GMAT word

原文单词词义GMAT OG11 例句1vertebrate脊椎动物

1altruism利他主义

1eusocial

1mound一堆 土堆

A naked mole rat colony, like a beehive, wasp's nest, or termite

mound, is ruled by its queen, or reproducing female.

1presumably想必是 大概是 The queen is the largest member of the colony, and she maintainsher breeding status through a mixture of behavioral and, presumably,chemical control.

1captivity囚禁关押

Queens have been long-lived in captivity, and when they die or areremoved from a colony one sees violent fighting for breeding statusamong the larger remaining females, leading to a takeover by a newqueen.1rigid严格的1caste等级制度2carniovrResearchers compared the number of tooth fractures in present-daycarnivores with tooth fractures in carnivores that lived 36,000 to10,000 years ago and that were preserved in the Rancho La Brea tarpits in Los Angeles.2predator2carcass动物尸体2abrasion磨损2pitn.v. 深坑，使凹陷2demographic人口统计学In considering possible explanations for this finding, the researchersdismissed demographic bias because older individuals were notoverrepresented in the fossil samples.3paltry微不足道的Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less isavailable for publishing the results and preserving the sites onceexcavated.3outrageous反常的 令人惊讶的I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at onestroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegaldigging.3substantial充足的足够的Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation andpreservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results.3grip紧握掌握控制3inducement引诱 动机 刺激物3merit优点 价值 Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value.3vessel血管 容器I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that areessentially duplicates of one another.3bulging充满 充实Indeed, with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be moreaccessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements.3clandestine秘密的But the demand for the clandestine product would be substantiallyreduced.4precise精确的During the nineteenth century, occupational information about womenthat was provided by the United States census-a population countconducted each decade-became more detailed and precise inresponse to social changes.4enumeration举例 例子Through 1840, simple enumeration by household mirrored a home-based agricultural economy and hierarchical social order:食肉动物Such thorough carcass consumption implies to the researchers eitherthat prey availability was low, at least seasonally, or that there wasintense competition over kills and a high rate of carcass theft due torelatively high predator densities.They rejected preservational bias because a total absence ofbreakage in two extinct species demonstrated that the fractures werenot the result of abrasion within the pits.Until recently, scientists did not know of a close vertebrate analogueto the extreme form of altruism observed in eusocial insects like antsand bees, whereby individuals cooperate, sometimes even sacrificingtheir own opportunities to survive and reproduce, for the good ofothers.Eusocial insect societies have rigid caste systems, each insect's rolebeing defined by its behavior, body shape, and physiology.

At the same time, they would break the illegal excavator's grip on themarket, thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegalactivities.4superintendent指挥官

the census superintendent reported 1.8 million women employed

outside the home in "gainful and reputable occupations."

5payoff报应 报偿Today, however, the largest payoffs may go to companies that lead indeveloping integrated approaches for successful mass production anddistribution.

5reluctant 不情愿的Seeking to maintain exclusive control over VCR distribution, Betaproducers were reluctant to form such alliances and eventually lostground to VHS in the competition for the global VCR market.

5substantial物质的 实质的

Despite Beta's substantial technological head start and the fact thatVHS was neither technically better nor cheaper than Beta, developersof VHS quickly turned a slight early lead in sales into a dominantposition.6lure吸引

6mooring停泊处

6slick投机取巧华而不实的

6triumph胜利

Through the transfer of jobs and related revenues that resulted from

this practice, one town's triumph could become another town'stragedy.6indigenous本地的6ubiquitous普遍存在的6foster培养6entrepreneurship企业家精神6entice引诱诱惑With roots in their communities, these individuals are less likely to beenticed away by incentives offered by another community.7simultaneously同时的Some economists define a service as something that is produced andconsumed simultaneously:7intangible无形的 看不见的The broader, classical definition is that a service is an intangiblesomething that cannot be touched or stored.7residual剩余的 残留的services are the residual category that includes everything that is notagriculture or industry.7arbitrary武断的 主观的7pragmatic实用的8fluctuate波动的8trivial微不足道的8catastrophes灾难8decimate大批杀死8provocation挑衅 激怒There is evidence that these effects may persist for three generationsin the absence of the original provocation.8proponent支持者It can be inferred from the passage that proponents of the densitydependent theory of population control have not yet been able to8perplexed困惑的不知所措的8agitated激动地8 dismay沮丧的9encyclopedias百科全书A complicating factor has been the continuing lack of specializedone-volume reference works on Asian Americans, such asbiographical dictionaries or desktop encyclopedias.9segregation种族隔离To explain this segregation of labor by gender, economists have reliedon the useful theory of human capital.9eligible合格的 符合条件的According to this theory, investment in human capital-the acquisitionof difficult job-related skills-generally benefits individuals by makingthem eligible to engage in well-paid occupations.9stem (from)起源于The wage difference between these two low-skill occupations stemsfrom the segregation of labor by genderAlthough numbers of animals in a given region may fluctuate fromyear to year, the fluctuations are often temporary and, over longperiods, trivial.The first theory attributes a relatively constant population to periodicclimatic catastrophes that decimate populations with such frequencyas to prevent them from exceeding some particular limit. many manufacturing facilities were lured away from their mooringselsewhere through tax incentives and slick promotional efforts.Small indigenous businesses are created by a nearly ubiquitous