上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题2007年3月
上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟高级阅读(三)_真题-无答案
上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟高级阅读(三)(总分100,考试时间90分钟)SECTION 1 READING TESTDirections:In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A. B. C. or D. to each question.Valentine"s Day is tomorrow, and we are all thinking about true love and heart-shaped chocolate candy. Well, maybe not all of us. Some of us, actually, are considering the quantifiable aspects of divorce. In America today, some 50 percent of marriages are predicted to end in divorce. And at the University of Washington in Seattle they say they can tell you exactly—well, almost exactly—which ones those will be.A psychologist, a mathematician, and a pathologist have devised what they call a proven mathematical formula for detecting which relationships will go sour—thereby holding out hope that such couples can **e their problems, and avoid divorce. "We have been able to predict that divorce will happen before [it does]. That"s old news," says John Gottman, emeritus professor of psychology. "But what we have now is a scientific model for understanding why we can predict it with such accuracy."The work marks the first time a mathematic model is being used to understand such deep personal human interactions, adds James Murray, professor of applied mathematics. "It is totally objective. And our prediction of which couples would divorce within a four-year period was 94 percent accurate." This is how it works. Couples face each other and discuss—each speaking in turn—a subject over which they have disagreed more than once in the past. They are wired to detect various physiological data, such as pulse rates, and they"re also videotaped. A session lasts a mere 15 minutes. The research team watches and analyzes the tapes and data, awarding plus or minus points depending on the type of interactions and according to a standard scoring system. Everything is then translated into equations and plotted on a graph, which the researchers have dubbed the "Dow- Jones Industrial Average for marital conversation". Once this is done, different situations are simulated and analyzed from the equations and graphs, and predictions are made. Over the past 16 years more than 700 couples (at different stages of their marriages) took part in the research. But let"s go back a moment. It all starts, say, with a chat about mothers-in-law—apparently one of the hot topics of contention among couples, along with money and sex, according to Dr. Murray. "The husband might say to his wife, "Your mother really is a pain in the neck." Well, that"s a minus two points. A shrug, that"s a no-no—so minus one. And rolled eyes—very negative, that"s minus two." If however, the husband were to say, "Your mother is a pain in the neck ... but she is sometimes funny," then, according to the researchers, you would take away two points and then give one back. If the husband cracked a smile, he would get anotherpoint. At the end of all the additions and subtractions, a stable marriage is indicated by having five more positive points than negative ones. Otherwise, warns the team, the marriage is in trouble.In trouble—but not doomed. The whole point of the model, says Dr. Gottman, is that it gives therapists new understanding with which they can help couples **e patterns of interaction and prevent divorce. "What we are suggesting," says Murray, "is that couples who take this experiment then be told the prediction and realize they are going to have to both change their behavior and repair what is wrong."Not everyone buys into this model. Bonnie Jacobson, a clinical psychologist and processor at New York University, says it is "absolutely impossible" to understand the workings of a relationship via a one-size-fits-all model. "For mostly every couple I have seen, it"s hard to see how they got together in the first place," she says. "So unless you really get to know the nuanced dynamics, you will never "get it" or be able to help."Christine Fasano was married for only 14 months before getting a divorce last year. She agrees the dynamics of a relationship are nuanced **plex—but also sees merit in the University of Washington study"s basic assumption that if one looks starkly at interaction between a couple, it is possible to ascertain whether the relationship is headed toward demise. "I"m not surprised the model works," she says. "It"s actually not that profound. My basic observation of couples that are happily married is that they treat each other well. That is basically what they are saying, and that is hard to argue with."So, any final advice for Valentine"s Day from the divorce research team out in Washington? "I would never give advice on matters of the heart," says Murray, who, incidentally, has been married 45 years. "But I suppose the bottom line is, yes, communication. And being good to one another. That is nice to quantify."1. The mathematical model is designed by these scientists ______.A. to figure out the probability of divorceB. to predict and help avoid divorceC. for the newly-married young couplesD. on the basis of physiological data2. Which of the following CANNOT be found about the mathematical formula?A. It is quite popular and has been widely accepted.B. It has been experimented with over 700 couples.C. It has been invented by a number of scientists from related fields.D. It is proved useful as more marriages end in divorce.3. In the sentence "Not everyone buys into this model" (para. 6), the expression "buys into" can be interpreted as ______.A. pays to acquireB. supports fullyC. have confidence inD. understands and accepts4. Christine Fasano is introduced in the passage because ______.A. her divorce was predicted and avoided by the formulaB. her divorce proved the effectiveness of the mathematical modelC. she thought the rationale behind the formula is understandableD. she argued that divorce could be prevented by **munication5. The love equation employs all of the following methods EXCEPT ______.A. it is based on the analysis of recordings of marital conversationB. it uses an addition and subtraction system to record the dataC. it makes predictions from analysis of equations and graphsD. it uses the interviews of each of the spouses separatelyA **edy by a first-time novelist with a past as colorful as his book has defied the bookies to win the ￡50,000 Man Booker prize, the most important honour in the British literary world.Vernon God Littleby DBC Pierre, the nom de plume of 42-year-old Mexican-Australian Peter Finlay, was the unanimous choice of the Booker judges, chaired by John Carey, who took less than an hour to decide. The novel tells the story of Vernon Gregory, a Texan teenager who is put on trial accused of a massacre at his high school.At the awards ceremony at the British Museum in London last night, Professor Carey described it as a "coruscating **edy reflecting our alarm but also our fascination with modern America". Accepting the prize, the novelist said: "My mum is in the audience. I want to say she and the rest of my family planted the idea that I could do anything and I would just like to apologise for taking it literally." It beat a shortlist including Brick Lane, the first novel by Monica Ali which was the bookmakers" favourite and has been the biggest seller in the shops, andOryx and Crakeby Margaret Atwood, the only established author to make it to the final round of judging.Martyn Goff, the director of the Man Booker prize, said he was "absolutely amazed" at the swiftness of the decision which was made after the second shortest debate in the prize"s 35-year history. "Four of them jumped as one, and the fifth [member of the jury] was not unhappy," he said. The judges were particularly convinced by the way the author was able to create such a strong sense of America. "There was a feeling that it could only have been written by an American whereas we all know it wasn"t," he said.DBC Pierre—the initials stand for Dirty But Clean—is a reformed drug addict and gambler who was born into a wealthy family but lost virtually everything when the banks were nationalised in Mexico in 1982. Without his family money to fall back on, Finlay has admitted selling his best friend"s home and keeping the proceeds as well as working up hundreds of thousands of dollars of debts in a scheme to find gold in Mexico. Revealing how his life was often stranger than fiction, he said in a recent interview. "For nine years I was in a drug haze, on a rampage of cocaine, heroin, any shit I could get. I am not proud of what I have done and I now want to put it right."A publishing deal for the book was sealed just one hour before the first plane hit New York"s World Trade Centre on 11 September, 2001. "Ever since, I feel like there"s some dark destiny swirling around the book," he said. His financial problems are likely to become a thing of the past.A filmmaker has bought an option to make a movie of the book and as well as the ￡50,000 prize cheque, the writer, who currently lives in Ireland, is guaranteed a significant increase in sales. Sales of last year"s winner, Yann Martel"sLife of Pi, have exceeded 1 million copies. Martin Higgs, literary editor ofWaterstone"s, said. "The storyline for this book is one that you would as much see played out today on the six o"clock news as read in a novel and has for this reason struck a chord with book lovers."Finlay was second favourite to win, behind Monica Ali, 35, who created a flurry of interest even before her debut novel was published when she was named one of Granta"s best young British novelists. The other shortlisted books wereThe Good Doctor, by Damon Galgut,Astonishing Splashes of Colourby Clare Morrall, andNotes on a Scandalby the formerIndependent onSundayjournalist Zoe Heller, 38.6. The novelist Peter Finlay said that, when accepting the prize, he "would just like to apologise for taking it literally" (para. 2) The word "it" refers to the idea of ______.A. selling his friend"s home and using up the moneyB. publishing the novelVernon God LittleC. owing huge amounts of debts to othersD. doing whatever he liked7. We can learn from the shortlisted books of this year"s Man Booker prize that ______.A. most of them are from established authorsB. some of them are from first-time novelistsC. all of them are biggest sellers in the shopsD. half of them were written by former journalists8. According to the passage, the director of the Man Booker prize was "absolutely amazed" because ______.A. the debate over the prize winner was so hot and fierceB. the plot of Vernon God Little was so fascinatingC. the Booker judges were almost unanimous in their decisionD. the fifth member of the jury refused to change his mind9. The author mentions in the passage the sales of last year"s winner Yann Martel"s Life of Pi to imply that ______.A. the success ofVernon God Littlewill bring the author a lot of moneyB. Peter Finlay will become as rich as a world famous movie starC. the sales ofVernon God Littlewill exceed that ofLife of PiD. the Booker prize winning novels will become world classics10. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage about the novelist Peter Finlay?A. He had once been a drug addict and gambler.B. He almost lost everything because of the nationalization of banks in Mexico.C. He was quite worried before the publication of his first novel.D. He knew his best-selling book would win the national literary prize.Concrete is probably used more widely than any other substance except water, yet it remains largely unappreciated. "Some people view the 20th century as the atomic age, the space age, **puter age—but an argument can be made that it was the concrete age," says cement specialist Hendrik van Oss. "It"s a miracle material." Indeed, more than a ton of concrete is produced each year for every man, woman and child on Earth. Yet concrete is generally ignored outside the engineering world, a victim of its own ubiquity and the industry"s conservative pace of development. Now, thanks to environmental pressures and entrepreneurial innovation, a new generation of concretes is emerging. This high-tech assortment of concrete confections promises to be stronger, lighter, and more environmentally friendly than ever before.The concretes they will replace are, for the most part, strong and durable, but with limitations. Concrete is sound **pression but weak under tension. Steel rebars are used as reinforcement, but make recycling difficult when concrete breaks down—and break down it inevitably will. Cracks caused by stress grow larger over time, with water forcing them open and corroding the rebars within. "When you put enough stress on it, concrete doesn"t work like we want it to. We"re askingtoo much of it now," says Mr. van Oss. Concrete is also a climate-change villain. It is made by mixing water with an aggregate, such as sand or gravel, and cement. Cement is usually made by heating limestone and clay to over 2,500 degrees F. The resulting chemical reaction, along with fuel burned to heat the kiln, produces between 7 and 10 percent of global carbon-dioxide emissions."When we have to repeatedly regenerate these materials because they"re not durable, we release more emissions," says Victor Li, a civil and environmental engineering professor at the University of Michigan. Dr. Li has created a concrete suffused by synthetic fibers that make it stronger, more durable, and able to bend like a metal. Li"s creation does not require reinforcement, a property shared by other concretes that use chemical additives called plasticizers to reduce the amount of water in **position. Using less water makes concrete stronger, but until the development of plasticizers, it also made concrete sticky, dry, and hard to handle, says Christian Meyer, a civil engineering professor at Columbia University."The engineer would specify a certain strength, a certain amount of water—and as soon as a supervisor turned his back, in would go a bucket of water," says Dr. Meyer of the time before plasticizers. Making stronger concretes, says Li, allows less to be used, reducing waste and giving architects more freedom. "You can have such futuristic designs if you don"t have to put rebar in there, or structural beams," says van Oss. "You can have things shooting off into space at odd angles. Many possibilities are opened up." A more directly "green" concrete has been developed by the **pany TecEco. They add magnesium to their cement, forming a porous concrete that actually scrubs carbon dioxide from the air."The planet"s been through several episodes of global warming before, and nature put carbon away as coal, petroleum, and carbonate sediments," says TecEco manager John Harrison. "Now we"re in charge, and we need to do the