影响力从语言开始(课后习题)2018

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2018年《语言学概论》阶段练习题及参考 答案(导言、第一、二章)

2018年《语言学概论》阶段练习题及参考 答案(导言、第一、二章)

2018年《语言学概论》阶段练习题及参考答案(导言、第一、二章)一、填空题:(每空1分,共20分)1、我国传统语文学中的“小学”,包括__________、__________、__________三部分。

2、在19世纪逐步发展和完善起来的__________语言学,标志着语言学走上了独立发展的道路。

3、一种语言的句子数量是无限的,但无限的句子中却包含着__________的词和为数不多的规则。

4、人类的交际工具分__________的交际工具和身势等非语言的交际工具。

5、语言是一种特殊的社会现象的含义是,语言具有__________,没有阶级性。

6、任何符号都包括形式和意义两个方面,语言符号的形式是__________。

7、语言符号音和义之间的结合是社会成员__________的,它们之间没有必然的联系。

8、语言是一种__________装置,这种装置靠__________和替换来运转。

9、语言的底层是一套__________,上层是__________的符号和__________。

10、语言符号具有__________和__________的特点。

11、语言系统中的所有符号,既可以同别的符号组合,又可以被别的符号替换,符号之间的这两种关系就是__________关系和__________关系。

12、人类的语言能力具体表现为__________的能力和__________的能力。

二、判断正误:(每小题1分,共20分。

正确的在题后括号内打√,错误的请打×)1、我国古代的书面语叫文言文。

()2、埃及是语言学的三大发源地之一。

()3、布龙菲尔德是美国结构主义语言学代表人物之一,其代表著作为《普通语言学教程》。

()4、从理论上来说,句子的长度是可以无限的。

()5、语言是在文字基础之上产生的人类最重要的交际工具。

()6、语言和说话的关系是一般和个别的关系。

()7、文字始终是从属于语言的。

()8、在一定的条件下,身势等伴随动作也可以脱离语言而独立完成一些交际任务。

2018年高考语文一轮复习 专题16 语言运用之衔接(练)(含解析)

2018年高考语文一轮复习 专题16 语言运用之衔接(练)(含解析)

专题16:语言运用之衔接【基础训练】1.(17届四川省泸州市高三三诊)依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一组是网络信息良莠不齐,,,,。

,虽无需这样皓首穷经,却需要在纷繁复杂的冗余信息中“利善其身”,做好组织规划和内容筛选。

①古人读书学习,讲求“发愤忘食,乐以忘忧,不知老之将至”②因此理性选择一些质量较高的信源③白白耗费时间精力④资讯时代的碎片化阅读⑤往往读过才能判断是否是垃圾信息⑥然后专心阅读十分重要A.②⑥④⑤③①B.⑤③②⑥①④C.⑤③④①②⑥D.②⑥①④③⑤【答案】B2.(17届广西南宁市高三第二次模拟)依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一组是新近出炉的丽江古城整改方案可谓无所不包,此前被提及的所有“问题”几乎都在其中给出了回应。

,。

,,。

为破此局,丽江政府唯有以破釜沉舟的勇毅猛药去疴。

①长久以来,在丽江,败坏了的规则和道德②俨然构成了一个难解的整体性恶性循环③治理这种整体性的病变,自然绝非朝夕之功④事实上,这份景区整改方案,已然超越了“旅游业”的范畴⑤与丑闻频现的旅游业互为表里、互为因果⑥涉及地方治安、营商生态、市场秩序等更为基础的层面A.①⑤②④⑥③B.④⑥②①⑤③C.①⑤④⑥②③D.④⑥①⑤②③【答案】D【解析】试题分析:语句衔接的题目是课标卷必考的题目,有时是排序,有时是填写衔接句,有时选用关联词语,排序的题目主要从陈述对象的转换、关联词语的呼应、指代性词语的指代意义、和上下文的顺序照应、和空格前后的衔接等角度分析。

填写衔接句主要从陈述对象的一致,虚词的运用,句式选用、情感基调、前后的逻辑顺序和音韵的和谐的角度选取。

选用关联词语注意分析前后语句之间的关系,此题属于排序的形式,答题时首先从上述的角度找到1——2组紧密衔接的句子,据此初步得到答案,然后把答案带回原文进行进一步的检验。

3.(17届四川省达州市高三第二次诊断性测试)下列各项中,语意衔接最恰当的一组是什么是真正的教育?德国两百年前的教育宣言曾经如此说道:教育的目的,,,,,,,作出有意义的选择。

语用答案完整版

语用答案完整版

一、填空1、20世纪和19世纪语言理论的一个发展时期19世纪和20世纪是语言理论及语言教学理论研究最为活跃的时期,历史比较语言学,结构主义语言学,转换生成语言学,功能语言学和认知语言学相继成为语言理论的主流。

与此同时,在第二语言教学实践中,人们也开始了对第二语言教学理论的不断研究和探索,寻求有效的第二语言教学方法。

2、塞林格的中介语五个中心过程的心理机制语言迁移、由训练造成的迁移、目的语语言材料的泛化、第二语言学习策略以及第二语言交际策略3、言语社团和语言态度言语社团:人文组成一个言语社团,不仅因为它们具有一定程度上的相似语言表现,更重要的是它们具有基本一致的语言态度,它们对某种语言有一种认同心理。

