”Jamie: “Yeah, actually. I’m thinking of going hiking with a group of friends.”Alex: “That sounds fun! Where are you planning to go?”Jamie: “We’re thinking of heading up to the mountains.”Alex: “That’s great. Do you need any company?”Jamie: “Not really, I think I’ll be fine with the group, but thanks for the offer.”Question: What is Jamie planning to do this weekend?A) Go hiking with friendsB) Visit a museumC) Stay home and studyD) Go to a movieAnswer: A) Go hiking with friendsExplanation: Jamie explicitly states that they are planning to go hiking with a group of friends, making option A the correct answer.10.You hear a short interview on a local radio station with a chef, Chef Maria, who is promoting her new cookbook.Interviewer: “Chef Maria, your new cookbook is all about traditional Italian recipes. What inspired you to write this book?”Chef Maria: “I’ve always loved sharing my family’s recipes with others. It’s been a pa ssion of mine to preserve these traditional dishes.”Interviewer: “That’s wonderful. Can you tell us about one of your favorite recipes from the book?”Chef Maria: “Certainly! One of my favorites is my grandmother’s lasagna. It’s a family recipe that’s been passed down through generations.”Question: What is Chef Maria promoting?A) A new restaurantB) Her new cookbookC) A cooking classD) A cooking competitionAnswer: B) Her new cookbookExplanation: The interview is centered around Chef Maria’s new cookbook, and she discusses her inspiration and one of the recipes from the book, making option B the correct answer.11.Question: What does the man suggest doing after the meeting?A. Have a cup of coffee.B. Go for a walk.C. Take a break.D. Continue the meeting.Answer: AExplanation: The man says, “Let’s have a coffee break after this meeting,” which means he suggests having a cup of coffee after the meeting.12.Question: Why does the woman apologize to her friend?A. She didn’t call him back.B. She forgot to return the book.C. She was late for the meeting.D. She couldn’t come to the party.Answer: BExplanation: The woman says, “I’m really sorry for not returning your book on time,” indicating that she apologizes because she forgot to return the book.13.You will hear a conversation between two students discussing theirweekend plans. Listen and answer the following question.How does the student feel about going to the beach this weekend?A. ExcitedB. ReluctantC. IndifferentD. UninterestedAnswer: AExplanation: In the conversation, the student says, “I can’t wait to go to the beach this weekend. The weather is supposed to be perfect.” This indicates excitement about the beach trip.14.Listen to a short announcement about a local event and answer the following question.What is the main purpose of the event?A. To raise money for charityB. To celebrate a local festivalC. To promote a new businessD. To provide educational workshopsAnswer: AExplanation: The announcement mentions that the event is a charity run, and all proceeds will go to local community projects. This clearly indicates that the main purpose is to raise money for charity.15.Listen to the following dialogue and choose the best answer.A. The man has been studying for two weeks.B. The woman is planning a short vacation.C. They are discussing the man’s study schedule.D. The man is taking a break from his studies.Answer: C. They are discussing the man’s study sche dule.Explanation: The woman asks the man if he has managed to find a balance between studying and taking breaks. The man mentions that he has been studying for a while and is looking for ways to relax. Therefore, the correct answer is that they are discus sing the man’s study schedule.三、阅读第一节（第1题7.5分，其余每题10分，总37.5分）第一题Reading Passage:In the small town of Willowbrook, the annual Harvest Festival was a time of great celebration. It was a tradition that had been passed down through generations, and every year, the townspeople looked forward to it with excitement. The festival included a parade, various games, and a grand feast at the town square. However, the highlight of the festival was always the crowning of the Harvest Queen.This year, the competition for the title was more intense than ever. Four young women, each with unique talents, were vying for the crown. The first contestant was Emily, a skilled artist known for her intricate paintings. Thesecond was Lily, a talented musician who played the violin beautifully. The third was Olivia, a brilliant scientist who had developed a new type of organic fertilizer. The fourth and final contestant was Jake, a young farmer whose innovative farming techniques had turned his small farm into a success.The contest was judged by a panel of five local celebrities, including the town mayor, the school principal, and the owner of the local bakery. Each contestant had to present their talent and then answer questions about their experience and what they believed the role of the Harvest Queen should be.Questions:1、Who was known for their intricate paintings?A. LilyB. EmilyC. OliviaD. Jake2、What instrument did Lily play?A. PianoB. ViolinC. GuitarD. Drum3、What had Olivia developed?A. A new type of fertilizerB. A musical compositionC. An artistic sculptureD. An innovative farming technique4、How many contestants were there in the Harvest Queen competition?A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 6Answers:1、B2、B3、A4、B第二题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The digital revolution has transformed the way we communicate, learn, and work. One of the most significant impacts of this revolution has been the advent of the internet. The internet has made information more accessible than ever before, allowing people to connect with each other across the globe. This has not only facilitated global communication but has also opened up new opportunities for education and career development.One of the most notable developments in education is the rise of online learning platforms. These platforms offer a wide range of courses from varioussubjects, making education more flexible and accessible. Students can now learn at their own pace, from the comfort of their homes, and at a fraction of the cost of traditional education. Additionally, online learning has enabled students to gain knowledge and skills that are essential in the modern workforce.However, the digital revolution has not come without its challenges. One major concern is the potential impact on face-to-face interactions. With the increasing reliance on digital communication, many people are spending less time engaging in face-to-face conversations. This can lead to a decline in social skills and a loss of the personal connections that are essential for a healthy society.Despite these challenges, the digital revolution continues to shape our lives in profound ways. Here are some key points to consider:1.Global Connectivity: The internet has connected people from different parts of the world, breaking down geographical barriers and fostering global collaboration.2.Access to Information: The internet has made vast amounts of information readily available, allowing for self-education and lifelong learning.3.Economic Opportunities: The digital economy has created new job opportunities and allowed entrepreneurs to reach a global audience.4.Challenges of Digital Overuse: There is a risk of becoming overly dependent on digital devices, which can lead to social isolation and other health issues.Questions:1、What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of traditional educationB) The impact of the digital revolution on societyC) The challenges of online learningD) The history of the internet2、According to the passage, what has the internet facilitated?A) The decline of social skillsB) The rise of online learning platformsC) The end of face-to-face interactionsD) The loss of personal connections3、What is one of the concerns mentioned about the digital revolution?A) The cost of educationB) The potential for social isolationC) The lack of access to informationD) The decrease in global connectivity4、Which of the following is a benefit of the digital revolution mentioned in the passage?A) The end of global collaborationB) The increase in social isolationC) The creation of new job opportunitiesD) The decline in the quality of educationAnswers:1、B2、B3、B4、C第三题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.In the small coastal town of Pencader, the annual Pencader Festival is a much-anticipated event. Celebrating its 50th anniversary this year, the festival showcases local culture, music, art, and culinary delights. The festival begins with a parade th rough the town’s streets, featuring floats decorated with traditional motifs and bands playing lively tunes.The highlight of the festival is the Pencader Arts and Crafts Fair, which takes place in the town square. Vendors from all over the region gather to sell their handmade goods, including jewelry, pottery, textiles, and wooden sculptures. Visitors can also enjoy live performances by local musicians and dancers, as well as interactive workshops for children.Another popular attraction is the Pencader Food Court, where visitors can taste a variety of local dishes. From seafood to traditional pastries, there’s something for everyone’s palate. The festival also features a Children’s Fun Zone, where children can participate in games, face painting, and other activities.1、What is the main purpose of the Pencader Festival?A. To promote tourism in the town.B. To celebrate the town’s cultural heritage.C. To raise funds for local charities.D. To honor the town’s founders.2、Where does the Pencader Arts and Crafts Fair take place?A. On the beach.B. In the town square.C. At the local library.D. In a nearby park.3、What type of performances can visitors expect to see at the festival?A. Only musical performances.B. Only dance performances.C. Both musical and dance performances.D. Only theater performances.4、What is one of the activities available for children at the festival?A. Cooking classes.B. Face painting.C. Scavenger hunts.D. Art workshops.Answers:1、B. To celebrate the town’s cultural heritage.2、B. In the town square.3、C. Both musical and dance performances.4、B. Face painting.