same. We can literally "put away" carbon in our own built environment." Another modification to the built environment is the carbon fiber-reinforced concrete of Deborah Chung, a materials scientist at the State University of New York at Buffalo. By running an electrical current through concrete, Dr. Chung says, tiny deformations caused by minute pressures can be detected. "You can monitor room occupancy in real-time, controlling lighting, ventilation, and cooling in relation to how many people are there," says Chung.While experts agree that these new concretes will someday be widely used, the timetable is uncertain. **panies are responsive to environmental concerns and are always looking to stretch the utility of their product, but the construction industry is slow to change. "When you start monkeying around with materials, the governing bodies, the building departments, are very cautions before they let you use an unproven material," Meyer says. In the next few decades, says van Oss, building codes will change, opening the way for innovative materials. But while new concretes may be stronger and more durable, they are also more expensive—and whether the tendency of developers and the public to focus on short-term rather than long-term costs will also change is another matter.11. When cement specialist Hendrik van Oss argues that 20th century can be viewed as the "concrete age", he most probably means that ______.A. the traditional building material concrete is the only man-made miracleB. concrete is indispensable in the development of modern construction industryC. compared with other inventions, concrete is more practical and usefulD. concrete, as a building material, can be mixed, with any other materials12. What does the author mean by saying that concrete is "a victim of its own ubiquity and the industry"s conservative pace of development" (para. 1) ?A. Concrete suffers from its own unique features as well as the slow development of the building industry.B. Concrete is not appreciated because of its dull color and other drawbacks, with little improvement as a building material.C. Slow progress of the building industry does harm to the application and popularity of concrete.D. Concrete is ignored because it is **mon with little advance in its technology.13. According to the passage, concrete is also a "climate-change villain" mainly because ______.A. sand or gravel has to be used as an aggregate in the process of mixingB. the materials which are used to make concrete are not durableC. recycling of concrete is quite difficult when concrete breaks downD. chemical reaction in manufacturing cement emits carbon- dioxide worldwide14. The new "green" concrete has all the following advantages EXCEPT that ______.A. it will require little reinforcement in preparationB. it will become stronger, lighter and climate-friendlyC. it will give architects and builders more freedom in designing and constructionD. it will greatly reduce the cost of production and construction15. When van Oss says that "Whether the tendency of developers and the public to focus on short-term rather than long-term costs will also change is another matter" (para. 6), he probably shows that ______.A. he has full confidence in the developers and the public in using the new concreteB. he is quite pessimistic about the future development of greener concreteC. he is hostile to the attitudes of developers and the publicD. he feels that patience is necessary to wait for the change in public attitudeWe live in an age when everyone is a critic. "Criticism" is all over the Internet, in blogs and chat rooms, for everyone to access and add his two cents" worth on any subject, high or low. But if everyone is a critic, is that still criticism? Or are we heading toward the end of criticism? If all opinions are equally valid, there is no need for experts. Democracy works in life, but art is undemocratic. The result of this ultimately meaningless barrage is that more and more we are living in a profoundly- or shallowly-uncritical age.A critic, as T.S. Eliot famously observed, must be very intelligent. Now, can anybody assume that the invasion of cyberspace by opinion upon opinion is proof of great intelligence and constitutes informed criticism rather than uninformed artistic chaos?Of course, like any self-respecting critic, I have always encouraged my readers to think for themselves. They were to consider my positive or negative assessments, which I always tried to explain, a challenge to think along with me: here is my reasoning, follow it, then agree or disagree as you see fit. In an uncritical age, every pseudonymous chat-room chatterbox provides a snappy, self-confident judgment, without the process of arriving at it becoming clear to anyone, including the chatterer. Blogs, too, tend to be invitations to leap before a second look. Do the impassioned ramblings fed into a hungry blogosphere represent responses from anyone other than longheads? How has it come to this? We have all been bitten by television sound bites that transmute into Internet sound bytes, proving that brevity can also be the soul of witlessness. So thoughtlessness multiplies. Do not, however, think I advocate censorship, an altogether unacceptable form ofcriticism. What we need in this age of rampant uncritical criticism is the simplest and hardest thing to come by: a critical attitude. How could it be fostered?For starters, with the very thing discouraged by our print media: reading beyond the hectoring headlines and bold-type boxes embedded in reviews, providing a one-sentence summary that makes further reading unnecessary. With only slight exaggeration, we may say that words have been superseded by upward or downward pointing thumbs, self-destructively indulging a society used to instant self-gratification.Criticism is inevitably constricted by our multinational culture and by political correctness. As society grows more diverse, there are fewer and fewer universal points of reference between a critic and his or her readers. As for freedom of expression. Arthur Miller long **plained about protests and pressures making the only safe subjects for a dramatist babies and the unemployed. My own experience is that over the years, print space for my reviews kept steadily shrinking, and the layouts themselves toadied to the whims of the graphic designer. In a jungle of oddball visuals, readers had difficulties finding my reviews. Simultaneously, our vocabulary went on a starvation diet. Where readers used to thank me for enlarging their vocabularies, more and **plaints were lodged about **e trips to the dictionary, as if comparable to having to keep running to the toilet. Even my computer keeps questioning words I use, words that can be found in medium-size dictionaries. Can one give language lessons to a computer? What may be imperiled, more than criticism, is the word.I keep encountering people who think "critical" means carping or fault-finding, and nothing more. So it would seem that the critic"s pen, once mightier than the sword, has been supplanted by the ax. Yet I have always maintained that the critic has three duties, to write as well as a novelist or playwright; to be a teacher, taking off from where the classroom, always prematurely, has stopped, and to be a thinker, looking beyond his specific subject at society, history, philosophy. Reduce him to a consumer guide, run his reviews on a Web site mixed in with the next-door neighbor"s pontifications, and you condemn criticism to obsolescence.Still, one would like to think that the blog is not the enemy, and that readers seeking enlightenment could find it on the right blog— just as in the past one went looking through diverse publications for the congenial critic. But it remains up to the readers to learn how to discriminate.16. Which of the following expresses the author"s reasoning when he says that the "criticism" over the Internet, in blogs and chat rooms is "uncritical"?A. If everyone"s a critic, it is neither democracy nor criticism.B. When people only choose to express their opinions pseudonymously, what they were doing is to assault the others simply by waving the "ax".C. Real criticism should be expressed by giving the reasoning, the process of reasoning and letting the audience to reach their own conclusion.D. All the critics should be self-respecting and should be well-informed before they give their criticisms.17. When the author concludes that "what may be imperiled, more than criticism, is the word", he possibly means that with the shrinking of print space,A. words will be less meaningful and criticism more shallow(er)B. language dictionaries will be much thinner and simplerC. people will not be interested in using dictionaries to learn the vocabularyD. human language will be greatly affected and will deteriorate18. When the author thinks that the critic has three duties of "novelist or playwright", "teacher" and "thinker", he probably means that a critic should be equipped with all of the following qualities EXCEPT ______.A. original thinkingB. enlightened instructionC. philosophical insightD. matter-of-fact attitude19. It can be concluded from the last paragraph that the author ______.A. probably agrees that the blog is the enemyB. fails to advise readers to seek enlightenment on any of the blogsC. never thinks that blogs will have the similar features (as that of the traditional publications)D. encourages the readers to make independent judgment20. Which of the following shows the author"s attitude towards **ing of the "uncritical age"?A. Sympathetic and supportive.B. Neutral and indifferent.C. Optimistic and welcoming.D. Critical and sarcastic.SECTION 2 READING TESTDirections:Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage.Genghis Khan massacred the population of whole cities as he built his Mongol empire. But in 1227, when his son avenged his death by ordering the slaying of the Central Asian Tangut people, he destroyed a whole culture, as the local Tangut language was never again spoken. The world now loses a language every two weeks, a rate unprecedented in history. Of course, not all meet such a violent end. Two lively and accessible new books, Andrew Dalby"sLanguage in Danger and The Power of Babel by John McWhorter,map the **bination of politics, genocide, geography and economics that more typically conspire in their demise—and ask whether we are losing a testament to human creativity that rivals great works of art.Linguists estimate that in 100 years fewer than half the world"s 6,000 languages will still be in use. Will this mean a more peaceful, communicative world or an arid linguistic desert, subject to the tyranny of the monoglot yoke? In answering this question, Dalby and McWhorter take us on a fascinating and colorful spin through history, chronicling the rise of empires and crisscrossing the globe to take in the indigenous tribes of west Africa, Tasmania and the Amazon, tracking down itinerant healers in Bolivia, whale hunters off the coast of Germany, Russian immigrants in New York—in short, anyone who can cast light on the unique ways **municate.McWhorter likens linguistic change to Darwin"s theory of evolution, arguing that languages, like animals and plants, inevitably split into subvarieties, alter in response to environmental pressures and evolve new forms and useless features. In prose that is bold **pelling, he warns against seeing grammar as a repository of culture, arguing that it is more often formed by chance and convenience and does not reflect its speakers" world view any more than "a pattern of spilled milk reveals anything specific about the bottle it came from". His theory is slightly undermined bycareless errors, a Latin sentence he **posed, on which his first chapter rests, has four mistakes in nine words. (Later, rather amazingly, he bungles the masculine and neuter forms of illa, the basic word for "that". )Rather than disassociating languages from the people who speak them, Dalby takes on the difficult but equally rewarding challenge of drawing out the distinct consciousness expressed by each tongue. As Babel becomes homogenized, surviving languages have fewer new words and ideas to draw on. Without Greek there would be no "wine-dark sea". We would not "bury the hatchet" if American Indians hadn"t done it already.Despite these differences, both authors agree that with each language we learn, our ability to comprehend the world is given fresh, new scope. The word for "world" in Yupik, an Eskimo-Aleut language of Alaska, encompasses weather, outdoors, awareness and sense, as compared with its European equivalents, which tend to refer to "people, a crowd, inhabitants", as in the French "du monde", a lot of people, or the classical Greek "he oikoumene", meaning the settled zone. Whereas in English we may simply say "he is chopping trees", Tuyuca speakers in the Amazon rain forest must change their suffixes to specify whether this was told to them, they saw it themselves, they heard the sound or they"re simply guessing.Why are these languages disappearing? Globalization is the modern equivalent of Genghis Khan, both authors argue. English is **petently spoken by about 1.8 billion people worldwide. Parents consider it the key to a more prosperous life. Fearing that without fluency in the languages of the cultures of "tall buildings" their children will be deprived of standardized education and the ability to reap the rewards of international trade, they allow their own tongues to die off with the elderly. Dalby and McWhorter rewrite the script on language change from nearly opposite but equally intelligent perspectives, agreeing on the most significant point, if our rich linguistic heritage is not preserved, even English speakers may find themselves uncomfortably lost for words.1. Introduce briefly Dalby and McWhorter"s views about the death of languages and their differences.2. What can be concluded from the discussion about the word "world" and the expression "he is chopping trees" in different languages?3. Explain the sentence "Globalization is the modern equivalent of Genghis Khan" from the last paragraph.4. Millions of elderly Germans received a notice from the Health & Social Security Ministry earlier this month that struck a damaging blow to the welfare state. The statement informed them that their pensions were being cut. The **e as a stop-gap measure to control Germany"s ballooning pension crisis. Not surprisingly, it was an **e change for senior citizens such as Sabine Wetzel, a 67-year-old retired bank teller, who was told her state pension would be cut by $12.30, or 1% to $1,156.20 a month. "It was a real shock," she says. "My pension had always gone up in the past."There"s more bad news on the way. On Mar. 11, Germany"s lower house of Parliament passed a bill gradually cutting state pensions—which have been rising steadily since World War Ⅱ—from 53% of average wages now to 46% by 2020. And Germany is not alone. Governments across Western Europe are racing to curb pension benefits. In Italy, the government plans to raise the minimum retirement age from 57 to 60, while France will require that civil servants put in 40 years rather than 37.5 to qualify for a full pension. The reforms **ing despite tough opposition from unions, leftist politicians, and pensioners" groups.。