语言态度:人们对语言或语言变体所持的价值评判或情感行为态度的评判。

影响因素①方言的社会地位②使用方言在实际生活中的必要性③语言感情倾向4、互动调整怎么为学习者提供可理解输入母语者-母语者与母语者-非母语者在语言输入形式的调整上没有差异,而在话语结构和功能的调整上存在重要的差别。

当母语者-非母语者交际遇到困难时,双方更多地采取诸如重复、确认、理解检查、请求澄清等话语策略。

5、海姆斯的交际能力一是语法性,即合乎语法。

二是可接受性,即在文化上的可行性,在情况中的得体性和现实性。

海姆斯肯定了乔姆斯基关于语言学能力和语言表达的区分,指出了所谓理想的说话者和听话者的弱点,即脱离社会文化环境。

海的理论为功能法或功能主义语言学的建立,奠定了理论基础。

6、偏误分析的类型(形式特征):误加、遗漏、误代、错序、杂糅(偏误产生的方式——杜雷、伯特的观点):省略、附加、类推、错序7、第二语言习得竞争模式(形式和功能映射)8、一语习得和二语习得早期阶段的共同特点:沉默期、使用程式语、简化语法结构、简化语义9、应用语言学的调查、方法:选择课题、提出假设、制定调查大纲、确定研究范围和调查对象、实施调查搜集资料、资料整理与分析。

研究的调查是指收集和考察语言事实、语言使用者、语言使用环境等材料,调查就是要收集材料,尤其是第一手材料。

2018高考复习语言连贯题

2018高考复习语言连贯题

语文练习1. (2018 •江苏)在下面一段文字横线处填入语句,衔接最恰当的一项是()“理性经济人”,把利己看作人的天性,只追求个人利益的最大化,这是西方经济学的基本假设之一。

_________ ,__________ 。

________ ,_________ ,__________ ,_________ ,更倾向于暂时获得产品或服务,或与他人分享产品或服务。

使用但不占有,是分享经济最简洁的表述。

①反而更多地采取一种合作分享的思维方式②不再注重购买、拥有产品或服务③但在分享经济这一催化剂的作用下④人们不再把所有权看作获得产品的最佳方式⑤在新兴的互联网平台上⑥这个利己主义的假设发生了变化A. ③⑥⑤①④②B.③⑥⑤④②①C.⑤⑥③①④②D.⑤⑥③④②①2. (2018?浙江)在下面一段文字横线处补写恰当的语句,使整段文字语意完整连贯,内容贴切,逻辑严密。

每处不超过15个字。

植物的生长与光合作用、呼吸作用及蒸腾作用有关, ___ —,所以温度直接影响植物的生长。

温度的变化,既影响植物吸收肥料的程度,也影响植物的新陈代谢过程,—,都会使植物新陈代谢的酶活性发生变化,只有适宜的温度才能使新陈代谢达到最佳状态,利于植物的快速成长。

据研究,_________________________________ 即根、冠、叶的温度都有差异,而根温对植物的生长影响最直接。

3. (2018?卷川)阅读下面的文字,完成小题。

除了人会为了理想奔波迁徒以外,很多动物也有着自己 _____________________ _____ 的迁徒盛举, 冬季来临,天气寒冷,食物短缺,很多动物选择集体逃离,待到春暖花开、万物复苏再一起回来。

动物迁徙是有确定路线的。

它们对驻地有着自己的坚守和执着,而不是_____________________ 。

对于动物究竟如何确定自己的迁徙路线,科学家一直都充满好奇。

有科学家认为,迁徙动物都有独特的“助航设施”,它们通过海岸线等作为参照,利用特殊的嗅觉和听觉等获得方向,也有科学家认为,迁徒动物身体中存在磁受体,可以感应地球磁场,它们有自己的生物指南针,更有趣的是,又有科学家发现即使是室内饲养的,从未接触过其他同伴的年轻乌鸦,也会沿着祖辈飞过的路线进行迁徙,也就是说,(),它们天生就知道去哪里寻找温暖的地方过冬。

2018-2019学年高中一轮复习语文通用版讲义:板块三 专题三 语言表达连贯(选择题) Word版含答案

2018-2019学年高中一轮复习语文通用版讲义:板块三 专题三 语言表达连贯(选择题) Word版含答案

专题三|语言表达连贯(选择题)语言表达连贯是高考常考却不时变换考查形式的一个考点。

纵观近几年的高考试题,考查形式有词语复位式、句子复位式和句子排序式等。

其中词语复位式是2016年高考出现的新题型。

一、词语复位题——解题4步骤[解题技法][典例示范](2016·全国卷Ⅲ)填入下面文段空白处的词语,最恰当的一组是(3分)()有的人在填报高考志愿时选报热门专业,理由是能学以致用,__①__是一种误解。