第四题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The rise of technology has dramatically changed the way we live and work. One of the most significant impacts has been on education. With the advent of online learning platforms, students now have access to a vast array of resources that were once only available in traditional classrooms. This shift has not only increased the convenience of education but has also opened up new opportunities for learners around the world.Online learning platforms offer flexibility that traditional classrooms cannot match. Students can learn at their own pace, revisit lessons, and even access course materials from anywhere in the world. This has been particularly beneficial for those who have work or family commitments that make attending regular classes difficult. Moreover, online courses often provide a wide range of subjects and topics that might not be available in local schools.However, the shift to online learning has also raised concerns about the quality of education. Some argue that the lack of face-to-face interaction with teachers and peers can hinder the learning experience. Additionally, there is a fear that online learners might lack the discipline and motivation to complete their studies without the structure of a traditional classroom.Despite these challenges, many educational institutions are embracing the digital revolution. They are integrating online elements into their traditionalcurricula to enhance the learning experience. This hybrid approach combines the best of both worlds, allowing students to benefit from the flexibility of online learning while still engaging in interactive and collaborative learning environments.Questions:1、What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the benefits of online learning.B. To argue against the shift to online learning.C. To compare traditional and online learning environments.D. To highlight the challenges faced by online learners.2、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of online learning?A. Increased convenience.B. Access to a wide range of subjects.C. Improved face-to-face interaction.D. Flexibility for students with other commitments.3、What is the author’s attitude towards the concerns about the quality of online learning?A. Concerned.B. Positive.C. Indifferent.D. Negative.4、What does the author suggest as a solution to the challenges of onlinelearning?A. Abolish online learning altogether.B. Focus solely on traditional classroom teaching.C. Integrate online elements into traditional curricula.D. Ignore the concerns and continue with the current approach.Answers:1、A2、C3、A4、C四、阅读第二节（12.5分）Reading SectionPassage:The ancient Egyptians had a remarkable understanding of mathematics and architecture. Their most famous architectural achievement is the construction of the pyramids, which were built as tombs for the pharaohs. The Great Pyramid of Giza, the largest of the pyramids, was built around 2560 BC. It was designed to be a perfect square, with each side measuring approximately 230 meters. The Egyptians were able to calculate the length of the sides of the pyramid with remarkable accuracy, even though they did not have the benefit of modern tools.One of the key mathematical concepts used in the construction of the pyramidswas the Pythagorean theorem. The Egyptians used the theorem to ensure that the corners of the pyramid were 90 degrees, which was essential for stability. Another important mathematical concept they used was the concept of pi, which they approximated as 3.16. This allowed them to calculate the circumference of the base of the pyramid, which was crucial for the construction of the outer casing.The Egyptians also had a sophisticated understanding of astronomy. They believed that the stars and planets had a significant impact on the human world, and they used their knowledge of astronomy to guide their daily lives. For example, they aligned the pyramids with specific stars and celestial bodies to ensure the pharaoh’s tomb was in harmony with the cosmos.Questions:1.What is the main topic of the passage?A. The Great Pyramid of GizaB. The mathematical concepts used in ancient Egyptian architectureC. The pharaohs’ tombsD. The influence of astronomy on ancient Egyptian life2.Which ancient Egyptian architectural achievement is mentioned in the passage?A. The Great Pyramid of GizaB. The SphinxC. The temples of LuxorD. The obelisks3.What mathematical concept was used to ensure the stability of the pyramids?A. The Pythagorean theoremB. The concept of piC. The concept of pi and the Pythagorean theoremD. The concept of pi and the concept of 3.164.According to the passage, how did the Egyptians approximate the value of pi?A. 3.14B. 3.16C. 3.17D. 3.185.What did the Egyptians believe about the stars and planets?A. They had no influence on human life.B. They had no influence on the construction of the pyramids.C. They had a significant impact on the human world.D. They were not important for the pharaohs’ tombs.Answers:1.B2.A3.C4.B5.C五、语言运用第一节 _ 完形填空（15分）Title: English First Semester Mid-term Exam – Language UsePart 5: Language UseSection 1: ClozeRead the following passage and choose the best word for each blank from the options given below.Passage:On a cold winter’s day, a young girl named Lucy found herself lost in a dense forest. The snow-covered ground made it difficult to see the path, and she began to panic. She remembered her mother always telling her to carry a flashlight with fresh batteries and to stay on the main trail. But she had left her flashlight at home, and she was now miles away from the trail.Lucy’s heart raced as she tried to find her way back. She remembered that she had seen a stream earlier, so she decided to follow it. The stream led her to a small cabin in the woods. To her surprise, the door was slightly open. She cautiously entered and found a warm fire burning in the fireplace. The cabin was empty, but she felt a sense of relief.As she sat by the fire, Lucy realized she h ad a problem. She didn’t know who lived in the cabin, and she didn’t have any identification. She decidedto wait until someone came back. Hours passed, and she began to worry that no one would find her. Just then, a man walked in. He was surprised to see her, but after explaining her situation, he offered to help.1.The weather on the day Lucy got lost was:a) sunny and warmb) rainy and windyc) cold and snowyd) hot and humidAnswer: c) cold and snowy六、语言运用第二节 _ 语法填空（15分）English First Semester Grade 1 Mid-term ExamPart Six: Language UseSection 2: Grammar CompletionRead the following passage and complete the blanks with the appropriate grammar form.The world of technology is evolving rapidly, and with it comes a new set of challenges for young people. Many students (1)___________find it difficult to keep up with the latest advancements in science and technology. This is especially true (2)___________those who come from less affluent backgrounds, where access to resources and information is limited. However, there are ways (3)___________we can all improve our knowledge and skills. One of the mosteffective methods is to engage in (4)___________learning, which encourages (5)___________and critical thinking.For instance, (6)___________we are studying a new topic, we can try to research it online or read relevant books. This not only broadens our knowledge but also (7)___________us to develop research skills. Additionally,(8)___________we collaborate with others, we can learn from their perspectives and gain a deeper understanding of the subject. It is also important to practice regularly, (9)___________we can reinforce what we have learned. Finally, (10)___________we stay curious and open-minded, we can continue to grow and adapt to the changing world.Grammar Completion:1.A. have B. are C. do D. will2.A. for B. to C. with D. of3.A. by B. in C. for D. on4.A. active B. interactive C. passive D. online5.A. creativity B. memorization C. repetition D. understanding6.A. As B. When C. While D. Since7.A. allows B. prevents C. requires D. limits8.A. If B. When C. Although D. Because9.A. then B. so C. therefore D. however10.A. If B. Since C. Because D. AsAnswer Key:1.C2.A3.A4.A5.A6.B7.A8.B9.A10.A七、写作第一节 _ 应用文写作（15分）七、写作（第一节：应用文写作）Task: Write a letter to your friend, describing a recent event or activity you participated in that you found particularly enjoyable. Include details about the event, why you enjoyed it, and any new experiences or skills you gained. Your letter should be approximately 100-120 words.Example:Dear Alex,I hope this letter finds you well. I wanted to share with you a recent experience that was truly delightful. Last weekend, I joined a local hiking group for a day trip to the mountains. The scenery was breathtaking, with lush greenery and stunning viewpoints at every turn.。

2024年高等教育自学考试自考《英语二》试卷与参考答案

2024年高等教育自学考试自考《英语二》模拟试卷与参考答案一、阅读判断（共10分）第一题Read the following passage and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage:In recent years, the internet has become an integral part of our daily lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and access information. However, along with its numerous benefits, the internet also brings along a set of challenges and risks. One of the most significant concerns is the issue of online privacy.The internet allows users to share personal information with ease. While this can be advantageous in certain situations, it also exposes individuals to potential privacy breaches. Cybercriminals often target unsuspecting users to steal sensitive data such as bank account details, credit card information, and social security numbers.To protect their privacy, individuals need to be cautious about the information they share online. They should only provide personal details onsecure websites and use strong passwords for their online accounts. Additionally, it is important to keep software and security systems up to date to prevent cyberattacks.Despite the risks, the internet continues to offer numerous advantages. It has made communication faster and more convenient. People can now connect with friends and family across the globe through social media platforms and instant messaging apps. It has also facilitated access to a vast amount of information, enabling users to learn and grow in their respective fields.1、The internet has become a crucial part of our lives.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not mentionedD. Opposite to the passage2、Sharing personal information online can be dangerous.