2015年3月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年3月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING TEST 2. READING TEST 3. TRANSLATION TEST 4. LISTENING TEST 5. READING TEST 6. TRANSLATION TESTSECTION 1 LISTENING TESTPart A Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.听力原文：Global warming? You may accept or reject those who say it is a dangerous phenomenon. Hut if the planet is warming, and humanity is contributing to it, shouldn’t someone be thinking about solutions? If the Earth is, in fact, engaged in a long-term warming cycle? And if humanity is partly responsible—can it be reversed? Possible solutions to global warming range from the simple to the complex, from changing a light bulb to engineering giant reflectors in space. The most talked about solutions involve expanded use of alternative energy technologies, and less reliance on fossil fuels. V olcanoes, forest fires, ocean and atmospheric variability are natural occurrences that change climate conditions. Might nature correct the warming trend itself? Climate scientists say that it seems very unlikely. Science doesn’t give us certainties. Science gives us likelihood. We think that it’s likely that climate warming of the last few decades isn’t due to the usual causes such as changes in the Earth’s orbit, changes in the sun, volcanoes, but it’s due primarily to humans adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. John Topping of the nonprofit Climate Institute says it will be private industry, not governments, coming up with solutions. He argues that we need to get investment flows going in the direction of emerging clean energy technologies and part of that’s going to happen because we, as consumers, step forward and we are conscious in our buying habits to get more energy-efficient products. Higher gas prices are making fuel-efficient vehicles more attractive to consumers. Building and home constructions are becoming more energy efficient. Climate change is a huge challenge. But climate change also provides an opportunity for countries to really further themselves, and the only way to advance much globally, is to look at approaches that protect the environment at the same time that they promote equitable economic growth. Wider application of renewable energy resources could reduce greenhouse gases and offset global warming. Some scientists are suggesting grander solutions, involving rearranging Earth’s environment: building huge sunshades in space, for example, tinkering with clouds to make them reflect more sunlight, perhaps tricking oceans into soaking up more heat trapping gases.Global warming? You may accept or reject those who say it is a dangerous phenomenon. But if the planet is warming, and humanity is contributing to it, shouldn’t someone be【C1】______? If the Earth is, in fact, engaged in a long-term warming cycle? And if humanity is partly responsible —【C2】______? Possible solutions to global warming range from the simple to the complex, from changing 【C3】______to engineering giant reflectors in space. The most talked about solutions involve expanded use of【C4】______, and less reliance on fossil fuels. V olcanoes, forest fires, ocean and atmospheric variability are 【C5】______that change climate conditions. Might nature correct the warming trend itself? Climate scientists say that it seems very unlikely. 【C6】______. Science gives us likelihood. We think that it’s likely that【C7】______of the last few decades isn’t due to the usual causes such as changes【C8】______, changes in the sun, volcanoes, but it’s due primarily to humans 【C9】______. John Topping of the nonprofit Climate Institute says it will be 【C10】______, not governments, coming up with solutions. He argues that we need to【C11】______in the direction of emerging clean energy technologies and part of that’s going to happen because we, as consumers, step forward and we are conscious 【C12】______to get more energy-efficient products. Higher gas prices are making 【C13】______more attractive to consumers. Building and home constructions are becoming more energy efficient. Climate change is【C14】______. But climate change also provides an opportunity for countries【C15】______, and the only way to advance much globally, is to look at approaches that protect the environment at the same time that they【C16】______. Wider application of renewable energy resources could reduce greenhouse gases and【C17】______. Some scientists are suggesting grander solutions, involving【C18】______: building huge sunshades in space, for example, tinkering with clouds to make them 【C19】______, perhaps tricking oceans into soaking up 【C20】______.1．【C1】正确答案：thinking about solutions2．【C2】正确答案：can it be reversed3．【C3】正确答案：a light bulb4．【C4】正确答案：alternative energy technologies正确答案：natural occurrences6．【C6】正确答案：Science doesn’t give us certainties. 7．【C7】正确答案：climate warming8．【C8】正确答案：in the Earth’s orbit9．【C9】正确答案：adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere 10．【C10】正确答案：private industry11．【C11】正确答案：get investment flows going12．【C12】正确答案：in our buying habits13．【C13】正确答案：fuel-efficient vehicles14．【C14】正确答案：a huge challenge15．【C15】正确答案：to really further themselves正确答案：promote equitable economic growth17．【C17】正确答案：offset global warming18．【C18】正确答案：rearranging Earth’s environment19．【C19】正确答案：reflect more sunlight20．【C20】正确答案：more heat-trapping gasesPart B Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.听力原文：M: So, Rachel, how did you finally quit?W: Well, I had a friend who had had a three-pack-a-day habit. And he told me about this woman who hypnotized him, and he quit, and there was no pain at all! And so I just decided to give it a try. And it really worked! M: Great! W: Yeah, it worked for me. I had four treatments, and by the end of the fourth treatment, I had completely lost the urge to smoke. M: Why do you think this method finally worked for you after you’d tried so many times to quit?W: I think, you know, all the other times that I’d tried to quit there had been a part of me that wanted to keep smoking, you know? And I just had to reach the point where I was just ready. M: Um-huh. Now, your son. How old is he now? W: He’s twelve.M: How does he feel about cigarettes? W: He hated it when I smoked, he hated the smell, he was afraid for my health. He used to put messages in my cigarette pack in my pocket saying, “Quit smoking, Mom,” so that when I’d smoke I’d find them. M: Yeah?W: So he was really happy when 1 stopped smoking.M: And how do you feel physically? How did you feel after you quit smoking? W: The big thing I noticed, and I have a friend who quit at the same time and she noticed it too, is I just had so much more energy. M: Huh. W: And the second thing I noticed was smells. My sense of smell came back and I really liked being able to smell things again. M: Did food tastebetter? W: Oh, food tasted much better! Yeah. M: Anything else you wanna add? W : Um, the money! M. Ah! W: Uh, cigarettes are really expensive. When I quit, I calculated exactly how much it would cost to smoke for a year, at that time I was spending $ 4. 50 a pack, and when I quit, I put the money in a savings account. And at the end of one year, I went out and bought myself and my son mountain bikes to celebrate our anniversary. M: That’s great. W: And I’ve just kept doing that for three years, and every year I use the money for something healthy to make our lives more fun.(405 words)Question No. 1 What are the two speakers talking about?Question No.2 How many treatments did Rachel have to achieve her purpose?Question No.3 What kind of treatment helped Rachel quit smoking?Question No.4 Which of the following statements is probably TRUE with Rachel?Question No.5 For how many years has Rachel stayed off cigarettes?21．A．Quitting drinking.B．Treating drug addiction.C．Getting rid of smoking.D．Hypnotizing for medical purposes.正确答案：C22．A．Four.B．Five.C．Six.D．Unknown.正确答案：A23．A．Acupuncture.B．Hypnotization.C．Psychotherapy.D．Physiotherapy.正确答案：B24．A．She lives with her husband and two daughters.B．She has been married for just a couple of years.C．She’s a full-time housewife with no kids.D．She’s a single mother with a 12-year-old son.正确答案：D25．A．Three.B．Two.C．One.D．Half a year.正确答案：A听力原文：Berlin, Germany—Germany’s economic growth in the past year was largely driven by overseas trade, according to official statistics. The German economy grew by 0. 4% in the past year compared with the previous year, the German statistics agency said, confirming its earlier estimate. Foreign trade drove the increase, accounting for 1. 1 percentage points of the rise in gross domestic product. However, weak domestic demand cut 0. 7 percentage points from the figure. The balance of exports and imports was the “key economic engine in the period”, the statistics office said. Despite the weak domestic demand at the end of last year, economists said they now expected it to pick up. High job security and rising incomes as well as very low inflation have been boosting consumer confidence to record highs lately and should translate into stronger household spending growth in 2014. New York, The United States—Twitter’s share price had more than doubled in value since the company was floated on the stock market in November, when it was valued at around 18 billion dollars, said in a statement recently released by the company. Twitter pledged to continue to improve its services to advertisers in the hope of growing revenues further. Twitter brings in money largely by selling advertising space and data on tweeting habits. More than 90% of its revenues last year came from advertising, where advertisers pay to have their tweets promoted and appear in users’feeds. Three-quarters of advertising income comes from mobile platforms like smart-phones, the company said. Canberra, Australia—Toyota Motor Corp issued a statement on Monday saying it would stop making cars and engines in Australia by the end of 2017, marking the end of an era for a once-vibrant auto production base and the loss of thousands of direct and indirect jobs.Toyota’s decision follows the planned exits of General Motors and Ford Motor announced last year and would leave no global automaker remaining in Australia as high costs and a strong currency make it an unattractive production base. About 2,500 jobs will be affected when the plant stops building cars in 2017, the company said. Rome, Italy —Italian unemployment is more than twice the average rate in the euro-zone. The number of people out of work in the single currency bloc in December was 19 million, with the jobless rate at 12%, according to official EU figures. Other economic figures such as retail sales, manufacturing activity and construction, have pointed to signs that Italy’s recession has bottomed out. However, Italy’s unemployment rate is expected to rise further in the first three months of 2014 as firms continue to restructure and cut jobs. “As expected, the labor market showed a lagging reaction to other positive signs in the economy,” said some economists at National Bank in Rome. With 1. 38 million people officially jobless, turning around the country’s economywill take time, even if the recovery does start this year as Rome hopes. Washington, The United States—The woman accused of killing six people in a horrific crash in California was spotted driving the wrong way on two freeways before she drove her BMW at 100mph into a Ford Explorer, the California Highway Patrol says. At least 17 witnesses called 911 before the crash to report seeing the vehicle on the 57 and 60 freeways early Sunday morning, reports the Los Angeles Times. The driver, 21-year-old Olivia Brown, is still in hospital and has been charged with six counts of murder. She has a previous drunk driving conviction and was on a “girls’ night out”when the deadly crash occurred. Her two passengers, one of them her sister, were killed along with all four people in the Explorer.Question No. 6 What was Germany’s economic growth rate in the past year?Question No. 7 How much of Twitter’s income came from advertising last year according to the company’s statement? Question No.8 What did Toyota Motor Corp say it would do in its Monday statement? Question No.9 What do we know about Italian unemployment according to official EU figures? Question No. 10 Why has the 21-year-old woman been charged with six counts of murder?26．A．0.4%.B．0.7%.C．1.1%.D．1.7%.正确答案：A27．A．$8 billion.B．$18 billion.C．Over 90%.D．Three-quarters.正确答案：C28．A．Start afresh an era for a vibrant auto production base in Australia.B．Reduce the costs to make Australia an attractive auto-making base.C．Cut 2500 jobs in its Australian plants before the end of this year.D．Stop making cars and engines in Australia by the end of 2017.正确答案：D29．A．Its jobless rate is 12 % at present.B．1. 38 million people are officially jobless.C．The number of people out of work is 1. 9 million.D．Its unemployment rate is expected to drop further.正确答案：B30．A．She drove the wrong way on freeways and caused an accident.B．She ran down six people in drunk driving on a “girls’ night out”.C．She did killing under the influence of alcohol and drugs.D．She got involved in a horrific drug crime in Los Angeles.