2015年6月英语六级段落翻译练习

2015年6月英语六级段落翻译练习：火车票实名制

长期以来，火车运力不足导致的车票严重短缺(尤其在春运期间)一直是个令人头疼的问题。这种状况因票贩子(scalper)囤积(stockpile)和和高价倒卖(resell at higher prices)火车票而加剧。为此，政府试行并最终在全国范围内实行了火车票实名制(name—basedtrainticket system)。该制度要求乘客在购买火车票和乘坐火车时，需要进行个人真实姓名和身份的登记和验证。该制度对于打击票贩子的违法行为起到了显著的作用，同时对控制铁路沿线上的各种犯罪行为、保障乘客的合法权益也有一定的作用。

Name-based Train Ticket System

It has long been a headache that inadequate railway service results in severe ticket shortages notably(especially during the Spring Festival). The situation was worsened as scalpers stockpiled tickets and resold them at higher prices for fat profit margins. For this reason, the name-based train ticket system was piloted and finally implemented nationwide.

The system requires passengers to have their real names and identities registered and checked when they buy the train tickets and board trains, which plays a significant role in cracking down on the illegal activities of scalpers. Meanwhile, it also has some effect on reining in various criminal acts and safeguarding passengers' lawful rights and interests.

中国神话故事

尽管中国古代神话(mythology)没有十分完整的情节，神话人物也没有系统的家谱(genealogy)，但它们却有着鲜明的东方文化特色，其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit of esteeming virtue)。这种尚德精神在与西方神话特别是希腊神话比较时，显得更加突出。在西方神话尤其是希腊神话中，对神的褒贬标准多以智慧、力量为准则，而中国古代神话对神的褒贬则多以道德为准绳。这种思维方式深植于中国的文化之中。几千年来，这种尚德精神影响着人们对历史人物的品评与现实人物的期望。

译文：

Although ancient Chinese mythology does not have relatively complete plot and mythological figures don't have systematic genealogy, they have distinct features of oriental culture, among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant.When compared with Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, this spirit of esteeming virtue is even more prominent.In Western mythology, especially Greek mythology,the criteria for judging whether a god is good or not are mostly the god's wisdom and strength,while in ancient Chinese mythology, the criterion lies in morality. This way of thinking is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.For thousands of years, this spirit of esteeming virtue has affected people's comments on historical figures and expectations of real people.

敬茶礼仪

当今社会，客来敬茶已经成为人们日常社交和家庭生活中普遍的往来礼仪。俗话说:酒满茶半。上茶时应以右手端茶，从客人的右方奉上，并时带微笑。当然，喝茶的客人也要以礼还礼，双手接过，点头致谢。品茶时，讲究小口品饮，其妙趣在于意会而不可言传。另外，可适当称赞主人茶好。总之，敬茶是国人礼仪中待客的一种日常礼节，也是社会交往的一项内容，不仅是对客人、朋友的尊重, 也能体现自己的修养(self-cultivation)。

翻译：

Nowadays, offering tea to guests has becomecommon etiquette in daily social interaction andfamily life. As the saying goes, white spirit, full cup;tea, half cup. Tea cup should be held on the righthand and offered to guests with a smile from theirright side. Of course,the

guests should pay respect as well, taking over the cup with bothhands and nodding to express his thanks. When tasting tea,you should drink it in small sips,the beauty and fun of which is beyond words. In addition, you could praise the tea of theowner appropriately. In short, offering tea is a daily ritual of Chinese people when receivingguests and it is also part of social interaction. It can not only show respect to guests andfriends, but also reflect your self-cultivation.

词汇详解：

1.敬茶:可以理解为“献茶”，故译为offer tea。

2.俗话说:可译为as the saying goes,固定译法。

3.酒满茶半:可译为white spirit，full cup;tea，halfcup。在中国的餐桌文化里，酒要倒满，而茶要倒半杯。

4.以礼还礼:可译为pay respect as well。

5.讲究小口品饮:即drink it in small sips。其中，sip作名词，意为“小口喝”;也可以作动词，例如Mike sipped hisdrink quickly.(迈克快速地喝了一小口饮料。) 词组take a sip表示“喝一小口，抿一口。”