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not mentionedD. Opposite to the passage3、It is important to use strong passwords for online accounts.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not mentionedD. Opposite to the passage4、The internet has made communication faster.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not mentionedD. Opposite to the passage5、The passage focuses on the risks of using the internet.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not mentionedD. Opposite to the passageAnswers:1、A2、A3、A4、A5、B第二题Reading ComprehensionPlease read the following passage and then answer the questions by choosing the best answer (T for True, F for False).Passage:In recent years, the importance of lifelong learning has been increasingly recognized. Many adults are returning to school to further their education, either through traditional college programs or through self-study. One of the most popular self-study options is the Self-Testing Examination (STE) for Higher Education, commonly known as “Self-Taught Examination.”The Self-Taught Examination is a form of self-study examination for higher education in China, which allows individuals to assess their knowledge and skills in specific subjects without attending regular classes. It is particularly beneficial for working adults who want to enhance their professional qualifications or simply gain a deeper understanding of a subject.The examination is divided into different levels, with Level Two being the second level of difficulty. English is one of the subjects offered in this level. The English Level Two examination focuses on practical communication skills and the ability to understand and produce written English.1、The Self-Testing Examination is a traditional college program that requires regular classes to be attended.2、The Self-Taught Examination is only available for students in China.3、The English Level Two examination is designed to improve practical communication skills and the ability to write in English.4、The Self-Taught Examination is not suitable for working adults who want to enhance their professional qualifications.5、The Self-Testing Examination is the only way for adults to further theireducation in China.Answers:1、F2、F3、T4、F5、F二、阅读理解（共10分）Title: Higher Education Self-study Examination Test Paper for English Level 2Part II: Reading ComprehensionPassage:The Internet has become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business. One of the most significant impacts of the Internet is the rise of social media platforms. These platforms have transformed the way people interact, share information, and express themselves. However, the rapid growth of social media has also raised concerns about privacy, security, and the potential for misinformation.The following article discusses the benefits and challenges of social media in the modern age.Article:The Benefits and Challenges of Social MediaSocial media has brought numerous benefits to society. It has democratized information, allowing individuals to access a wide range of content and perspectives from around the world. This has led to increased awareness and understanding of global issues. Additionally, social media has provided a platform for marginalized groups to voice their concerns and advocate for change.On the other hand, social media also poses several challenges. One of the most pressing concerns is privacy. Many users are unaware of the extent to which their personal information is being collected and used by social media platforms. Another challenge is the spread of misinformation, which can have serious consequences, such as influencing elections and undermining public health initiatives.Question:What is one of the main concerns raised by the article about the use of social media?A)The decline of face-to-face communicationB)The spread of misinformationC)The difficulty in finding reliable news sourcesD)The cost of maintaining social media accountsE)The lack of privacy protection for usersAnswer:B) The spread of misinformation三、概况段落大意和补全句子（共10分）第一题Read the following paragraph and then answer the questions that follow.In the modern era, the role of technology in education has become increasingly significant. With the advent of online learning platforms and digital resources, students now have access to a wealth of information and tools that can enhance their learning experience. However, this convenience also brings challenges, such as the potential for distractions and the need for self-discipline. As a result, educators must adapt their teaching methods to incorporate technology effectively while maintaining a focus on student engagement and academic integrity.Questions:1、The paragraph discusses the impact of technology on education by mentioning its:a)Increased costb)Availability of informationc)Decreasing teacher-student interactiond)Negative influence on student discipline2、According to the paragraph, what is one of the challenges brought by the use of technology in education?a)The need for more physical textbooksb)The risk of student lazinessc)The potential for distractionsd)The difficulty in assessing student progress3、The paragraph suggests that educators need to:a)Eliminate technology from the classroomb)Focus solely on traditional teaching methodsc)Adapt teaching methods to incorporate technologyd)Increase the number of students in each class4、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a result of the integration of technology in education?a)Improved student engagementb)Increased academic dishonestyc)Enhanced learning resourcesd)Reduced need for libraries5、The paragraph implies that maintaining a focus on what aspect is crucial in the use of technology in education?a)Teacher salariesb)Student attendancec)Academic integrityd)Classroom sizeAnswers:1、b) Availability of information2、c) The potential for distractions3、c) Adapt teaching methods to incorporate technology4、b) Increased academic dishonesty5、c) Academic integrity第二题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The rapid development of technology has greatly impacted the way we live and work. One of the most significant changes is the advent of the internet, which has revolutionized the way we access information and communicate with others. This essay discusses the benefits and challenges of living in the digital age.1、The passage primarily focuses on the impact of technology on:a)Educationb)Communicationc)Transportationd)HealthcareAnswer: b) Communication2、The author mentions that the internet has “revolutionized the way we access information.” What does this imply about the internet’s role in our lives?a)It has made information more accessible.b)It has eliminated the need for traditional libraries.c)It has made information less reliable.d)It has reduced the need for face-to-face interactions.Answer: a) It has made information more accessible.3、The passage states that the digital age has both “benefits and challenges.” What are two challenges mentioned in the passage?a)Information overload and loss of privacyb)Increased social isolation and reduced attention spansc)The decline of face-to-face communication and the rise of cyberbullyingd)Job displacement and the loss of traditional cultural practicesAnswer: a) Information overload and loss of privacy4、According to the author, what is one of the main benefits of living in the digital age?a)Enhanced productivity in the workplaceb)Improved access to educational resourcesc)Greater opportunities for social networkingd) A more sustainable way of livingAnswer: b) Improved access to educational resources5、The author concludes by suggesting that despite the challenges, the digital age offers many opportunities. What is the author’s overall attitude towards the digital age?a)Cautious optimismb)Pessimistic skepticismc)Indifferent resignationd)Passionate enthusiasmAnswer: a) Cautious optimism四、填空补文（共10分）Read the following passage and complete the sentences by choosing the most suitable words or phrases from the list given below.After graduating from high school, many students choose to further their education through self-study examinations (SSEs). One of the most popular SSEs in China is the National Self-study Examination for Higher Education (NSEE). The NSEE offers a wide range of subjects, including English. The English section, known as English Level 2, is particularly challenging and requires a solid foundation in the language.The English Level 2 examination tests the candidate’s ability to understand and use English in practical situations. It consists of four parts: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, writing, and translation. Below is a passage that needs to be completed with the appropriate words or phrases.Many students find the__________section of the English Level 2 examination the most difficult. They often struggle with understanding the meaning of complex sentences and identifying the main ideas of a passage. To improve their reading skills, candidates are advised to practice regularly and expand their vocabulary.1.The__________section requires candidates to listen to a variety of accents and comprehend spoken English.2.The__________section tests candidates’ ability to read and understanda range of texts, including academic articles, news reports, and literature.3.The__________section challenges candidates to express their thoughts clearly and coherently in English.4.The__________section involves translating a passage from Chinese to English or vice versa.5.Candidates are encouraged to practice__________and__________to improve their reading skills.List of options:a) listening comprehensionb) reading comprehensionc) writingd) translatione) vocabularyf) grammarg) pronunciationh) regular practiceAnswer key:1.a2.b3.c4.d5.e, h五、填词补文（共15分）第一题阅读内容：After spending a long day at work, Sarah decided to take a break and relax. She had been looking forward to this moment for hours. She turned on her favorite music, sat down on the couch, and began to read a book that had been on her shelf for months. The story was captivating, and she found herself completely immersed in it.As she continued to read, she noticed a word that she wasn’t sure of. She paused to think about its meaning and context. Here’s the paragraph with the missing words:“After f inishing her dinner, she decided to take a short walk. The weather was perfect, with a gentle breeze and the sun setting beautifully in the background. She walked for about 20 minutes, enjoying the peacefulness of the neighborhood. Then, she decided to stop by the park. She sat on a bench and watched the children play. The laughter was infectious, and she couldn’t help but smile. As she watched, she noticed a group of teenagers playing basketball. Their skills were impressive, and she was amazed at how they moved so effortlessly. She realized that she hadn’t been to the park in a long time. It was a great way to end her evening.”Now, please fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the list below:1、_________ the children play.2、The weather was perfect, with a gentle breeze and the_________setting beautifully in the background.3、She walked for about 20 minutes, enjoying the peacefulness of the neighborhood.4、She sat on a bench and watched _________.5、Their skills were impressive, and she was amazed at how they _________.