正确答案：A听力原文：W: As the comic industry continues its painful metamorphosis into the vessel shaped to contain the output of artists and writers in the 21st Century, one has to admire those individuals who have persevered through wave after wave of innovation and disaster by staying in the game. One such veteran is famed artist and writer, Paul Phillips. It was archetypal for Paul Phillips to start his professional career in the comics field in the early ‘90s, but unlike many of his contemporaries, he continues to improve on the lessons of his youth, producing works of increasing complexity and depth. Here in the studio with us today we have Mr. Paul Phillips. First of all, Paul, thank you for taking the time to talk with us. Let’s start with a modicum of biographical info. Where and when were you born?M: Oxford, late 1965.W: How early did you exhibit an interest for drawing? Was there anything else you wanted to do growing up?M: I’ve always drawn. My father insists that he gave me an “art lesson”when I was four years old, and was surprised that I could draw better than he could. With encouragement like that, it was a done deal.W: What type of training did you undergo in preparation for your career as an artist?M: When I was very young, I developed a training method that taught me a great appreciation for different art styles. I found some tracing paper and decided to place it over comics drawn by Neal Adams, Jack Kirby, and Frank Springer. For some reason, I decided that, rather than just tracing, I should use the underlying drawings as a skeletal structure. I decided that I would try to interpret the stylistically disparate drawings in a style of my own. What this taught me was that these artists each had unique strengths, and each one had a different thing to teach me. I also drew what 1 saw on the black and white horror films that f loved. Later, I checked out hundreds of books from the local libraries…anything that contained art. It could be French or Russian poster art, or photo collages, or Renaissance painters. I eventually took courses in college.W: Was it helpful? If so, which parts prepared you the most?M: It was all helpful. Actually, I think that the best thing you can do is study EVERYTHING around you. There are art lessons everywhere, in classrooms and out.W: Was your family supportive of your decision to be an artist?M: My family was very encouraging, especially my mother, who had wanted to be a commercial artist herself. She was constantly creating something, whether it was a painting or some craftwork.W: So you’ve been dedicated to art ever since you were a small kid?M:Well, when my mother passed away, I decided to concentrate on the “real world” for a while. I bought a trailer and took on a full time job in a grocery store as a department manager, and two part time jobs. I cooked pizzas at one job, and at another I played a minor role in a drama society. I actually had a fourth job, doing a cartoon for a local newspaper, but that was the only art-related job I did.W: I’m afraid time is up for this part of our program. Let’s continue after the commercial break. Please don’t go away.Question No. 11 When did Paul Phillips begin his professional career in the comics field? Question No. 12 In his early childhood, what did Paul Phillips do to make his father surprised? Question No. 13 Which of the following could be concluded about the man’s art education? Question No. 14 What did Paul say about her mother?Question No. 15 When Paul decided to concentrate on the “real world”for a while, he took several jobs. Which of the following was NOT one of these jobs?31．A．In his early childhood.B．In late 1965.C．In the early ‘90s.D．In the 21st century.正确答案：C32．A．The boy had sold one of his paintings.B．The boy had found a special training method.C．The boy could give his father an art lesson.D．The boy could draw better than his father.正确答案：D33．A．He learnt a variety of artistic styles and created one of his own.B．He copied paintings of different artistic styles by way of tracing.C．He taught himself painting using methods that are different from others’.D．He had been tutored by an artist when he was only four years old.正确答案：A34．A．She was a commercial artist all her life.B．She was constantly creating something.C．She was not as encouraging as her husband.D．She outlived her husband for five years.正确答案：B35．A．Working with a grocery store.B．Cooking pizza.C．Acting in a drama.D．Editing a newspaper.正确答案：D听力原文：Good morning, everyone. I’m going to give a brief summary of the transition from export marketing to global marketing. Basically, there are three phases in this transition. These are: export marketing, international marketing, and global marketing. Let’s describe the first phase, which is export marketing. Export marketing has four main characteristics. First, with export marketing there is home-based production and home-based management. Secondly, there is direct selling to the export markets. Next, it’s common to use agents and distributors. Finally, it’s possible that there arc sales centers in overseas markets. Overall, the investment costs are low with export marketing because almost everything, especially production and management, is still centered on the home base. Now let’s look at the second phase, international marketing. Here I identify three main characteristics. The first is that production has expanded to overseas markets. This is very important. Next, there is local management. This means you have local cost centers, individually responsible for making a profit. Finally, there is much more local employment of staff and management. Altogether, this means there is more investment, so investment with international marketing is high. Now we come to the third phase, which is global marketing, with at least four main characteristics. The most important is that the brand name, or brand names, are international, like IBM or Coca-Cola. Secondly, the business is established in all major world markets. This means, and this is the third point, that the business has a global identity. Next, the business has cost centers in all major markets. The fourth and final point is that the production is often complex, with parts made and transported all over the world between various centers. An example here is a laptop, where perhaps the chips, the circuit board, the case, the screen, the packaging, the documentation, are all made in different locations around the world. Maybe Singapore, Brazil, Italy or South Africa. The result is that the global marketing phase involves very high levels of investment, higher than the other two phases. That is a good summary of the stages between export marketing and global marketing. Does anyone have any questions or need clarification on any point?Question No. 16 What’s the main topic of this talk?Question No. 17 Which of the following is TRUE with the phase of export marketing?Question No. 18 What do we know about the phase of international marketing?Question No. 19 What is the most important characteristic of global marketing?Question No. 20 Which of the following phases involves the highest levels of investment?36．A．Globalization and exporting activities.B．Different types of overseas markets.C．Different relationships between export and import.D．The transition from export marketing to global marketing.正确答案：D37．A．The overall investment costs are low.B．It is common to use agents, but not distributers.C．All sales centers are in home markets.D．Management is centered on the overseas base.正确答案：A38．A．The investment is not so high as export marketing.B．There is much more employment of home management.C．Production has expanded to overseas markets.D．Local management is not responsible for making a profit.正确答案：C39．A．The business is established in all major world markets.B．The brand name or names are international.C．The business has a global identity.D．The business has cost centers all over the world.正确答案：B40．A．Export marketing.B．International marketing.C．Global marketing.D．It’s not mentioned in the talk.正确答案：CSECTION 2 READING TESTDirections: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Since a gigantic Sainsbury is my local corner shop, I have a purseful of those coupons: “Here’s ￡l. 45 off your next visit”, etc. But lately I’ve felt 1 deserve another voucher: “Here’s a tax rebate on the cash you pay our low-paid workers so they can subsist. “The chances are they couldn’t get by without you. A survey of Sainsbury employees by Unite last year found that 60% relied upon government working tax credits to top up their salaries. Even so, in the previous six months, a third had resorted to borrowing money to settle their bills. Low pay is always seen as a leftie, bleeding-heart issue. Poor oppressed workers. Aux barricades! Rather it should raise the blood pressure of every taxpayer. The constant conniptions of supermarkets competing for market share, discounting their rivals, fighting off the German upstarts Aldi and Lidl, distract from the fact that they are vastly wealthy. Sainsbury’s underlying profits for 2012-13 were ￡758 million: these have trebled in a decade. Who could begrudge Sainsbury’s new CEO Mike Coupe his ￡900,000 basic salary, if only he paid all his 157,000 retail staff enough to live on without you and me chipping in? But he doesn’t and, bizarrely, no one is inclined to make him. V oters abhor a high welfare bill or the notion that benefits arc rising faster than wages. But if the chancellor wanted to take ￡300 a year from every low-paid household, ￡490 from families with children, could he not at least have added: “I call upon our friends in business to make up the difference: to help cut the welfare bill, by paying all their employees a living wage. “ Because the problem is not just soaring welfare but stagnating wages. For the first time in British history, the majority of those classified in poverty already have jobs. In the last decade, food bills have increased by 44% , energy costs more than doubled, but even now that the economy has rallied, wages have barely picked up. Now 5. 2 million of the workforce are paid below a rate at which decent life is sustainable. And since, without government support, families on minimum wage would barely be able to feed their children, in-work benefits cost taxpayers ￡28 billion a year. During the Tory and Labour conferences, much was said about “political disconnect”—the angry distrust voters feel towards the major Westminster parties. It was ascribed to ideological differences on Europe. But deep down, it’s about money, stupid. Life is a trudge and people see no one capable of lightening their step. The idea that prosperity should be shared, increased productivity linked to wages, fell apart in the 1980s. As Warren Buffett said recently, the class war was won “by my class, the rich class”. Employees know that even low-paid jobs are precious, that if they contemplate something as audaciously retro as striking, a pool of labour could rush to take their place. Companies relish their upper hand, play the austerity card during pay rounds even now times are better. When the retailer Next was asked why, despite record profits, its wages were still below the living wage, it replied that since 30 people applied for every job advertised, how could it be paying too little? While the executive googles ski-breaks in Verbier, the cleaner emptying his bin walks to work to save on bus fares. The low-paid don’t merely have less stuff: they have less stable relationships and weaker health. Are their struggles invisible to those who pay their terrible salaries, or do they not care? I was encouraged to read in the report by the Living Wage Commission that not all lack heart. Sir John Bond, then chairman of HSBC, was moved by a speech from a Canary Wharf cleaner. Boththen introduced the living wage. Indeed Guy Stallard of KPMG, whose company has paid it since 2006, says staff turnover is lower and morale up. Give people the means to be fully human and they will be loyal. Now eight companies on the FTSE 100 index pay the living wage. But in retail, which has the biggest proportion of low-paid workers, not a single high street name has signed up. These days our only political muscle is as consumers, choosing Fairtrade, making ethical investments. And there would be great kudos for the first of the big four supermarkets who stopped sitting on its mega-profits while adding staff wage bills to the welfare tab.41．Why does the author say that low pay of supermarket workers “should raise the blood pressure of every taxpayer”(para. 1)?A．Because the low-paid workers would pay less income tax.B．Because the tax office would give them more tax credits.C．Because the supermarket employees could only get by with customers.D．Because taxpayers would have to pay more for their in-work benefits.正确答案：D42．What does the author imply when she says that “the majority of those classified in poverty already have jobs” for the first time in British history(para. 3)?A．Unemployment remains a major issue in the U. K.B．Employment is the key to eradicate poverty.C．Instead of unemployment, low wages become the major issue.D．Social welfare is always connected to employees’ income.正确答案：C43．The author introduced Warren Buffet in paragraph 4 to illustrate that______.A．a company’s success is mainly attributable to its top executivesB．workers’ wages are no longer closely related to increased productivityC．in the Western world today the rich people win the war against the poorD．people with low pay should not resort to striking正确答案：C44．What is the argument of the retailer Next?A．As too many people applied for every job advertised, the pay could not be low.B．Record profits have already shown that workers got their living wage.C．If fewer people apply for jobs advertised, then they will consider raising salaries.D．The retailer has to play the austerity card even in better time.。
2007年9月上海中级口译笔试真题及答案及听力原文-推荐下载
2007年9月上海英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考试真题SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST （45 minutes）Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. What is distance learning? It means that you study on your own, at home or wherever suits you. Recently, the world famous Open University in the United Kingdom has designed a new style of distance learning, which is called '__ supported open learning __' （1）。
The phrase 'Open Learning' means you study ___ in your own time ___ （2）。
You read course material, work on course activities, and write __ assignments __ （3）。
2007年3月中级口译真题+答案