学以致用的真正含义是将学到的知识用于实践,__②__不是看什么东西有用才决定去学。

屏弃功利性__③__使人抱着乐观的态度去学习;__④__有用才去学习会使人产生心理负担,__⑤__总要担心以后会不会真的有用。

抱着功利之心去挑选专业,往往会牺牲自己真正的兴趣,__⑥__毕业后谋到了不错的职位,也不一定就工作得很开心。

[[技法演示]本题通过选填关联词的形式考查了语言表达的连贯能力。

解答这个题目时,可以运用以下“四步法”。

1.填入下面文段空白处的词语,最恰当的一组是()就承诺而言,__①__千金一诺最为沉重,__②__空口无凭又最为虚泛,观其行径还要等待漫漫时间的印证,__③__,“信”在外化体现方面,__④__产生了一种加固信任的仪式。

仪式也并不复杂,中国的印章,__⑤__是一种仪式化的凭信。

对于一国来讲,国之玉玺,郑重一落,就印盖出了国家信誉;__⑥__对于个人来讲,名章为凭,红印一盖,就代表着本人信誉。

解析:选A第一步,读文段,通大意,分清层次读文段后可知其主要讲的是“信”的问题,一个人乃至一个国家都要做到“一诺千金”。

大致可以化作这样几层:(1)承诺很重要;(2)空口无凭,产生了仪式和印章;(3)一个人和国家要重“信”。

第二步,依层次,析关系,推测选词如第二个空格后面是“空口无凭”,与上文语意发生了转折,因此第二个空格可尝试填入“但”或“可是”;第三个空格前后有因果关系,可尝试填入“所以”“因此”“因而”,等等。