答案：1、watching2、sun3、sunset4、the teenagers5、moved第二题Read the following passage and choose the most appropriate word to fill in each of the blanks. Each blank will have four options to choose from.Passage:In the small coastal town of Seabreeze, the local library was a hub of community activity. It was known for its cozy atmosphere and extensive collection of books. Every Thursday evening, a group of eager readers would gather to discuss the latest bestsellers. The library also hosted various workshops and events, which were always well-attended.One day, the librarian, Mrs. Johnson, noticed that the attendance at the workshops was dropping. She decided to take action and came up with a new idea to boost interest. She planned to organize a “Book Swap” event, where readers could exchange their favorite books with others.The first “Book Swap” event was a great success. The library was filled with people of all ages, from children to grandparents. The atmosphere was lively, and the exchange of books was seamless. However, Mrs. Johnson realized that she needed a better way to organize the event.1、She began by creating a list of categories for the books, such as “Mystery,” “Romance,” and “Science Fiction.” This made it easier for readers to find books that matched their interests.2、Next, she thought of a way to track the books that were being swapped. She decided to use a simple spreadsheet to keep a record of the exchanges.3、To encourage more people to participate, Mrs. Johnson offered small prizes for those who brought the most interesting books or who engaged in the most meaningful discussions.4、She also reached out to local schools and community centers to promote the event and invite more people to join in the fun.5、The “Book Swap” event has become a monthly tradition at the Seabreeze Library, and it has greatly contributed to the revitalization of the community.Choose the most appropriate word to fill in each blank:1、A) categories B) organize C) interesting D) promote2、A) creating B) record C) discuss D) search3、A) prizes B) ideas C) books D) discussions4、A) schools B) promote C) organize D) encourage5、A) tradition B) event C) collection D) atmosphereAnswers:1、A) categories2、B) record3、A) prizes4、B) promote5、A) tradition六、完型补文（共15分）第一题阅读内容：In the modern world, communication is more important than ever. With the advancement of technology, people can connect with each other across the globe in seconds. However, effective communication is not just about speaking or writing. It involves listening, understanding, and responding appropriately. In this passage, we will explore the importance of communication in various aspects of life.1._(1)__A. Communication is the key to success in business.B. Communication skills are essential for personal relationships.C. Effective communication can lead to better health outcomes.D. Communication is vital in educational settings.2._(2)__A. Good communication skills can help resolve conflicts.B. Communication is necessary for staying updated with current events.C. Effective communication can improve one’s self-confidence.D. Communication is crucial for managing time effectively.3._(3)__A. Verbal communication is the most important form of communication.B. Non-verbal communication is more effective than verbal communication.C. Listening is just as important as speaking in communication.D. Writing skills are not necessary for effective communication.4._(4)__A. Effective communication can lead to better teamwork.B. Communication is unnecessary in a well-organized workplace.C. Communication can be a barrier to productivity.D. Communication is only important in personal relationships.5._(5)__A. Improving communication skills is beneficial for everyone.B. Communication is not important in the digital age.C. Effective communication is only important for professionals.D. Communication skills cannot be improved with practice.答案：1.B2.A3.C4.A5.A第二题Read the following passage and choose the best word for each blank from the list given below the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter (A, B, C, or D) on Answer Sheet 2.Many people believe that 1, the ability to learn, is one of the most important skills we can possess. However, not everyone is born with the same natural talent for learning. While some individuals can quickly grasp new concepts and master complex information, others find it much more challenging.The process of learning can be influenced by various factors. 2, the right environment plays a crucial role in fostering a love for knowledge and curiosity. For instance, parents who encourage their children to explore and ask questions are more likely to raise a generation of lifelong learners.Moreover, the way we approach learning also matters. 3, a positive attitude towards learning can make the process more enjoyable and less stressful. When we view challenges as opportunities for growth, we are more likely to persistand eventually succeed.Here are some tips to enhance your learning experience:1.4, make sure you have a quiet and comfortable study space. This will help you focus better and absorb information more effectively.2.5, engage in active learning. Instead of passively reading or listening, try to engage with the material by taking notes, asking questions, and discussing it with others.3.Keep a balanced lifestyle. Regular exercise, adequate sleep, and proper nutrition can all contribute to better cognitive function and, consequently, improved learning.4.Set realistic goals and celebrate your progress. This will help you stay motivated and focused on your learning journey.5.Finally, be patient with yourself. Learning is a gradual process, and it’s normal to encounter setbacks along the way. Remember that each challenge is an opportunity to learn and grow.Now, read the passage again and complete the following sentences by choosing the appropriate words from the list below.1.The key to successful learning is (A) natural talent (B) perseverance (C) a supportive environment (D) constant practice2.A child’s curiosity can be (A) nurtured (B) hindered (C) ignored (D) discouraged3.A positive mindset can (A) improve (B) hinder (C) have no effect on (D) determine the outcome of4.To enhance your learning, it is important to (A) create a conducive study environment (B) avoid distractions (C) study for long hours (D) rely solely on textbooks5.To maintain a healthy learning process, you should (A) take regular breaks(B) avoid exercise (C) consume excessive caffeine (D) skip mealsAnswers:1.C2.A3.A4.A5.A七、写作（30分）Task:Write an essay of approximately 200 words on the following topic:“Education has always been a vital factor in personal development and societal progress. With the rapid development of technology, online education has become increasingly popular. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online education, and give your own opinion on whether it is a positive or n egative change.”Example:In recent years, the advent of online education has revolutionized the waywe acquire knowledge. On the one hand, online education offers numerous advantages. Firstly, it provides flexibility in terms of time and location. Students can attend classes from the comfort of their homes, which is particularly beneficial for those with busy schedules. Moreover, online platforms often offer a wide range of resources and interactive tools that can enhance the learning experience.However, there are also some drawbacks to online education. One major concern is the lack of face-to-face interaction, which can lead to feelings of isolation and reduced social skills. Additionally, self-discipline and time management are crucial for online learners, as they need to stay motivated and focused without the guidance of a traditional classroom environment.In my opinion, online education is a positive change. While it does have its drawbacks, the flexibility and accessibility it offers far outweigh the negatives. With the right mindset and support, online education can empower individuals to pursue their dreams and contribute to societal progress.Analysis:The essay presents a clear and concise argument about the advantages and disadvantages of online education. The writer begins by acknowledging the rapid development of technology and its impact on education. The advantages of online education are highlighted first, such as flexibility and access to a wide range of resources. The disadvantages are then mentioned, such as the lack of face-to-face interaction and the need for self-discipline. The writer concludesby expressing their own opinion, emphasizing the positive aspects of online education while acknowledging its challenges.The essay follows a logical structure, with clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. The writer uses appropriate vocabulary and sentence structures to convey their ideas effectively. Overall, the essay demonstrates a strong understanding of the topic and provides a balanced perspective on the issue.。

国际经济学-国际贸易试题-山东大学经济学院