2007年3月中级口译真题+答案would be ________ (16) for Leonard to apologize to Mr. Todd at the next committee meeting. If the ________ (17) created by the initial mistake is public, then the apology should be public. However, if Leonard raised his voice to Mr. Todd when only the two of them ________ (18), he may apologize privately. Notice as well ________ (19) the apologies are. As soon as you realize you have made a mistake, you should ________ (20).Part B: Listening Comprehension1. StatementsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWERBOOKLET.1. (A) I have finished my lunch.(B) I can't wait to make the phone call.(C) I have to stay in the office.(D) I don't like to eat in the cafeteria.2. (A) Someone from the housing office will fix the toilet.(B) Peter will phone the housing office for you.(C) You can fix the toilet in the bathroom by yourself.(D) Peter will repair the toilet in the bathroom.3. (A) Individuals good at conversations may find it hard to make their first speech before a large audience.(B) Students trained for their first public speeches should be given lessons in a conversational setting.(C) The future of those people afraid of giving a public speech lies in the training of making wonderful conversations.(D) Most individuals prefer to make a publicspeech in a conversational setting with an attentive audience.4. (A) The trees are being cut down.(B) The trees are blocking my view.(C) The trees grow better around the office.(D) The trees help cool my office.5. (A) Everyone wants to attend to this school, as it is a private institution.(B) It is impossible for you to keep to your own in this boarding school.(C) We all get along very well in this boarding school, as if of close friends.(D) It is not important to step into other people's affairs here at this school.6. (A) Thirty percent of the German population can receive college education.(B) American students enjoy a very high rate of admission to college in the world.(C) Comparatively speaking, there are more British people than the French attending college.(D) American college students are envied by 60% of high school graduates around the world.7. (A) We should adopt a 4-year term for the directors and chairman.(B) The term of the directors and chairman will be decided in four years.(C) The term of the directors and chairman turns out to be 2 years.(D) It's reasonable to make policies of continuity and stability for the company.8. (A) No government or theory can alone cope with the complexities of the global economy. (B) No government can understand the theory of the global economy because of its complexities.(C) World War II has made the global economy more complex to be explained in terms of traditional economic theories.(D) Our government must frame a new theory so as to control the development of the global economy.9. (A) Children should be responsible for most of the fire deaths in America.(B) Adults load the houses with too much stuff, which is easy to catch fire.(C) Nineteen percent of the fires are attributed to children playing with matches.(D) Adults should exercise more and stricter precautions against fires.10. (A) If you are hungry, you'd better go to the nearest supermarket.(B) Few American consumers would choose to go shopping in Wal-Mart.(C) In 2006, shopping over the Internet rose by28 percent.(D) In 2005, about $14 billion of goods were bought over the Internet.2. Talks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you havechosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11-1411. (A) At a stationery counter.(B) At a reception desk of a hotel.(C) In the immigration office of an airport.(D) In the visa office of an embassy.12. (A) He has lost his own pen.(B) He wants to get into conversation with her.(C) He cannot find one nearby.(D) He has left his pen in Room 803.13. (A) Monday. (B) Tuesday.(C) Wednesday. (D) Thursday.14. (A) He asks the porter to carry his suitcase to his room.(B) He wants a morning call at 7 o'clock the next day.(C) He thinks the woman at the reception is very helpful.(D) He puts the woman's pen in his pocket by mistake.Questions 15-1815. (A) We should not take our ability to listen for granted.(B) We should have the right listening style for a particular situation.(C) We should try different listening styles one after another.(D) We should be faithful to one listening style all the time.16. (A) Two. (B) Three.(C) Four. (D) Five.17. (A) When we are attending an English language course.(B) When we are watching an interesting TV program.(C) When we are enjoying the murmuring of a brook.(D) When we are listening for a friend's voice ina crowd.18. (A) When we are touring around an opera house.(B) When we are watching a TV series.(C) When we are appreciating background music in a restaurant.(D) When we are attending a lecture at college.Questions 19-2219. (A) They are dominating.(B) They are not respectable.(C) The are persuasive.(D) They are very helpful.20. (A) Because she takes up a part-time job.(B) Because she works with the government.(C) Because she has a government grant.(D) Because she stays with her friend.21. (A) He is sometimes not on good terms with his parents.(B) He wants to have control over his parents.(C) He and his parents are not fond of each other.(D) He and his parents have different views about family life.22. (A) After saving up enough money.(B) Through a lot of persuasion.(C) By his outstanding performance at school.(D) With the sympathy and interference from his parents.Questions 23-2623. (A) You should be absent from work for 2 weeks before you hand in your resignation. (B) You should submit your resignation at least 2 weeks before you leave.(C) You should avoid having an exit interview with your immediate supervisor.(D) You should first settle all your personnel items with the personnel manager.24. (A) Medical insurance and retirement funds.(B) Unpaid overtime compensations and unsettled debts.(C) Replacement for your post and a raise of your salary.(D) fringe benefits and family allowance.25. (A) To help you reconsider your decision toresign.(B) To allow more time for the authority's approval.(C) To keep the schoolwork from being seriously affected.(D) To make it easier for the students to accept a new teacher.26. (A) When you just have a raise in salary.(B) When you have found a better job.(C) When you are the only one to leave.(D) When you are asked to resign.Questions 27-3027. (A) It is very mild.(B) It is warm.(C) It is snowy.(D) It is overcast.28. (A) She is creative and practical.(B) She is diligent and efficient.(C) She is professional and competitive.(D) She is determined and experienced.29. (A) Secretary.(B) CEO.(C) Teacher.(D) Chief Consultant.30. (A) Because she likes the city's mild climate that is beneficial to her health.(B) Because she loves to work with young people and share her experience.(C) Because she does not have the required certificate in business management.(D) Because she does not think that she has earned quite enough from her previous job.Part C: Listening and Translationhtt p://I. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentence in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)II. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1)(2)SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLSDirections: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1~5Filled with the euphoria of victory and dreams of their first Big Ten title in 11 years, Penn State University students rushed the field as time expired in their win over Ohio State. In thechaos that followed, the campus police struggled to keep control, and identifying the over-zealous fans seemed impossible, impossible, that is, until the police department turned to a new crime-fighting tool: .Penn State officers had warned the students in advance last October that crossing over from the stands was a safety hazard and would not be permitted. When the rules were broken, a quick search online revealed the photo album "1 rushed the field after the OSU game and lived." The album creator had even helpfully tagged all of those involved—offering the campus police an easy way to issue stem warnings. "It was really dangerous and not acceptable behavior," says Tyrone Parham, assistant director at the PSU police. "We needed to send a message. We searched the group, contacted the individuals and said that this was not tolerable behavior."Long a student favorite and the seventh most-trafficked Internet site, hasfound a new following—those who wear blue. Traditionally, campus police forces have followed noise reports in their attempt to keep Saturday nights safe. But the advent of social-networking sites is starting to revolutionize campus detective work.George Washington University police department chief Dolores Stafford claims, "Facebook exists and can certainly be a tool, but we're not out there looking at the site." Students at the college, however, are not so sure. When rumors flew that campus cops were using the student social network to infringe their right to party, GWU students decided to exact revenge. In a carefully executed plan, students filled with chatter about a raging party they were throwing, hoping the police would be watching. They were not disappointed. When the officers arrived, they found shots glasses brimming with chocolate cake, Beirut cups filled with frosting, and partygoers loaded up on sugar rather than alcohol.While the GWU police deny using the Internet to find the party, the students felt vindicated. 'Cake Party' attendee Kyle Stoneman comments: "From a larger standpoint, there's nothing immoral or illegal about the police using . I guess they'll play their game, we'll play ours, and we'll see who wins."For college police forces, however, the issue is about more than winning. Instead, they try to find that delicate balance between upholding the law (read: preventing underage drinking) and maintaining good relations with the students (read: turning a blind eye). "It's a never-ending struggle," says Fisher College Chief of Campus Police John McLaughlin. "Like any other college and university, we want this to be as open of a relationship as possible. We don't want to be too obtrusive and we also don't want to be too strict. It requires real diligence."1. Which of the following best describes ?(A) It is a popular website with the students.(B) It is crime-fighting tool invented by the police.(C) It is an electronic book of strict campus regulations.(D) It is a virtual party held on the Internet.2. What is the traditional way for the campus police to ensure security on Saturdays?(A) To patrol the campus regularly.(B) To check the students' website.(C) To monitor noises on the campus.(D) To warn the students in advance.3. What does the author try to show with the "Cake Party" incident?(A) It was wrong of the police to interfere in the party.(B) The police were definitely looking at the website.(C) The students tried to protect their own right.(D) Parties like this one were dangerous.4. What do students like Kyle Stoneman think of the police using ?(A) It is immoral.(B) It is illegal.(C) It is helpful.(D) It is understandable.5. Which of the following is the major concern of the police?(A) How to revolutionize campus detective work and combat crime effectively.(B) How to strike a balance between law enforcement and human relationship.(C) How to use without being found out by the students.(D) How to end the long standing hostility between the students and the police.Questions 6~10After SABMiller lost a bidding war for China's Harbin Brewery Group to Anheuser-Busch Coso two years ago, it looked as if America's King of Beers would reign over the Middle Kingdom as well. Anheuser-Busch, after all, had already sealed a deal with China's leading brewery,Tsingtao, and with Harbin in its stable it looked unbeatable.But SABMiller had a Plan B that could well give it the throne after all. Since losing Harbin, London-based SAB has focused its energies on a 12-year-old joint venture, China Resources Snow Breweries Ltd., that is now thriving. In June, CR Snow, which includes 46 breweries across the country, surpassed longtime leader Tsingtao for the No.l spot. For the 12 months through June, CR Snow produced nearly 40 million barrels, vs. 37 million for Tsingtao. As a result, CR Snow boasts 14.9% of the Chinese market, compared with Tsingtao's 13.9%. "Our growth has been on the back of a very consistent and targeted strategy," says Wayne Hall, SABMiller's finance director in China.Both companies want to be the toast of China. As beer sales in the U.S. and Western Europe have lost their fizz, they're growing at 8%-plus annually in China. That has helped China overtake the U.S. as the world's top beermarket.SAB was early to see the promise of China, where it has been brewing since 1994. Yet instead of targeting big cities such as Shanghai and Beijing, as its competitors did, SABMiller scooped up breweries in less affluent areas, including the northeastern rust belt and the populous inland province of Sichuan. This contrarian strategy has allowed SABMiller to build up a national footprint at bargain prices. While Anheuser ponied up $700 million—as much as $62 per barrel of annual brewing capacity—for Harbin, SABMiller has typically paid $30-$40 per barrel for its breweries. "SABMiller has made a mint by purposely buying cheaper assets," says Bear, Stearns & Co. analyst Anthony Bucalo.SABMiller has been smart in its positioning of the flagship Snow brand. To appeal to upwardly mobile youth, it slapped a shiny, modern label on the 50-year-old brew and launched a national ad campaign emphasizing the beer's freshness,complete with sweepstakes that reward winners with outdoor vacations. The marketing push is paying off as it presses into the big cities. China now accounts for nearly 20% of SABMiller's total volumes, and Snow has become China's No.l brand. Soon, it will probably surpass Miller Lite as the biggest seller in the company's cooler.6. What is this article mainly about?(A) The bidding war between SABMiller and Anheuser-Busch Cos.(B) China has overtaken the U.S as the top beer market.(C) How SABMiller beats Anheuser in global makets.(D) The success of SABMiller in China.7. What makes Snow beer one of the best-selling beers in China?(A) The company has special technologies.(B) Snow beer tastes better.(C) The company has adopted an effective marketing strategy.(D) CR Snow has purposely bought cheaperassets from SABMiller.8. The word "affluent" in paragraph 4 can be replaced by ______.(A) wealthy(B) populous(C) influential(D) fluent9. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?(A) SABMiller is an America-based beer company.(B) Snow beer is now being sold all around the world.(C) Beer sales in the U.S. and Western Europe dropped recently.(D) Snow beer is welcomed by both youths and 50-year-olds.10. What can be concluded from this article?(A) Tsingdao beer is less tasty than Snow beer.(B) Anheuser-Busch used to be the largest beer company in Europe.(C) SABMiller spent $700 million in buildingnew breweries.