公路工程专业术语解释

道路工程名词解释

道路工程名词解释嘿，朋友们！今天咱就来聊聊道路工程那些事儿。

啥是路堤呀？你就想象一下，那是道路像个爱美的小姑娘，给自己穿上了一层高高的“土裙子”，这“土裙子”就是路堤啦！它把路面给垫高，让道路更稳当呢。

还有那路堑，就好像道路给自己挖了个小坑，让自己能更安稳地待在那里。

再说说基层，这可是道路的重要支撑呀！就好比是人的骨架，得结实才能撑起整个身体，基层也得坚固，才能让道路稳稳当当的。

面层呢，就像是人的皮肤，得光滑好看，还得能经得住各种摩擦。

要是面层不好，那道路走起来可就不舒坦啦！那啥是路基呢？嘿，这路基可是道路的根基呀！它就像是一栋大楼的地基，要是不牢固，那可就危险咯！它得承受住上面所有的重量，还得保证道路不会变形。

还有那交叉口，不就像是道路的聚会场所嘛！各种道路在这里交汇，车来车往，可热闹了。

说到这，咱再提提那护坡。

护坡就像是道路的小卫士，保护着道路的边坡，不让它们受到雨水啥的侵害。

再说说排水设施，这可太重要啦！要是没有好的排水，那道路不就成了小水塘啦？车还怎么开呀！就像人要是不能正常排水，那身体还不得出问题呀。

道路工程可不简单呢，每一个部分都有它的重要性。

想象一下，如果路堤没做好，那道路是不是可能会塌呀？如果面层不平整，开车是不是就会颠簸呀？所以呀，道路工程的每一个环节都得认真对待，可不能马虎哟！这就跟咱过日子一样，每一个细节都得照顾到，日子才能过得顺顺当当。

咱出门走在路上，可都得感谢那些辛苦的道路工程人员呀，是他们让我们的出行变得安全又顺畅。

你们说是不是这个理儿呀！总之呢，道路工程看似离我们很远，但其实又和我们息息相关。

它让我们的生活更加便利，让我们能想去哪儿就去哪儿。

所以呀，我们得好好珍惜这些道路，也得尊重那些为道路工程付出努力的人们。

公路工程专用词汇

道路工程英文翻译术语abrasiveness 磨耗度absolute datum 绝对基面abutment 桥台abutment pier制动墩acceleration lane加速车道accidental load 偶然荷载accommodation lane 专用车道acoustic barrier 隔音墙acting circles of blasting 爆破作用圈additional stake 加桩adjacent curve in one direction 同向曲线admixture 外加剂admixture 反坡安全线aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量aerophoto base 航摄基线aerophoto interpretation 航摄像片判读ageing 老化aggregate 集料（骨料）air hardining 气硬性alignment design （城市道路)平面设计,线形设计alignment element 线形要素alligator cracking 路面龟裂allowable rebound deflection 容许（回弹）弯沉alternative line 比较线anchored bulkhead abutment 锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment 锚锭板式挡土墙anchored retaining wall 锚杆式挡土墙anionic emulsified bitumen 阴离子乳化沥青annual **＊erage daily traffic 年平均日交通量anti—creep heap （厂矿道路）挡车堆anti—dizzling screen 防炫屏（遮光栅）antiskid heap (厂矿道路）防滑堆approach span 引桥aquitard 隔水层arch bridge 拱桥arch culvert 拱涵arch ring 拱圈arterial highway 干线公路arterial road （厂内）主干道，（城市)主干路asphalt distributor 沥青洒布车asphalt mixing plant 沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt remixer 沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer 复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt sand 沥青砂asphalt sprayer 沥青洒布机asphaltic bitumen 地沥青at—grade intersection 平面交叉auxiliary lane 附加车道＊*＊erage consistency (of soil）土的)平均稠度＊＊*erage gradient 平均纵坡aximuth angle 方位角balance weight retaining wall 衡重式挡土墙base course 基层base line 基线basic traffic capacity 基本通行能力beam bridge 梁桥beam level deflectometer 杠杆弯沉仪bearing 支座bearing angle 象限角bearing pile 支承桩bearing platform 承台bed course 垫层bench mark 水准点benched subgrade 台口式路基bending strength 抗弯强度Benkelman beam 杠杆弯沉仪（贝克曼弯沉仪）bent cap 盖梁berm 护坡道binder 结合料binder course 联结层bitumen 沥青bitumen (沥青混合料）抽提仪bitumen—aggregate ratio 油石比bituminous concrete p＊＊＊ement 沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete mixture 沥青混凝土路面bituminous concrete moxture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam p＊＊*ement 沥青碎石路面bituminous moxture 沥青混合料bituminous p*＊*ement 沥青路面bituminous penetration p*＊*ement 沥青贯入式路面biuminous surface treatment (沥青)表面处治blasting crater 爆破漏斗blastion for loosening rock 松动爆破blasting for throwing rock 抛掷爆破blasting procedure 土石方爆破bleeding 泛油blind ditch 盲沟blind drain 盲沟block pavement 块料路面block stone 块石blow up 拱胀boring 钻探boring log (道路）地质柱状图boring machine 钻孔机borrow earth 借土borrow pit 取土坑boundary frame on crossing 道口限界架boundary frame on road 道路限界架boundary line of road construction 道路建筑限界bowstring arch bridge 系杆拱桥box culvert 箱涵branch pipe of inlet 雨水口支管branch road （城市）支路,（厂内)支道bridge 桥梁bridge decking 桥面系bridge deck p*＊＊ement 桥面铺装bridge floor expantion and contraction installation traction installation 桥面伸缩装置bridge gerder erection equpment 架桥机bridge on slope 坡桥bridge site 桥位bridle road 驮道broken chainage 断链broken stone 碎石broken back curve 断背曲线buried abutment 埋置式桥台bus bay 公交(车辆）停靠站bypass 绕行公路cable bent tower 索塔cable saddle 索鞍cable stayed bridge 斜拉桥（斜张桥)Cableway erecting equipment 缆索吊装设备California bearing ratio (CBR）加州承载比(CBR）California bearing ratio tester 加州承载比（CBR)测定仪camber cruve 路拱曲线cantilever beam bridge 悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge 悬臂式挡土墙capacity of intersection 交叉口通行能力capacity of network 路网通行能力capillary water 毛细水carriage way 车行道（行车道）cast—in—place cantilever method 悬臂浇筑法cationic emulsified bitumen 阳离子乳化沥青cattle—pass 畜力车道cement concrete 水泥混凝土cemint concrete p**＊ement 水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete p＊*＊ement 水泥混凝土路面center—island 中心岛center lane 中间车道center line of raod 道路中线center line survey 中线测量center stake 中桩central reserve 分隔带channelization 渠化交通shannelization island 导流岛channelized intrersection 分道转弯式交叉口chip 石屑chute 急流槽circular curve 圆曲线circular curve 环路circular test 环道试验city road 城市道路civil engineering fabric 土工织物classified highway 等级公路classified highway 等级道路clay—bound macadam泥结碎石路面clearance 净空clearance above bridge floor 桥面净空clearce of span 桥下净空climatic zoning for highway 公路自然区划climbing lane 爬坡车道cloverleaf interchange 苜蓿叶形立体交叉coal tar 煤沥青cobble stone 卵石coefficient of scouring 冲刷系数cohesive soil 粘性土cold laid method 冷铺法cold mixing method 冷拌法cold—stretched steel bar 冷拉钢筋column pier柱式墩combination-type road system 混合式道路系统compaction 压实compaction test 击实试验compaction test apparatus 击实仪compactmess test 压实度试验composite beam bridge 联合梁桥composite pipe line 综合管道（综合管廊）compound curve 复曲线conc＊＊＊e vertical curve 凹形竖曲线concrete joint cleaner (水泥混凝土）路面清缝机concrete joint sealer （水泥混凝土)路面填缝机concrete mixing plant 水泥混凝土（混合料）拌和设备concrete p*＊＊er 水泥混凝土(混合料）摊铺机concrete pump 水泥混凝土(混合料）泵concrete saw （水泥混凝土）路面锯缝机附录英汉术语对照索引cone penetrantion test 触探试验onflict point 冲突点conical slope 锥坡consistency limit (of soil）(土的）稠度界限consolidated subsoil 加固地基consolidation 固结construction by swing 转体架桥法construction height of bridge 桥梁建筑高度construction joint 施工缝construction load 施工荷载construction survey 施工测量continuous beam bridge 连续梁桥contourline 等高线contraction joint 缩缝control point 路线控制点converging 合流convex vertining wall 凸形竖曲线corduroy road 木排道counterfout retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙counterfort abutmen 扶壁式桥台country road 乡村道路county road 县公路（县道），乡道creep 徐变critical speed 临界速度cross roads 十字形交叉cross slope 横坡cross walk 人行横道cross-sectional profile 横断面图cross—sectional survey 横断面测量crown 路拱crushed stone 碎石crushing strength 压碎值culture 地物culvert 涵洞curb 路缘石curb side strip 路侧带curve length 曲线长curve widening 平曲线加宽curved bridge 弯桥cut 挖方cut corner for sight line (路口)截角cut—fill transition 土方调配cut—fill transition 土方调配图cutting 路堑cycle path 自行车道cycle track 自行车道deceleration lane 减速车道deck bridge 上承式桥deflection angle 偏角deflection test 弯沉试验degree of compaction 压实度delay 延误density of road network 道路(网）密度edpth of tunnel 隧道埋深edsign elevation of subgrade 路基设计高程design frequency （排水）设计重现期edsign hourly volume 设计小时交通量design of evevation （城市道路）竖向设计design of vertical alignment 纵断面设计design speed 计算行车速度（设计车速）design traffic capacity 设计通行能力design vehicle 设计车辆design water level 设计水位desiged dldvation 设计高程designed flood frequency 设计洪水频率deslicking treatment 防滑处理Deval abrasion testion machine 狄法尔磨耗试验机（双筒式磨耗试验机）diamond interchange 菱形立体交叉differential photo 微分法测图direction angle 方向角directional interchange 定向式立体交叉diverging 分流dowel bar 传力杆drain opening 泄水口drainage by pumping station （立体交叉）泵站排水drainage ditch 排水沟dressed stone 料石drop water 跌水dry concrtet 干硬性混凝土ductility （of bitumen）(沥青)延度ductilometer （沥青）延度仪dummy joint 假缝dynamic consolidation 强夯法economic speed 经济车速econnomical hauling distance 土方调配经济运距element support 构件支撑elevation 高程（标高)embankment 路堤emergency parking strip 紧急停车带emulsified bitumen 乳化沥青erecting by floating 浮运架桥法erection by longitudinal pulling method 纵向拖拉法erection by protrusion 悬臂拼装法erection with cableway 缆索吊装法evaporation pond 蒸发池expansion bearing 活动支座expansive soil 膨胀土expantion joint 胀缝expressway （城市）快速路external destance 外（矢）距fabricated bridge 装配式桥fabricated steel bridge 装拆式钢桥factories and mines road 厂矿道路factory external transportation line 对外道路factory-in road 厂内道路factory—out road 厂外道路fast lane 内侧车道faulting of slab ends 错台feeder highway 支线公路ferry 渡口fibrous concrete 纤维混凝土field of viaion 视野fill 填方filled spandrel arch bridge 实腹拱桥final survey 竣工测量fineness 细度fineness modulus 细度模数fixed bearing 固定支座flare wing wall abutment 八字形桥台flared intersection 拓宽路口式交叉口flash 闪点flash point tester （open cup method）闪点仪(开口杯式）flexible p＊**ement 柔性路面flexible pier 柔性墩floor system 桥面系flush curb 平缘石foot way 人行道ford 过水路面forest highway 林区公路forest road 林区道路foundation 基础free style road system 自由式道路系统free way 高速公路free-flow speed 自由车速freeze road 冻板道路freezing and thawing test 冻融试验frost boiling 翻浆frozen soil 冻土full depth asphalt p＊＊*ement 全厚式沥青(混凝土)路面function planting 功能栽植general scour under bridge opening 桥下一般冲刷geological section （道路)地质剖面图geotextile 土工织物gradation 级配gradation of stone （路用)石料等级grade change point 变坡点grade compensation 纵坡折减grade crossing 平面交叉grade length limitation 坡长限制grade of side slope 边坡坡度grade separation 简单立体交叉grade—separated junction 立体交叉graded aggregate p＊*＊ement 级配路面brader 平地机grain composition 颗粒组成granular material 粒料gr＊＊＊el 砾石gr＊＊＊ity pier (abutment) 重力式墩、台gr＊**ity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙green belt 绿化带gridiron road system 棋盘式道路系统ground control—point survey 地面控制点测量ground elevation 地面高程ground stereophotogrammetry 地面立体摄影测量guard post 标柱guard rail 护栏guard wall 护墙gully 雨水口gutter 街沟(偏沟)gutter apron 平石gutter drainage 渠道排水half—through bridge 中承式桥hard shoulder 硬路肩hardening 硬化hardness 硬度haul road 运材道路he*＊*y maintenance 大修hectometer stake 百米桩hedge 绿篱height of cut and fill at ceneter stake 中桩填挖高度high strength bolt 高强螺栓high type p＊**ement 高级路面highway 公路highway landscape design 公路景观设计hill-side line 山坡线(山腰线)hilly terrain 重丘区horizontal alignment 平面线形horizontal curve 平曲线hot laid method 热铺法hot mixing method 热拌法hot stability (of bitumen）（沥青)热稳性hydraulic computation 水力计算hydraulic computation 水硬性imaginary intersection point 虚交点immersed tunnelling method 沉埋法inbound traffic 入境交通incremental launching method 顶推法industrial district road 工业区道路industrial solid waste （路用）工业废渣industrial waste base course 工业废渣基层inlet 雨水口inlet submerged culvert 半压力式涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert 无压力式涵洞inorganic binder 无机结合料instrument station 测站intensity of rainstorm 暴雨强度intercepting detch 截水沟interchange 互通式立体交叉interchange woth special bicycle track 分隔式立体交叉intermediate maintenance 中修intermediate type p***ement 中级路面intersection （平面）交叉口intersection angle 交叉角，转角intersection entrance 交叉口进口intersection exit 交叉口出口intersection plan 交叉口平面图intersection point 交点intersection with widened corners 加宽转角式交叉口jack-in method 顶入法kilometer stone 里程碑land slide 坍方lane 车道lane—width 车道宽度lateral clear distance of curve （平曲线）横净距lay-by 紧急停车带level of service 道路服务水平leveling course 整平层leveling survey 水准测量light-weight concrete 轻质混凝土lighting facilities of road 道路照明设施lime pile 石灰桩line development 展线linking-up road 联络线,连接道路liquid asphaltic bitumen 液体沥青liquid limit 液限living fence 绿篱load 荷载loading berm 反压护道lading combinations 荷载组合loading plate 承载板lading platetest 承载板试验local scour near pier 桥墩局部冲刷local traffic 境内交通location of line 定线location survey 定测lock bolt support woth shotcrete 喷锚支护loess 黄土longitudinal beam 纵梁longitudinal gradient 纵坡longitudinal joint 纵缝loop ramp 环形匝道Los Angeles abrasion testion machine 洛杉矶磨耗试验机machine （搁板式磨耗试验机)low rype p＊＊*ement 低级路面main beam 主梁main bridge 主桥maintenance 养护maintenance period 大中修周期manhole 检查井marginal strip 路缘带marshall stability apparatus 马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability test 马歇尔试验masonry bridge 圬工桥maximum annual hourly volume 年最大小时交通量maximum dry unit weight (标准）最大干密度maximum longitudinal gradient 最大纵坡mine tunnelling method 矿山法mineral aggregate 矿料mineral powder 矿粉mini—roundabout 微形环交minimum height of fill （路基)最小填土高度minimum longitudinal gradient 最小纵坡minimum radius of horizontal curve 最小平曲线半径minimum turning radius 汽车最小转弯半径mixed traffic 混合交通mixing method 拌和法mixture 混合料model split 交通方式划分modulus of elasticity 弹性模量modulus of resilience 回弹模量modulus ratio 模量比monthly ＊**erage daily traffic 月平均日交通量motor way 高速公路mountainous terrain 山岭区movable bridge 开启桥mud 淤泥multiple—leg intersection 多岔交叉mational trunk highway 国家干线公路(国道) matural asphalt 天然沥青natural scour 自然演变冲刷natural subsoil 天然地基n*＊*igable water level 通航水位nearside lane 外侧车道net—shaped cracking 路面网裂New Austrian Tunnelling Method 新奥法observation point 测点one-way ramp 单向匝道open cut method 明挖法open cut tunnel 明洞open spandrel arch bridge 空腹拱桥opencast mine road 露天矿山道路operating speed 运行速度iptimum gradation 最佳级配iptimum moisture conter 最佳含水量optimum speed 临界速度organic binder 有机结合料origin—destination study 起迄点调查outbound traffic 出境交通outlet submerged culvert 压力式涵洞outlet inlet main road 城市出入干道overall speed 区间速度overlay of p＊＊*ement 罩面overpass grade separation 上跨铁路立体交叉overtaking lane 超车车道overtaking sight distance 超车视距paper location 纸上定线paraffin content test 含蜡量试验parent soil 原状土parking lane 停车车道parking lot 停车场parking station 公交（车辆)停靠站part out-part fill subgrade 半填半挖式路基pass 垭口passing bay 错车道patrol maintenance 巡回养护p**＊ed crosing 道口铺面p*＊＊ement 路面p＊＊*ement pression 路面沉陷p＊＊＊ement recapping 路面翻修p＊＊＊ement slab pumping 路面板唧泥p*＊＊ement spalling 路面碎裂p＊＊＊emengthening 路面补强p＊＊＊ement structure layer 路面结构层附录英汉术语对照索引p*＊＊emill 路面铣削机（刨路机)peak hourly volume 高峰小时交通量pedestrian overcrossing 人行天桥pedestrian underpass 人行地道penetration macadam with coated chips 上拌下贯式（沥青）chips 路面penetration method 贯入法penetration test apparatus 长杆贯入仪penetration （of bitumen) (沥青)针入度penetrometer （沥青）针入度仪periodical maintenance 定期养护permaf rost 多年冻土permanent load 永久荷载perviousness test 透水度试验petroleum asphaltic bitumen 石油沥青photo index 像片索引图（镶辑复照图）photo mosaic 像片镶嵌图photogrammetry 摄影测量photographic map 影像地图pier 桥墩pile and pland retaining wall 柱板式挡土墙pile bent pier 排架桩墩pile driver 打桩机pipe culvert 管涵pipe drainage 管道排水pit test 坑探pitching method 铺砌法plain stage of slope 边坡平台plain terrain 平原区plan view （路线）平面图plane design （城市道路）平面设计plane sketch (道路）平面示意图planimetric photo 综合法测图plant mixing method 厂拌法plasticity index 塑限plasticity index 塑性指数poisson's ratio 泊松比polished stone value 石料磨光值pontoon bridge 浮桥porosity 空隙率porotable pendulum tester 摆式仪possible traffic capacity 可能通行能力post-tensioning method 后张法pot holes 路面坑槽preliminary survey 初测preloading method 预压法prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土prestressed concrete bridge 预应力混凝土桥prestresed steel bar drawing jack 张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶pretensioning method 先张法prime coat 透层productive arterial road 生产干线productive branch road 生产支线profile design 纵断面设计profilometer 路面平整度测定仪proportioning of cement concrete 水泥混凝土配合比protection forest fire—proof road 护林防火道路provincial trunk highway 省干线公路（省道) railroad grade crossing （铁路)道口ramp 匝道rebound deflection 回弹弯沉reclaimed asphalt mixture 再生沥青混合料reclaimed bituminous p*＊＊ement 再生沥青路面reconnaissance 踏勘red clay 红粘土reference stake 护桩referencion crack 反射裂缝refuge island 安全岛regulating structure 调治构造物reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete bridge 钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete p＊＊＊ement 钢筋混凝土路面reinforced earth retaining wall 加筋土挡土墙relative moisture content （of soil) (土的）相对含水量relief road 辅道residential street 居住区道路resultant gradient 合成坡度retaining wall 挡土墙revelling of p*＊*ement 路面松散reverse curve 反向曲线reverse loop 回头曲线ridge crossing line 越岭线ridge line 山脊线right bridge 正交桥right bridge 正桥rigid frame bridge 刚构桥rigid p＊**ement 刚性路面rigid—type base 刚性基层ring and radial road system 环形辐射式道路系统ripper 松土机riprap 抛石road 道路road alignment 道路线形road appearance 路容road eara per sitizen （城市）人均道路面积road area ratio （城市）道路面积率road axis 道路轴线road bed 路床road bitumen 路用沥青road condition 路况road condition survey 路况调查road crossing (平面）交叉口road crossing design 交叉口设计road engineering 道路工程road feasibility study (道路工程）可行性研究road improvement 改善工程road intersection 道路交叉(路线交叉）road mixing method 路拌法road netword 道路网road network planning 道路网规划road planting 道路绿化road project (道路工程)方案图road trough 路槽road way 路幅rock breaker 凿岩机rock filled gabion 石笼roller 压路机rolled cementoncerete 碾压式水泥混凝土rolling terrain 微丘区rotary interchage 环形立体交叉rotary intersection 环形交叉roundabout 环形交叉route development 展线rout of road 道路路线route selection 选线routine maintenance 小修保养rubble 片石running speed 行驶速度rural road 郊区道路saddle back 垭口safety belt 安全带safety fence 防护栅salty soil 盐渍土sand 砂sanddrain (sand pile) 砂井sand gr*＊*el 砂砾sand hazard 沙害sand mat of subgrade 排水砂垫层sand patch test 铺砂试验sand pile 砂桩sand protection facilities 防沙设施sand ratio 砂率sand sweeping 回砂sand sweeping equipment 回砂机sandy soil 砂性土saturated soil 饱和土scraper 铲运机seal coat 封层secondary trunk road (厂内）次干道，(城市)次干路seepage well 渗水井segregation 离析semi-rigid type base 半刚性基层separate facilties 分隔设施separator 分隔带sheep-foot roll 羊足压路机(羊足碾）shelter belt 护路林shield 盾构（盾构挖掘机）shield tunnelling method 盾构法shoulder 路肩shrinkage limit 缩限side ditch 边沟side slope 边坡side walk 人行道sieve analysis 筛分sight distance 视距sight distance of intersection 路口视距sight line 视线sight triangle 视距三角形silty soil 粉性土simple supported beam bridge 简支梁桥singl direction thrusted pier 单向推力墩single—sizeaggregat 同粒径集料siphon culvert 倒虹涵skew bridge 斜交桥skew bridge 斜桥skid road 集材道路slab bridge 板桥slab culvert 盖板涵slab staggerting 错位slide 滑坡slope protection 护坡slump 坍落度snow hazard 雪害snow plough 除雪机snow protection facilities 防雪设施soft ground 软弱地基soft soil 软土softening point tester (ring ball) （沥青）软化点议仪method （环—球法）softening point （of bitumen）沥青)软化点solubility (of bitumen) (沥青)溶解度space headway 车头间距space mean speed 空间平均速度span 跨径span by span method 移动支架逐跨施工法spandrel arch 腹拱spandrel structure 拱上结构special vehicle 特种车辆speed-change lane 变速车道splitting test 劈裂试验spot speed 点速度spreading in layers 层铺法springing 弹簧现象stabilizer 稳定土拌和机stabilized soil base course 稳定土基层stage for heating soil and broken rock 碎落台stagered junction 错位交叉stand axial loading 标准轴截steel bridge 钢筋冷墩机steel bridge 钢桥steel exention machie 钢筋拉伸机stiffness modulus 劲度stone coating test 石料裹覆试验stone crusher 碎石机stone spreader 碎石撒布机stopping sight distance 停车视距stopping truck heap (厂矿道路)阻车堤street 街道street draianage 街道排水street planting 街道绿化street trees 行道树strengthening layer 补强层strengthening of structure 加固stringer 纵梁striping test for aggregate 集料剥落试验structural approach limit of tunnel 隧道建筑限界sub-high type p＊*＊ement 次高级路面subgrade 路基subgrade drainage 路基排水。