语言学课后习题答案

语言学课后习题答案

语言学课后习题答案语言学课后习题答案第5章1. (1) The naming theory proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato. According to this theory, the linguistic forms or symbols, in other words, the words used in a language are simply labels of the objects they stand for. So words are just names or labels for things.(2) The conceptualist view has been held by some philosophers and linguists from ancient times. This view holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to (i.e., between language and the real world); rather, in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind.(3) The contextualist view held that meaning should be studied in terms of situation, use, context ––elements closely linked with language behaviour. The representative of this approach was J.R. Firth, famous British linguist.(4) Behaviorists attempted to define the meaning of a language form as the ―situation in whi ch the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.‖ This theory, somewhat close to contextualism, is linked with psychological interest.2. The major types of synonyms are dialectal synonyms, stylistic synonyms, emotive or evaluative synonyms, collocational synonyms, and semantically different synonyms.3. (1) Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form, i.e., different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.When two words are identical in sound, they are homophones.When two words are identical in spelling, they are homographs.When two words are identical in both sound and spelling, they are complete homonyms (2) While different words may have the same or similar meaning, the same one word may have more than one meaning. This is what we call polysemy, and such a word is called a polysemic word. There are many polysemicwords in English, The fact is the more commonly used a word is, the more likely it has acquired more than one meaning.(3) Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word. The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordinate, and the more specific words are called its hyponyms. Hyponyms of the same superordinate are co-hyponyms to each other. Hyponymy is a relation of inclusion; in terms of meaning, the superordinate includes all its hyponyms.4. They can be gradable antonyms, complementary antonyms and relational oppositeGradable antonyms: wide /narrow poor/richComplementary antonyms: vacant/occupied literate/illiterateRelational opposite: north/south, doctor/patient, father/daughter, above/below5. ―Tom's wife is pregnant‖ presupposes ―Tom has a wife.‖―My sister will soon be divorced‖ presupposes ―My sister is a married woman.‖―He likes seafood‖ is entailed by ―He likes crabs.‖―They are going to have another baby‖ presupposes ―Theyhave a child.‖6.They both base on the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components.7.7.Grammaticality refers to the grammatical well-formedness of a sentence. The violation of the selectional restrictions, i.e., constrains on what lexical items can go with what others, might make a grammatically meaningless.8.8. MAN, ICE-CREAM (SELL)BABY (SLEEP)(SNOW)TREE (GROW)第6章1. Generally speaking, pragmatics is the study of meaning in the context. It studies meaning in a dynamic way and as a process. In order to have a successful communication, the speaker and hearer must take the context into their consideration so as to affect the right meaning and intention. The development and establishment pragmatics in 1960s and 1970s resulted mainly from the expansion of the study semantics. However, it is different from the traditional semantics. The major difference between them lies in that pragmatics studies meaning in a dynamic way, while semantics studies meaning in a static way. Pragmatics takes context into consideration while semantics does not. Pragmatics takes care of the aspect of meaning that is not accounted for by semantics.2. The notion of context is essential to the pragmatic study of language. It is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer. Variouscontinents of shared knowledge have been identified, e.g. knowledge of the language they use, knowledge of what has been said before, knowledge about the world in general, knowledge about the specific situation in which linguistic communication is taking place, and knowledge about each other. Context determines the speaker's use of language and also the heater's interpretation of what is said to him.3. A sentence is a grammatical concept, and the meaning ofa sentence is often studied as the abstract, intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of predication. But if we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes an utterance, and it should be considered in the situation in which it is actually uttered (or used). So it is impossi ble to tell if ―The dog is barking‖ is a sentence or an utterance. It can be either. It all depends on how we look at it and how we are going to analyze it. If we take it as a grammatical unit and consider it as a self-contained unit in isolation from context, then we are treating it as a sentence. If we take it as something a speaker utters in a certain situation with a certain purpose, then we are treating it as an utterance.5.According to Austin's new model, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: locutionary act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act. A locutionary act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology. An illocutionary act is the act of ex pressing the speaker’s intention;it is the act performed in saying something. A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by theutterance; it is the act performed by saying something.6.6. (1) representatives: stating or describing, saying what the speaker believes to be true(2) directives: trying to get the hearer to do something(3) commissives: committing the speaker himself to some future course of action(4) expressives: expressing feelings or attitude towards an existing(5) declarations: bringing about immediate changes by saying somethingThe illocutionary point of the representatives is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said, in other words, when performing an illocutionary act of representative, the speaker is making a statement or giving a description which he himself believes to be true. Stating, believing, sweating, hypothesizing are among the most typical of the representatives.Directives ate attempts by the speaker to get the hearer to do some- thing. Inviting, suggesting, requesting, advising, wanting, threatening and ordering are all specific instances of this class.Commissives are those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action, i.e. when speaking the speaker puts himself under a certain obligation. Promising, undertaking, vowing are the most typical ones.The illocutionary point of expressives is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance. The speaker is expressing his feelings or attitudes towards an existing state of affairs, e.g. apologizing, thanking, congratulating.The last class ―declarations‖ h as the chara cteristic that the successful performance of an act of this type brings about the correspondence between what is said and reality.7. Cooperative Principle, abbreviated as CP. It goes as follows: Make your conversational contribution such as required at the stage at which it occurs by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.To be more specific, there are four maxims under this general principle:(1) The maxim of quantity(2) The maxim of quality(3) The maxim of relation(4) The maxim of manner第7章1. a. size (< old French) b. skill (< old Norse) c. royal (< old French < Latin)d.ranch (<spanish<french)< bdsfid="117" p=""></spanish<french)<>e.robot (<czech<=""></czechf. potato (< Spanish < Taino)g. astronaut (< French)h. emerald (< Middle English & old French) i. pagoda (< Persian < Sanskrit)j. khaki (< Hindi <="" <="" bay="" bdsfid="124" bull(botany="" bulldoze="" english)="" german)<="" hoodlum="" k.="" l.="" old="" p="" slang)="">3. In modern English, these lines are more likely written as:King: Where is Pelonius?Hamlet: In heaven, send to see there. If your messenger cannot find him there, yourself seek him at the other place. Butindeed, if you cannot find him within this month, you shall notice him as you go up the stairs into the lobby.4. The statement means that when necessary, people will make use of available uses even if there is no writers' efforts.5. Keep the door closed.第8章1. There are many indications of the inter-relationship between language and society. One of them is that while language is principally used to communicate meaning, it is also used to establish and maintain social relationships. This social function of language is embodied in the use of such utterances as ―Good morning!‖, ―Hi!‖, ―How's your family?‖, ―Nice day today, isn't it?‖Another indication is that users of the same language in a sense all speak differently. The kind of language each of them chooses to use is in part determined by his social background. And language, in its turn, reveals information about its speaker. When we speak, we cannot avoid giving clues to our listeners about ourselves.Then to some extent, language, especially the structure of its lexicon, reflects both the physical and the social environments of a society. For example while there is only one word in English for ―snow‖, there are several in Eskimo. This is a reflection of the need for the Eskimos to make distinctions between various kinds of snow in their snowy living environment.As a social phenomenon language is closely related to the structure of the society in which it is used, and the evaluation ofa linguistic form is entirely social.2.To a linguist, all language forms and accents are equally good as far as they can fulfill the communicative functions they are expected to fulfill. Therefore, judgments concerning thecorrectness and purity of linguistic varieties are social rather than linguistic. A case in point is the use of thepostvocalic [r]. While in English accents without postvocalic [r] are considered to be more correct than accents with it, in New York city, accents with postvocalic [r] enjoys more prestige and are considered more correct than without it.3.3.The main social dialects discussed in this chapter are regional dialect, sociolect, gender and age. Idiolect is a personal dialect, of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. These factors jointly determine the way he/she talks. While the language system provides all its users with the same set of potentials, the realization of these potentials is individualized bya number of social factors, resulting in idiolects.4.4. First of all, the standard dialect is based on a selected variety of the language, usually it is the local speech of an area which is considered the nation's political and commercial center. Second, the standard dialect is not dialect a child acquires naturally like his regional dialect. It is a superimposed variety; it is a variety imposed from above over the range of regional dialects. Then the standard dialect has some special functions. Also designated as the official or national language of a country, the standard dialect is used for such official purposes as government documents, education, news reporting; it is the language used on any formal occasions.5. According to Halliday, ―Language varies as its function varies; it differs in different situations.‖ The type of langua ge which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is aregister. Halliday further distinguishes three social variables that determine the register: field of discourse, tenor of discourse, and mode of discourse.For example, a lecture on linguistics could be identified asField: scientific (linguistic)Tenor: teacher — students (formal, polite)Mode: oral (academic lecturing)6. A prominent phonological feature of Black English is the simplification of consonant clusters at the end of a word. According to this consonant deletion rule, the final-position consonants are often deleted; thus ―passed‖ is pronounced [pa:s], mend [men], desk [des].A syntactic feature of Black English that has often been cited to show its illogicality is the deletion of t he link verb ―be‖. In Black English we frequently come across sentences without the copula verb: ―They mine‖, ―You crazy‖, ―Her hands cold‖, and ―That house big‖. Another syntactic feature of Black English that has been the target of attack is the use of double negation constructions, e.g. He don't know nothing.7.Pidgins arose from a blending of several languages such as Chinese dialects and English, African dialects and French. Usually a European language serves as the basis of the pidgin in the sense that some of its grammar and vocabulary is derived from the European language used by traders and missionaries. Pidgins typically have a limited vocabulary and a very reduced grammatical structure characterized by the loss of inflections, gender end case.8.8. Bilingualism refers to the situation that in some speech communities, two languages are used side by side with eachhaving a different role to play; and language switching occurs when the situation changes. But instead of two different languages, in a diglossic situation two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the community, with each having a definite role to play. The two languages of bilingualism and the two varieties of diglossia each has different role to play as situation changes.第9章1. The relation between language and culture is dialectical. Every language is part of a culture. As such, it cannot but serve and reflect cultural needs. Within tile broad limits set by the specific needs of a culture, a language is free to make arbitrary selections of signified. That is to say, language is not a passive reflector of culture. Even assuming that culture is in many cases the first cause in the language-culture relationship, language as the effect in the first link of the causal chain will in turn be the cause in the next link, reinforcing and preserving beliefs and customs and conditioning their future course.We can find similar relationship between local dialect and regional culture. For example, in China, there are many local dialects and many regional operas. Those regional operas can only be performed in the local dialects; meanwhile those regional operas are part of local cultures.2.The studies have shed new light on our understanding of the hypothesis: people tend to sort out and distinguish experiences differently according to the semantic categories provided by theirdifferent codes. For example, English-speaking culture teaches its people to name what is practical, useful and important. In a general sense, the important things take on specific nameswhile the less important things have general names that must be modified through additional words to become specific. A good illustration of this point is the word snow in Eskimo and English.4.I find it is very important to learn its culture when learninga foreign language. A typical example of these is that when greeting acquaintances, we tend to say "Have you eaten?", which will cause misunderstanding to a foreigner.5.Linguistic imperialism is closely related to cultural imperialism. Linguistic imperialism is a kind of linguicism which can be defined as the promulgation of global ideologies through the world-wide expansion of one language. With the monopoly of one language over others, its accompanied ideologies, structures and practices will be a potential threat to the individual cultural identity and cultural integrity. From this, we can know that linguistic imperialism is something worth consideration.6. a) 无情逼索全部债务;合法但极不合理的要求。