25个选择题共50分，两个简答题30分，两个计算题20分张老师说：选择题要理解为什么，否则不一定能够做对下面是第一章到第五章的选择题及答案余下答案：acadaccacbInterdependence: 互相依赖international:. 国际的microeconomic: 微观经济interregional:地区间的Choice questions1 Ricardo explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of( A)A the labor theory of valueB the opportunity cost theoryC the law of diminishing returns:边际报酬递减定律D all of the above2. If with one hour of labor time nation A can produce either 3X or 3Y while nation B can produce either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the only input投入), the range of mutually 互相的beneficial trade between nation A and B is: (C )A. 3Y<3X<5YB. 5Y<3X<9YC. 3Y<3X<9YD. 1Y<3X<3Y3. The commodity商品in which the nation has the smallest absolute disadvantage is thecommodity of its (D ).A. absolute disadvantageB. absolute advantageC. comparative disadvantageD. comparative advantage4. If in a two-nation (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is established that nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity X, then nation B must have: (D )A an absolute advantage in commodity YB an absolute disadvantage in commodity YC a comparative disadvantage in commodity YD a comparative advantage in commodity Y5. If domestically 国内的3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:(D )A there will be no trade between the two nationsB the relative price of X is the same in both nationsC the relative price of Y is the same in both nationsD all of the above6. An increase in the dollar price of a foreign currency 货币usually ( B)A benefits U.S. importers进口商B benefits U.S. Exporters 出口商C benefits both U.S. importers and U.S. exportersD harms both U.S. importers and U.S. exporters7. The Mercantilists 重商主义者did not advocate 提倡( A)A free tradeB stimulating the nation’s exports stimulate刺激C restricting 限制the nation’s importsD the accumulation积聚of gold by the nationSlope 倾斜stepwise 逐步地equilibrium relative commodity均衡相对商品intersection交叉点余下答案：BACDbd1. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the MRS of X for Y? ( D)A. It is given by the absolute slope斜率of the indifference curve 无差异曲线B. declines下降as the nation moves down an indifference curveC. rises as the nation moves up an indifference curveD. all of the above2 The marginal rate of transformation边际转换率(MRT)of X for Y refers to ( D)A the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit单位of XB the opportunity cost of XC the absolute slope of the production frontier生产可能性边界at the point of productionD all of the above3 The marginal rate of substitution边际替换率(MRS) of X for Y in consumption消费refers to the ( B)A amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y and still remain on the same indifference curveB amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X and still remain on the same indifference curveC amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y to reach a higher indifference curveD amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X to reach a higher indifference curve4. Which of the following is not a reason for increasing opportunity costs? ( A)A. technology differs among nationsB. factors of production are not homogenous同质的C. factors of production are not used in the same fixed proportion固定比例in the production of all commoditiesD. For the nation to produce more of a commodity, it must use resources that are less and less suited适合in the production of the commodity5. Export prices出口价格must rise for a nation to increase its exports because the nation: ( D)A incurs招致increasing opportunity costs in export productionB faces decreasing减少opportunity costs in producing import substitutes. 替代品C faces decreasing marginal rate of substitution in consumptionD all of the above6. In the trade between a small and a large nation (B ).A. the large nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradeB. the small nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradeC. the gains from trade are likely to equally sharedD. we cannot say7 Commodity indifference curves (D )A are negatively slopedB are convex凸的to the origin原点C should not cross交叉D all of the above8. Nation 1’s share份额of the gains from trade will be greater: (B )A. the greater is nation 1’s demand for nation 2’s exportsB. the closer Px/Py with trade settles贸易落定to nation 2’s pretrade Px/PyC. the weaker is nation 2’s demand for nation 1’s exportsD. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 1’s pretrade Px/Pyconcave凹的intersect 相交application 应用equilibrium均衡compensation principle补偿原则isolation孤立inside在…之内tangent切线internal. 内部的exceed超过specialize专门化mutually互相地taste偏好余下答案：cdcacddddd1. If a nation does not affect world prices by its trading, its offer curve: ( a)A. is a straight lineB. bulges凸出toward the axis轴measuring衡量the import commodityC. intersects相交the straight-line直线segment部分of the world’s offer curveD. intersects the positively-sloped portion积极倾斜的部分of the world’s offer curve2. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis局部均衡分析is false? (c )A. it relies on traditional demand and supply curvesB. it isolates for study one marketC. it can be used to determine the equilibrium relative commodity price均衡相对商品价格but not the equilibrium quantity均衡产量with tradeD. it does not take into considerations the interactions相互作用between different markets3. If the nation’s tastes for its import commodity increases (d )A. the nation’s offer curve rotates旋转toward the axis measuring its import commodityB. the partner’s offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodityC. the partner’s offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodityD. the nation’s offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity4. The offer curve of a nation bulges凸出toward the axis measuring the nation’s ( a)A. import commodityB. export commodityC. export or import commodityD. nontraded commodity5. The offer curve of a nation shows: (d )A. the supply of a nation’s importsB. the demand for a nation’s exportsC. the trade partner’s demand for imports and supply of exportsD. the nation’s demand for imports and supply of exports6. If the terms of trade贸易条件of a nation are 1.5 in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner are: ( b)A. 3/4B. 2/3C. 3/2D. 4/37. A deterioration恶化of a nation’s terms of trade causes the nation’s welfare to: (d )A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the aboveapproximation近似sought寻找V olume量余下答案：dcdddaba1. Which is not an assumption假设of the H-O model? ( c)A. the same the technology in both nationsB. constant returns to scale规模报酬不变C. complete specialization完全专业化D. equal tastes相同偏好in both nations2. The Leontief paradox里昂惕夫悖论refers to the empirical finding实证发现that U.S.:(a )A. import substitutes are more K-intensive than exportsB. imports are more K-intensive than exportsC. exports are more L-intensive than importsD. exports are more K-intensive than import substitutes3. In the H-O model, international trade is based mostly on a difference in: (b )A. technologyB. factor endowments禀赋C. economies of scale规模经济D. tastes4. The H-O model extends延伸the classical trade model by: (c)A. explaining the basis for comparative advantageB. examining检查the effect of trade on factor pricesC. both A and BD. neither A nor B5. A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations can be based upon a difference in (d )A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastesD. all of the above6. For factor reversal逆转to occur, two commodities must be produced with: (a )A. sufficiently充分地different elasticity of substitution替代弹性of factorsB. the same K/L ratio比率C. technologically-fixed factor proportions比例D. equal elasticity of substitution of factorsintensive集中的reject驳回,排斥await 等候余下答案：acbdcaddc简答题：每题最好都画图1.贸易理论：US和UK两国的W和C互换（见书），计算两国贸易所得2.画图说明一国两种产品的最优组合（无差异曲线与生产可能性曲线相交的切点）3.画图说明即使生产可能性曲线一样，无差异曲线不同，两国也能发生贸易4.求两国的提供曲线以及均衡贸易量和均衡产品价格5.Draw the offer curves for Nation 1 and Nation 2, showing that Nation 2 is a small nationthat trades at the pretrade-relative commodity prices in Nation 1. How are the gains fromtrade distributed between the two nations? Why?6.H—O—S模型，H—O模型7.里昂休斯悖论及解释6.幼稚产业观点7.说明产品周期8.Table 9——1 配额和关税的区别（因书上文字过多，就不一一写答案了）计算：1.题给两国的供给，需求曲线，求没有贸易时孤立均衡点2.给出供给，需求曲线的方程，计算关税，消费者损失，生产者剩余增加额（配额）3.第六章计算题第三题。

an increasing number of students re registering

An Increasing Number of Students Re-registering Causesand ConsequencesIn recent years, there has been a noticeable trend of studentsre-registering for schools and universities. This article aims to explore the reasons behind this phenomenon and its implications for the education system.下面是本店铺为大家精心编写的5篇《An Increasing Number of Students Re-registering Causes and Consequences》，供大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

《An Increasing Number of Students Re-registering Causes and Consequences》篇1Introduction:Re-registration is a process where students who have already been enrolled in a school or university register again for the same or a different institution. In the past few years, there has been an increasing number of students re-registering, a trend that has caught the attention of educators, policymakers, and researchers. This article will analyze the causes of this trend and its consequences for the education system.Causes:There are several reasons why students choose tore-register. One of the main reasons is dissatisfaction with their current institution. This can be due to a variety of factors, such as the quality of education, the availability of resources, or the overall environment. Students may alsore-register if they want to pursue a different major or program, or if they want to attend an institution with a better reputation.Another reason for re-registration is financial difficulty. Some students may struggle to pay for their education, and they may decide to re-register at a more affordable institution. Additionally, some students may re-register in order to increase their chances of getting a job after graduation, as employers may prefer graduates from certain institutions.Consequences:The increasing number of students re-registering has both positive and negative consequences for the education system. On the one hand, it can promote competition among institutions, leading to improvements in the quality of education and services offered. It can also provide students with more choices and opportunities to find the best fit for their educational needs.However, re-registration can also lead to some negative consequences. It can create confusion and inefficiencies in the admissions process, as institutions have to deal with a larger number of applications. It can also lead to a lack of stability and continuity in the education system, as students move from one institution to another.Conclusion:In conclusion, the trend of students re-registering is a complex phenomenon with multiple causes and consequences for the education system. While it can promote competition and provide students with more choices, it can also create challenges for institutions and lead to instability in the education system. It is important for educators, policymakers, and researchers to further explore this trend and develop strategies to address its negative consequences while promoting its positive aspects.