公路专业知识点总结

公路专业知识点总结一、公路工程概述公路是一种交通运输工具，其建设与维护是为了方便人们的出行和货物的运输。

公路工程是以道路交通为主体，以建设公路为主要内容的工程。

公路工程是交通运输工程的一个重要组成部分，其主要任务是为交通运输服务，满足人民群众对安全、快捷、舒适的出行及货物运输的需要。

二、公路工程的分类1.按用途分：一般公路、高速公路、城市道路、特殊公路等。

2.按结构分：路基、路面、路面防护层、路基防护层、边坡、排水设施、交安设施等。

3.按技术分：筑路工程、路基工程、路面工程、路基土石方工程、桥梁工程、隧道工程、路基工程、路面工程等。

4.按地形分：平原公路、丘陵公路、山地公路、高原公路等。

三、公路工程的基本要求1.安全性：公路工程建设必须具备安全性，保证道路施工和使用过程中人员和车辆的安全。

2.畅通性：公路工程建设应当保证交通路线的畅通，在交通拥堵的情况下，应当设置交通管理措施，确保交通的畅通。

3.舒适性：公路工程建设应当使行车和行人的过程感到舒适，无颠簸、无噪音、无灰尘等。

4.经济性：公路工程建设应当具备经济性，并保证其使用寿命和安全。

四、公路工程的施工技术1.筑路工程：包括路基的挖土填方、压实、均质，以及边坡、沟渠等的治理。

2.路面工程：包括路面材料的铺装、压实、铺设防护层以及交通标线的施划等。

3.桥梁工程：包括桥梁的基础打桩、桥面铺装、桥墩与墩台的建设等。

4.隧道工程：包括隧道的开挖、支护、道路铺装、通风、灯光等设施的设置等。

5.排水设施：包括排水沟、雨水井、下水管等的设施设置。

6.交通标志：包括交通标志、交通信号灯、路灯、护栏等的设置。

五、公路工程的设计规范1.《公路工程技术标准》（JTJ）：是公路工程设计和施工的规范性文件。

2.《公路工程勘察规范》：规定了公路工程勘察的相关规范。

3.《公路工程施工规范》：规定了公路工程施工的相关规范。

4.《公路工程设施设计规范》：规定了公路工程设施设计的相关规范。

公路专业名词术语

第二节公路第 2.2. 1条高速公路 frccway;motorway具有四个或四个以上车道，设有中央分隔带，全部立体交叉并全部控制出入供汽车高速行驶的公路。

第 2.2.2 条等级公路 classifiedhighway技术条件和设施符合国家标准或部标准的公路。

第 2.2.3 条干线公路 arterialhighway在公路网中起骨架作用的公路。

第2.2.4条支线公路 feederhighway在公路网中起连接作用的公路。

第2.2.5条国家干线公路（国道） nationaltrunkhi ghway在国家公路网中，具有全国性的政治、经济、国防意义，并经确定为国家干线的公路。

第2.2.6条省干线公路（省道）provincialtrunkhighway在省公路网中，具有全省性的政治、经济、国防意义，并经确定为省级干线的公路。

第2.2.7条县公路（县道）countyroad具有全县性的政治、经济意义，并经确定为县级的公路。

第 2.2.8 条乡公路（乡道）townshiproad（county road）主要为乡村生产、生活服务并经确定为乡级的公路。

第2.2. 9条绕行公路bypass为使干线上行驶的车辆避开城镇或交通拥挤路段等而修建的公路。

第2.2.1 0条公路自然区划 climaticzoningforh ighway根据全国各地气候、水文、地质、地形等条件对公路工程的影响而划分的地理区域。

第三节城市道路第2.3. 1条（城市）快速路 expressway城市道路中设有中央分隔带，具有四条以上的车道，全部或部分采用立体交叉与控制出入，供车辆以较高的速度行驶的道路。

第2.3.2条（城市）主干路 arterialroad 在城市道路网中起骨架作用的道路。

第2.3.3条（城市）次干路 secondarytrunkroad城市道路网中的区域性干路，与主干路相连接，构成完整的城市干路系统第2.3.4条（城市）支路 branchroad 城市道路网中干路以外联系次干路或供区域内部使用的道路。

JTJ002-87公路工程名词术语

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车辆从出发地向目的地的移动。第 3．2．7 条境内交通起讫点与交通过程均在调查区域内的交通。第 3．2．8 条过境交通起讫点不在调查区域内，但通过该区域的交通。第 3．2．9 条交通发生调查区域内各小区中出行量的总和。第 3．2．10 条交通分布调查区域内各小区之间出行的数量在整个调查区域内出行总数量中所占比例。第 3．2．11 条交通分配将起讫点调查所得的交通量，合理分配到调查区域内各条公路（包括规划线）上的作业。第 3．2．12 条交通预测根据交通调查资料和发展规律，推算地区或路线、路段等未来交通量的工作。第四章公路路线及沿线设施第一节横断面组成第 4．1．1 条行车道公路上供各种车辆行驶部分的总称，包括快车行车道和慢车行车道。第 4．1．2 条分离式行车道局部路段采用的各自具有独立路基的供往返车辆分道行驶的行车道。第 4．1．3 条车道在路面上供单一纵列车辆行驶的部分。第 4．1．4 条变速车道高等级公路上的加速车道和减速车道的总称。第 4．1．5 条加速车道供车辆驶入高速车流之前加速专用的车道。第 4．1．6 条减速车道供车辆驶离高速车流之后减速专用的车道。第 4．1．7 条爬坡车道设置在上坡路段，供慢速上坡车辆行驶专用的车道。第 4．1．8 条停车带为使汽车停车而不防碍交通安全，在高等级公路行车道的右侧设置的供临时停车用的地带。第 4．1．9 条错车道在单车道的公路可通视的一定距离内，供车辆交错避让用的一段加宽车道。第 4．1．10 条自行车道专供自行车行驶的车道。第 4．1．11 条（路侧）人行道用路缘石或护栏及其它类似设施加以分隔的专门供人行走的部分。第 4．1．12 条分隔带沿公路纵向设置的分隔行车道用的带状设施。第 4．1．13 条中央分隔带沿路中线设置的分隔带。第 4．1．14 条中间带由中央分隔带及其两侧的路缘带组成的地带（见图 4．1．14）。

