研究生英语精读教程课文原文+翻译+短文unit5
The End Is Not at HandThe environmental rhetoric overblown.The planet will surviveRobert J. SamuelsonWhoever coined the phrase "save the planet" is a public relation genius. It conveys the sense of impending catastrophe and high purpose that has wrapped environmentalism in an aura of moral urgency.It also typifies environmentalism's rhetorical excesses, which, in any other context, would be seen as wild exaggeration or simple dishonesty.无论是谁杜撰了“拯救地球”这一说法，他都是一位公共关系方面的天才。
这一说法既表达了对即将来临的灭顶之灾的意识，也满怀着使环境保护论带有道义紧迫感这一大的目标。
同时这种说法也表明环境保护论言过其实，这种夸大在其他任何场合都会被视为是在危言耸听或愚蠢的欺骗。
Up to a point, our environmental awareness has checked a mindless enthusiasm for unrestrained economic growth.We have sensibly curbed some of growth's harmful side effects. But environmentalism increasingly resembles a holy crusade addicted to hype and ignorant of history.Every environmental ill is depicted as an onrushing calamity that—if not stopped willend life as we know it.就某种程度而言，我们的环境意识遏制了对自由经济增长所表现出的盲目热情。
我们已明智地抑制了增长中所出现的一些有害的副作用，但是环境保护论却越来越像一场沉缅于狂热的宣传与对历史一无所知的圣战。
每一由环境问题引发的不幸都被描绘成一场势不可挡的灾难。
这场灾难如不加以制止，正像我们所知晓的那样，就会摧毁生命。
Take the latest scare: the greenhouse effect. We' re presented with the horrifying specter of a world that incinerates itself.Act now, or sizzle later. Food supplies will wither. Glaciers will melt. Coastal areas will flood. In fact, the probable losses from any greenhouse warming are modest: 1 to 2 percent of our economy's output by the year 2050, estimates economist William Cline.The loss seems even smaller compared with the expected growth of the economy (a doubling) over the same period.以最近出现的恐慌——温室效应——为例。
展现在我们面前的是一个自我焚毁、可怕的幽灵般的世界。
即刻行动，否则世界将咝咝烧焦。
食品供应即将枯竭。
冰川即将溶化。
沿海地区即将淹没。
事实上，任何温室热效应可能造成的损失都是有限的：经济学家威廉·克莱恩估计，到2050年只占我们经济产出的1%到2%。
与预想的同期经济增长(翻一番)相比，这一损失更显得微不足道。
No environmental problem threatens the "planet" or rates with the danger of a nuclear war.No oil spill ever caused suffering on a par with today's civil war in Yugoslavia, which isa minor episode in human misery. World WarⅡleft more than35 million dead. Cambodia's civil war resulted in 1 million to 3 million deaths.The great scourges of humanity remain what they have always been: war, natural disaster, oppressive government, crushing poverty and hate. On any scale of tragedy, environmental distress is a featherweight.没有任何环境问题威胁这颗“星球”，任何环境问题无法用核战争所带所来的危害来衡量。
任何石油溢出造成的危害也无法同今日南斯拉夫内战——它不过是人类苦难中的一段小插曲——相比拟。
第二次世界大战导致3 500 多万人死亡。
柬埔寨内战导致100至300万人死亡。
人类的巨大祸患一如既往：战争、自然灾害、暴虐政府、极度的贫困与仇恨。
在悲剧的任何尺度上，环境问题造成的痛苦都轻如鸿毛。
This is not an argument for indifference or inaction. It is an argument for perspective and balance. You can believe (as I do) that the possibility of greenhouse warming enhances an already strong case for an energy tax.A tax would curb ordinary airpollution, limit oil imports, cut the budget deficit and promote energy efficient investments that make economic sense.这并非在为漠不关心或无动于衷进行辩解，这是在为前途和平衡而进行辩论。
你可以相信(像我那样)，温室热效应的可能性强化了已具说服力的征缴能源税的理由。
税收会抑制通常的空气污染，限制石油进口，减少预算赤字并提高具有经济意义的能效投入。
But it does not follow that anyone who disagrees with me is evil or even wrong.On the greenhouse effect, for instance, there‘s ample scientific doubt over whether warming will occur and, if so, how much. Moreover, the warming would occur over decades. People and businesses could adjust. To take one example: farmers could shift to more heat-resistant seeds.但这并非意味着同我观点相悖的人就是居心叵测，或甚至是错误的。
例如，就温室效应而言，热效应是否会发生，如果发生，其程度如何，对这类问题还存在大量的科学疑问。
此外，热效应的发生需几十年的时间。
人与行业可以进行调整。
举一例：农民可改用更为耐热的种子。