6.日常礼节:可译为daily ritual。

7.对客人、朋友的尊重:可译为动词词组，即show respect to guests and friends。

景德镇瓷器

景德镇(Jingdezhen)位于江西省东北部，以瓷器而闻名，历来被誉为中国的“千年瓷都”。在景德镇出产的各类瓷器中，尤以青花瓷(blue and white porcelain)最为突出。清代是青花瓷的鼎盛时期，景德镇青花瓷以其烧造精致而独占鳌头。新中国成立后，在景德镇设立了人民瓷厂(People'sPorcelain Factory)专门生产青花瓷。景德镇青花瓷造型优美，色彩绚丽，装饰精美，是景德镇四大传统名瓷之一，素有“永不凋谢的青花”之称。青花瓷远销世界各地，受到世界人民的喜爱。

翻译：

Jingdezhen，located in the northeast of JiangxiProvince，is famous for porcelain and is honored as“home of porcelain for thousands of years”inChina. Among different types of porcelain producedin Jingdezhen，blue and white porcelain is the mostrenowned. Blue and white porcelain reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty.Blue and whiteporcelain from Jingdezhen ranked first for its fine production. After new China was founded,People's Porcelain Factory was set up in Jingdezhen to produce blue and white porcelainspecially. Blue and white porcelain from Jingdezhen is elegantly shaped，rich in color anddelicately decorated. It is one of the four famous traditional types of porcelain in Jingdezhen,and enjoys the reputation of “ever-green blue and white porcelain”.Blue and white porcelainhas been sold to countries all over the world and is liked by people around the world.

词汇详解：

1.位于:可译为be located in,也可用lie in或be situated in等来表达。

2.被誉为:可译为be honored as，也可译为be praisedas。

3.清代是青花瓷的鼎盛时期:本句可以理解为“青花瓷在清代达到顶峰”，其中“达到顶峰”可以用reach its peak表达。

4.专门生产:其中“专门”可译为specially。

5.色彩約丽:即“色彩丰富”，可译为rich in color，也可以用形容词colorful表达。

6.永不凋谢的:可以理解为“常青的”，即ever-green。

丁克家庭

中国有一句俗语叫做“不孝有三，无后为大”。但现在，很多时尚的年轻夫妇选择

不生育孩子的生活方式，组建了丁克家庭。很多夫妻担心无法给孩子提供优越的生活条件，选择成为丁克家庭。现在，孩子的教育费用比过去高很多。在大城市，送孩子上好一点的幼儿园要花费巨资，重点中小学的学费更高。还有一些夫妻成为丁克家庭是迫不得已。当他们做好准备生育孩子时，已经错过了最佳生育年龄。

译文：

A popular saying has it that “There are three forms of unfilial conduct, of which the worst is to have no descendants.”But now, it is quite fashionable for many young couples to choose a lifestyle without kids and organize the DINK family. Some couples who choose DINK family are fearful that they cannot provide favourable living conditions for children. Nowadays, the cost of educating a child is much higher than that of the past. In a big city, to send a child to a better kindergarten takes a large amount of money and the key primary or secondary schools are even more expensive. Some couples who have chosen DINK family are obliged to do so. When they make preparations for having a baby, it is a pity that they have missed the most fertile years.

翻译词汇：

不孝有三，无后为大。There are three forms of unfilial conduct, of which the worst is to have no descendants.

时尚的fashionable

生活方式lifestyle

丁克家庭DINK family

担心fearful

优越的favourable

重点中小学the key primary or secondary school

迫不得已be obliged to do sth.

做好准备make preparations for

赡养父母

在大家庭里，老一辈人的意见受到尊重，小一辈人得到全家的呵护。中国宪法规定赡养父母是成年子女义不容辞的责任。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人提供生活费并帮助他们干家务活儿。在农村，尽管大家庭解体了，许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还和父母住在同一个院子里。对他们来说，分家不过是分灶而已。结了婚的儿子往往把房子盖在父母家附近，这样父母和子女互相帮助、探望都和过去一样方便。

译文：

In extended families, the older members’opinions are respected, and the youngest members are loved and taken good care of by all. China’s Constitution stipulates that grown-up children are duty-bound to support their parents. In the cities, couples who do not live with their aged parents offer them living allowances and help them with the chores. In the countryside, though quite a number of extended families have dissolved, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents. To them, breaking up the extended family means only cooking their meals separately. Most often they have their houses built near their parents’home, making it convenient for parents and children to help and visit each other as before.