公路工程专用词汇

道路工程英文翻译术语abrasive ness 磨耗度absolute datum 绝对基面abutment 桥台abutme nt pier 制动墩accelerati on lane 力口速车道accide ntal load 偶然荷载accommodation lane 专用车道acoustic barrier 隔音墙act ing circles of blast ing 爆破作用圈additi onal stake 力口桩adjace nt curve in one directi on 同向曲线admixture 外加剂admixture 反坡安全线aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量aerophoto base 航摄基线aerophoto in terpretati on 航摄像片判读ageing老化aggregate 集料（骨料）air hardining 气硬性alignment design （城市道路）平面设计，线形设计alig nment eleme nt 线形要素alligator crack ing 路面龟裂allowable rebo und deflecti on 容许（回弹）弯沉alter native line 比较线an chored bulkhead abutme nt 锚锭板式桥台an chored bulkhead abutme nt 锚锭板式挡土墙an chored retai ning wall 宇锚杆式挡土墙an io nic emulsified bitume n 阴离子乳化沥冃annual ***erage daily traffic 年平均日交通量anti-creep heap （厂矿道路）挡车堆anti-dizzling screen 防炫屏（遮光栅）antiskid heap （厂矿道路）防滑堆approach spa n 弓I桥aquitard 隔水层arch bridge 拱桥arch culvert 拱涵arch ring 拱圈arterial highway 干线公路arterial road （厂内）主干道，（城市）主干路asphalt distributor 沥青洒布车asphalt mixi ng pla nt 沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt remixer 沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer 复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt sand 沥青砂asphalt sprayer 沥青洒布机asphaltic bitume n 地沥青at-grade in tersecti on 平面交叉auxiliary lane 附加车道***erage con siste ncy (of soil) 土的)平均稠度***erage gradie nt 平均纵坡aximuth an gle 方位角bala nee weight retai ning wall 衡重式挡土墙base course 基层base line 基线basic traffic capacity 基本通行能力beam bridge 梁桥beam level deflectometer 杠杆弯沉仪bearing 支座bear ing an gle 象限角bear ing pile 支承桩bear ing platform 承台bed course 垫层bench mark水准点benched subgrade 台口式路基bending stren gth 抗弯强度Benkelman beam杠杆弯沉仪（贝克曼弯沉仪）bent cap 盖梁berm护坡道binder结合料bin der course 联结层bitumen 沥青bitumen （沥青混合料）抽提仪bitume n-aggregate ratio 油石比bitu minous con crete p***eme nt 沥青混凝土混合料bitu minous con crete mixture 沥青混凝土路面bitu minous con crete moxture 沥青碎石混合料bitu minous macadam p***eme nt 沥青碎石路面bitu minous moxture 沥青混合料bitu minous p***eme nt 沥青路面bitu minous pen etrati on p***eme nt 沥青贯入式路面biu minous surface treatme nt ( 沥青）表面处治blast ing crater 爆破漏斗blastion for loosening rock 松动爆破blasti ng for throwi ng rock 抛掷爆破blasti ng procedure 土石方爆破bleedi ng 泛油bli nd ditch 盲沟bli nd drain 盲沟block pavement 块料路面block stone 块石blow up拱胀bori ng 钻探bori ng log （道路）地质柱状图bori ng machi ne 钻孑L机borrow earth 借土borrow pit 取土坑boun dary frame on cross ing 道口限界架boun dary frame on road 道路限界架boun dary line of road con structi on 道路建筑限界bowstri ng arch bridge 系杆拱桥box culvert 箱涵branch pipe of inlet 雨水口支管branch road （城市）支路，（厂内）支道bridge桥梁bridge deck ing 桥面系bridge deck p***eme nt 桥面铺装bridge floor expantion and contraction installation tracti on in stallation 桥面伸缩装置bridge gerder erecti on equpme nt 架桥机bridge on slope 坡桥bridge site 桥位bridle road 驮道broke n cha in age 断链broke n stone 碎石broke n back curve 断背曲线buried abutme nt 埋置式桥台bus bay公交（车辆）停靠站bypass绕行公路cable bent tower 索塔cable saddle 索鞍cable stayed bridge 斜拉桥（斜张桥）Cableway erect ing equipme nt capillary water 毛细水carriage way 车行道（行车道）cast- in-place can tilever method 悬臂浇筑法catio nic emulsified bitume n 卩日离子孚 L 化沥青 cattle-pass 畜力车道 ceme nt con crete 水泥混凝土 cem int con crete p***eme nt 水泥混凝土混合料缆索吊装设备California bearing ratio（CBR ） California bearing ratio testercamber cruve 路拱曲线加州承载比(CBR)加州承载比(CBR)测定仪can tilever beam bridgecan tilever beam bridgecapacity of i ntersection capacity of n etwork 悬臂梁桥悬臂式挡土墙交叉口通行能力路网通行能力ceme nt con crete p***eme nt 水泥混凝土路面cen ter-isla nd 中心岛cen ter lane 中间车道cen ter line of raod 道路中线cen ter line survey 中线测量center stake 中桩cen tral reserve 分隔带cha nn elizati on 渠化交通sha nn elizati on isla nd 导流岛cha nn elized in trersectio n 分道转弯式交叉口chip石屑chute急流槽circular curve 圆曲线circular curve 环路circular test 环道试验city road 城市道路civil engin eeri ng fabric 土工织物classified highway 等级公路classified highway 等级道路clay-bound macadam泥结碎石路面cleara nee 净空cleara nee above bridge floor 桥面净空clearce of spa n 桥下净空climatic zoning for highway 公路自然区戈U climbi ng lane 爬坡车道cloverleaf in tercha nge 苜蓿叶形立体交叉coal tar 煤沥青cobble stone 卵石coefficie nt of scouri ng 冲刷系数cohesive soil 粘性土cold laid method 冷铺法cold mixi ng method 冷拌法cold-stretched steel bar 冷拉钢筋column pier 柱式墩comb in ati on-type road system 混合式道路系统compaction 压实compacti on test 击实试验compacti on test apparatus 击实仪compactmess test 压实度试验composite beam bridge 联合梁桥composite pipe line 综合管道（综合管廊）compound curve 复曲线con c***e vertical curve 凹形竖曲线con crete joint clea ner ( 水泥混凝土）路面清缝机concrete joint sealer （水泥混凝土）路面填缝机concrete mixing plant 水泥混凝土（混合料）拌和设备concrete p***er 水泥混凝土（混合料）摊铺机concrete pump 水泥混凝土（混合料）泵concrete saw （水泥混凝土）路面锯缝机附录英汉术语对照索引cone pen etra ntio n test 触探试验on flict point 冲突点coni cal slope 锥坡con siste ncy limit （of soil）（土的）稠度界限con solidated subsoil 力口固地基con solidati on 固结con structi on by swing 转体架桥法con structi on height of bridge 桥梁建筑高度con structi on joint 施工缝con structi on load 施工荷载con structi on survey 施工测量continu ous beam bridge 连续梁桥con tourli ne 等高线con tracti on joint 缩缝con trol poi nt 路线控制点converging 合流convex vert ining wall 凸形竖曲线corduroy road 木排道coun terfout retai ning wall 扶壁式挡土墙coun terfort abutme n 扶壁式桥台country road 乡村道路county road 县公路（县道），乡道creep徐变critical speed 临界速度cross roads 十字形交叉cross slope 横坡cross walk 人行横道cross-secti onal profile 横断面图cross-secti onal survey 横断面测量crow n路拱crushed stone 碎石crush ing stre ngth 压碎值culture 地物culvert 涵洞curb路缘石curb side strip 路侧带curve len gth 曲线长curve wide ning 平曲线加宽curved bridge 弯桥cut挖方cut corner for sight line （路口）截角cut-fill tran siti on 土方调配cut-fill tran siti on 土方调配图cutt ing 路堑cycle path 自行车道cycle track 自行车道deceleratio n lane 减速车道deck bridge 上承式桥deflecti on an gle 偏角deflection test 弯沉试验degree of compacti on 压实度delay 延误den sity of road network 道路（网）密度edpth of tunnel 隧道埋深edsig n elevati on of subgrade 路基设计高程design frequency （排水）设计重现期edsig n hourly volume 设计小时交通量design of evevation （城市道路）竖向设计desig n of vertical alig nment 纵断面设计design speed 计算行车速度（设计车速）desig n traffic capacity 设计通行能力desig n vehicle 设计车辆desig n water level 设计水位desiged dldvati on 设计高程desig ned flood freque ncy 设计洪水频率deslick ing treatme nt 防滑处理Deval abrasion testion machi ne 狄法尔磨耗试验机（双筒式磨耗试验机）diam ond in tercha nge 菱形立体交叉differe ntial photo 微分法测图directi on an gle 方向角directi onal in tercha nge 定向式立体交叉diverg ing 分流dowel bar 传力杆drain ope ning 泄水口drain age by pump ing stati on （立体交叉）泵站排水drain age ditch 排水沟dressed stone 料石drop water 跌水dry con crtet 干硬性混凝土ductility （of bitume n）（沥青）延度ductilometer （沥青）延度仪dummy joint 假缝dyn amic con solidati on 强夯法economic speed 经济车速econno mical hauli ng dista nee 土方调配经济运距eleme nt support 构件支撑elevation 高程（标高）emba nkme nt 路堤emerge ncy park ing strip 紧急停车带emulsified bitume n 孚L化沥青erect ing by floati ng 浮运架桥法erecti on by Ion gitud inal pulli ng method 纵向拖拉法erecti on by protrusi on 悬臂拼装法erecti on with cableway 缆索吊装法evaporati on pond 蒸发池expa nsion beari ng 活动支座expa nsive soil 膨胀土expa ntio n joint 胀缝expressway （城市）快速路exter nal desta外（矢）距neefabricated bridge 装配式桥fabricated steel bridge 装拆式钢桥factories and mi nes road 厂矿道路factory exter nal tran sportatio n line 对外道路factory-i n road 厂内道路factory-out road 厂外道路fast lane 内侧车道fault ing of slab ends 错台feeder highway 支线公路ferry 渡口fibrous con crete 纤维混凝土field of viaio n 视野fill 填方filled span drel arch bridge 实腹拱桥final survey 竣工测量finen ess 细度finen ess modulus 细度模数fixed beari ng 固定支座flare wing wall abutme nt 八字形桥台flared in tersection 拓宽路口式交叉口flash闪点flash point tester (ope n cup method)闪点仪（开口杯式）flexible p***eme nt 柔性路面flexible pier 柔性墩floor system 桥面系flush curb 平缘石foot way 人行道ford过水路面forest highway 林区公路forest road 林区道路foun datio n 基础free style road system 自由式道路系统free way 高速公路free-flow speed 自由车速freeze road 冻板道路freez ing and thaw ing test 冻融试验frost boili ng 翻浆froze n soil 冻土full depth asphalt p***ement 全厚式沥青（混凝土）路面fun cti on pla nti ng 功能栽植gen eral scour un der bridge ope ning 桥下一般冲刷geological section （道路）地质剖面图geotextile 土工织物gradati on 级配gradation of stone ( 路用)石料等级grade cha nge point 变坡点grade compe nsati on 纵坡折减grade cross ing 平面交叉grade len gth limitatio n 坡长限制grade of side slope 边坡坡度grade separatio n 简单立体交叉grade-separated jun cti on 立体交叉graded aggregate p***eme nt 级配路面brader平地机grain compositi on 颗粒组成granu lar material 粒料gr***el 砾石gr***ity pier (abutme nt) 重力式墩、台gree n belt 绿化带gridir on road system 棋盘式道路系统 ground con trol-po int survey地面控制点测量 ground elevati on 地面高程ground stereophotogrammetry地面立体摄影测量guard post 标柱guard rail 护栏guard wall 护墙gully 雨水口gutter 街沟（偏沟）gutter apron 平石gutter drain age 渠道排水half-through bridge 中承式桥hard shoulder 硬路肩 gr***ity retai ning wall重力式挡土墙hardening 硬化hardness 硬度haul road 运材道路he***y maintenance 大修hectometer stake 百米桩hedge绿篱height of cut and fill at cen eter stake中桩填挖高度high stre ngth bolt 高强螺栓high type p***eme nt 高级路面highway 公路highway Ian dscape desig n 公路景观设计hill-side line 山坡线（山腰线）hilly terrain 重丘区horiz on tal alig nment 平面线形horiz on tal curve 平曲线hot laid method 热铺法hot mixi ng method 热拌法hot stability （of bitume n）（沥青）热稳性hydraulic computati on 水力计算hydraulic computati on 水硬性imagi nary in tersecti on point 虚交点immersed tunn elli ng method 沉埋法inbound traffic 入境交通in creme ntal la un chi ng method 顶推法in dustrial district road 工业区道路in dustrial solid waste （路用）工业废渣in dustrial waste base course 工业废渣基层in let 雨水口in let submerged culvert 半压力式涵洞in let un submerged culvert 无压力式涵洞inorganic bin der 无机结合料in strume nt stati on 测站in te nsity of rai nstorm 暴雨强度in tercepti ng detch 截水沟in tercha nge 互通式立体交叉in tercha nge woth special bicycle track 分隔式立体交叉in termediate maintenance 中修in termediate type p***eme nt 中级路面in tersecti on （平面）交叉口in tersecti on an gle 交叉角，转角in tersecti on entrance 交叉口进口in tersecti on exit 交叉口出口in tersecti on pla n 交叉口平面图in tersecti on point 交点in tersecti on with wide ned corners 加宽转角式交叉口jack- in method 顶入法kilometer stone 里程碑land slide 坍方lane 车道Ian e-width 车道宽度lateral clear dista nee of curve （平曲线）横净距lay-by紧急停车带level of service 道路服务水平leveli ng course 整平层leveli ng survey 水准测量light-weight con crete 轻质混凝土lighti ng facilities of road 道路照明设施lime pile 石灰桩line developme nt 展线linkin g-up road 联络线，连接道路liquid asphaltic bitume n 液体沥青liquid limit 液限livi ng fence 绿篱load荷载loadi ng berm 反压护道lading comb in atio ns 荷载组合loadi ng plate 承载板ladi ng platetest 承载板试验local scour n ear pier 桥墩局部冲刷local traffic 境内交通locati on of line 定线locatio n survey 定测lock bolt support woth shotcrete 喷锚支护loess 黄土Ion gitudi nal beam 纵梁Ion gitudi nal gradie nt 纵坡Ion gitudi nal joi nt 纵缝loop ramp 环形匝道Los An geles abrasi on testio n mach ine 洛杉矶磨耗试验机machine （搁板式磨耗试验机）low rype p***eme nt 低级路面mai n beam 主梁main bridge 主桥maintenance 养护maintenance period 大中修周期man hole检查井margi nal strip 路缘带marshall stability apparatus 马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability test 马歇尔试验masonry bridge 圬工桥maximum annual hourly volume 年最大小时交通量maximum dry unit weight （标准）最大干密度maximum Ion gitud inal gradie nt 最大纵坡mi ne tunn elli ng method 矿山法min eral aggregate 矿料min eral powder 矿粉min i-ro un dabout 微形环交mi nimum height of fill （路基）最小填土高度mi nimum Ion gitudi nal gradie nt 最小纵坡mi nimum radius of horiz on tal curve 最小平曲线半径mi nimum turni ng radius 汽车最小转弯半径mixed traffic 混合交通mixi ng method 拌和法mixture 混合料model split 交通方式划分modulus of elasticity 弹性模量modulus of resilie nee 回弹模量modulus ratio 模量比mon thly ***erage daily traffic 月平均日交通量motor way 高速公路mountainous terrain 山岭区movable bridge 开启桥mud淤泥multiple-leg in terseeti on 多岔交叉mational trunk highway 国家干线公路（国道）matural asphalt 天然沥青natural scour 自然演变冲刷n atural subsoil 天然地基n***igable water level 通航水位n earside lane 夕卜侧车道n et-shaped crack ing 路面网裂New Austria n Tunn elli ng Method 新奥法observati on point 测点one-way ramp 单向匝道ope n cut method 明挖法ope n cut tunnel 明洞ope n spa ndrel arch bridge 空腹拱桥ope ncast mi ne road 露天矿山道路operati ng speed 运行速度iptimum gradati on 最佳级配iptimum moisture con ter 最佳含水量optimum speed 临界速度organic bin der 有机结合料orig in-desti nati on study 起迄点调查outbo und traffic 出境交通outlet submerged culvert 压力式涵洞outlet in let mai n road 城市出入干道overall speed 区间速度overlay of p***eme nt 罩面overpass grade separati on 上跨铁路立体交叉overtaki ng lane 超车车道overtaki ng sight dista nee 超车视距paper loeati on 纸上定线paraffi n content test 含蜡量试验pare nt soil 原状土park ing lane 停车车道park ing lot 停车场parki ng station 公交（车辆）停靠站part out-part fill subgrade 半填半挖式路基pass 垭口pass ing bay 错车道patrol maintenance 巡回养护p***ed crosi ng 道口铺面p***ement 路面p***eme nt pressi on 路面沉陷p***eme nt recappi ng 路面翻修p***eme nt slab pump ing 路面板唧泥p***eme nt spal ling 路面碎裂p***eme ngthe ning 路面补强p***eme nt structure layer 路面结构层附录英汉术语对照索引p***emill 路面铣削机（刨路机）peak hourly volume 高峰小时交通量pedestria n overcross ing 人行天桥pedestria n un derpass 人行地道pen etrati on macadam with coated chipschips 路面pen etrati on method 贯入法pen etrati on test apparatus 长杆贯入仪pen etrati on （of bitume n）（沥青）针入度penetrometer （沥青）针入度仪periodical maintenance 定期养护permaf rost 多年冻土perma nent load 永久荷载pervious ness test 透水度试验petroleum asphaltic bitume n 石油沥青photo index 像片索引图（镶辑复照图） photo mosaic 像片镶嵌图photogrammetry 摄影测量photographic map 影像地图上拌下贯式（沥青）pier桥墩pile and pla nd retai ning wall 柱板式挡土墙pile bent pier 排架桩墩pile driver 打桩机pipe culvert 管涵pipe drain age 管道排水pit test 坑探pitch ing method 铺砌法plai n stage of slope 边坡平台plai n terrain 平原区plan view （路线）平面图plane design （城市道路）平面设计pla ne sketch （道路）平面示意图pla ni metric photo 综合法测图pla nt mixi ng method 厂拌法plasticity in dex 塑限plasticity in dex 塑性指数poiss on's ratio 泊松比polished stone value 石料磨光值pontoon bridge 浮桥porosity 空隙率porotable pen dulum tester 摆式仪possible traffic capacity 可能通行能力post-te nsio ning method 后张法pot holes 路面坑槽prelim inary survey 初测preload ing method 预压法prestressed con crete 预应力混凝土prestressed con crete bridge 预应力混凝土桥prestresed steel bar draw ing jack 张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶prete nsioning method 先张法prime coat 透层productive arterial road 生产干线productive branch road 生产支线profile desig n 纵断面设计profilometer 路面平整度测定仪proporti oning of ceme nt con crete 水泥混凝土配合比protecti on forest fire-proof road 护林防火道路provincial trunk highway 省干线公路（省道）railroad grade crossing （铁路）道口ramp匝道rebo und deflecti on 回弹弯沉reclaimed asphalt mixture 再生沥青混合料reclaimed bitu minous p***eme nt 再生沥青路面reconn aissa nee 踏勘red clay 红粘土refere nee stake 护桩referencion crack 反射裂缝refuge isla nd 安全岛regulat ing structure 调治构造物rei nforced con crete 钢筋混凝土rei nforced con crete bridge 钢筋混凝土桥rei nforced con crete p***eme nt 钢筋混凝土路面rei nforced earth retai ning wall 力口筋土挡土墙relative moisture content (of soil) ( 土的)相对含水量relief road 辅道reside ntial street 居住区道路resulta nt gradie nt 合成坡度reta ining wall 挡土墙revelli ng of p***eme nt 路面松散reverse curve 反向曲线reverse loop 回头曲线ridge cross ing line 越岭线ridge line 山脊线right bridge 正交桥right bridge 正桥rigid frame bridge 刚构桥rigid p***eme nt 刚性路面rigid-type base 刚性基层ring and radial road system 环形辐射式道路系统ripper 松土机riprap 抛石road道路road alig nment 道路线形road appeara nee 路容road eara per sitize n （城市）人均道路面积road area ratio （城市）道路面积率road axis 道路轴线road bed 路床road bitume n 路用沥青road con diti on 路况road con diti on survey 路况调查road cross ing （平面）交叉口road cross ing desig n 交叉口设计road engin eeri ng 道路工程road feasibility study （道路工程）可行性研究road improveme nt 改善工程road intersection 道路交叉（路线交叉）road mixing method 路拌法road n etword 道路网road n etwork pla nning 道路网规戈U road pla nti ng 道路绿化road project （道路工程）方案图road trough 路槽road way 路幅rock breaker 凿岩机rock filled gabi on 石笼roller 压路机rolled ceme nton cerete 碾压式水泥混凝土rolli ng terrain 微丘区rotary in terchage 环形立体交叉rotary in tersecti on 环形交叉roundabout 环形交叉。