(D) Snow beer is likely to become the biggest seller in SABMiller.Questions 11~15In the information technology industry, it is widely acknowledged that how well IT departments of the future can fulfil their business goals will depend not on the regular updating of technology, which is essential for them to do, but on how well they can hold on to the people skilled at manipulating the newest technology. This is becoming more difficult. Best estimates of the current shortfall in IT staff in the UK are between 30,000 and 50,000, and growing.And there is no end to the problem in sight. A severe industry-wide lack of investment in training means the long-term skills base is both ageing and shrinking. Employers are chasing experienced staff in ever-decreasing circles, and,according to a recent government report, 250,000 new IT jobs will be created over the next decade.Most employers are confining themselves to dealing with the immediate problems. There is little evidence, for example, that they are stepping up their intake of raw recruits for in-house training, or retraining existing staff from other functions. This is the course of action recommended by the Computer Software Services Association, but research shows its members are adopting the short-term measure of bringing in more and more consultants on a contract basis.With IT professionals increasingly attracted to the financial rewards and flexibility of consultancy work, average staff turnover rates are estimated to be around 15%. While many companies in the financial services sector are managing to contain their losses by offering skilled IT staff "golden handcuffs"—deferred loyalty bonuses that tie them in until a certaindate—other organisations, like local governments, are unable to match the competitive salaries and perks on offer in the private sector and contractor market, and are suffering turnover rates of up to 60% a year. But while loyalty bonuses have grabbed the headlines, there are other means of holding on to staff. Some companies are doing additional IT pay reviews in the year and paying market premiums. But such measures can create serious employee relations problems among those excluded, both within and outside IT departments. Many industry experts advise employers to link bonuses to performance wherever possible. However, employers are realising that bonuses will only succeed if they are accompanied by other incentives such as attractive career prospects, training, and challenging work that meets the individual's long-term ambitions.11. According to the passage, the success of ITdepartments will depend on ______.(A) their success at retaining their skilled staff(B) the extent to which they invest in new technology(C) their attempts to recruit staff with the necessary skills(D) the ability of employees to keep up with the latest developments12. The problem referred to in the second paragraph is that ______.(A) the government needs to create thousands of new IT posts(B) the pool of skilled IT people will get even smaller in the future(C) company budgets for IT training have been decreasing steadily(D) older IT professionals have no adequate training13. What is the possible solution to the long-term problems in the IT industry?(A) To offer top rates to attract the best specialist consultants.(B) To expand company training programs for new and old employees.(C) To conduct more research into the reasons for staff leaving.(D) To ensure that permanent staff earn the same as contract staff.14. In some businesses in the financial services sector, the IT staffing problem has led to _____.(A) additional benefits for skilled staff after a specified period of time(B) more employees seeking alternative employment in the public sector(C) the loss of customers to rival organizations(D) more flexible conditions of work for their staff15. Employers accept that IT professionals are more likely to stay in their present post if they ______.(A) are set more realistic performance targets(B) have a good working relationship with staff in other departments(C) are provided with opportunities forprofessional development(D) receive a remuneration package at top market ratesQuestions 16~20Declan Mayes, President of the Music Buyers Association, is furious at a recent announcement by the recording industry regarding people downloading MP3 music files from the Internet as actual criminals.A few parallels may be instructive. If someone copies an audio music cassette for their own private use, they are, strictly speaking, breaking the law. But recording companies have usually turned a blind eye to this practice because prosecuting the few people involved would be difficult, and the financial loss to the company itself is not considered significant. Now the Music Recording Association has announced that it regards individuals downloading music from the Internet as pirates, claiming that theydamage the industry in just the same way. "The industry is completely overreacting; it'll be a laughing stock," says Mayes. "They're going to arrest some teenager downloading files in his bedroom—and sue him for thousands of dollars! This isn't going to frighten anyone into buying CDs".Mayes may have a point. There is a general consensus that CD pirates should be subjected to the full wrath of the law, but few would see an individual downloading music for his or her own pleasure in the same light. However, downloading music files illegally is not as innocuous as making private copies of audio cassettes. The scratchy, distorted cassette copy is a poor version of the original recording, whereas an MP3 file is of high quality and can be stored—on a CD, for example. It is this that makes the practice a powerful temptation for music fans, given the high cost of CDs.What does Mayes think about claims that music companies could be forced out of business bypeople downloading music illegally? That's nonsense. Music companies are always whining about high costs, but that doesn't prevent them from recording hundreds of CDs by completely unknown artists, many of whom are "packaged" by marketing departments to appeal to young consumers. The companies are simply hoping that one of these new bands or signers will be a hit, and although it can be expensive to promote new artists, the cost of manufacturing the CDs is actually very low. This last point would appear to be the focus of resentment against music companies: a CD is far cheaper to produce than its price in the shops would indicate, and profit margins for the music companies are huge. An adult with a reasonable income may not object to paying £15 for a CD of classical music, but a teenager buying a CD by the latest pop sensation may find that price rather steep—especially since the latest pop sensation is almost certain to be forgotten within a few months. And while therecording industry can't be held responsible for the evanescent nature of fame, given the teenage appetite for anything novel, it could lower the prices it charges—especially since technology is making CDs even cheaper to produce.This is what Mayes hopes will happen. If the music industry stops exploiting the music-buying public, it can survive. Everyone would rather buy a CD, with an attractive jacket and booklet, than mess around downloading files, but the price has to be reasonable. The problem isn't going to vanish if the industry carries on trying to make a quick profit. Technology has caught up with the music companies, and trying to fight it by taking people to court will only earn money for the lawyers.16. Mayes thinks that the recording industry's recent announcement ______.(A) fails to take into account the difficulties of prosecuting offenders(B) makes the industry appear ridiculous(C) will deter consumers from buying CDs(D) will encourage resentment of CD piracy17. Why does the writer feel that MP3 files are unlike copies of audio cassettes?(A) Downloaded MP3 files are generally not for private use.(B) The financial losses to the music industry are greater.(C) The price of MP3s is higher than that of audio cassettes.(D) There is a significant difference in quality.18. According to the passage, Mayes implies that music companies ______.(A) could cut costs by making cheaper CDs(B) should not promote artists who are unknown(C) are speculating when they promote new artists(D) should use different manufacturing processes19. The author points out that the music industry cannot be blamed for ______.(A) the fact that fewer teenagers are buying classical music CDs(B) the fact that fashions change quickly(C) the poor quality of modern music(D) the prices that are charged for CDs in shops20. What does Mayes think is at the root of the survival problem facing the music industry? (A) The unprecedented speed of technological development.(B) Unrealistic legal advice and practice.(C) Its failure to adopt an appropriate pricing strategy.(D) The rapidly changing nature of contemporary music.Questions 21-25http://tr.hjenglish .comThe basic story is very old indeed and familiar to most of us. The heroine, Cinderella, is treated cruelly by her stepmother and mocked by her two ugly stepsisters. And even though her father loves her, she can't tell him how unhappy she isbecause her stepmother has bewitched him. One day Cinderella's stepmother and stepsisters are invited to a ball at the royal palace. Cinderella is told she cannot go and is understandably very unhappy. However, her fairy godmother comes to the rescue and, waving her magic wand, produces some beautiful clothes for Cinderella as well as a carriage to convey her to the ball. There, she dances with the handsome prince, who falls in love with her...Just a sweet, pretty tale? Not in the view of Ellen Macintosh, who has written extensively about fairy tales. 'This story features the stock, two-dimensional characters of most fairy tales, and little character development is attempted,' she says. Indeed, although her comment does make one wonder why simplicity of this sort should be out of place in a story for children. Be that as it may, Ellen's main problem is with what the story implies. 'Instead of standing up to her cruel stepmother and absurd stepsisters, Cinderella just waits for a fairy godmother to。
2006年3月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2006年3月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING TEST 2. READING TEST 3. TRANSLATION TEST 4. LISTENING TEST 5. READING TEST 6. TRANSLATION TESTSECTION 1 LISTENING TESTPart A Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.听力原文：Marks ＆Spencer has a very good reputation for job security and looking after its staff, with things like good perks, good canteen, that sort of thing. Do those things actually motivate people in their work? I think it is, it is very important. When people have been working on the sales floor, and they may have been in from seven or eight o’clock in the morning, they can come off the sales floor and can go to the staff restaurant and obviously they can have tea, coffee, or a drink provided free of charge, and can then buy at very reduced rates a full cooked breakfast, if they want one, or a roll and cheese, in a pleasant environment, in a hygienic environment, food of the highest quality, there’re areas where they can rest and read papers, or play pool or something, yeah, that is very important because they need a break from the customers. At busy times, they need to get away from it, they need to be able to relax. In terms of all the health screening programmes we’ve got, that is very important, when people know that they will be having medicals, and the staff discount is another thing, obviously there’s an amount of merchandise that they will buy which they will be able to buy at discounted rates. For Christmas bonus, we give all our general staff a 10% of their salary which is guaranteed, and the motivational effect of that, actually, at the busiest time of the year when they’re under the most pressure and working hard, is fantastic and to see their faces as you hand them the envelope with 10% of their salary in it. I believe the environment that you work in, the quality of the people that you work with, the way you are treated, with respect and dignity, and the fact that your views are listened to, and you feel you are consulted, that makes people happy and satisfied in their job and makes them get up and come to work in the morning.Marks ＆Spencer has a very good reputation for job security and looking after its staff, with things like good perks, (1) , that sort of thing. Do those things actually (2) ? I think it is, it is very important. When people have been working (3) , and they may have been in from seven or eight o’clock in the morning, they can come off the sales floor and can go to (4) and obviously they can have tea, coffee, or (5) , and can then buy at very reduced rates (6) , if theywant one, or a roll and cheese, in a pleasant environment, (7) , food of the highest quality, there’re areas where they can (8) , or play pool or something, yeah, that is very important because they need (9) . At busy times, they need to get away from it, they need to be able to relax. In terms of all the (10) we’ve got, that is very important, when people know that they will be having medicals, and (11) is another thing, obviously there’s (12) that they will buy which they will be able to buy (13) . For Christmas bonus, we give all our general staff (14) which is guaranteed, and the (15) of that, actually, at the busiest time of the year when they’re (16) and working hard, is fantastic and to see their faces as you (17) with 10% of their salary in it. I believe the environment that you work in, (18) that you work with, the way you are treated, (19) , and the fact that your views are listened to, and you feel you are consulted, that makes people (20) and makes them get up and come to work in the morning.1．正确答案：good canteen2．正确答案：motivate people in their work3．正确答案：on the sales floor4．正确答案：the staff restaurant5．正确答案：a drink provided free of charge6．正确答案：a full cooked breakfast7．正确答案：in a hygienic environment8．正确答案：rest and read papers9．正确答案：a break from the customers 10．正确答案：health screening programmes 11．正确答案：the staff discount12．正确答案：an amount of merchandise 13．正确答案：at discounted rates14．正确答案：a 10% of their salary15．正确答案：motivational effect16．正确答案：under the most pressure 17．正确答案：hand them the envelope 18．正确答案：the quality of the people 19．正确答案：with respect and dignity20．正确答案：happy and satisfied in their jobPart B Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.