Unfortunately, the impulse of many environmentalists is to vilify and simplify. Critics of environmental restrictions are portrayed as selfish and ignorant creeps.Doomsday scenarios are developed to prove the seriousness of environmental dangers.Cline‘s recent greenhouse study projected warming 250 years into the future. Guess what, it increases sharply. This is an absurd exercise akin to predicting life in 1992 at the time of the French and Indian War (1754～1763).遗憾的是，许多环境保护论者感情用事，搞中伤和将事情简单化。
环境限制法的批评者被描绘为自私自利、愚昧无知的小人。
创作出了有关世界末日的电影剧本以证实环境危险的严重性。
克莱恩最近对温室效应的研究展现了热效应在今后250年间的变化。
猜猜吧，结果是什么?它在急剧增长。
这就类似于一种在法印战争（1754~1763）时期预言1992的生活的无稽之谈。
The rhetorical overkill is not just innocent excess. It clouds our understanding. For starters, it minimizes the great progress that has been made, especially in industrialized countries. In the United States, air and water pollution have dropped dramatically.Since 1960, particulate emissions (soot, cinders) are down by 65 percent. Lead emissions have fallen by 97 percent since 1970. Smog has declined in most cities.大谈特谈过多的伤亡并非过分的无知，它混淆人们的视听。
研究生英语综合教程上 unit5原文翻译剖析
Unit FiveThe term yoga comes from a Sanskrit word which means yoke or union. Traditionally, yoga is a method joiningthe individual self with the Divine, Universal Spirit, orCosmicConsciousness. Physical and mental exercises are designed to help achieve this goal, also calledself-transcendence or enlightenment. On the physical level yogapostures, called asanas, are designed to tone, strengthen,and align me body. These postures are performed to make the spine supple and healthy and to promote blood flow to all the organs, glands, and tissues, keeping all thebodily systems healthy. On the mental level, yoga uses breathing techniques (pranayama) and meditation (dydna)to quiet, clarify, and discipline the mind. However, experts are quick to point out that yoga is not a religion, but away of living with health and peace of mind as its aim”““瑜伽”这个词源于梵语，意思是结合”或联合“s.万物之灵或无穷的意传统上瑜伽是一种把个人和神，识联合在一起的方法。
研究生英语课文翻译Unit 5 Take a Lesson from the Economists
Take a Lesson from the EconomistsEconomics is the dismal science:so say the large number of people who heap scorn on the intellectual merits of the discipline,Much of the criticism comes from “pure”or “proper”scientists-physicists,chemists and biologists.Now,economics certainly has its failings.But the general way in which economists approach and describe the world,and how they convey their message about it to others,carries lessons which pure scientists should learn from.经济学是一门忧郁的科学，很多人都嘲笑这个学科获得的智力成果。
这其中的很多批评都来自于所谓的纯科学学科或者合理的科学学科-物理，化学和生物。
当下，经济学当然是有它的不足。
但是经济学家发现和描述世界的方式，以及他们如何向别人传达与之有关的信息，其实是有很多地方值得这些纯科学家学习的。
Economics has inexactitudes and vagueness built into it.The general lack of reliable data about past events makes virtually impossible the accurate measurement of even the most basic economic variables,such as the total volume of output in a country,or the path of consumer spending,or inflation.经济学包含很多不精确性和含糊性。
研究生英语精读教程第三版Unit1,Unit3,Unit5,Unit6
Unit One你认为自己是什么样的人，那你就是什么样的人如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活卡勒普-撒弗兰[1] 你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗?你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗? 当研究者们自细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈辞滥调突然问都成了科学问题。
[2] 迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。
与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败，并与沮丧、孤独及令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。