公路工程名词

公路工程名词术语第一章、一般术语第1.0.1条、公路联结城市、乡村和工矿基地等，主要供汽车行驶、具备一定技术条件和设施的道路。

第1.0.2条、道路供各种车辆（无轨）和行人等通行的工程设施。

按其使用特点分为公路、城市道路、林区道路、厂矿道路及乡村道路等。

第1.0.3条、公路工程以公路为对象而进行的规划、设计、施工、养护与管理工作的全过程及其所从事的工程实体。

第1.0.4条、公路网一定区域内相互连络、交织成网状分布的公路系统。

第1.0.5条、公路（网）密度一定区域内的公路总里程与该区域面积之比。

第1.0.6条、公路等级、根据交通量及其使用任务、性质，对公路进行的技术分级。

我国现行《公路工程技术标准》将公路划分为高速公路和一、二、三、四级公路。

第1.0.7条、公路自然区划根据全国各地气候、水文；地质、地形等条件对公路工程的影响而划分的地理区域，用以为路基、路面设计和路线勘测提供有参考。

我国现行《公路自然区划标准》中列有《中华人民共和国公路自然区划图》。

第1.0.8条、公路用地为修建、养护公路及其沿线设施，依照国家规定所征用的地幅。

第二章、公路类型第2.0.1条、高速公路具有四个或四个以上车道，并设有中央分隔带，全部立体交叉并具有完善的交通安全设施与管理设施、服务设施，全部控制出入，专供汽车高速度行驶的公路。