翻译词汇：

大家庭extended family

宪法Constitution

规定stipulate

义不容辞的责任duty-bound

生活费living allowance

家务活chore

解体dissolve

分家breaking up the extended family

分灶cook their meals separately

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

【原文】"很多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技术和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物，肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡。所以中餐美味又健康。

【参考译文】"Many people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is not only regarded as a skill but also an art. The well/carefully-prepared Chinese food is tasty and good-looking. The way of cooking and ingredients selectionvary greatly across China. However, good cooking has one thing in common, that is, to always concern colors, smell, tastes and nutrition. As food is vital for man’s health, good cooks are always making efforts to maintain balance between grains meats and vegetables. Thus, Chinese food is delicious and healthy。

Directions：Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。

中国园林(the Chinese garden)是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观(landscape)。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山(rockwork)、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景现犹如山水画卷(scroll)一般展现在面前。

参考答案

The Chinese garden has become a landscape of unique style after an evolution for more than 3000 years. It includes not only the large gardens built as entertainment venues for the royal family, but also the private gardens built as secluded retreats for scholars, merchants and retired government officials. These gardens have constituted a miniature designed to express the harmonious relationship between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls, and in the garden there are ponds, rockwork, trees, flowers and all kinds of buildings linked by winding trails and corridors. Wandering in the gardens, people may feel that a series of well-designed scenery spreads out before us like a landscape roll.

翻译一：

中国将努力确保到2015年就业者接受过平均13.3年的教育。如果这一目标得以实现，今后大部分进入劳动力市场的人都需获得大学文凭。

在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数：除了关注高等教育外，还将寻找新的突破以确保教育制度更加公平。中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源，这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多的支持。

教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并为外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。

China will endeavor to ensure every employee to have average 13.3 years of education. If the goal is achieved, a majority of people entering the labor market will be having Bachelor’s degree.

In the next few years, China will increase the number of people in vocational college. Except focusing on the higher education, the government will find a breakthrough point to ensure the justice of education. China is trying to optimize education resources and, accordingly, the countryside as well as the less developed areas will receive more support.

In addition, the education ministry decides to improve the nutrition of students in less developed areas and provides equal opportunities for the children of workers from out of town to receive education in the city.

翻译二：

反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。这在很大程度上归功于道家对自然的感情。传统中国画有两个最受青睐的主题，一是家庭生活的各种幸福场景，画中往往有老人在下棋饮茶，男人在耕耘收割，妇女在织布缝衣，小孩在户外玩耍。另一个则是乡村生活的种种乐趣，画有渔夫在湖上打渔，农夫在山上砍柴采药，或是书生坐在松树下吟诗作画。这两个主题可以分别代表儒家和道家的生活理想。

The ideal rural lifestyle reflected in the art and literature is a great characteristic in Chinese civilization. It is largely attributed to the Taoism affection to nature.

There are two most preferred topics in traditional Chinese paintings. One kind depicts various happy scenes of family life in which the elderly play chess and drink tea, young men farm and harvest in the field, women weave or sew clothes and kids play in the outside. The other depicts the recreations of rural life. In these paintings, fishermen fish on the lake, famers hew or collect herbs on the hills and scholars compose poems or paintings under pine trees. These two themes respectively represent the ideal life of Confucianism and Taoism.

翻译三：

自从1978年启动改革以来，中国已从计划经济转为以市场为基础的经济，经历了经济和社会的快速发展。平均10%的GDP增长已使五亿多人脱贫。联合国的“千年(millennium)发展目标”在中国均已达到或即将达到。目前，中国的第十二个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡的问题。政府已设定目标减少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和医保的机会，并扩大社会保障。中国现在7%的经济年增长目标表明政府是在重视生活质量而不是增长速度。

Since the reform in 1978, with the rapid development of economy and society, Chinese economy has transferred into market economy from command economy. The average 10% growth of GDP has lifted more than 500 million people out of poverty. The Millennium Goal of the U.N. has been fully or partially achieved throughout China. At present, the 12th Five-year Plan in China emphasizes the development of service industry and the solution of imbalance of environment and society. The government has set goals to reduce pollution, enhance energy efficiency, improve educational opportunities and medical insurance and expand social security. The 7% growth annual goal demonstrates that the government is concentrating on the quality of life rather than the speed of growth.