近年高考语文大复习 第1部分 语言文字运用 第2章 语言表达和运用 考点6 图文转换专项限时练(2

江苏省2018高考语文大一轮复习第1部分语言文字运用第2章语言表达和运用考点6 图文转换专项限时练编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(江苏省2018高考语文大一轮复习第1部分语言文字运用第2章语言表达和运用考点6 图文转换专项限时练)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步,以下为江苏省2018高考语文大一轮复习第1部分语言文字运用第2章语言表达和运用考点6 图文转换专项限时练的全部内容。

图文转换(建议用时:30分钟)一、选择题1.下图是2003-2011年间的国内汽油与国际原油价格表,粗线代表国内油价变化情况,细线代表国际油价变化情况。

下列对该表分析不正确的一项是()A.从价格的总体水平来看,国内油价要高于国际油价。

B.从价格的变化幅度来看,国内油价变化幅度要小于国际油价变化幅度.C.从价格的同步性来看,国内油价与国际油价的涨跌基本同步。

D.从价格的变化轨迹来看,国内油价与国际油价的差距在持续拉大。

D[本题考查语言表达准确的能力。

解答图表题关键在于看懂图示的含意,并和选项对照,吻合度高的就是正确的,吻合度较低甚至明显抵牾的就是不当的。

从图表中可以看出,两条曲线有些部分重合或接近,即国内油价与国际油价有时相同或相近,因此D项说“差距在持续拉大”明显错误。

]2.对下面两张问卷调查统计表的理解,有误的一项是()(1)您希望开设礼仪教育的课程吗?对象学生市民选项①非常希望19.08%11.90%②希望68。

79%59.52%③不希望5。

20%5。

96%④无所谓6。

93%22.62%(2对象学生市民选项①家庭20。

23%22.62%②学校9。

2018最新试题资料-语言是人类最重要的交际工具课堂达标测试试题及答案

语言是人类最重要的交际工具课堂达标测试试题及答案语言是人类最重要的交际工具堂达标测试试题及答案语言是人类最重要的交际工具堂达标测试试题及答案5 7 修辞是一个选择过程8 语言是人类最重要的交际工具一、基础部分(10分,每小题2分)1下列词语中加点字的读音,全都相同的一组是()A恰当档案荡漾安步当车 B曲解曲目屈从曲突徙薪c舍弃舍利摄取退避三舍 D便宜便笺蹁跹便宜行事答案A2下列各句中,标点符号有错误的一句是()A虽然是满月,天上却有一层淡淡的云,所以不能朗照;但我以为这恰是到了好处——酣眠固不可少,小睡也别有风味的。