第2.0.2条、等级公路技术条件符合国家规定标准的公路。

第2.0.3、辅道设在公路的一侧或两侧，供不允许在该公路上与汽车混合行驶的非机动车辆、拖拉机等以及准备由出入口驶人该公路的汽车行驶的道路。

第2.0.4条、干线公路在公路网中起骨架作用的公路。

第2.0.5条、支线公路在公路网中起连接作用的一般公路。

第2.0.6条、专用公路由工矿、农林等部门投资修建，主要供该部门使用的公路。

第2.0.7条、国家干线公路（国道）在国家公路网中，具有全国性的政治、经济、国防意义，并经确定为国家级干线的公路。

第2.0.8条、省干线公路（省道）在省公路网中，具有全省性的政治、经济、国防意义，并经确定为省级干线的公路。

公路工程名词术语中英文对照11

公路工程名词术语中英文对照公路highway道路road公路工程highway engineering公路网highway network公路网密度highway density公路等级highway classification公路自然区划climatic zoning for highway公路用地highway right--of--way高速公路freeway等级公路classified highway辅道relief road干线公路arterial highway支线公路feeder highway专用公路accommodate highway国家干线公路〔国道〕national trunk highway.省级干线公路〔省道〕provincial trunk highway县公路〔县道〕county road乡公路〔乡道〕township road辐射式公路radial highway环形公路ring highway绕行公路bypass交通结构traffic structure交通组成traffic composition混合交通mixed traffic交通流traffic flow交通流理论traffic flow theory车流vehicle stream交通密度traffic density车头间距Space headway车头时距time headway 车间净距vehicular gap延误delay地点速度spot speed行驶速度running speed运行速度operating speed临界速度critical speed平均速度average speed计算行车速度(设计车速) design speed交通量traffic volume年平均日交通量annual average daily月平均日交通量monthly averagedaily traffic年第30 位最大小时交通量thirtiethhighest annual hourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum annualhourly volume设计小时交通量design hourly volume通行能力traffic capacity根本通行能力basic traffic capacity可能通行能力possible traffic capacity设计通行能力design traffic capacity道路效劳水平level of service公路交通规划traffic planning交通调查traffic survey交通量调查traffic volume survey交通量观测站traffic volumeobservation station起迄点调查〔OD 调查〕origin-destination study出行trip境内交通local traffic过境交通through traffic交通发生traffic generation交通分布traffic distribution交通分配traffic assignment交通预测traffic prognosis行车道carriageway别离式行车道Divided carriageway车道lane变速车道speed-change lane加速车道acceleration lane减速车道deceleration lane爬坡车道climbing lane停车道parking lane错车道turn-out lane自行车道cycle path路侧人行道sidewalk分隔带lane separator中央分隔带median divider中间带central strip路肩shoulder；verge路缘带marginal strip路缘石kerb；curb侧向余宽lateral clearance路拱camber；crown路拱横坡crown slope公路建筑限界clearance of highway公路路线highway route公路线形highway alignment平面线形horizontal alignment纵面线形vertical alignment线形要素alignment elements平曲线horizontal curve极限最小平曲线半径limitedminimum radius of horizontal curv复曲线compound curve反向曲线reverse curve断背曲线broken-back curve回头曲线switch-back curve缓和曲线transition curve竖曲线vertical curve弯道加宽curve widening加宽缓和段transition zone of curve超高superelevation超高缓和段superelevation runoff纵坡longitudinal gradient最大纵坡maximum longitudinalgradient最小纵坡minimum longitudinalgradient变坡点grade change point平均纵坡average gradient坡长限制grade length limitation高原纵坡折减highland gradecompensation缓和坡段transition grading zone合成坡度resultant gradient视距sight distance停车视距non-passing sight distance，stopping sight distance超车视距passing sight distance道路交叉road intersection道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉at-grade intersection；gradecrossing正交叉right-angle intersection斜交叉skew intersection环形交叉rotary intersection十字形交叉〞十〞intersectionT 形交叉T intersection错位交叉offset intersection；staggeredjunctionY 形交叉Y intersection立体交叉grade separation别离式立体交叉simple gradeseparation，separate grade crossing互通式立体交叉Interchange目蓿叶形立体交叉full cloverleafinterchange局部目蓿叶形立体交叉cloverleafinterchange菱形立体交叉diamond interchange定向式立体交叉directionalinterchange喇叭形立体交叉three-Leginterchange环形立体交叉rotary interchange匝道ramp交叉口road crossing；intersection交叉口进口intersection entrance交叉口出口intersection exit加铺转角式交叉口intersection withwidened corners拓宽路口式交叉口flared intersection分道转弯式交叉口channelizedintersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段weaving section合流converging分流diverging冲突点conflict point交通岛traffic island导流岛channelization island中心岛central island平安岛refuge island沿线设施roadside facilities交通平安设施traffic safety device人行横道crosswalk人行地道pedestrian underpass人行天桥pedestrian overcrossing护栏guard fence防护栅guard fence，safety barrier遮光栅anti-dizzling screen应急emergency telephone反光标志reflective sign反光路钮reflective button弯道反光镜traffic mirror道路交通标志road traffic sign警告标志warning sign禁令标志regulatory sign指示标志guide sign指路标志information sign辅助标志auxiliary sign可变信息标志changeable messagesign路面标线pavement marking防雪设施snow protection facilities防沙设施sands protection facilities隔音墙acoustic barrier停车场parking area踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibility study线形设计highway alignment design公路景观设计highway landscapedesign选线route selection路线控制点control point定线location比拟线alternative line展线line development初测preliminary survey定测location survey地貌topographic feature地物culture地形topography台地terrace垭口pass；saddle back平原区plain terrain微丘区rolling terrain重丘区hilly terrain山岭区mountainous terrain沿溪线valley line山脊线ridge line山坡线hill-sideline越岭线ridge crossing line土方调配cut-fill transition土方调配图cut-fill transition program 土方调配经济运距economical hauling distance导线traverse导线测量traverse survey中线center line中线测量center line survey施工测量construction survey竣工测量final survey(路线)平面图plan交点intersection point虚交点imaginary intersection point转点turning point；转角intersection angle方位角azimuth angle象限角bearing 方向角direction angle切线长tangent length曲线长curve length外(矢)距external secant测站instrument station测点observation point中桩center stake加桩additional stake护桩reference stake断链broken chainage水准测量leveling survey水准点benchmark绝对基面absolute datum高程elevation地面高程ground elevation设计高程designed elevation(路线)纵断面图profile中桩填挖高度cut and fill at centerstake地形测量topographic survey基线baseline地形图topographic map等高线contour line横断面测量cross-sectional survey横断面图cross-section坑探pit test钻探boring摄影测量photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry地面立体摄影测量ground stereophotogrammetry地面控制点测量ground control-pointsurvey航摄基线aerophoto base影像地图photographic map像片索引图(镶辑复照图) photo index航摄像片判读aerophoto interpretation综合法测图planimatric photo全能法测图universal photo微分法测图differential photo像片镶嵌图photo mosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路堑cutting半填半挖式路基part cut-partfillsubgrade台口式路基benched subgrade路基宽度width of subgrade路基设计高程design elevation ofsubgrade(路基)最小填土高度minimum heightof fill边坡side slope边坡坡度grade of side slope(边)坡顶top of slope(边)坡脚toe of slope护坡道berm边坡平台plain stage of slope碎落台berm at the foot of cuttingslope护坡slope protection挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weightretaining wall悬臂式挡土墙cantilever retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort retainingwall柱板式挡土墙column-plate tetainingwall锚杆式挡土墙anchored retaining wallby tie rods锚碇板式挡土墙anchored bulkheadtetaining wall石笼rock filled gabion抛石riprap路基排水subgrade drainage边沟side ditch截水沟intercepting ditch排水沟drainage ditch急流槽chute跌水drop water蒸发池evaporation pond盲沟blind drain渗水井seepage well透水路堤permeable embankment过水路面ford填方fill挖方cut借土borrow earth弃土waste取土坑borrow pit弃土堆waste bank回填土back--filling黄土loess软土soft soil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat盐渍土salty soil膨胀土expansive soil冻土frozen soil多年冻土permafrost流砂quicksand软弱地基soft ground强夺法dynamic consolidation预压法preloading method反压护道loading berm砂井sand drain路基砂垫层sand mat of subgrade压实compaction压实度degree of compaction〔标准〕最大干容重maximum dryunit weight相对密实度relative density毛细水capi11ary water土石方爆破blasting procedure抛掷爆破blasting for throwing rock爆破漏斗blasting crater松动爆破blasting for loosening rock爆破作用圈acting circ les of blasting路面pavement弹性层状体系理论elastic multilayertheory〔回弹〕弯沉deflection加州承载比〔CBR 〕Californiabearing ratio, CBR)路面宽度width of pavement路槽road trough刚性路面rigid pavement柔性路面flexible pavement路面结构层pavement structure layer面层surface course磨耗层wearing course联结层binder course基层base course垫层bed course隔水层aquitard隔温层thermal insulating course封层sea1 coat透层prime coat保护层protection course补强层streng thening layer高级路面high type pavement次高级路面sub--high type pavement中级路面intermediate type pavement低级路面low type pavement水泥混凝土路面cement concretepavement沥青路面bituminous pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous concretepavement沥青碎石路面bituminous macadampavement沥青贯入碎〔砾〕石路面bituminouspenetration pavement沥青外表处治bituminous surfacetreatment块料路面block pavement石块路面stone block pavement泥结碎石路面clay--bound macadampavement水结碎石路面water--bound macadampavement级配路面graded aggregate pavement稳定土基层stabilized soil base course工业废渣基层industrial waste basecourse块石基层Telford base层铺法spreading in layers拌和法mixing method厂拌法plant mixing method路拌法road mixing method热拌泼hot mixing method冷拌法cold mixing method热铺法hot laid method冷铺法cold laid method贯入法penetration method铺砌法pitching method缩缝contraction joint胀缝expansion joint真缝true joint假缝dummy joint横缝transverse Jo1nt纵缝longitudinal joint施工缝construction joint传力杆dowel bar拉杆tie bar路面平整度surface evenness路面粗糙度surface roughness路面摩擦系数friction coefficient of pavement附着力adhesive force水滑现象hydroplaning phenomenon 桥梁bridge公路桥highway bridge公铁两用桥highway and rail transit bridge人行桥pedestrian bridge跨线桥overpass bridge高架桥viaduct永久性桥permanent bridge半永久性桥semi-permanent bridge 临时性桥temporary bridge 钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concretebridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concretebridge钢桥steel bridge圬工桥masonry bridge木桥timber bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge弯桥curved bridge坡桥bridge on slope斜桥skew bridge正桥right bridge上承式桥deck bridge中承式桥half-through bridge下承式桥through bridge梁桥beam bridge简支梁桥simple supported beambridge连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge联合梁桥composite beam bridge板桥slab bridge拱桥arch bridge双曲拱桥two-way curved arch bridge空腹拱桥open spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥filled spandrel arch bridge系杆拱桥bowstring arch bridge桁架桥truss bridge刚构桥rigid frame bridgeT 形刚构桥T-shaped rigid framebridge连续刚构桥continuous rigid framebridge斜腿刚构桥rigid frame bridge withinclined 1egs斜拉桥(斜张桥) cable stayed bridge悬索桥suspension bridge漫水桥submersible bridge浮桥pontoon bridge开启桥movable bridge装配式桥fabricated bridge装拆式钢桥fabricated steel bridge涵洞culvert管涵pipe culvert拱涵arch culvert箱涵box culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力式涵洞non-pressure culvert压力式涵洞pressure culvert半压力式涵洞partial pressure culvert倒虹吸涵siphon culvert上部结构superstructure主梁main beam横梁floor beam纵梁longitudinal beam，stringer挂梁suspended beam拱圈arch，ring拱上结构spandrel structure腹拱spandrel arch拱上侧墙spandrel wall桥面系floor system，bridge decking桥面铺装bridge deck pavement伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint桥面伸缩装置bridge floor expansionandcontraction installation平安带safety belt桥头搭板transition slab at bridge head下部结构substructure桥墩pier墩身pier body墩帽coping盖梁bent cap破冰体ice apron重力式桥墩gravity pier实体桥墩solid pier空心桥墩hollow pier柱式桥墩column pier排架桩墩pile bent pier柔性墩flexible pier制动墩braking pier单向推力墩single direction thrustedpier桥台abutment台身abutment body前墙front wall翼墙wing walls台帽coping锥坡conical slope耳墙wing wallsU 形桥台U-shaped abutment八字形桥台flare wing wall abutment一字形桥台head wall abutment，straight abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment扶壁式桥台counterforted abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkheadabutment支撑式桥台supported type abutment地基subsoil加固地基consolidated subsoil天然地基natural subsoil根底foundation扩大根底spread foundation沉井根底open caisson foundation管柱根底cylindrical shaft foundation桩根底pile foundation桩pile预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile承台bearing platform支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expansion bearing索塔cable bent tower索鞍cable saddle调治构造物regulating structure丁坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam桥位bridge site桥梁全长total length of bridge主桥main bridge引桥approach span跨径span桥涵计算跨径computed span桥涵净跨径clear span矢跨比rise span ratio计算矢高calculated rise of arch桥下净空clearance of span桥面净空clearance above bridge floor桥梁建筑高度construction height ofbridge荷载load永久荷载permanent load可变荷载variable load偶然荷载accidental load荷载组合loading combinations车辆荷载标准loading standard fordesign vehicle设计荷载design load施工荷载construction load梁beam简支梁simple-supported beam连续梁continuous beam悬臂梁cantilever beam板slab拱arch桁架truss刚构rigid frame柱column强度strength刚度stiffness，rigidity抗裂度crack resistance稳定性stability位移displacement变形deformation挠度deflection预拱度camber流域catchment basin集水面积runoff area径流runoff水文测验hydrological survey河床river bed河槽river channel主槽main channel边滩side shoal河滩rlood land河床宽度bed width河槽宽度channel width过水断面discharge section水位water level最高(或最低)水位maximum(minimum)water level通航水位navigable water level设计水位design water lever水面比降water surface slope河床比降gradient of river bed湿周weffed perimeter糙率coefficient of roughuess水力半径hydraulic radius水文计算hydrological computation 设计流量designed discharge设计流速designed flow velocity行近流速approach velocity洪水调查flood survey洪水频率flood frequency设计洪水频率designed flood frequency潮汐河流tidal river悬移质suspended load推移质bed material load水力计算hydraulic computation水头water head冲刷scour桥下一般冲刷general scour under bridge桥墩(或台)局部冲刷local scour near pier自然演变冲刷natural scour冲刷系数coefficient of scouring 淤积silting壅水back water流冰ice drift先张法pretensioning method后张法post-tensioning method缆索吊装法erection with cableway悬臂拼装法erection by protrusion悬臂浇筑法cast-in-place cantilevermethod移动支架逐跨施工法span by spanmethod纵向拖拉法erection by longitudinalpulling method顶推法incremental launching method转体架桥法construction by swing浮运架桥法erecting by floating顶入法jack-in method围堰cofferdam护筒pile casing隧道tunnel洞门tunnel portal衬砌tunnel lining明洞open cut tunnel围岩surrounding rork隧道建筑限界structural approachlimit of tunnels明挖法open cut method矿山法mine tunnelling method盾构法shield tunnelling method沉埋法(沉管法) immersed tunnel导坑heading隧道支撑tunnel support构件支撑element support喷锚支护lock bolt support withshotcrete隧道通风tunnel ventilation隧道照明tunnel lighting养护maintenance定期养护periodical