《An Increasing Number of Students Re-registering Causes and Consequences》篇2Title: An Increasing Number of Students Re-registering: Causes and ConsequencesContent:The phenomenon of an increasing number of studentsre-registering for courses or programs has become a topic of concern in recent years. This trend is evident in many educational institutions worldwide, and it has significant implications for students, educators, and the broader educational system. In this article, we will explore the causes and consequences of this trend and consider possible solutions to address the issue.Causes:1. Student dissatisfaction with their initial academic choices: Many students may re-register due to a lack of alignment between their expectations and the reality of their chosen courses or programs. This can be attributed to insufficient research or misinformation during the initial selection process.2. Changing career goals: As students gain more experience and knowledge about their interests and strengths, their career goals may evolve, leading them to pursue different courses or programs.3. Economic factors: The rising cost of higher education and the increasing competition in the job market may compelstudents to re-register in order to acquire skills or credentials that are more aligned with the current job market demands.4. Personal circumstances: Changes in personal circumstances, such as health, family, or financial issues, may force students to re-register in order to accommodate their new responsibilities or priorities.Consequences:1. Financial implications: Re-registering may lead to additional costs, such as application fees, tuition, and textbooks, which can create financial strain for students and their families.2. Academic impact: Re-registering may result in delays in graduation or the accrual of additional credits, which can affect a student"s academic record and overall performance.3. Social and emotional toll: The process of re-registering can be stressful and time-consuming, and it may lead to feelings of uncertainty, anxiety, or disappointment for students.4. Institutional resources: The increasing number of students re-registering may place additional burdens on institutional resources, such as advisory services,registration systems, and support services.Solutions:1. Improved guidance and counseling: Educators and advisors can play a crucial role in helping students make more informed academic choices initially, thereby reducing the need for re-registration.2. Flexibility in program design: Institutions can consider offering more flexible programs or courses that allow for changes in student interests or career goals.3. Enhanced career planning resources: Providing students with access to comprehensive career planning resources can help them make more informed decisions about their academic paths.4. Increased transparency: Institutions can improve communication with students about the realities of their chosen courses or programs, including potential career paths, job prospects, and financial implications.In conclusion, the trend of increasing studentre-registrations is a complex issue with significant consequences for students, educators, and institutions. By identifying the causes and consequences of this trend and implementing possible solutions, we can work towards creatinga more efficient and satisfying academic experience for all stakeholders.《An Increasing Number of Students Re-registering Causes and Consequences》篇3Title: An Increasing Number of Students Re-registering: Causes and ConsequencesIntroduction:In recent years, there has been a noticeable trend of students re-registering for courses, either within the same academic institution or at a different one. This phenomenon has sparked concerns among educators, students, and parents, with many wondering about the underlying causes and consequences of this trend. This article aims to provide an objective analysis of the reasons behind the increasing number of studentsre-registering and the impacts it has on their academic and personal lives.Causes:1. Unsatisfied Expectations: Students may re-register fora course if they feel that their initial experience did not meet their expectations, whether it be in terms of the teaching quality, subject matter, or overall learning experience.2. Change in Interests: As students grow and develop, their interests may shift, leading them to pursue different courses or majors that better align with their current goals and aspirations.3. Academic Performance: Students who perform poorly in a course may decide to re-register in order to improve their grades or gain a better understanding of the subject matter.4. Career Goals: Some students may re-register for courses that better align with their desired career paths or help them acquire specific skills needed for their chosen professions.5. Financial Considerations: The cost of higher education has increased significantly in recent years, making it more difficult for students to afford multiple attempts at completing a course. However, some students may feel thatre-registering is a necessary investment in their future.Consequences:1. Financial Burden: Re-registering for a course can add financial strain to students and their families, especially if the cost of tuition is high.2. Academic Pressure: Students who re-register may feel increased pressure to perform well in the course, which can leadto anxiety and stress.3. Impact on Graduation Timeline: Re-registering may extend a student"s graduation timeline, as they need to complete the required credit hours again.4. Effect on Academic Record: Re-registering can have an impact on a student"s academic record, potentially affecting their GPA and overall academic standing.5. Social Implications: Students who re-register may feela sense of shame or embarrassment, as they may be perceived as having failed or under-performed in their initial attempt at the course.Conclusion:In conclusion, the increasing number of studentsre-registering for courses is a complex phenomenon with multiple causes and consequences. While some students may benefit from re-registering, it is essential to consider the financial and academic implications of this decision. Educators and institutions should also reflect on how to improve the initial learning experience and support students in achieving their academic goals.《An Increasing Number of Students Re-registering Causesand Consequences》篇4Title: An Increasing Number of Students Re-registering: Causes and ConsequencesContent:The phenomenon of an increasing number of studentsre-registering for courses or programs has become a topic of concern in recent years. This trend has resulted in a range of causes and consequences that affect both students and educational institutions.One of the main causes of students re-registering is a lack of clarity in their academic goals or confusion about their career paths. Many students may enroll in a program without fully understanding their interests or the requirements of the field, leading to dissatisfaction with their chosen course or program. Additionally, some students may face challenges in adjusting to the academic environment, such as managing time effectively or dealing with increased academic pressure, which can contribute to their decision to re-register.Another factor contributing to the rise in studentre-registrations is the changing job market and employment prospects. With increasing competition for jobs, students mayfeel the need to pursue a major or course that is more aligned with the current job market demands. As a result, they may decide to re-register in order to switch to a more employable field or gain additional skills that will enhance their job prospects.The consequences of an increasing number of studentsre-registering can be both positive and negative. On the one hand, re-registering can provide students with the opportunity to explore their interests more thoroughly and find a program that better aligns with their career goals. This can lead to increased student satisfaction and improved academic performance.However, re-registering can also have negative consequences for both students and educational institutions. For students，反复注册可能会导致额外的时间和经济成本，以及对学业进程的延误。

2024年考研英语二阅读Text2试题及答案完整版