B最出色的要数“林教头风雪神庙”,写那纷纷扬扬的漫天大雪,只一句“那雪正下得紧。

”c但我们没有人根据了“礼尚往”的仪节,说道拿!D她不是“苟活到现在的我”的学生,是为了中国而死的中国的青年。

答案B3下列各句中,加点成语使用恰当的一句是()A小说里的情节变幻莫测,出神入化,着实吸引了不少读者。

B多利是基因工程的象征,它所能带给人类的巨大利益可以说是难以想象的,本仅能举其初露端倪者。

c他的演说不仅内容充实,而且闪烁其词,全场观众无不为之动容。

D我们不应妄自菲薄自己的成绩,也不应轻易满足自己的成绩。

答案B(A“出神入化”形容技艺达到了绝妙的境界。

修饰不当。

c“闪烁其词”形容说话吞吞吐吐,躲躲闪闪。

不合意。

D“妄自菲薄”指过分地看轻自己。

不能带宾语。

)4依次填入下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是()(1)这次抢购风潮得迅猛,波及面广,其原因__________很多,比如媒体披露真相滞后,少数商家乘机利用等,但归根结底,最主要的原因是群众性的盲目跟风。

(2)今年我省高等院校录取85万人,可使全省高考录取率__________与去年持平。

(3)姜还是老的辣,这个人那么难缠,__________叫你给说服了。

A当然大致毕竟 B固然大致到底c固然大概毕竟 D当然大概到底答案A5下列句子没有语病、表意明确的一句是()A在诺贝尔共计六句话的自传中,“唯一愿望不要被人活埋”这句话,最值得人们深思和回味。

2018届语言表达的连贯(句子的衔接)


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命题形式二 语句复位题(选用句式)
语句复位题指根据所提供的语境,选择与语境最相符、 与上下文衔接最连贯的一句话。就是将某一语段(或复句) 中的某一句(或某几句)抽出,另设几种与之相近的答案, 让考生从中选出原句。语句复位题一般是定位选句,解 答这类试题是有规律可循的,可以采用“六大思考角度” 法:
22
[解析] 要注意分析句间的关系和前后关联词的搭配。第 ①处是表示后面情况发生的条件,应填写“只要”;第②处 是结果,无需关联词语;第③处是表示更进一步,应填写表 示递进的关联词语;第④处紧承上文说还会出现许多后果, 前后句之间应为并列关系;第⑤处和第⑥处构成转折关系。
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A 2.填入下面文段空白处的词语,最恰当的一组是(
A.即使现有汽车不作任何改造,其尾气中相关污染物的排放也能
减少10%
B.汽车尾气中相关污染物的排放就可减少10%,现有汽车的改造
并不是必须的
C.再加上对现有汽车进行改造,其尾气中相关污染物的排放就将
减少10%以上
D.不管是否改造现有汽车,其尾气中的相关污染物排放都将减少
10%
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解析:本题考查语言表达连贯的能力。整个语段叙述的中心是尾 气排放量对空气质量的影响,“使用符合新标准的汽油和柴 油”、提升“成品油质量”都是为了降低尾气排放量。所以,要 填写的句子的叙述重点也应该落到尾气排放量上。B项叙述重点 是“汽车的改造”;C项中的“再加上对现有汽车进行改造”与 原文中“只要使用……和柴油”矛盾;D项“不管……都……” 句式,不如A项的“即使……也……”语句强烈,更能显示出后 文“加快推进成品油质量升级”的迫切性,所以A项更恰当。