位于休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。
”[3] “你的能力固然重要，”匹兹堡的卡内基一梅降大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说，“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功，”在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。
[4] 以你的工作为例。
宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利棉曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都市人寿保险公司的推销员进行了广泛调察。
他们发现，存工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考比消极思考者要多推销37％的保险额。
机新雇用的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20％。
[5] 公司受到了触动，便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化企业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。
这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出推销员的平均额10％。
[6] 他们是如何做的呢？据塞利格曼说，乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“解释方式”。
出了问题之后，悲观主义者倾向于自责。
他说：“我不善于做这种事，我总是失败。
”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞，他责怪天气、抱怨电话线路、或者甚至怪罪别人。
他认为，是那个客户当时情绪不好。
当一切顺利时，乐观主义者居功自傲而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。
研究生英语精读教程课文原文+翻译+短文unit5
The End Is Not at HandThe environmental rhetoric overblown.The planet will surviveRobert J. SamuelsonWhoever coined the phrase "save the planet" is a public relation genius. It conveys the sense of impending catastrophe and high purpose that has wrapped environmentalism in an aura of moral urgency.It also typifies environmentalism's rhetorical excesses, which, in any other context, would be seen as wild exaggeration or simple dishonesty.无论是谁杜撰了“拯救地球”这一说法，他都是一位公共关系方面的天才。
这一说法既表达了对即将来临的灭顶之灾的意识，也满怀着使环境保护论带有道义紧迫感这一大的目标。
同时这种说法也表明环境保护论言过其实，这种夸大在其他任何场合都会被视为是在危言耸听或愚蠢的欺骗。
Up to a point, our environmental awareness has checked a mindless enthusiasm for unrestrained economic growth.We have sensibly curbed some of growth's harmful side effects. But environmentalism increasingly resembles a holy crusade addicted to hypeand ignorant of history.Every environmental ill is depicted as an onrushing calamity that—if not stopped will end life as we know it.就某种程度而言，我们的环境意识遏制了对自由经济增长所表现出的盲目热情。
研究生英语精读Unit5课后答案+课文翻译
Unit5I. Comprehension Checki l.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.F 8.T 9.T 10.Tii l.B 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.Biii (略)Il. Vocabulary StudyIII. Cloze1.A2. D3.B4.B5. A6. D7. D8.C9.B l0.All.C l2.C l3.A 14. D 15B l6.D 17.C 18.A l9.B 20.AlV. Translation.1. It is generally accepted that the upbringing of the child within the home is closely related to the education of the child in school.2. Jennifer is the chief of personnel for the New York Herald Tribune, where she is also responsible for special editorial work in the field of public relations.3. It was two years ago that Jeff met Rose at his sister’s birthday party. They have been communicating with each other by e-mail since then; the more Jeff knows Rose, the more he likes her.4. This new measure is effective not only in providing job opportunities for the laid-off workers, but in limiting price increases.5. Similarly/Likewise, they insufficiently treated the political and economic background of the conspiracy.6. Tremendous capital input has met the needs of rapid economic growth on the one hand and has caused the inflation on the other.V. Writing Practice1. (5) Now they scan their list of events and decide which can be used and which must be discarded.(2) They begin by listing the events they plan to relate and arranging them in time order.(6) Before they go any further with their organization, they decide what will determine the plane 2 sentences.