2024年考研英语二阅读Text2试题及答案完整版PassageIn recent years, the concept of "inclusive growth" has gained significant attention in both academic and policy-making circles. The idea is to ensure that economic growth benefits everyone, rather than just the wealthy. This has led to a renewed focus on wealth distribution and therole of education in narrowing the economic gap. This passage will discuss the importance of inclusive growth, the challenges it faces, and the role of education in achieving it.The Importance of Inclusive GrowthInclusive growth is crucial for sustainable economic development. When growth is inclusive, it leads to a reduction in poverty and inequality, fostering social cohesion and stability. In contrast, exclusive growth can exacerbate social divisions, leading to social unrest and political instability. Inclusivegrowth ensures that all segments of society benefit from economic progress, thereby enhancing overall societal well-being.The Challenges of Inclusive GrowthDespite the importance of inclusive growth, achieving it is fraught with challenges. One major challenge is the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities. The wealthy often have better access to resources, such as education and healthcare, which enables them to benefit more from economic growth. In contrast, the poor are often left behind, struggling to improve their living conditions. This creates a cycle of poverty that is difficult to break.Another challenge is the lack of political will. In many cases, policy-makers are more concerned with short-term economic growth and political gains than with long-term inclusive growth. This can result in policies that prioritize the interests of the wealthy, perpetuating inequality.The Role of Education in Inclusive GrowthEducation is a powerful tool for achieving inclusive growth. By providing access to quality education, societies can empower individuals to improve their economic prospects and contribute to overall economic development. Here are some ways in which education can promote inclusive growth:1. Enhancing Human Capital: Education equips individuals with the skills and knowledge needed to participate in the modern economy. This enables them to secure better jobs and earn higher incomes, thereby reducing poverty and inequality.2. Promoting Social Mobility: Education can break the cycle of poverty by providing opportunities for upward mobility. When individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds have access to quality education, they can overcome the barriers that prevent them from escaping poverty.3. Fostering Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Education encourages innovation andentrepreneurship, which are crucial for sustainable economic growth. By nurturing the next generation of innovators and entrepreneurs, education can drive economic progress and create jobs.4. Strengthening Social Cohesion: Education promotes social cohesion by fostering a sense of community and shared values. This can help reduce social divisions and promote inclusive growth.5. Encouraging Gender Equality: Education can play a significant role in promoting gender equality, which is essential for inclusive growth. By providing girls and women with access to quality education, societies can empower them to participate fully in economic and social life.ConclusionIn conclusion, inclusive growth is a vital aspect of sustainable economic development. It ensures that all members of society benefit from economic progress, fostering social cohesion and stability. However, achieving inclusive growthis challenging, requiring addressing issues such as unequal resource distribution and lack of political will. Education plays a crucial rolein promoting inclusive growth by enhancing human capital, fostering social mobility, nurturing innovation and entrepreneurship, strengthening social cohesion, and encouraging gender equality.【答案】1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of education in achieving inclusive growth.B) The challenges of achieving inclusive growth.C) The role of inclusive growth in sustainable economic development.D) The concept of inclusive growth and its significance.答案：D2. According to the passage, what is one major challenge in achieving inclusive growth?A) The lack of political will.B) The unequal distribution of resources and opportunities.C) The prioritization of short-term economic growth.D) The lack of access to quality education.答案：B3. How can education contribute to inclusive growth?A) By reducing the gap between the rich and the poor.B) By providing access to quality education.C) By fostering innovation and entrepreneurship.D) All of the above.答案：D4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a role of education in promoting inclusive growth?A) Enhancing human capital.B) Promoting social mobility.C) Fostering innovation and entrepreneurship.D) Encouraging economic globalization.答案：D5. What is the author's tone towards inclusive growth?A) Optimistic.B) Pessimistic.C) Neutral.D) Critical.答案：A（注：本文为虚构的考研英语二阅读理解Text 2试题及答案，仅供参考。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

Increasing Opportunities for Reuse through Tool and Methodology Support for Enterprise-wide Requirements Reuse and EvolutionK. Suzanne Barber, Thomas J. Graser, andStephen R. JerniganThe Laboratory for Intelligent Processes andSystemsThe University of Texas at Austin24th and Speedway, ENS 240Austin, TX 78712barber@Col. John Silva M.D.Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency3701 N. Fairfax Dr.Arlington, VA 22203-17144jsilva@ AbstractAs more organizations attempt to reuse previous development efforts and incorporate legacy systems, typical software development activities have transitioned from unique ground-up coding efforts to the integration of new code, legacy code, and COTS implementations. This transition has brought on a whole new set of development issues, including resolving mismatches between integrated components and tracing legacy and COTS components to requirements. This paper presents the Systems Engineering Process Activities (SEPA) methodology, which SEPA aids the reuse and integration process by emphasizing support for requirements management, monitoring, and traceability. The SEPA methodology supports the development process in three main areas: (i) requirements gathering, analysis, and verification prior to design; (ii) separation of domain-based and application-based (i.e. implementation-specific) requirements; and (iii) component-based development. Keywords: Requirements engineering, Software reuse, Software engineering methodology, CASE tools, DSSA Workshop Goals: To discuss approaches for monitoring evolving requirements, maintaining mappings from requirements to implementations, and identifying viable portions of respective implementation reuse.Working Groups: Tool support for requirements engineering and reuse1.BackgroundAs with all software development efforts, gathering, monitoring, and managing requirements is a significant aspect to a successful integration and reuse effort, and failures can often be attributed to poorly defined and poorly managed requirements. According to Alford, "In nearly every software project which fails to meet performance and cost goals, requirements inadequacies play a major and expensive role in project failure" [1]. While development of a requirements specification seems trivial in many cases, it is probably the part of the process which leads to more failures than any other [2]. The process of gathering, managing, and analyzing requirementshas a direct affect on the cost of system development, integration, and subsequent maintenance. In fact, the need for maintenance can be attributed to (i) the satisfaction of evolving user requirements and (ii) changes needed in a software implementation to address requirements not addressed in original delivery. The root of the latter lies in poor requirements gathering and analysis and an untraceable translation from requirements to a system design. Inadequate verification and validation often fail to detect delivered systems that fall short of their intended purpose. In most domains, the evolution of user requirements is inevitable. Changes in requirements often occur during system development that are not reflected in the final product. Needs may also change after system development, as the benefits of new technologies are recognized and domain processes evolve.2.PositionLarge scale code reuse is not practical without a corresponding reuse of the requirements from which the code was created. By emphasizing requirements reuse (e.g. artifacts from requirements gathering and analysis activities) the developer increases chances for implementation (e.g. code, COTS tools) reuse since individual requirements often map to large portions of an implementation. However, while requirements reuse is often suggested, current methodology and tool support is lacking in this area.3.ApproachTo increase the opportunities for reuse, developers should consider reuse of artifacts throughout the analysis, design, and implementation phases -- the opportunities for reuse are vast and should not be limited to code alone. The U.S. Department of Defense suggests that coding should only consume about 10% to 15% of total software development time, so an emphasis on analysis and design reuse is more profitable. While code reuse typically occurs only at lower-level system design artifacts, analysis and design reuse often results in whole collections of related artifacts being reused [3]. Methodologies can further increase odds for reuse by identifying potential reuse at all system levels (e.g. entire system, subsystem, code function) and among all participating elements (e.g. new development, legacy systems, and COTS components). To achieve this degree of reuse among what are often incompatible implementations and architectures suggests making reuse a reality at a higher, more abstract level. 3.1.Requirements Reuse in System IntegrationThe integration effort which represents a large part of today’s component-based software development typically falls into one of the following scenarios:1.COTS integration from multiple developers. The development environment has moved beyond sole sourcecomponent solutions.2.COTS integration with new customized portions. Systems are often a hybrid of COTS portions and customizedportions, where business logic is added to custom components that take advantage of basic services (e.g. word processing, data storage) provided by COTS components.3.Integration of legacy, COTS, and new components. Many businesses have a large investment in existing,legacy systems that have a proven record of enabling essential business processes. It is often cost prohibitive to rebuild these systems, yet new functionality must be incorporated.The difficulty in integrating disparate components has been a significant barrier to realizing code reuse on a large scale [4]. With the difficulty encountered in integration, each new system often becomes as much a new invention as if it had been created from scratch. As a result, programmers often assume that writing their own code is easier than integrating someone else’s code. Typical issues aggravating the integration effort include the following:•Current methodologies lack the ability to reuse requirements in determining if intended end-user needs for a new system are similar to those of a previously developed system or portions of new requirements are related to portions/components of previously developed systems.•Current methodologies lack the ability to reuse analysis, design, and code artifacts from previous implementations.