汉语言写作课后习题答案

汉语言写作课后习题答案汉语言写作课后习题答案随着中国的崛起,汉语言在世界范围内的影响力不断增强。

因此,学习汉语成为了越来越多人的选择。

而汉语写作作为汉语学习的重要一环,对于提高汉语水平和表达能力至关重要。

下面将为大家提供一些汉语言写作课后习题的答案,希望能够帮助大家更好地掌握汉语写作技巧。

一、改错题1. 原句:他是一个非常聪明和勤奋的学生。

改正:他是一个非常聪明且勤奋的学生。

2. 原句:我每天都会读书或看电视。

改正:我每天既读书又看电视。

3. 原句:这个问题对于我们来说是非常重要的。

改正:对于我们来说,这个问题是非常重要的。

二、写作题作文题:请写一篇关于环境保护的短文,谈谈你对环境保护的看法以及你认为个人应该如何参与到环境保护中。

环境保护是当今社会亟待解决的重要问题之一。

在我看来,环境保护不仅是政府的责任,更是每个人应该承担的义务。

个人参与到环境保护中,不仅可以改善我们的生活环境,还能为后代留下一个更美好的世界。

首先,我认为每个人都应该从小事做起,从自己做起。

我们可以从日常生活中的一些小习惯开始,例如节约用水、垃圾分类等。

这些看似微小的举动,却能够积少成多,对环境产生积极的影响。

其次,我们还可以积极参与到环境保护的志愿者活动中。

可以加入一些环保组织,参与到环境保护的行动中去。

通过志愿者活动,我们可以更加深入地了解环境问题,同时也能够与其他志同道合的人一起为环境保护贡献自己的力量。

此外,教育也是环境保护的重要一环。

我们应该加强环境保护教育,提高全民的环保意识。

只有当每个人都意识到环境保护的重要性,才能够形成全社会的环保共识,共同为环境保护努力。

总之,环境保护是我们每个人的责任。

只有通过个人的努力和行动,我们才能够共同建设一个更加美丽、可持续发展的世界。

让我们从现在开始,从身边的小事做起,为环境保护贡献自己的一份力量。

通过以上的习题答案,希望能够帮助大家更好地掌握汉语写作技巧,提高自己的汉语水平。

同时也希望大家能够关注环境保护,共同努力为创造一个更美好的世界而奋斗。

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影响力从语言开始(课后习题) 1 训练的目的与要求1.1 台词课的训练目的1.1.1 台词课的训练目的1【多选题】以下属于语言艺术的是:()ACD A 相声 B 话剧台词 C 广播剧 D 朗诵2【判断题】台词是一门语言的艺术。23【判断题】表演艺术的核心是以角色的名义,在规定的情境中行动。1 4【判断题】台词课的训练目的就是要使普通话标准、声音洪亮、气息通畅。2

1.2.1 台词的训练要求1【判断题】随着技术的发展,对演员台词的语言清晰度要求也在降低,可以用技术手段进行处理。2 2【判断题】台词训练要求中的“纯”字,是指语音纯正。1 3【判断题】台词训练的要求是要达到“松、纯、清、远、美、耐、深”这七个字。1 4【判断题】一支好的麦克风能有效提升演员台词的艺术效果。2 5【判断题】在台词训练中,可以通过对呼吸、发声等方面的练习,达到让嗓音淳厚动听的效果。2

2 有声语言基本功训练2.1 呼吸与发声2.1.1 呼吸的基本要领1【单选题】丹田的大致位置在()C A 肚脐处 B 肚脐上一指 C 肚脐下二指 D 肚脐下三指2【多选题】在静态情况下,呼吸的正确姿态包括()AD A 身体适当松弛 B 腹部用力收紧 C 胸部用力向前挺起 D 脊椎向上伸直3【判断题】吸气的要领在于不要有“吸”的概念,主要原因是避免较大的冷空气对声带的冲击。1 4【判断题】胸腹式呼吸法要求两肋向两侧打开,使横隔肌下沉,肺部自然扩大。1

2.1.2 三种呼吸的方法1【单选题】在需要说字数较多的台词时,宜采用的吸气方式是()A A 闻花式吸气 B 惊讶式吸气 C 叹气式吸气 D 肋肌式吸气2【单选题】常用于偷气的吸气方式是()B A 闻花式吸气 B 惊讶式吸气 C 叹气式吸气 D 肋肌式吸气3【判断题】呼吸的正确顺序是先呼再吸。1 2.1.3 气息的运用1【单选题】在做较大的抒情或咏叹时,较多采用的吸气方式是()D A 肋肌式吸气 B 惊讶式吸气 C 叹气式吸气 D 闻花式吸气2【单选题】我们通常所说的一个人的气场、气质、气魄,关键在于()B A 讲话的音量 B 呼吸的状态 C 穿着打扮 D 年龄的差别3【判断题】不同的吸气方式的运用场景的主要区别是语言的节奏。1

2.1.4 气息练习1【单选题】在气息练习绕口令“天上看,满天星,地上看,有个坑”一段中,着重练习的是()B A 偷气 B 抢气 C 叹气 D 憋气2【判断题】在气息练习绕口令“一,一,一个一”一段中,着重练习的是偷气。1

2.1.5 发声的基本要领1【单选题】台词语言发声和美声唱法的声音的激发点区别在()A A 台词语言发声在硬颚前部,美声唱法在硬颚后部 B 台词语言发声在硬颚后部,美声唱法在硬颚前部 C 台词语言发声在硬颚,美声唱法在软腭 D 没有区别2【单选题】人体的共鸣腔中,可以调节的腔体是()A A 口腔 B 头腔 C 胸腔 D 以上皆可3【单选题】发声时声音在口腔中击打的部位是()D A 喉头 B 槽牙 C 软腭 D 硬腭4【多选题】以下叙述正确的是?()ABCD A人体共鸣器官包括三大共鸣腔体 B鼻腔不属于人体的共鸣器官的腔体之一 C头腔是人体共鸣器官的腔体之一 D胸腔是人体共鸣器官的腔体之一5【多选题】发声的基本要领包括()ABD A 声音的激发点在硬腭前部 B 气管保持通畅 C 声音的激发点在硬腭后部 D 上口盖打开2.1.6 运动中的呼吸发声1【多选题】运动中的呼吸发声训练的练习方向包括()ABC A机械运动中的呼吸发声 B分部位运动中的呼吸发声 C生活中贯穿动作中的运动中的呼吸发声 D做剧烈运动时的呼吸发声2【判断题】让演员在说词过程中行动看起来自然是进行运动中的呼吸发声训练的目的之一。1