(1) They usually jot down all of the events related to their subject.(8) After they have determined the planes of their ideas, they then revise and add any connectors that arenecessary to the reader’s understanding of the narrative.(3) Next, they look over the chronological listing and form a purpose for their paragraph(9) With the steps completed, they have a unified paragraph with the details arranged in time sequence.(4) At this point, they write the topic sentence and state the purpose as the controlling idea.(7) At the same time, they decide what material is necessary to support these plane 2 sentences.2. Comments:A paragraph that has sentences that do not relate to or discuss the controlling idea lacks unity. The topic of this paragraph is “another problem facing a number of elderly people,” and the control-ling idea is “living on a reduced income”. Therefore, all of the sentences should deal with the idea of the problem of living on a reduced income. In the paragraph, though, there are three sentences that do not discuss this particular topic’ “Of course, sometimes they can’t g o out because of their health. Maybe they have arthritis or rheumatism and it is painful for them to move around. This can also change their life--style”. These sentences should be taken out of this paragraph and perhaps developed in another paragraph.Key to Supplementary ReadingsA 1. A 2.B 3. D 4. B 5. CB l.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.A.课文参考译文:抚养孩子1. 人们一般认为孩子最初几年的经历对其性格以及以后个性的培养影响很大。
研究生英语综合教程崔校平Unit5课文翻译全文剖析
可编辑修改精选全文完整版Text AWhat in the Air Causes Lung Cancer?空气中的什么东西导致了肺癌？Many have assumed that air pollution causes cancer, but proof was lacking. Until now.许多人都认为空气污染会导致癌症，但缺乏证据。
直到现在。
Last month (October 2013)the World Health Organization's cancer arm, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), declared that air pollution is a carcinogen. While physicians and others have long intuited a relationship between poor air quality and malignancy, few scientific organizations officially recognized the link. Proof was lacking.上个月（2013年10月），世界卫生组织的癌症部门--国际癌症研究机构（IARC）宣布，空气污染是一种致癌物。
虽然医生和其他人长期以来一直认为恶劣的空气质量与恶性肿瘤之间存在关系，但很少有科学组织正式承认这种联系。
证据是缺乏的。
The new designation rests on findings of a large analysis published in Lancet Oncology. The ESCAPE trial drew data from registries involving over 312,000 individuals in nine European countries followed for over 12 years, on average. The investigators used several models to evaluate possible associations between the sizes, types, and density of particles in air, or traffic patterns, and lung cancer cases. They checked for social and economic factors, like fruit consumed per person, age, sex, and education levels that might confound the data, and assessed smoking habits. A total of 2,095 lung cancer cases emerged within the study population. The researchers observed a clear, positive correlation between the amount of particulate matter in air sampled near a person's address and the odds of developing lung cancer. They also identified a weaker but statistically significant link between the volume of road traffic near an individual's home and the chances of a lung cancer diagnosis.这项新的指定基于发表在《柳叶刀肿瘤学》上的一项大型分析的结果。
新编研究生英语阅读-Unit5课文翻译及分析(西农适用)
Poverty, Development and Environment文章逻辑：一开始开篇点题提出观点：发展中国家地区的农村居民相当依赖自然资源来维持生计，并且随着人口在增加而资源在减少，人口和资源就产生了一种不可持续的矛盾。
而且随着人们对自然资源的开发，自然资源日益匮乏，其中就有红树林，珊瑚礁和热带雨林三个例子，然后最后再提出建议如何改善贫困地区的人们的生活，如何帮助其脱贫。
文章中关系：这里面的关系是：农业生产产值为GDP的增加贡献了最多的部分，而产业结构中农业独大，制造业工业不强，导致农业生产效率低，并且制造业不发达无法提供足够就业岗位让贫穷地区的人民去从事非农就业。