•It is a rare opportunity when new systems can be developed entirely from COTS software components designed for seamless integration. The addition of "glue code" is typically necessary to aid integration. While the use of COTS components may reduce programming effort, this additional level of effort represents value added which must be factored into the total cost in development.3.2.Monitoring Requirements Evolution to Facilitate ReuseWhen requirements are established, they reflect the needs of the domain, organization, and specific implementation. However, these needs continue to evolve. Therefore, a methodology and its associated tools should support a parallel "requirements evolution" process. Given that requirements guide the implementation process, it should be possible to trace an implementation back to requirements. As requirements evolve, tool support can allow the corresponding traces to implementations to be carried along, providing guidance as to how the old implementation may satisfy new requirements. Further, the set of new requirements which are not addressed by old requirements provide an indication as to the degree of rework required (expressed in requirements) and guide additional development. Factoring in requirements evolution as an integral part of system development and maintenance, the development cycle becomes an issue of integration on two levels:1.mapping, evolving, and integrating requirements previously gathered, analyzed, and verified into newrequirements and2.integrating technologies inferred by the traceability links from integrated requirements.3.3.Support for Integration and Requirements Reuse in the Systems Engineering ProcessActivities (SEPA)The Systems Engineering Process Activities (SEPA), developed at the Laboratory for Intelligent Process and Systems at the University of Texas at Austin, builds upon both the Domain-Specific Software Architectures (DSSA) methodology and popular object-oriented (OO) approaches by focusing on knowledge engineering activities critical for effective domain analysis. DSSA is a joint industry/university research effort which was initiated to demonstrate the benefits of large-scale component-based software reuse within the avionics domain by creating a multi-media workstation-based, process-oriented, software composition environment that uses constraint-based reasoning to assist the user in application generation and verification [5]. Similar to DSSA, SEPA highlights the need to distinguish between domain requirements (e.g. the primary task of a Payroll Dept. is to issue payroll warrants) and application requirements (e.g. all payroll warrants must be processed within 8 hours), while also promoting the identification and specification of appropriate "domain components" and corresponding "technology solutions." Domain components represent an object-oriented partitioning of domain tasks (e.g. issue payroll warrants) across responsible parties (e.g. "Payroll Issuer") without designating a particular implementation. To realize an actual system implementation, the system designer must select appropriate technology solutions based on application requirements to satisfy chosen domain components based on domain requirements. A technology solution need not be a hardware or software implementation; the most appropriate solution may be an individual playing the role of a domain component (e.g. Fred Smith is best selection as a "Payroll Issuer" because he is able to process all payroll in less than 8 hours).Object-oriented development provides widely acknowledged benefits such as the reuse of existing code, extensibility, and simplified maintenance. Object-oriented analysis (OOA) focuses on “what” must be done while object-oriented design (OOD) focuses on “how” it is done. The importance of this distinction is that “what” an object does is less dynamic over time than “how” the object does it. SEPA borrows and extends this “what vs. how” phenomenon to defining domain components and identifying applicable technology solutions. Domain requirements are quite stable and relatively resilient to technological changes, while application requirements are more dynamic and exhibit a greater degree of vulnerability to changes in technology. By representing the requirements separately, the analysis of the more stable domain requirements can be reused in future development efforts.SEPA extends DSSA by formalizing the analysis and design methodology and providing tool support throughout the process. For example, the SEPA tools aid the process of gathering and representing requirements knowledge and accommodate the coexistence of contrasting (and often conflicting) requirement perspectives. These contrasting perspectives are subsequently unified and used to derive domain-based components and specific application requirements. Decisions made by the design engineer during tool usage are captured and provide traceability throughout the entire SEPA process.The SEPA funnel (Figure 1) depicts how user requirements are gathered, narrowed, refined, and structured into a component-based system design specification. The SEPA methodology and tool suite provide integrated support for the following activities in the development cycle:1.Managing and monitoring artifacts from Knowledge Acquisition (KA) to establish a grounding fortraceability.Tool support: Knowledge Acquisition Manager (KAM).2.Modeling requirements elicited from multiple domain experts and system users.3.Synthesizing the perspectives of multiple experts into single, unified set of requirements representations.Tool support: Hybrid Domain Representation Archive (HyDRA).4.Separating requirements information into requirements related to the domain (e.g. domain tasks),requirements related to a specific application (e.g. performance and installation needs), and references to legacy systems.Tool support: SEPArator.5.Deriving object-oriented classes responsible for domain tasks in an implementation independent manner toencourage long term reuse as new technologies become available.Tool support: Reference Architecture Representation Environment (RARE).6.Modeling requirements related to the performance, operation, and installation of a specific system(application requirements), and mapping those requirements to the technologies (e.g. COTS tools, code) that satisfy them and the domain classes to which the technologies are registered.Tool support: Tool for Application Requirements Extraction and Technology Specification(TARETS).7.Technology brokering, where available technologies are integrated into a design specification satisfyingboth application requirements and domain requirements.Tool support: Requirements Integration and Verification Tool (RIVT).Figure 1: SEPA Methodology Activities Funnel and Supporting ToolsparisonAs with methodologies, tool suites should support the entire analysis, design, development, and maintenance as seamlessly as possible. While commercial tools have done an adequate job of addressing the latter half of this lifecycle, support for requirements gathering and analysis has been limited. Available tools emphasize system design and code generation since the business case has been established in the area and developers can reap immediate benefits [6-8].A similar research effort that aligns with SEPA’s is the ADAGE tool suite [9] supporting the DSSA methodology. ADAGE tools have had success with domain component representation and subsequent component-based code generation. Less emphasis has been placed on supporting requirements gathering and analysis. Future collaborations will leverage SEPA’s support for requirements gathering and analysis, object-oriented component derivation, and requirements traceability with ADAGE’s support for component representation and code generation.References[1]M. Alford and J. Lawson, “Software Requirements Engineering Methodology (Development),” U.S. Air ForceRome Air Development Center RADC-TR-79-168, June 1979 1979.[2]M. Dorfman, “Requirements Engineering,” in Software Requirements, R. H. Thayer and M. Dorfman, Eds. LosAlamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1997, pp. 7-21.[3]U. S. Department of Defense, “Guidelines for Successful Acquisition and Management of Software-IntensiveSystems,” Department of the Air Force, Software Technology Support Center 1996.[4]D. Garlan, R. Allen, and J. Ockerbloom, “Architectural Mismatch or, Why it's hard to build systems out ofexisting parts,” presented at 17th International Conference on Software Engineering, Seattle, Washington, 1995.[5]W. Tracz, “DSSA (Domain Specific Software Architecture) Pedagogical Example,” ACM SIGSOFT SoftwareEngineering Notes, vol. 20, pp. 49-62, 1995.[6]Rational, “Unified Modeling Language,” /uml: Rational Software Corporation, 1998.[7]Verilog, “Verilog ObjectGEODE,” . /home.htm, 1997.[8]D. Harel, “STATEMATE: A working environment for the development of Complex Reactive Systems,” inSoftware State-of-the-Art: Selected Papers, T. DeMarco and T. Lister, Eds. New York: Dorset House, 1990, pp.322-338.[9]W. Tracz, “What is ADAGE?,” . /dssa/adage/1.html, 1995.BiographyK. Suzanne Barber (barber@), Dr. Barber established the Laboratory for Intelligent Processes and Systems at UT-Austin in 1992. Her current research examines 1) formal systems and software engineering analysis & design methodologies, modeling techniques, and tools, 2) distributed, knowledge-based planning and control systems, and 3) knowledge representations. The research focuses on the development of domain-specific component-based systems and the realization of distributed, autonomous agent-based systems. The Domain Specific System Architectures course, developed by Dr. Barber, highlights those systems engineering approaches employed in her research efforts.Dr. Barber began her career at The Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University where her research resulted in a language and user interface, providing semantics and teaching strategies enabling interactive human-to-machine communication during the definition and performance of robotic assembly tasks. She later joined the Automation and Robotics Research Institute (ARRI) where her research results included an object-oriented system encapsulating design information and application behavior specifications to adaptively plan manufacturing tasks. Dr. Barber actively collaborates with NCMS, NIST, NSF, and DoD research programs and is a member of IEEE, AAAI, ACM, and ASEE.。