2.2 发音训练2.2.1 发音吐字1【单选题】台词基本功“气、声、字”中的“字”是指()C A 识字量 B 阅读量 C 发音吐字 D 理解文字的涵义2【单选题】汉语普通话的标准音和基础方言分别是()B A 北京语音/北京话 B 北京语音/北方话 C 东北语音/北方话 D 东北语音/北京话3【判断题】元音发音时声带振动,没有明显的阻气和除阻的过程。1 4【判断题】辅音在发音时的声带均不振动,气流在口腔受到明显阻碍,声音不响亮。2 5【判断题】不算四声的变化,汉语普通话的发音大约有500多种。2

2.2.2 单韵母的发音1【单选题】单韵母共有()个B A 5 B 6 C 7 D 8 2【多选题】汉语发音标注的方法包括()BCD A 国际音标方案 B 注音符号 C 四角号码 D 汉语拼音方案3【多选题】韵母的类型包括()ABCD A 单韵母 B 复韵母 C 鼻韵母 D 特殊韵母

2.2.3 单韵母发音训练1【单选题】普通话中的一个汉字代表一个(),()的最小单位是(),普通话中一个汉字包括1~4个()B A 音节、汉字、音素、音素 B 音节、音节、音素、音素 C 音素、音素、音节、音节 D 音素、汉字、音节、音节2【单选题】单韵母“i”的发音要领,以下说法不正确的是()D A 舌面向硬腭升起 B 舌尖下垂在下齿背后 C 嘴角展开 D 圆唇3【多选题】单韵母“u”的发音要领,以下说法不正确的是()BCD A 舌后缩 B 舌根向硬腭升起 C 不圆唇 D 嘴角展开4【判断题】单韵母“a”的发音要领为口腔大开、舌面降低放平、不圆唇。1 5【判断题】单韵母“ü”的发音时舌位同“i”,小圆唇向内嘬。1

2.2.4 声母——双唇音发音训练1【单选题】双唇音有几个?A A 3 B 4 C 5 D 6 2【单选题】在三个双唇音中,哪个音的发音需要声带振动?C A b B p C m 3【多选题】韵母发音的特点有:ABD A 声带振动 B 声音响亮 C 气流在口腔中有明显阻碍 D 气流在口腔中没有明显阻碍

2.2.5 声母——唇齿音发音训练1【单选题】唇齿音有几个?A A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 2【单选题】以下是唇齿音的是?A A f B h C m D n 3【多选题】唇齿音发音的几个特点?ABC A 上门齿与下唇接触 B 气流从窄缝间挤出 C 摩擦发声 D 声带振动

2.2.6 声母——舌尖音发音训练1【单选题】舌尖音指舌尖顶住或者接近()而发出的辅音B A 上颚 B 门齿、齿根 C 下颚2【单选题】舌尖音“n”发音时,气流从哪里流出?B A 口腔 B 鼻腔 C 耳朵3【判断题】舌尖音发音时都需要声音振动。1

2.2.7 声母——舌根音发音训练1【多选题】舌根音有哪几个?ABC A g B k C h D l 2【多选题】舌根音“k”发音的特点?ABD A 舌根顶住软腭 B 突然放开 C 缓慢放开 D 除阻时不放气3【判断题】舌根音“g”发音除阻时不送气。1

2.2.8声母——舌面音发音训练1【单选题】舌面音发音的特点:D A 舌尖向下,用舌面与前腭发音 B 舌尖向上,用舌面与硬腭发音 C 舌尖向下,用舌面与前腭发音 D 舌尖向下,用舌面与硬腭发音2【多选题】舌面音有几个声母?ABD A j B q C s D x 3【判断题】几个舌面音都需要送气。2

2.2.9 声母——平舌音和翘舌音发音训练1【多选题】以下是翘舌音的是:ABCD A zh B ch C sh D r 2【多选题】翘舌音发音的特点ABCD A 舌尖上翘,抵住硬腭前部 B 软膊上升,堵塞鼻腔通路,声带不颤动 C 较弱的气流把舌尖的阻碍冲开一道窄缝 D 并从中挤出,摩擦成声3【判断题】ch成阻时与zh相同,除阻时送气。1 4【判断题】平舌音“C”,除阻时送气1

2.2.10 复韵母的发音1【单选题】复韵母需要特别注意的是:B A 音素不需要联系过渡 B 音素需要联系过渡 C 音素是否连续过渡无所谓2【单选题】请问“ia”是哪种类型的复韵母?C A 前响复韵母 B 中响复韵母 C 后响复韵母 D 背响复韵母3【判断题】复韵母是一个音。1

2.2.11 复韵母发音练习1【单选题】复韵母一共有几个?D A 5 B 6 C 7 D 13 2【单选题】请问“iao”是属于哪种类型的复韵母B A 前响复韵母 B 中响复韵母 C 后响复韵母 D 背响复韵母

2.2.12 鼻韵母发音训练1【单选题】以作韵尾的韵母叫前鼻音韵母B A g B n C ng D m 2【单选题】以作韵尾的韵母叫后鼻音韵母C A g B n C ng D m 3【多选题】请问鼻韵母是有哪几部分组成的?AB A 元音 B 鼻辅音 C 辅音 D 声母

2.2.13 声调1【单选题】古汉语有几个声调?C A 3 B 4 C 5 D 6 2【单选题】语言学家研究纯正的古汉语是A A 客家话 B 蒙古语 C 藏语 D 苗语

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