maintenance巡回养护patrol maintenance大中修周期maintenance period小修保养routine maintenance中修intermediate maintenance大修heavy maintenance改善工程road inprovement抢修emergency repair of road加固strengthening of structure回砂sand sweeping罩面overlay of pavement路面翻修pavement recapping路向补强pavement strengthening车辙rutting路面搓板surface corrugation路面网裂net-shaped cracking路面龟裂alligator cracking路面碎裂pavement spalling反射裂缝reflection crack路面坑槽pot holes路面冻胀surface frost heave路面沉陷pavement depression路面滑溜surface slipperiness露骨surface angularity啃边edge failure泛油bleeding拥包upheaval拱胀blow up错台faulting of slab ends错位slab staggering滑坡slide坍方land slide崩塌collapse碎落debris avalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mud avalanche(振动)液化liquefaction翻浆frost boiling岩溶karst沙害sand hazard雪害snow hazard水毁washout好路率rate of good roads养护质量综合值general rating ofmaintenance quality路容road appearance路况road condition路况调查road condition survey路政管理rlad administration民工建勤civilian labourers workingon public project养路费toll of road maintenance养路道班maintenance gang粒料granular material集料(骨料) aggregate矿料mineral aggregate矿粉mineral powder砂sand砾石gravel砂砾sand gravel卵石cobble stone碎石broken stone，crushed stone片石rubble块石block stone料石dressed stone石屑chip工业废渣industrial solid waste结合料binder有机结合料organic binding agent沥青bitumen地沥青asphalt天然沥青natural asphalt石油沥青petroleum asphalt煤沥青coal tar乳化沥青emulsified bitumen氧化沥青oxidized asphalt路用沥青road bitumen无机结合料inorganic binding agent粉煤灰fly ash混合料mixture沥青混合料bituminous mixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminousconcrete mixture沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadammixture沥青砂asphalt sand沥青膏asphalt mastic水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥混凝土混合料cement concretemixture水泥混凝土cement concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力(钢筋)混凝土prestressedconcrete早强混凝土early strength concrete干硬性混凝土dry concrete贫混凝土lean concrete轻质混凝土light-weight concrete纤维混凝土fibrous concrete外掺剂admixture减水剂water reducing agent加气剂air entraining agent早强剂early strength agent缓凝剂retarder钢筋steel bar预应力钢材prestressing steel高强钢丝high tensile steel wire钢铰线stranded steel wire冷拉钢筋cold-stretched steel bar冷拔钢丝cold-drawn steel wire高强螺栓high strength bolt空隙率porosity孔隙比void ratio粒径grain size颗粒组成grain composition细度fineness筛分sieve analysis级配gradation级配曲线grading curve最正确级配optimum gradation含水量water content最正确含水量optimum water content稠度界限consistency limit液限liquid limit塑限plastic limit缩限shrinkage limit塑性指数plasticity index水泥标号cement mark水泥混凝土标号cement concrete mark水泥混凝土配合比proportioning of cement concrete水灰比water cement ratio和易性workability坍落度slump硬化hardening水硬性hydraulicity气硬性air hardening离析segregation徐变creep老化ageing(沥青)稠度consistency (of bitumen) 针入度penetration粘(滞)度viscosity软化点softening point延度ductility闪点flash point溶解度dissolubility热稳性hot stability水稳性water stability油石化asphalt-aggregate ratio含油率bitumen content压碎率rate of crushing磨耗度abrasiveness弹性模量modulus of elasticity回弹模量modulus of resilience劲度(模量) stiffness modulus模量比modulus ratio泊松比Poisson's ratio疲劳试验fatigue test劈裂试验splitting test三轴试验triaxial test 击实试验compaction test触探试验cone penetration test弯沉试验deflection test环道试验circular track test承载板试验loading plate test透水性试验perviousness test车辙试验wheel tracking test马歇尔试验Marshall stability test压实度试验compactness test铺砂法sand patch method硬练胶砂强度试验earth-dry mortarstrength-test软练胶砂强度试验plastic mortarstrength-test(水泥)安定性试验soundness test(ofcement)击实仪compaction test equipment长杆贯入仪penetration test equipment承载板loading plate杠杆弯沉仪beam lever deflectometer路面曲率半径测定仪surface-curvature apparatus路面平整度测定仪vlameter路面透水度测定仪surfacepermeameter五轮仪fifth-wheel tester制动仪skiddometer速度检测器speed detector万能试验机universal testing machine三轴(剪切)仪triaxial shear equipment加州承载比(CBR)测定仪Californiabearing ratio-tester标准筛standard sieves(沥青)针入度仪penetrometer(沥青)粘度仪viscosimeter(沥青)延度仪ductilometer(沥青)软化点仪(环—球法) softeningpoint tester(ring-ball method)闪点仪(开口杯式) flash pointtester(open cup method)马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stabilityapparatus(沥青混合料)抽提仪bitumen extractor砂浆稠度仪mortar penetration tester坍落度圆锥筒slump cone标准工业粘度计standard concreteconsisto-meter饱和面干吸水率试模saturated-surface-duied moistureretention tester撞击韧度试验机impact toughnessmachine圆盘耐磨硬度试验机wear hardnessmachine狄法尔磨耗试验机Deval abrasiontesting machine洛杉矶磨耗试验机Los Angelesabrasion testing- machine压碎率试模crushing strength tester单斗挖掘机single-bucket excavator推土机bulldozer除根机rootdozer铲运机scraper平地机grader挖沟机trencher耕耘机cultivator松土机ripper松土搅拌机pulvi-mixer稳定土拌和机stabilizer凿岩机rock breaker碎石机stone crusher碎石撒布机stone spreader装载机loader羊足压路机sheep-foot roller手扶式单轮压路机walk behind singledrum蛙式打夯机frog rammer内燃夯实机internal combustioncompactor铁夯(铁撞柱) tamping iron压路机roller振动压路机vibratory roller沥青加热器asphalt heater沥青泵asphalt pump沥青洒布机asphalt sprayer沥青洒布车asphalt distributor沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt mixingplant沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt paver散装水泥运输车cement deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料拌和设备concretemixing plant(水泥混凝土混合料)搅拌运输车concrete deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料摊铺机concretepaver振捣器concrete vibrator水泥混凝土混合料整面机concretefinisher真空泵vacuum pump水泥混凝土路面切缝机concrete Jointcutter水泥混凝土路面锯缝机concrete saw水泥混凝土路面清缝机concrete jointcleaner水泥混凝土路面填缝机concrete jointsealer水泵pump泥浆泵mud pump张拉钢筋油泵prestressed steel bardrawing oil pump砂浆泵mortar pump水泥混凝土混合料泵concrete pump钢筋切断机bar shear钢筋冷轧机cold-rolling mill钢筋冷拉机steel stretcher钢筋冷拔机steel bar cold-extrudingmachine钢筋冷镦机steel bar heading pressmachine钢筋拉伸机steel extension machine钢筋弯曲机steel bar bender钢筋调直机steel straighten machine对焊机butt welder钻孔机boring machine打桩机pile driver拔桩机pile extractor千斤顶jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶prestressedsteel bar drawing jack手拉葫芦chain block起重葫芦hoisting block卷扬机hoister缆索吊装设备cableway erectingequipment起重机crane架桥机bridge erection equipment砂筒sand cylinder盾构shield全气压盾构compressed air shield半盾构roof shield隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine全断面隧道掘进机tunnel boringmachine for full section喷枪shotcrete equipment：装碴机mucker盾构千斤顶main jack拉合千斤顶pull-in jacks复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphaltremixer路面铣削机pavemill回砂车sand sweeping equipment除雪机snow plough装雪机snow Loader洗净剂喷布车detergent spray truck清扫车sweeper洒水车water truck划标线机Line maker振动筛vibrating screen撒布机spreader输送机conveyer提升机elevator翻斗车dump-body car自卸汽车dumping wagon牵引车tow truck拖车头tractor truck挂车trailer平板车flat truck工程车shop truck万能杆件fabricated universal steel members交通规那么traffic rules交通事故traffic accident交通事故率traffic accident rate人口事故率population accident rate 车辆事故率vehicle accident rate运行事故率operating accident rate 交通控制traffic control中央控制台central control unit点控制spot control线控制line control面控制area control交通信号traffic signal交通信号灯traffic signal lamp信号周期signal cycle绿信比split ratio信号相位signal phase相位差phase difference绿波green wave交通监视系统traffic surveillance 交通公害vehicular pollution公司企业常见部门名称英文翻译总公司Head Office分公司Branch Office营业部Business Office人事部Personnel Department(人力资源部)Human Resources Department总务部General Affairs Department 财务部General Accounting Department销售部Sales Department促销部Sales Promotion Department国际部International Department出口部Export Department进口部Import Department公共关系Public Relations Department广告部Advertising Department企划部Planning Department产品开发部Product Development Department研发部Research and Development Department(R&D)秘书室Secretarial Pool 交通标志专用名词中英对照警告标志|| Warning sign禁令标志|| Prohibition sign指示标志|| Mandatory sign指路标志|| Guide sign旅游标志|| Tourist sign标线|| Marking禁止超越线|| No-passing line大型车|| Oversize vehicle小型车|| Light-duty vehicle自行车|| Bicycle非机动车|| Non-motor vehicle公共汽车|| Bus机动车|| Motor vehicle公共汽车优先|| Bus preemption，Bus priority行车道|| Roadway,carriageway超车道|| Overtaking lane硬路肩|| Hard shoulder国道|| National road省道|| Provincial road县道|| County road高速公路|| Expressway起点|| Starting point终点|| End point一般道路|| Ordinary road城市道路|| Urban road**街道|| * * street互通式立交|| * * interchange高架桥|| Viaduct隧道|| Tunnel收费站|| Toll station应急停车带|| Emergency stop area休息处|| Rest area效劳区|| Service area避车道|| Lay-by,Passing bay火车站|| Railway station飞机场|| Airport停车场|| Parking长途汽车站|| Inter-city bus station急救站|| First aid station客轮码头|| Passenger quay餐饮|| Restaurant汽修|| Breakdown service洗车|| Vehicle cleaning加油站|| Filling station|| Telephone轮渡|| Ferry爬坡车道|| Climbing lane追尾危险|| Rear-end collisiondanger保持车距|| Keep space道路交通信息|| Traffic information路面结冰|| Icy pavement小心路滑|| Slippery road be careful陡坡慢行|| Steepdescent,slow-down多雾路段|| Foggy section软基路段|| Weak subgrade大型车靠右|| Oversize vehicle toright注意横风|| Alert to cross wind事故多发点|| Blackspot保护动物|| Protect animal长下坡慢行|| Longdescent,slow-down道路封闭|| Road closed车道封闭|| Lane closed车辆慢行|| Slow down道路施工|| Road construction,Roadworks车辆绕行|| Vehicle by-pass方向引导|| Direction guide落石|| Falling rocks双向交通|| Two-way traffic其他危险|| Other dangers道路或车道变窄|| Carriagewaynarrows堤坝路|| Embankment road限制高度|| Limited height限制宽度|| Limited width禁鸣喇叭|| Silence(No audiblewarning)渡船|| Ferry boat此路不通|| No through road中英对照医学名词医学名词Medical Terminology过敏Allergy健康诊断Gernral Check-upPhysical Examination检查Examination入院Admission to Hospotial退院Discharge from Hospital病症Symptom营养Nutrition病例Clinical History诊断Diagnosis治疗Treatment预防Prevention呼吸Respiration便通Bowel Movement便Stool血液Blood脉搏Pulse, Pulsation尿Urine脉搏数Pulse Rate血型Blood Type血压Blood Pressure麻醉Anesthesia全身麻醉General Anesthesia静脉麻醉Intravenous Anesthesia脊椎麻醉Spinal Anesthesia局部麻醉Local Anesthesia手术Operation切除Resectionlie副作用Side Effect洗净Irrigation注射InjectionX光X-Ray红外线Ultra Red-Ray慢性的Chronic急性的Acute体格Build亲戚Relative遗传Heredity免疫Immunity血清Serum流行性的Epidemic潜伏期Incubation Period滤过性病毒Virus消毒Sterilization抗生素Antibiotic脑波E.E.G洗肠Enema结核反映Tuberculin Reaction华氏Fahrenheit摄氏Celsius, Centigrade中英对照商标术语世界贸易组织?WTO? WORLDTRADE ORGANIZATION关税及贸易总协定?GATT?GENERAL AGREEMENT ONTARIFFS AND TRADE亚太经济合作组织?APEC? ASIAPACIFIC ECONOMICCOOPERATION与贸易有关的知识产权协议?TRIPS?AGREEMENT ON TRADERELATED ASPECTS OFINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYRIGHTS世界知识产权组织?WIPO? WORLDINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYORGANIZATION保护知识产权联合国际局INTERNATIONAL BOARD OFINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYRIGHT保护工业产权巴黎公约PARISCONVENTION FOR THEPROTECTION OF INDUSTRIALPROPERTY商标国际注册马德里协定MADRID AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION OF MARKS商标注册条约?TRT? TRADE MARK REGISTRATION TREATY商标注册用商品与国际分类尼斯协定NICE AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF GOODS AND SERVICES FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE REGISTRATION OF MARKS建立商标图形要素国际分类维也纳协定VIENNA AGREEMENT FOR ESTABLISHING AND INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE FIGURATIVE ELEMENTS OF MARKS专利合作条约?PCT? PATENT CO－OPERATION TREATY共同体专利公约COMMUNITY 产PATENT CONVENTION斯特拉斯堡协定?SA? STRASBOURG AGREEMENT 工业外观设计国际保存海牙协定THE HAGUE AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL DEPOSIT OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS工业外观设计国际分类洛迦诺协定LOCARNO AGREEMENT ONESTABLISHING ANDINTERNATIONALCLASSIFICATION FORINDUSTRIAL DESIGNS商标，外观设计与地理标记法律常设委员会〔SCT〕STANDINGCOMMITTEE ON THE LAWOF TRADEMARKS，INDUSTRIALDESIGN ANDGEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION国际专利文献中心?INPADOC?INTERNATIONAL PATENTDOCUMENTATION CENTER欧洲专利局?EPO? EUROPEANPATENT OFFICE欧洲专利公约EUROPEANPATENT CONVENTION比荷卢商标局TRADE MARKOFFICE OF BELGIUM－HOLLAND－LUXEMBURG法语非洲知识产权组织ORGANIZATION OF AFRICANINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY国际商标协会THEINTERNATIONAL TRADEMARKASSOCIATION中华人民共和国商标法TRADEMARK LAW OF THEPEOPLES REPUBLIC OFCHINA英国商标法TRADEMARKLAW OF UNITED KINGDOMOF GREAT BRITAIN ANDNORTHERN IRELAND美国商标法TRADEMARKLAW OF THE UNITEDSTATES OF AMERICA日本商标法JAPANESETRADEMARK LAW商标TRADE MARK商标局TRADE MARKOFFICCE商标法TRADEMARK LAW文字商标WORD MARK图形商标FIGURATIVEMARK组合商标ASSOCIATEDMARK保证商标CERTIFICATIONMARK集体商标COLLECTIVEMARK著名商标WELL－KNOWNMARK著名商标FAMOUYS MARK近似商标SIMILAR MARK防御商标DEFENSIVEMARK效劳标记SERVICE MARK注册商标REGISTEREDMARK商标注册申请人TRADEMARK REGISTRANT注册申请日APPLICATIONDATE OF TRADE MARK注册申请号APPLICATIONNUMBER商标注册证TRADE MARKREGISTRATION CERTIFICATE商标注册号TRADE MARKREGISTRATION NUMBER商标注册日TRADE MARKREGISTRATION DATE商标注册簿TRADE MARKREGISTERED BOOK注册有效期THE TERM OFVALIDITY商标注册官EXAMINATIONFOR TRADE MARKREGISTRATION注册查询TRADE MARKENQUIRIES注册续展RENEWAL OFTRADE MARK分别申请SEPARATEAPPLICATION重新申请NEWREGISTRATION别行申请NEWAPPLICATION变更申请APPLICATIONREGARDING CHANGES注册代理TRADE MARKAGENCY注册公告TRADE MARKPUBLICATION申请注册APPLICATION FORREGISTRATION续展注册RENEWAL OFREGISTRATION转让注册REGISTRATIONOF ASSIGNMENT变更注册人名义／地址／其它注册事项MODIFICATION OFNAME／ADDRESS OFREGISTRANT／OTHERMATTERS补发商标证书REISSUANCEOF REGISTRATIONCERTIFICATE注销注册商标REMOVAL证明CERTIFICATION异议OPPOSITION使用许可合同备案RECORDALOF LICENSE CONTRACT驳回商标复审REVIEW OFREFUSED TRADEMARK驳回续展复审REVIEW OFREFUSED RENEWAL驳回转让复审REVIEW OFREFUSED ASSIGNMENT撤销商标复审REVIEW OFADJUDICATION ONOPPOSITION异议复审REVIEW OFADJUDICATION ONOPPOSITION争议裁定ADJUDICATIONON DISPUTED REGISTEREDTRADEMARK撤销注册不当裁定ADJUDICATION ONCANCELLATION OFIMPROPERLY REGISTEREDTRADEMARK撤销注册不当复审REVIEWON CANCELLATION OFIMPROPERLY REGISTEREDTRADEMARK处理商标纠纷案件DEALINGWITH INFRINGEMENT优先权PRIORITY注册申请优先日DATE OFPRIORITY注册商标使用人USER OFREGISTERED TRADE MARK注册商标专用权EXCLUSIVERIGHT TO USE REGISTEREDTRADE MARK注册商标的转让ASSIGNMENTOF REGISTERED TRADEMARK商标的许可使用LICENSINGOF REGISTERED TRADEMARK使用在先原那么PRINCIPLEOF FIRST TO USE注册在先原那么PRINCIPLEOF FIRST APPLICATION商标国际分类INTERNATIONALCLASSIFICATION OF GOODS专利PATENT专利权PATENT RIGHT专利权人PATENTEE专利代理PATENT AGENCY产品专利PRODUCTPATENT。