然后发展，其实就是对应的经济发展嘛，经济发展缓慢，所以农业利用效率不高，所以一方面人们很贫穷，而贫穷又没法去从事非农就业，只能从事农业，而由于农业生产过度依赖自然资源，所以又对自然资源造成极大的压力，效率又不高，农业产值在国民经济产值占比高。
然后就是这种循环，原因还是农业生产效率低，又缺少制造业产业链行业，经济发展缓慢，所以最后提出建议，要加大基础设施，卫生医疗和教育的投资，人力资本投资，解决人们对无法便捷获得贷款、交易成本贵，不能从事制造业的问题，提高制造业在国民经济中的占比，提高农业效率。
文章结构：第1段—第2段：introduction，说明了全文的背景：发展中国家地区的农村居民相当依赖自然资源维持生计，而人口增加和资源减少就产生了一种不可持续的矛盾；第3段—第7段：current situation，一开始说明发展中国家的主要生态系统包括红树林，珊瑚礁和热带雨林已经开始消亡，然后分别介绍红树林，珊瑚礁和热带雨林流域的现状及其原有的功能；第8段—第12段：suggestions，针对前面说明的现状，提出可行的两种建议，可以直接对贫困地区的人们进行补偿以避免开发，其次是针对贫困地区进行投资，聚焦长期结构性提升贫困地区的基础设施和人力资本情况；第一段：提出本文的主题：发展中国家的人口直接依赖自然资源，并且农业产值在GDP中占有相当大的比重，绝大部分劳动力也是从事农业资源型活动，但是随着人口越来越多和资源越来越少，这样产生了矛盾。
研究生学位英语课文全文翻译-unit5
Unit5 三明治人－－生存在夹缝中的一代人1九月上旬，安妮接到卡尔加伏特山医院打来的电话，要她将住院的母亲接回家去。
已经84岁高龄的老母亲易瑞尼从三月中风以来就一直住在医院，接受精心地护理。
2六个月后，易瑞尼可以自己吃饭，也能下床走动。
但记性依然不好。
看样子，在敬老院腾出床位前她是不可能回家独自生活的。
已经42岁的安妮是社会服务顾问，同丈夫同住卡尔加城，家里还有三个孩子，老大19岁，老二15岁，最小的11岁。
安妮回忆接母亲的事时说：“她非常虚弱，简直弱不禁风。
我跟医院一再解释，我们不能接她回家——我们没法接她回来。
”但福特山医院答应帮忙安排家庭护理，安妮便将母亲接回了家。
要求隐去全名的安妮说：“这真让我们惊慌失措。
从医学上讲，医院已无力回天，他们要我接回母亲也有道理。
但是，我也无法照料好自己的老母。
”3安妮就是生活在夹缝中的人员之一上要顾老，下要顾小，同时还得努力雕自己的饭碗。
据估计在女口拿大，年长的亲戚与小一辈的家庭咸员生活在一起的大家庭大约有12万家。
尽管统计数字显示这样的大家庭越来越少，但那些确实搬到了子女家并与子女同住的大家庭已经发生了巨大的变化，他们与原来的大家庭完全不一样了，一方面现在的长辈子女少些，因而分担家庭重担的人相应减少了；另一方面，现代家庭中的女孩也都出外工作。
实际上，渥太华凡妮家庭研究所行政与交流主任安兰·马瑞贝里指出现代家庭中的一对夫妻平均一周要工作65~80小时，而20世纪50年代则只有4㈠5小时。
他说：“现代人的劳动强度是过去的两倍，只有这样才能维持一定的生活水平，”而这一变化完全为人们所忽略，相反公众舆论要求有些医疗保健上的负担从政府部门转到各个家庭，这样也许各家庭的经济问题解决了，但是，“我们不能只凭假设就认为我们能得到足够的医护人员，因为现代家庭已发生了很大的变化。
’4同时，马瑞贝里也意识到要让那些特护病人顺利回家，确实“各有各的难处”。
加拿大人流动性大，有一半的家庭平均每五年会换一个地方——家庭成员也天南地北。
Unit 5研究生英语课文翻译
Unit 5 Text1Lincoln in History1．The annals of the past contain few accounts of truly good men. Historians are more used to analyzing a mixture of ingredients, good and bad intentions, success and failure, high endeavors threatened by flaws in execution, and to balance out the sums ending with a careful plus or minus.过去的那些历史，对伟人的描述不多。
历史学家习惯于综合的来分析一个人，动机的好与坏，成功或失败，他很努力了，但是在执行的过程中也会有些小错误，他通过略加酌减来综合平衡，最终得出结论。
2．Lincoln is rare in providing much for history to ponder and reflect on but little to dispute with except in the shortcomings in the execution of his policies. He is the rarer for his absolute success through four years of bitter politics and bloody warfare.He sought power, without pretending otherwise, and exercised it to the full. But he is singular, perhaps unique in history, in that he was never corrupted by power. His ambition was tied not to personal gain but to a pair of succeeding and complementary principles; to restore a nation dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created equal” and to ensure that a union so recovered was purged of the great contradiction which had lain at the heart of its constitution.林肯提供给历史来思考的地方不多，除了在他执政过程中的一些缺憾，没有让人争论的东西。
武汉大学研究生英语课文翻译Unit5
4. migration:
Para.12, the last sentence:
By contrast, women retain a…shared level of…and…and…as their roles and duties change.
他们的热情不久就消失了。
forestry projects
as…as anticipated：如(像)预期的那样…
参考译文
然而，当改进后的炉灶和造林工程没有获得 预期的成功时，扶持项目的基金便逐渐紧缩 了。
Para.5
1. revive. v. (使)苏醒, (使)复兴/复活, revival. n. E.g. economical revival 此段的第一句：Attention to … and its impact on …
2. play a key role in… 3. energy conservation 4. renewable energy technology
Para.11
1. Land tenure n. ① (law) (土地，资产) 拥有权，保有期 ② (大学或其他机构中教师等的)长期聘用，终身职位
norms: 标准；规范 standard normal，adj.
complicate: v. -ed, adj.
参考译文：有时候，文化和社会准则对妇女 寄予额外的期望、约束和局限，使其情况进 一步复杂化。
the last sentence, Para.1
In no regions of the world are … equal to …
很多人大概这样说过:人与人的紧密联系，可以带来 坚固的凝聚力。
alleviation n.缓和 ,减轻， alleviate v.