公路工程名词术语中英文对照11

公路工程名词术语中英文对照公路highway道路road公路工程highway engineering公路网highway network公路网密度highway density公路等级highway classification公路自然区划climatic zoning for highway公路用地highway right--of--way高速公路freeway等级公路classified highway辅道relief road干线公路arterial highway支线公路feeder highway专用公路accommodate highway国家干线公路〔国道〕national trunk highway.省级干线公路〔省道〕provincial trunk highway县公路〔县道〕county road乡公路〔乡道〕township road辐射式公路radial highway环形公路ring highway绕行公路bypass交通结构traffic structure交通组成traffic composition混合交通mixed traffic交通流traffic flow交通流理论traffic flow theory车流vehicle stream交通密度traffic density车头间距Space headway车头时距time headway 车间净距vehicular gap延误delay地点速度spot speed行驶速度running speed运行速度operating speed临界速度critical speed平均速度average speed计算行车速度(设计车速) design speed交通量traffic volume年平均日交通量annual average daily月平均日交通量monthly averagedaily traffic年第30 位最大小时交通量thirtiethhighest annual hourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum annualhourly volume设计小时交通量design hourly volume通行能力traffic capacity根本通行能力basic traffic capacity可能通行能力possible traffic capacity设计通行能力design traffic capacity道路效劳水平level of service公路交通规划traffic planning交通调查traffic survey交通量调查traffic volume survey交通量观测站traffic volumeobservation station起迄点调查〔OD 调查〕origin-destination study出行trip境内交通local traffic过境交通through traffic交通发生traffic generation交通分布traffic distribution交通分配traffic assignment交通预测traffic prognosis行车道carriageway别离式行车道Divided carriageway车道lane变速车道speed-change lane加速车道acceleration lane减速车道deceleration lane爬坡车道climbing lane停车道parking lane错车道turn-out lane自行车道cycle path路侧人行道sidewalk分隔带lane separator中央分隔带median divider中间带central strip路肩shoulder；verge路缘带marginal strip路缘石kerb；curb侧向余宽lateral clearance路拱camber；crown路拱横坡crown slope公路建筑限界clearance of highway公路路线highway route公路线形highway alignment平面线形horizontal alignment纵面线形vertical alignment线形要素alignment elements平曲线horizontal curve极限最小平曲线半径limitedminimum radius of horizontal curv复曲线compound curve反向曲线reverse curve断背曲线broken-back curve回头曲线switch-back curve缓和曲线transition curve竖曲线vertical curve弯道加宽curve widening加宽缓和段transition zone of curve超高superelevation超高缓和段superelevation runoff纵坡longitudinal gradient最大纵坡maximum longitudinalgradient最小纵坡minimum longitudinalgradient变坡点grade change point平均纵坡average gradient坡长限制grade length limitation高原纵坡折减highland gradecompensation缓和坡段transition grading zone合成坡度resultant gradient视距sight distance停车视距non-passing sight distance，stopping sight distance超车视距passing sight distance道路交叉road intersection道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉at-grade intersection；gradecrossing正交叉right-angle intersection斜交叉skew intersection环形交叉rotary intersection十字形交叉〞十〞intersectionT 形交叉T intersection错位交叉offset intersection；staggeredjunctionY 形交叉Y intersection立体交叉grade separation别离式立体交叉simple gradeseparation，separate grade crossing互通式立体交叉Interchange目蓿叶形立体交叉full cloverleafinterchange局部目蓿叶形立体交叉cloverleafinterchange菱形立体交叉diamond interchange定向式立体交叉directionalinterchange喇叭形立体交叉three-Leginterchange环形立体交叉rotary interchange匝道ramp交叉口road crossing；intersection交叉口进口intersection entrance交叉口出口intersection exit加铺转角式交叉口intersection withwidened corners拓宽路口式交叉口flared intersection分道转弯式交叉口channelizedintersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段weaving section合流converging分流diverging冲突点conflict point交通岛traffic island导流岛channelization island中心岛central island平安岛refuge island沿线设施roadside facilities交通平安设施traffic safety device人行横道crosswalk人行地道pedestrian underpass人行天桥pedestrian overcrossing护栏guard fence防护栅guard fence，safety barrier遮光栅anti-dizzling screen应急emergency telephone反光标志reflective sign反光路钮reflective button弯道反光镜traffic mirror道路交通标志road traffic sign警告标志warning sign禁令标志regulatory sign指示标志guide sign指路标志information sign辅助标志auxiliary sign可变信息标志changeable messagesign路面标线pavement marking防雪设施snow protection facilities防沙设施sands protection facilities隔音墙acoustic barrier停车场parking area踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibility study线形设计highway alignment design公路景观设计highway landscapedesign选线route selection路线控制点control point定线location比拟线alternative line展线line development初测preliminary survey定测location survey地貌topographic feature地物culture地形topography台地terrace垭口pass；saddle back平原区plain terrain微丘区rolling terrain重丘区hilly terrain山岭区mountainous terrain沿溪线valley line山脊线ridge line山坡线hill-sideline越岭线ridge crossing line土方调配cut-fill transition土方调配图cut-fill transition program 土方调配经济运距economical hauling distance导线traverse导线测量traverse survey中线center line中线测量center line survey施工测量construction survey竣工测量final survey(路线)平面图plan交点intersection point虚交点imaginary intersection point转点turning point；转角intersection angle方位角azimuth angle象限角bearing 方向角direction angle切线长tangent length曲线长curve length外(矢)距external secant测站instrument station测点observation point中桩center stake加桩additional stake护桩reference stake断链broken chainage水准测量leveling survey水准点benchmark绝对基面absolute datum高程elevation地面高程ground elevation设计高程designed elevation(路线)纵断面图profile中桩填挖高度cut and fill at centerstake地形测量topographic survey基线baseline地形图topographic map等高线contour line横断面测量cross-sectional survey横断面图cross-section坑探pit test钻探boring摄影测量photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry地面立体摄影测量ground stereophotogrammetry地面控制点测量ground control-pointsurvey航摄基线aerophoto base影像地图photographic map像片索引图(镶辑复照图) photo index航摄像片判读aerophoto interpretation综合法测图planimatric photo全能法测图universal photo微分法测图differential photo像片镶嵌图photo mosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路堑cutting半填半挖式路基part cut-partfillsubgrade台口式路基benched subgrade路基宽度width of subgrade路基设计高程design elevation ofsubgrade(路基)最小填土高度minimum heightof fill边坡side slope边坡坡度grade of side slope(边)坡顶top of slope(边)坡脚toe of slope护坡道berm边坡平台plain stage of slope碎落台berm at the foot of cuttingslope护坡slope protection挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weightretaining wall悬臂式挡土墙cantilever retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort retainingwall柱板式挡土墙column-plate tetainingwall锚杆式挡土墙anchored retaining wallby tie rods锚碇板式挡土墙anchored bulkheadtetaining wall石笼rock filled gabion抛石riprap路基排水subgrade drainage边沟side ditch截水沟intercepting ditch排水沟drainage ditch急流槽chute跌水drop water蒸发池evaporation pond盲沟blind drain渗水井seepage well透水路堤permeable embankment过水路面ford填方fill挖方cut借土borrow earth弃土waste取土坑borrow pit弃土堆waste bank回填土back--filling黄土loess软土soft soil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat盐渍土salty soil膨胀土expansive soil冻土frozen soil多年冻土permafrost流砂quicksand软弱地基soft ground强夺法dynamic consolidation预压法preloading method反压护道loading berm砂井sand drain路基砂垫层sand mat of subgrade压实compaction压实度degree of compaction〔标准〕最大干容重maximum dryunit weight相对密实度relative density毛细水capi11ary water土石方爆破blasting procedure抛掷爆破blasting for throwing rock爆破漏斗blasting crater松动爆破blasting for loosening rock爆破作用圈acting circ les of blasting路面pavement弹性层状体系理论elastic multilayertheory〔回弹〕弯沉deflection加州承载比〔CBR 〕Californiabearing ratio, CBR)路面宽度width of pavement路槽road trough刚性路面rigid pavement柔性路面flexible pavement路面结构层pavement structure layer面层surface course磨耗层wearing course联结层binder course基层base course垫层bed course隔水层aquitard隔温层thermal insulating course封层sea1 coat透层prime coat保护层protection course补强层streng thening layer高级路面high type pavement次高级路面sub--high type pavement中级路面intermediate type pavement低级路面low type pavement水泥混凝土路面cement concretepavement沥青路面bituminous pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous concretepavement沥青碎石路面bituminous macadampavement沥青贯入碎〔砾〕石路面bituminouspenetration pavement沥青外表处治bituminous surfacetreatment块料路面block pavement石块路面stone block pavement泥结碎石路面clay--bound macadampavement水结碎石路面water--bound macadampavement级配路面graded aggregate pavement稳定土基层stabilized soil base course工业废渣基层industrial waste basecourse块石基层Telford base层铺法spreading in layers拌和法mixing method厂拌法plant mixing method路拌法road mixing method热拌泼hot mixing method冷拌法cold mixing method热铺法hot laid method冷铺法cold laid method贯入法penetration method铺砌法pitching method缩缝contraction joint胀缝expansion joint真缝true joint假缝dummy joint横缝transverse Jo1nt纵缝longitudinal joint施工缝construction joint传力杆dowel bar拉杆tie bar路面平整度surface evenness路面粗糙度surface roughness路面摩擦系数friction coefficient of pavement附着力adhesive force水滑现象hydroplaning phenomenon 桥梁bridge公路桥highway bridge公铁两用桥highway and rail transit bridge人行桥pedestrian bridge跨线桥overpass bridge高架桥viaduct永久性桥permanent bridge半永久性桥semi-permanent bridge 临时性桥temporary bridge 钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concretebridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concretebridge钢桥steel bridge圬工桥masonry bridge木桥timber bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge弯桥curved bridge坡桥bridge on slope斜桥skew bridge正桥right bridge上承式桥deck bridge中承式桥half-through bridge下承式桥through bridge梁桥beam bridge简支梁桥simple supported beambridge连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge联合梁桥composite beam bridge板桥slab bridge拱桥arch bridge双曲拱桥two-way curved arch bridge空腹拱桥open spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥filled spandrel arch bridge系杆拱桥bowstring arch bridge桁架桥truss bridge刚构桥rigid frame bridgeT 形刚构桥T-shaped rigid framebridge连续刚构桥continuous rigid framebridge斜腿刚构桥rigid frame bridge withinclined 1egs斜拉桥(斜张桥) cable stayed bridge悬索桥suspension bridge漫水桥submersible bridge浮桥pontoon bridge开启桥movable bridge装配式桥fabricated bridge装拆式钢桥fabricated steel bridge涵洞culvert管涵pipe culvert拱涵arch culvert箱涵box culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力式涵洞non-pressure culvert压力式涵洞pressure culvert半压力式涵洞partial pressure culvert倒虹吸涵siphon culvert上部结构superstructure主梁main beam横梁floor beam纵梁longitudinal beam，stringer挂梁suspended beam拱圈arch，ring拱上结构spandrel structure腹拱spandrel arch拱上侧墙spandrel wall桥面系floor system，bridge decking桥面铺装bridge deck pavement伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint桥面伸缩装置bridge floor expansionandcontraction installation平安带safety belt桥头搭板transition slab at bridge head下部结构substructure桥墩pier墩身pier body墩帽coping盖梁bent cap破冰体ice apron重力式桥墩gravity pier实体桥墩solid pier空心桥墩hollow pier柱式桥墩column pier排架桩墩pile bent pier柔性墩flexible pier制动墩braking pier单向推力墩single direction thrustedpier桥台abutment台身abutment body前墙front wall翼墙wing walls台帽coping锥坡conical slope耳墙wing wallsU 形桥台U-shaped abutment八字形桥台flare wing wall abutment一字形桥台head wall abutment，straight abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment扶壁式桥台counterforted abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkheadabutment支撑式桥台supported type abutment地基subsoil加固地基consolidated subsoil天然地基natural subsoil根底foundation扩大根底spread foundation沉井根底open caisson foundation管柱根底cylindrical shaft foundation桩根底pile foundation桩pile预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile承台bearing platform支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expansion bearing索塔cable bent tower索鞍cable saddle调治构造物regulating structure丁坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam桥位bridge site桥梁全长total length of bridge主桥main bridge引桥approach span跨径span桥涵计算跨径computed span桥涵净跨径clear span矢跨比rise span ratio计算矢高calculated rise of arch桥下净空clearance of span桥面净空clearance above bridge floor桥梁建筑高度construction height ofbridge荷载load永久荷载permanent load可变荷载variable load偶然荷载accidental load荷载组合loading combinations车辆荷载标准loading standard fordesign vehicle设计荷载design load施工荷载construction load梁beam简支梁simple-supported beam连续梁continuous beam悬臂梁cantilever beam板slab拱arch桁架truss刚构rigid frame柱column强度strength刚度stiffness，rigidity抗裂度crack resistance稳定性stability位移displacement变形deformation挠度deflection预拱度camber流域catchment basin集水面积runoff area径流runoff水文测验hydrological survey河床river bed河槽river channel主槽main channel边滩side shoal河滩rlood land河床宽度bed width河槽宽度channel width过水断面discharge section水位water level最高(或最低)水位maximum(minimum)water level通航水位navigable water level设计水位design water lever水面比降water surface slope河床比降gradient of river bed湿周weffed perimeter糙率coefficient of roughuess水力半径hydraulic radius水文计算hydrological computation 设计流量designed discharge设计流速designed flow velocity行近流速approach velocity洪水调查flood survey洪水频率flood frequency设计洪水频率designed flood frequency潮汐河流tidal river悬移质suspended load推移质bed material load水力计算hydraulic computation水头water head冲刷scour桥下一般冲刷general scour under bridge桥墩(或台)局部冲刷local scour near pier自然演变冲刷natural scour冲刷系数coefficient of scouring 淤积silting壅水back water流冰ice drift先张法pretensioning method后张法post-tensioning method缆索吊装法erection with cableway悬臂拼装法erection by protrusion悬臂浇筑法cast-in-place cantilevermethod移动支架逐跨施工法span by spanmethod纵向拖拉法erection by longitudinalpulling method顶推法incremental launching method转体架桥法construction by swing浮运架桥法erecting by floating顶入法jack-in method围堰cofferdam护筒pile casing隧道tunnel洞门tunnel portal衬砌tunnel lining明洞open cut tunnel围岩surrounding rork隧道建筑限界structural approachlimit of tunnels明挖法open cut method矿山法mine tunnelling method盾构法shield tunnelling method沉埋法(沉管法) immersed tunnel导坑heading隧道支撑tunnel support构件支撑element support喷锚支护lock bolt support withshotcrete隧道通风tunnel ventilation隧道照明tunnel lighting养护maintenance定期养护periodical maintenance巡回养护patrol maintenance大中修周期maintenance period小修保养routine maintenance中修intermediate maintenance大修heavy maintenance改善工程road inprovement抢修emergency repair of road加固strengthening of structure回砂sand sweeping罩面overlay of pavement路面翻修pavement recapping路向补强pavement strengthening车辙rutting路面搓板surface corrugation路面网裂net-shaped cracking路面龟裂alligator cracking路面碎裂pavement spalling反射裂缝reflection crack路面坑槽pot holes路面冻胀surface frost heave路面沉陷pavement depression路面滑溜surface slipperiness露骨surface angularity啃边edge failure泛油bleeding拥包upheaval拱胀blow up错台faulting of slab ends错位slab staggering滑坡slide坍方land slide崩塌collapse碎落debris avalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mud avalanche(振动)液化liquefaction翻浆frost boiling岩溶karst沙害sand hazard雪害snow hazard水毁washout好路率rate of good roads养护质量综合值general rating ofmaintenance quality路容road appearance路况road condition路况调查road condition survey路政管理rlad administration民工建勤civilian labourers workingon public project养路费toll of road maintenance养路道班maintenance gang粒料granular material集料(骨料) aggregate矿料mineral aggregate矿粉mineral powder砂sand砾石gravel砂砾sand gravel卵石cobble stone碎石broken stone，crushed stone片石rubble块石block stone料石dressed stone石屑chip工业废渣industrial solid waste结合料binder有机结合料organic binding agent沥青bitumen地沥青asphalt天然沥青natural asphalt石油沥青petroleum asphalt煤沥青coal tar乳化沥青emulsified bitumen氧化沥青oxidized asphalt路用沥青road bitumen无机结合料inorganic binding agent粉煤灰fly ash混合料mixture沥青混合料bituminous mixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminousconcrete mixture沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadammixture沥青砂asphalt sand沥青膏asphalt mastic水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥混凝土混合料cement concretemixture水泥混凝土cement concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力(钢筋)混凝土prestressedconcrete早强混凝土early strength concrete干硬性混凝土dry concrete贫混凝土lean concrete轻质混凝土light-weight concrete纤维混凝土fibrous concrete外掺剂admixture减水剂water reducing agent加气剂air entraining agent早强剂early strength agent缓凝剂retarder钢筋steel bar预应力钢材prestressing steel高强钢丝high tensile steel wire钢铰线stranded steel wire冷拉钢筋cold-stretched steel bar冷拔钢丝cold-drawn steel wire高强螺栓high strength bolt空隙率porosity孔隙比void ratio粒径grain size颗粒组成grain composition细度fineness筛分sieve analysis级配gradation级配曲线grading curve最正确级配optimum gradation含水量water content最正确含水量optimum water content稠度界限consistency limit液限liquid limit塑限plastic limit缩限shrinkage limit塑性指数plasticity index水泥标号cement mark水泥混凝土标号cement concrete mark水泥混凝土配合比proportioning of cement concrete水灰比water cement ratio和易性workability坍落度slump硬化hardening水硬性hydraulicity气硬性air hardening离析segregation徐变creep老化ageing(沥青)稠度consistency (of bitumen) 针入度penetration粘(滞)度viscosity软化点softening point延度ductility闪点flash point溶解度dissolubility热稳性hot stability水稳性water stability油石化asphalt-aggregate ratio含油率bitumen content压碎率rate of crushing磨耗度abrasiveness弹性模量modulus of elasticity回弹模量modulus of resilience劲度(模量) stiffness modulus模量比modulus ratio泊松比Poisson's ratio疲劳试验fatigue test劈裂试验splitting test三轴试验triaxial test 击实试验compaction test触探试验cone penetration test弯沉试验deflection test环道试验circular track test承载板试验loading plate test透水性试验perviousness test车辙试验wheel tracking test马歇尔试验Marshall stability test压实度试验compactness test铺砂法sand patch method硬练胶砂强度试验earth-dry mortarstrength-test软练胶砂强度试验plastic mortarstrength-test(水泥)安定性试验soundness test(ofcement)击实仪compaction test equipment长杆贯入仪penetration test equipment承载板loading plate杠杆弯沉仪beam lever deflectometer路面曲率半径测定仪surface-curvature apparatus路面平整度测定仪vlameter路面透水度测定仪surfacepermeameter五轮仪fifth-wheel tester制动仪skiddometer速度检测器speed detector万能试验机universal testing machine三轴(剪切)仪triaxial shear equipment加州承载比(CBR)测定仪Californiabearing ratio-tester标准筛standard sieves(沥青)针入度仪penetrometer(沥青)粘度仪viscosimeter(沥青)延度仪ductilometer(沥青)软化点仪(环—球法) softeningpoint tester(ring-ball method)闪点仪(开口杯式) flash pointtester(open cup method)马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stabilityapparatus(沥青混合料)抽提仪bitumen extractor砂浆稠度仪mortar penetration tester坍落度圆锥筒slump cone标准工业粘度计standard concreteconsisto-meter饱和面干吸水率试模saturated-surface-duied moistureretention tester撞击韧度试验机impact toughnessmachine圆盘耐磨硬度试验机wear hardnessmachine狄法尔磨耗试验机Deval abrasiontesting machine洛杉矶磨耗试验机Los Angelesabrasion testing- machine压碎率试模crushing strength tester单斗挖掘机single-bucket excavator推土机bulldozer除根机rootdozer铲运机scraper平地机grader挖沟机trencher耕耘机cultivator松土机ripper松土搅拌机pulvi-mixer稳定土拌和机stabilizer凿岩机rock breaker碎石机stone crusher碎石撒布机stone spreader装载机loader羊足压路机sheep-foot roller手扶式单轮压路机walk behind singledrum蛙式打夯机frog rammer内燃夯实机internal combustioncompactor铁夯(铁撞柱) tamping iron压路机roller振动压路机vibratory roller沥青加热器asphalt heater沥青泵asphalt pump沥青洒布机asphalt sprayer沥青洒布车asphalt distributor沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt mixingplant沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt paver散装水泥运输车cement deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料拌和设备concretemixing plant(水泥混凝土混合料)搅拌运输车concrete deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料摊铺机concretepaver振捣器concrete vibrator水泥混凝土混合料整面机concretefinisher真空泵vacuum pump水泥混凝土路面切缝机concrete Jointcutter水泥混凝土路面锯缝机concrete saw水泥混凝土路面清缝机concrete jointcleaner水泥混凝土路面填缝机concrete jointsealer水泵pump泥浆泵mud pump张拉钢筋油泵prestressed steel bardrawing oil pump砂浆泵mortar pump水泥混凝土混合料泵concrete pump钢筋切断机bar shear钢筋冷轧机cold-rolling mill钢筋冷拉机steel stretcher钢筋冷拔机steel bar cold-extrudingmachine钢筋冷镦机steel bar heading pressmachine钢筋拉伸机steel extension machine钢筋弯曲机steel bar bender钢筋调直机steel straighten machine对焊机butt welder钻孔机boring machine打桩机pile driver拔桩机pile extractor千斤顶jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶prestressedsteel bar drawing jack手拉葫芦chain block起重葫芦hoisting block卷扬机hoister缆索吊装设备cableway erectingequipment起重机crane架桥机bridge erection equipment砂筒sand cylinder盾构shield全气压盾构compressed air shield半盾构roof shield隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine全断面隧道掘进机tunnel boringmachine for full section喷枪shotcrete equipment：装碴机mucker盾构千斤顶main jack拉合千斤顶pull-in jacks复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphaltremixer路面铣削机pavemill回砂车sand sweeping equipment除雪机snow plough装雪机snow Loader洗净剂喷布车detergent spray truck清扫车sweeper洒水车water truck划标线机Line maker振动筛vibrating screen撒布机spreader输送机conveyer提升机elevator翻斗车dump-body car自卸汽车dumping wagon牵引车tow truck拖车头tractor truck挂车trailer平板车flat truck工程车shop truck万能杆件fabricated universal steel members交通规那么traffic rules交通事故traffic accident交通事故率traffic accident rate人口事故率population accident rate 车辆事故率vehicle accident rate运行事故率operating accident rate 交通控制traffic control中央控制台central control unit点控制spot control线控制line control面控制area control交通信号traffic signal交通信号灯traffic signal lamp信号周期signal cycle绿信比split ratio信号相位signal phase相位差phase difference绿波green wave交通监视系统traffic surveillance 交通公害vehicular pollution公司企业常见部门名称英文翻译总公司Head Office分公司Branch Office营业部Business Office人事部Personnel Department(人力资源部)Human Resources Department总务部General Affairs Department 财务部General Accounting Department销售部Sales Department促销部Sales Promotion Department国际部International Department出口部Export Department进口部Import Department公共关系Public Relations Department广告部Advertising Department企划部Planning Department产品开发部Product Development Department研发部Research and Development Department(R&D)秘书室Secretarial Pool 交通标志专用名词中英对照警告标志|| Warning sign禁令标志|| Prohibition sign指示标志|| Mandatory sign指路标志|| Guide sign旅游标志|| Tourist sign标线|| Marking禁止超越线|| No-passing line大型车|| Oversize vehicle小型车|| Light-duty vehicle自行车|| Bicycle非机动车|| Non-motor vehicle公共汽车|| Bus机动车|| Motor vehicle公共汽车优先|| Bus preemption，Bus priority行车道|| Roadway,carriageway超车道|| Overtaking lane硬路肩|| Hard shoulder国道|| National road省道|| Provincial road县道|| County road高速公路|| Expressway起点|| Starting point终点|| End point一般道路|| Ordinary road城市道路|| Urban road**街道|| * * street互通式立交|| * * interchange高架桥|| Viaduct隧道|| Tunnel收费站|| Toll station应急停车带|| Emergency stop area休息处|| Rest area效劳区|| Service area避车道|| Lay-by,Passing bay火车站|| Railway station飞机场|| Airport停车场|| Parking长途汽车站|| Inter-city bus station急救站|| First aid station客轮码头|| Passenger quay餐饮|| Restaurant汽修|| Breakdown service洗车|| Vehicle cleaning加油站|| Filling station|| Telephone轮渡|| Ferry爬坡车道|| Climbing lane追尾危险|| Rear-end collisiondanger保持车距|| Keep space道路交通信息|| Traffic information路面结冰|| Icy pavement小心路滑|| Slippery road be careful陡坡慢行|| Steepdescent,slow-down多雾路段|| Foggy section软基路段|| Weak subgrade大型车靠右|| Oversize vehicle toright注意横风|| Alert to cross wind事故多发点|| Blackspot保护动物|| Protect animal长下坡慢行|| Longdescent,slow-down道路封闭|| Road closed车道封闭|| Lane closed车辆慢行|| Slow down道路施工|| Road construction,Roadworks车辆绕行|| Vehicle by-pass方向引导|| Direction guide落石|| Falling rocks双向交通|| Two-way traffic其他危险|| Other dangers道路或车道变窄|| Carriagewaynarrows堤坝路|| Embankment road限制高度|| Limited height限制宽度|| Limited width禁鸣喇叭|| Silence(No audiblewarning)渡船|| Ferry boat此路不通|| No through road中英对照医学名词医学名词Medical Terminology过敏Allergy健康诊断Gernral Check-upPhysical Examination检查Examination入院Admission to Hospotial退院Discharge from Hospital病症Symptom营养Nutrition病例Clinical History诊断Diagnosis治疗Treatment预防Prevention呼吸Respiration便通Bowel Movement便Stool血液Blood脉搏Pulse, Pulsation尿Urine脉搏数Pulse Rate血型Blood Type血压Blood Pressure麻醉Anesthesia全身麻醉General Anesthesia静脉麻醉Intravenous Anesthesia脊椎麻醉Spinal Anesthesia局部麻醉Local Anesthesia手术Operation切除Resectionlie副作用Side Effect洗净Irrigation注射InjectionX光X-Ray红外线Ultra Red-Ray慢性的Chronic急性的Acute体格Build亲戚Relative遗传Heredity免疫Immunity血清Serum流行性的Epidemic潜伏期Incubation Period滤过性病毒Virus消毒Sterilization抗生素Antibiotic脑波E.E.G洗肠Enema结核反映Tuberculin Reaction华氏Fahrenheit摄氏Celsius, Centigrade中英对照商标术语世界贸易组织?WTO? WORLDTRADE ORGANIZATION关税及贸易总协定?GATT?GENERAL AGREEMENT ONTARIFFS AND TRADE亚太经济合作组织?APEC? ASIAPACIFIC ECONOMICCOOPERATION与贸易有关的知识产权协议?TRIPS?AGREEMENT ON TRADERELATED ASPECTS OFINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYRIGHTS世界知识产权组织?WIPO? WORLDINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYORGANIZATION保护知识产权联合国际局INTERNATIONAL BOARD OFINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYRIGHT保护工业产权巴黎公约PARISCONVENTION FOR THEPROTECTION OF INDUSTRIALPROPERTY商标国际注册马德里协定MADRID AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION OF MARKS商标注册条约?TRT? TRADE MARK REGISTRATION TREATY商标注册用商品与国际分类尼斯协定NICE AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF GOODS AND SERVICES FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE REGISTRATION OF MARKS建立商标图形要素国际分类维也纳协定VIENNA AGREEMENT FOR ESTABLISHING AND INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE FIGURATIVE ELEMENTS OF MARKS专利合作条约?PCT? PATENT CO－OPERATION TREATY共同体专利公约COMMUNITY 产PATENT CONVENTION斯特拉斯堡协定?SA? STRASBOURG AGREEMENT 工业外观设计国际保存海牙协定THE HAGUE AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL DEPOSIT OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS工业外观设计国际分类洛迦诺协定LOCARNO AGREEMENT ONESTABLISHING ANDINTERNATIONALCLASSIFICATION FORINDUSTRIAL DESIGNS商标，外观设计与地理标记法律常设委员会〔SCT〕STANDINGCOMMITTEE ON THE LAWOF TRADEMARKS，INDUSTRIALDESIGN ANDGEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION国际专利文献中心?INPADOC?INTERNATIONAL PATENTDOCUMENTATION CENTER欧洲专利局?EPO? EUROPEANPATENT OFFICE欧洲专利公约EUROPEANPATENT CONVENTION比荷卢商标局TRADE MARKOFFICE OF BELGIUM－HOLLAND－LUXEMBURG法语非洲知识产权组织ORGANIZATION OF AFRICANINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY国际商标协会THEINTERNATIONAL TRADEMARKASSOCIATION中华人民共和国商标法TRADEMARK LAW OF THEPEOPLES REPUBLIC OFCHINA英国商标法TRADEMARKLAW OF UNITED KINGDOMOF GREAT BRITAIN ANDNORTHERN IRELAND美国商标法TRADEMARKLAW OF THE UNITEDSTATES OF AMERICA日本商标法JAPANESETRADEMARK LAW商标TRADE MARK商标局TRADE MARKOFFICCE商标法TRADEMARK LAW文字商标WORD MARK图形商标FIGURATIVEMARK组合商标ASSOCIATEDMARK保证商标CERTIFICATIONMARK集体商标COLLECTIVEMARK著名商标WELL－KNOWNMARK著名商标FAMOUYS MARK近似商标SIMILAR MARK防御商标DEFENSIVEMARK效劳标记SERVICE MARK注册商标REGISTEREDMARK商标注册申请人TRADEMARK REGISTRANT注册申请日APPLICATIONDATE OF TRADE MARK注册申请号APPLICATIONNUMBER商标注册证TRADE MARKREGISTRATION CERTIFICATE商标注册号TRADE MARKREGISTRATION NUMBER商标注册日TRADE MARKREGISTRATION DATE商标注册簿TRADE MARKREGISTERED BOOK注册有效期THE TERM OFVALIDITY商标注册官EXAMINATIONFOR TRADE MARKREGISTRATION注册查询TRADE MARKENQUIRIES注册续展RENEWAL OFTRADE MARK分别申请SEPARATEAPPLICATION重新申请NEWREGISTRATION别行申请NEWAPPLICATION变更申请APPLICATIONREGARDING CHANGES注册代理TRADE MARKAGENCY注册公告TRADE MARKPUBLICATION申请注册APPLICATION FORREGISTRATION续展注册RENEWAL OFREGISTRATION转让注册REGISTRATIONOF ASSIGNMENT变更注册人名义／地址／其它注册事项MODIFICATION OFNAME／ADDRESS OFREGISTRANT／OTHERMATTERS补发商标证书REISSUANCEOF REGISTRATIONCERTIFICATE注销注册商标REMOVAL证明CERTIFICATION异议OPPOSITION使用许可合同备案RECORDALOF LICENSE CONTRACT驳回商标复审REVIEW OFREFUSED TRADEMARK驳回续展复审REVIEW OFREFUSED RENEWAL驳回转让复审REVIEW OFREFUSED ASSIGNMENT撤销商标复审REVIEW OFADJUDICATION ONOPPOSITION异议复审REVIEW OFADJUDICATION ONOPPOSITION争议裁定ADJUDICATIONON DISPUTED REGISTEREDTRADEMARK撤销注册不当裁定ADJUDICATION ONCANCELLATION OFIMPROPERLY REGISTEREDTRADEMARK撤销注册不当复审REVIEWON CANCELLATION OFIMPROPERLY REGISTEREDTRADEMARK处理商标纠纷案件DEALINGWITH INFRINGEMENT优先权PRIORITY注册申请优先日DATE OFPRIORITY注册商标使用人USER OFREGISTERED TRADE MARK注册商标专用权EXCLUSIVERIGHT TO USE REGISTEREDTRADE MARK注册商标的转让ASSIGNMENTOF REGISTERED TRADEMARK商标的许可使用LICENSINGOF REGISTERED TRADEMARK使用在先原那么PRINCIPLEOF FIRST TO USE注册在先原那么PRINCIPLEOF FIRST APPLICATION商标国际分类INTERNATIONALCLASSIFICATION OF GOODS专利PATENT专利权PATENT RIGHT专利权人PATENTEE专利代理PATENT AGENCY产品专利PRODUCTPATENT。

公路工程专业知识

公路工程专业知识
公路工程是指规划、设计、建设和维护公路系统的工程领域。

以下是公路工程中一些常见的专业知识：
1. 土木工程原理：包括土力学、结构力学、材料力学等基本原理，用于土地改造、路基设计和路面结构设计等。

2. 公路规划：包括交通需求分析、道路网设计、交通流量预测、交通模拟等，用于确定道路规划方案和交通网络布局。

3. 设计标准和规范：了解国家或地区的公路设计标准和规范，例如设计车速、曲线半径、超高限制等，确保设计合乎要求和安全性。

4. 路面结构设计：了解不同类型的路面结构，包括路基、基层、面层的组成和材料选用，以提供稳定、耐久的路面。

5. 交通工程：了解交通流理论、交通信号灯设计、交通安全和交通管理等，用于优化交通流动、提高道路安全性和交通效率。

6. 施工技术：了解公路施工中的各种工程技术，包括挖掘、填土、路面铺设、桥梁建设等，以确保施工质量和进度。

7. 公路养护与管理：了解公路维护与管理的理论和实践。

包括路面养护、路肩管理、交通设施管理等，以延长公路设施寿命和提高运行效率。

8. 环境影响评价：了解公路建设对环境的潜在影响，同时学习环境保护和资金可持续性。

这只是公路工程专业知识的一部分，这个领域非常广泛，涉及到许多不同的专业技术和领域。

如果您对公路工程有特定的问题或感兴趣的方向，请提供更具体的信息，我将尽力提供相关的知识和帮助。