听力原文：M: Hi, Susan. How’s it going? How was your first week in the AIDS ward?F: OK, I guess. But I never realized how many different things nurses have to do. There’s a lot to learn ...M: There sure is! That’s why we’re having this meeting today, Susan. As your advisor, it’s my responsibility to help you learn your new job. We’ve found that sometimes our new nurses have trouble adjusting to the AIDS ward.F: Actually, I do feel worried about being here.M: That’s normal. I felt the same way when I started. What are you nervous about?F: I know it sounds dumb, but I keep thinking that I might get infected with HIV. I know there isn’t a very big risk, but I’m still worried. My friends are worried, too.M: What are your friends saying?F: Well, some of them don’t want to be around me now. I think they’re afraid that they’ll get HIV somehow. One friend always used to give me rides in her car, but she won’t drive me to work now because she’s afraid I’ll get the virus in her car!M: That’s a difficult situation. But it’s a good opportunity to teach your friends the facts about HIV and AIDS, so they’ll know they’re wrong. And if they don’t want to learn anything, maybe they aren’t good friends. I know I lost a few friends when I started working here.F: My family’s also worried. My mother keeps saying, “You can’t be too careful!” She’s afraid that I’ll get AIDS from a patient. So I try to be very careful. I always wear the protective clothing, you know, the rubber gloves, paper clothing, and plastic glasses. But then something strange happened.M: What happened?F: I went in to see a patient, to bring him his lunch, and he looked at me and said, “Oh, you’re new here, aren’t you.”Then he was acting very angry at me after that, I think it was because of the clothing!M: Why do you think he was angry?F: I’m not sure. I was just trying to protect myself.M: I think the important thing to remember when you’re working with AIDS patients is that you’re working with people, people who are very sick, but who still need to be treated with respect. I remember what my boss told me when I first started working with AIDS patients. He said, “It’s important to isolate the AIDS virus, but not the AIDS patient. “F: What do you mean by “not isolate the AIDS patients?”M: Well, just imagine that you’re very sick. You’re lying in bed in the hospital, worrying that you’re going to die. Then, every time someone comes in the room, they’re covered from head to toe in protective clothing. How would that makeyou feel?F: Terrible! It would make me feel like I was dangerous, like no one wanted to be near me.M: Exactly. You would feel very isolated. We don’t want our AIDS patients to feel that way. It’s important that they feel just like all our other patients.F: So what should I do?M: Well, you have to think carefully before you go into someone’s room. We know that it’s impossible to get AIDS from just touching someone, or breathing the air next to them, or even sharing a glass of water. AIDS, as you know, is passed through blood or bodily fluids. So when you go into a patient’s room, think to yourself. “What am I going to do in here? Will I be in contact with blood or other bodily fluids?” For example, when you serve lunch to someone, do you think you need to wear protective clothing? Is there going to be any blood then?F: Um, no, I guess not. I guess I don’t need to wear the clothing when I serve food.M: How about when you draw someone’s blood? Do you need the protective clothing then?F: Well, there’s a chance that I could prick my finger on the needle. M: Right. In that case I’d wear gloves, just to be safe. I guess the rule to live by is to protect yourself when you need to, but don’t wear the clothing unnecessarily. Part of our job is to take care of the patients’ feelings, as well as their illness, and too much protective clothing can make them feel uncomfortable.1. What is Susan’s job?How does Susan’s family feel about her job?What should Susan do with AIDS patients, according to the man?What contributes to the spread of the AIDS virus?Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the conversation?21．A．A trainee nurse.B．A resident doctor.C．A researcher of AIDS.D．An advisor to nurses.正确答案：A22．A．They don’t care what she does at her job.B．They have bad feelings about her job.C．They think it is a good job.D．They have no worries about the job.正确答案：B23．A．To isolate them completely.B．To watch them carefully.C．To treat them with respect.D．To provide them with nutritious food.正确答案：C24．A．Sharing bodily fluids with an AIDS patient.B．Shaking hands with an AIDS patient.C．Serving meals to an AIDS patient.D．Staying very close to an AIDS patient.正确答案：A25．A．The man is Susan’s advisor.B．It is not possible to get AIDS from sharing a glass of water.C．There is a high risk of getting infected with HIV at work.D．Susan’s patient was angry when she wore protective clothing to bring himlunch.正确答案：C听力原文：United Nations UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan cancelled a two-week trip to Asia which was scheduled to start on Saturday because of the debate over the UN budget and other “urgent political issues,”the organization announced late on Thursday. Deputy spokeswoman Marie Okabe said the secretary-general had informed the governments of China, the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Viet Nam that he was postponing the visit. Vienna, Austria Two US allies in Iraq are withdrawing forces this month and a half-dozen others are debating possible pullouts or reductions, increasing pressure on Washington as calls mount to bring home US troops. Bulgaria and Ukraine will begin withdrawing their combined 1,250 troops by mid-December. If Australia, Britain, Italy, Japan, Poland and South Korea reduce or recall their personnel, more than half of the non-American forces in Iraq could be gone by next summer. Japan and South Korea help with reconstruction, but Britain and Australia provide substantial support forces and Italy and Poland train Iraqi troops and police. Their exodus would deal a blow to American efforts to prepare Iraqis to take over the most dangerous peace-keeping tasks and craft an eventual US exit strategy. Honduras More than 30,000 people in Honduras have been left homeless by Tropical Storm Gamma, which killed 34 people there earlier this month and flooded low-lying areas, the government spokesman said on Thursday. Some 90,000 people were affected by the November 18-to-20 storm, which also damaged banana farms. The relevant government departments have deployed five teams across the nation to conduct damage assessments in collaboration with local officials. Haiti Armed kidnappers hijacked a school bus carrying 14 children on Thursday, and a US missionary was shot and abducted while driving outside Haiti’ s capital, police said. The separate kidnappings came five weeks before national elections are to be held to restore democracy and stability in the troubled nation. Police said they did not appear to be politically related. The bus was taking the children to school whenseveral armed men stopped it, boarded it and drove off down a main road heading west from Port-au-Prince, the capital, Police Commissioner Francois Henry Doussous said. He also said the captors contacted the children’s families and demanded US $50,000 for their release. The children are aged 5-17. Viet Nam Viet Nam on Friday started construction of a US $2.4 billion hydropower plant, promising to take good care of the nearly 100,000 people in three provinces who will be displaced by the project. “I ask the governments of the three provinces to do a good job in relocating people and resettling them, so that people will have a better life than in their old homes,” Prime Minister Phan Van Khai said in a nationally televised speech at the launch in earthquake-prone northern Son La province. Viet Nam’s power consumption has increased by some 15 per cent annually in recent years, and the Son La plant will generate nearly one-fifth of the country’s power output when completed, said Vu Duc Thin, deputy general director of state utility electricity of Vietnam Corp.6. What did the deputy UN spokeswoman announce on Thursday?Which of the following US allies in Iraq are withdrawing forces by mid-December?How many people in Honduras were killed by Tropical Storm Gamma earlier this month?What happened in Haiti on Thursday?What project was started in Viet Nam on Friday?26．A．The UN Secretary-General had cancelled his trip to Europe.B．The UN Secretary-General would visit Asia at a later date.C．The UN Secretary-General would discuss the UN budget with the US.D．The UN Secretary-General had withheld the debate over the budget.正确答案：B27．A．Bulgaria and Ukraine.B．Australia and Britain.C．Italy and Japan.D．Poland and South Korea.正确答案：A28．A．18 to 20.B．30.C．34D．Around 90.正确答案：C29．A．National elections.B．Arrest of a U. S. missionary.C．Hijacking of a civil airplane.D．Two separate kidnappings.正确答案：D30．A．Relocating people from an earthquake-prone province.B．Constructing more posts to predict about earthquakes.C．Economizing on electricity nationally.D．Building a hydropower plant.正确答案：D听力原文：M: Could you tell us something about the programme?F: Basically, the soap opera is about life in the East End of London, i.e. the Cockney way of life but that isn’t what, you know, the most important thing about the programme; that isn’t the reason for its success. The reason for its success is it deals with social problems that other soap operas have never dealt with before. I mean our aim isn’t to shock but it’s just that we can’t, we believed that we couldn’t do a realistic situation drama about the East End without incorporating topics like drugs, homosexuality, divorce, adultery, ai1 those things that other soap operas have only skimmed on prison and breaking the law ...M: Very nicely.F: Prison, nervous breakdowns—I mean it’s not just all gloom and doom... There is a lot of humor and there is a lot of love and warmth in the programme as well; so really if anyone says what is EastEnders about? It’s not about Cockneys, I mean, because the situations that we deal with are characteristic of a lot of inner city communities all over Britain, and I’m sure, in other cities in the world. But it’s just that we cover them with an edge on how a Cockney and how a Cockney community reacts and deals with those problems.M: What part do you play?F: I play a girl called Michelle Fowler; well no, Michelle Holloway to start with, she was in a family. She lived in the same house with her mother and father, and her grandmother. The son run away and then the mother had another baby and then she got pregnant by the local landlord—this is Michelle got pregnant, not my morn—by the landlord of the local pub, which nobody knows about; no one knows who the father is—that was the big storyline in the first year. And after she had the baby she married a local lad who she’d known for a few years.M: Is she at all like you?F: Um, she speaks like me, that’s where it ends. No she’s not at all like me; I mean, my circumstances are ... if I hadn’t gone into acting there probably would have been more similarities but because my life is changed and my circumstances have changed so much over the past couple of years ... the only similarities between me and Michelle is our accent.M: Do you like her?F: Yeah I like her. I think she’s very brave, very courageous to have the baby and very strong to keep the consequences of everyone knowing who the father was, which would just be so catastrophic ...M: Catastrophic or something ...F: I’m such a good speaker! Yeah, catastrophic or something or other; so she’s got the strength to keep such a big secret with her and shebelieves that she’ll keep it with her for the rest of her life.11. What type of programme are they talking about?What is the reason for the success of the programme?Who is the woman being interviewed?What was the big storyline in the first year?Why does the woman say Michelle is very brave?31．A．A talk show.B．A case investigation.C．A soap opera.D．A report on the East End of London.正确答案：C32．A．It shocks the audience.B．It is a realistic situation drama.C．It is the first programme that tells about the Cockney way of life.D．It deals with the problems other similar programmes have not done before.正确答案：D33．A．The anchorwoman of the programme.B．The star actress playing a girl in the soap opera.C．The landlady of a local pub in the East End of London.D．The producer of the programme.正确答案：B34．A．Michelle’s brother ran away from home.B．Michelle’s mother had another baby.C．Michelle married the landlord of a local pub.D．Michelle got pregnant and no one knew who the father was.正确答案：D35．A．Because Michelle decided to have the baby.B．Because Michelle married a local lad she had known for a few years.C．Because Michelle revealed who was the father of her new-born child.D．Because Michelle got the strength to keep the secret for the rest of her life.正确答案：A听力原文：With thousands of people traveling every day as a part of their jobs, there is great concern about the effect of jet lag on business travelers. In the world of international business, many men and women have trouble performing their jobs because they feel tired and sick from all their traveling. Businesspeople are not the only professionals who suffer from jet lag. Professional sports players also find that jet lag affects their performance. I have recently read a health report and it looks at the problem of jet lag in professional baseball. You see, researchers have wondered about how jet lag affects the job performance of people who travel for a living. The problem is that it is very difficult to measure exactly how jet lag affects most travelers, how can we measure the performance of, say, an executive who travels to another country to make a business deal? This is where the idea of looking at baseball comes in, so by looking at whether baseball teams win or lose games, researchers believe that we can see how jet lag affects performance in sports, business, and other jobs. In the study, doctors looked at baseball records from 2001 to 2004. They studied the performance of 19 teams from the Eastern and Pacific time zones, looking at the results of the two games immediately after a team traveled from one coast to the other. The study shows that changing time zones may hurt the performance of West Coast baseball teams traveling east for a game, but not East Coast teams traveling west. The reason, the researchers think, is that people traveling east suffer more from the symptoms of jet lag. An example of this effect can be seen in the best-of-seven league championship series played in 2003 between the San Francisco Giants and the Atlanta Braves. The games are played in the home cities of each team, so in 2003 the Atlanta Braves and the San Francisco Giants played the first two games in Atlanta, the next three games in San Francisco, and the last two games in Atlanta. In this contest, Atlanta won four of the seven games and was the winner of the series. Researchers believe that the San Francisco Giants lost because they played more games away from home and therefore had more jet lag. We know from past studies that the symptoms of jet lag are stronger when a person travels east. This is because when we travel east, our day becomes shorter, and a shorter day is more difficult to adjust to. So the players from San Francisco were at a disadvantage when they traveled east for a game in Atlanta. The researchers think that the San Francisco team had more of the symptoms caused by jet lag-problems such as headaches, tiredness, and difficulty thinking clearly. All of these symptoms could result in poor performance by baseball players. However, this is only the first study to look at the effect of jet lag on sports, and more research is needed. Other scientists say that this research doesn’t prove that jet lag causes poor performance in baseball games. This study only looked at baseball records for three years, and much more information must be studied before we can decide if the losses are truly a result of jet lag and not some other reason. What about the “home team advantage”? Yes, the positive effects of the “home team advantage” are well known. It’s much easier for a team to play a game at home where they can sleep in their own beds and where the local fans can come to the game and cheer for the team. However, jet lag adds to the disadvantage for the team that’s playing away from home. So when the San Francisco team traveled east to play in Atlanta, they were at. a disadvantage in two ways. Theywere playing away from home and they had strong jet lag from traveling east.16. How do businesspeople often feel from all their travelingAccording to the report, why did researchers study jet lag in baseball?Researchers analyzed the performance of some baseball teams. Where are these teams from?Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a symptom of jet lag?Which of the following statements is true according to the health report?36．A．Depressed and disappointed.B．Tired and sick.C．Sad and lonely.D．Confused and frustrated.正确答案：B37．A．Because they think people are usually very interested in sports.B．Because they are not interested in how jet lag affects businesspeople.C．Because baseball teams want to know how to win more games.D．Because it is difficult to measure how jet lag affects other types of travelers.正确答案：D38．A．All over the United States.B．The Eastern and Pacific time zones.C．The Pacific time zone only.D．The southern part of the country.正确答案：B39．A．Tiredness.B．Difficulty in thinking clearly.C．Stomachaches.D．Headaches.正确答案：C40．A．Teams are more likely to win when they play a game at home.B．Baseball teams from the West Coast win more games when they travel east.C．The symptoms of jet lag are stronger when a person travels west.D．This study definitely proves that jet lag causes poor performance in baseball games.正确答案：ASECTION 2 READING TESTDirections: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Pupils at GCSE are to be allowed to abandon learning traditional “hard”science, including the meaning of the periodic table, in favour of “soft” science such as the benefits of genetic engineering and healthy eating. The statutory requirement for pupils to learn a science subject will be watered down under a new curriculum introduced next year. There will be no compulsion to master the periodic table—the basis of chemistry—nor basic scientific laws that have informed the work of all the great scientists such as Newton and Einstein. The changes, which the government believes will make science more “relevant” to the 21st century, have been attacked by scientists as a “dumbing down”of the subject. In June the government had to announce financial incentives to tackle a shortage of science teachers. Academics have estimated that a fifth of science lessons are taught by teachers who are not adequately qualified. Most children now study for the double-award science GCSE, which embraces elements of biology, chemistry and physics. This GCSE will be scrapped and ministers have agreed that from next year all 14-years-old will be required to learn about the general benefits and risks of contemporary scientific developments, in a new science GCSE. A harder science GCSE will also be introduced as an optional course. One expert involved in devising the new system believes it will halve the number of state school pupils studying “hard”science. Independent schools and more talented pupils in the state sector are likely to shun the new papers in favour of the GCSEs in the individual science disciplines of physics, chemistry and biology. These will continue to require pupils to achieve an understanding of scientific principles. The new exams were devised after proposals by academics at King’s College London, who told ministers that science lessons were often “dull and boring”and required pupils to recall too many facts. Their report said: “Contemporary analyses of the labour market suggest that our future society will need a larger number of individuals with a broader understanding of science both for their work and to enable them to participate as citizens in a democratic society. “However, Professor Colin Blakemore, chief executive of the Medical Research Council, warned that reducing the “hard” science taught in schools would create problems. “I can understand the government’s motives,”he said. “There is a crisis of public confidence in science which is reducing the progress of policy on such issues as nuclear energy and stem cell research. But sixth-formers are already arriving at university without the depth of knowledge required.”Others endorse the new approach. Results at North Chadderton upper school in Oldham—one of 80 schools piloting the new “softer”GCSE, named Twenty first Century Science have improved. Martyn Overy, the head of science, said: “The proportion getting higher grades in science went up from 60% to 75%. The course kept their interest, had more project work and was more relevant. “As part of their course, the pupils studied what kind of food they needed to keep fit and healthy. Critics say it is only marginally more demanding than following the advice of Nigella Lawson, the television chef, who promotes the benefits of eating proper meals instead of snacking from the fridge. Some science teachers are skeptical. Mo Afzal, head of science at the independent Warwick school, said. “These changes will widen the gap between independent and state schools. Even the GCSE that is designed for those going on to A-level science is not as comprehensive as the test it replaces.” John Holman, director of the National Science Learning Centre at York University, who advised the government on the content of the new system, said: “The new exam is not dumbing down. The study of how science works is more of a challenge than rote learning. “SCIENCE LESSONS Out In Periodic table______ The drugs debate______ Ionic equations______ Slimming issues______ Structure of the atom______ Smoking and health______ Boyle’s law______ IVF treatment______ Ohm’s law______ Nuclear controversy______41．The phrase “watered down” in the sentence “The statutory requirement for pupils to learn a science subject will be watered down under a new curriculum introduced next year. “ (para. 1) can best be replaced by which of the following?A．removed completelyB．reduced much in forceC．revised greatlyD．reinforced to a certain extent正确答案：B42．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．The government had to use financial incentives to attract more science teachers.B．Some of the secondary school science teachers are not adequately qualified.C．The new science GCSE will include the benefits and risks of contemporary scientific developments.D．A harder science GCSE will also be introduced as a compulsory course.正确答案：D43．What is Professor Blakemore’s attitude towards the new requirement of science GCSE?A．He fully appreciates the government’s motives in revising GCSE science。
上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题2008年3月
上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题2008年3月一、English-Chinese Translation （本大题1小题．每题50.0分，共50.0分。
Translate the following passage（s） into Chinese ）第1题Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.What today's global market economy teaches many of us who are involved in political life is that even when they are inconvenient, the laws of economies, like the laws of physics, cannot be repealed for the convenience of governments. The economic principles for national success are as difficult to implement as they are easy to state. There is a paradox in all our countries. Just as a new global economy creates more to look forward to than ever before, it also brings more uncertainty and more change to worry about than ever before.That is why the challenge of crafting economy policy in your country as in mine is one of balance. A balance between moving toward necessary objectives and maintaining stability. A balance between responding to global realities and upholding domestic traditions. And a balance between the virtues of competition as the best known motivator and driver of success, and the importance of cohesion and cooperation as sources of strength for our societies. These balances will have to be struck and calibrated every year in every country in this new global economy. If one looks at the success over the long term of the economy in any developed country, more than any scientific innovation, what has been important is a potent social innovation. This is what one might call the intangible infrastructure of a modern market economy.【正确答案】：答案:当今全球市场经济教给我们许多从政者的道理是，经济学法则如同物理法则一样，即使会带来诸多不便，也不能为了政府的便宜行事而取消。
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷及答案-上海卷
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (上海卷)英语试卷本试卷分为第I 卷和第II卷两部分。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第I卷考生注意：1.答第I卷前，考生务必在答题卡和答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、交验码，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号和交验码。
2. 第I卷（1-16小题和25-84小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷一律不给分。
第I卷中的第17-24小题和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上一律不给分。
I. listening comprehensionPart A: Short ConversationDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Coke. B. Coffee. C. Tea. D. Water.2. A. At a restaurant. B. At a studio. C. At a concert. D. At a theatre.3. A. Relieved. B. Worried. C. Confused. D. Depressed.4. A. The Browns. B. The Browns’ son. C. The postman. D. The neighbour.5. A. 7:00. B. 7:10. C. 9:00. D. 9:10.6. A. The ring is not hers. B. She doesn’t have gold rings.C. She prefers gold to silver.D. She lost her silver ring.7. A. The screen doesn’t have to be cleaned.B. The keyboard also needs cleaning.C. The man shouldn’t do the cleaning.D. There’s not enough time to clean both.8. A. The driver will stop the bus immediately.B. The guy by the door will help the woman.C. The woman should check the map.D. He will tell the woman when to get off.9. A. She dislikes fireworks. B. She has plans for the evening.C. She doesn’t feel like going out.D. She has to get theatre tickets.10. A. They can’t see the stars clearly.B. They’re not in the city tonight.C. They’re looking at the stars from the city.D. They’re talking about movie stars.Part B PassagesDirections: In part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It can make her famous. B. It is easy and rewarding.C. It is dangerous but exciting.D. It has its moving moment.12. A. Somebody was killed. B. Nobody was injured.C. Karen was physically hurt.D. Many buildings exploded.13. A. A fierce war. B. A serious injury.C. A terrible explosion.D. A brave journalist.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report.14. A. Internet use is increasing quickly in rural and urban areas.B. More and more rural residents have Internet access.C. People have a limited choice on Internet providers.D. City residents use the Internet frequently.15. A. Over 2 million. B. Around 6 million. C. 23 million. D. 17 million.16. A. More girls have their own websites than boys.B. 1 in 4 kids have Internet access from home.C. Most kids think they get too little time online at school.D. Internet connection at home is quicker than that at school.Part C Longer ConversationsDirections: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in me numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.B1anks l 7 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Ⅱ. Grammar and V ocabularyDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly ________ size and shape.A. onB. fromC. byD. in26. The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to ______ who can capture the tiger alive or dead.A. bothB. othersC. anyoneD. another27. Alan is a careful driver, but he drives ______ of my friends.A. more carefullyB. the most carefullyC. less carefullyD. the least carefully28. --- Did you tidy your room?--- No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors.A. hadB. haveC. have hadD. will have29. --- Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.--- Great! You ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it.A. mustB. shouldC. must haveD. should have30. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years.A. discoveredB. have discoveredC. had been discoveredD. have been discovered31. --- How was the televised debate last night?--- Super! Rarely ______ so much media attention.A. a debate attractedB. did a debate attractC. a debate did attractD. attracted a debate32. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. ______ it was!A. What a dangerous sceneB. What dangerous a sceneC. How a dangerous sceneD. How dangerous the scene33. Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language.A. asB. thatC. whichD. where34. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him.A. callingB. calledC. being calledD. to call35. There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.A. being persuaded persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade36. The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.A. to be completedB. having been completedC. completedD. being completed37. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it38. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully.A. thoughB. beforeC. untilD. if39. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhetherD. Where40. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is ―programmed‖ to make us do so.A. whenB. whyC. whetherD. that41. At minus 130℃, a living cell can be ______ for a thousand years.A. sparedB. protectedC. preservedD. developed42. Since Tom ______ downloaded a virus into his computer, he can not open the file now.A. readilyB. horriblyC. accidentallyD. irregularly43. My morning ______ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.A. drillB. actionC. regulationD. routine44. John was dismissed last week because of his ______ attitude towards his job.A. informalB. casualC. determinedD. earnestIII. ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo (单独的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them 45 . They were also constant communication with people on the earth. 46 , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine (潜水艇) voyages. It will also happen on 47 space flights in the future. Will there be special problem of adjustment under such conditions?Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of 48 is. When men are 49 together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very 50 .Apparently, although no one wants to be 51 all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called a stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of 52 or stress.People who are well-adjusted are able to 53 stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in 54 our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress.45. A. tired B. asleep C. conscious D. busy46. A. So far B. After all C. However D. Therefore47. A. long B. fast C. dangerous D. direct48. A. fuel B. entertainment C. adjustment D. health49. A. shut up B. held up C. brought up D. picked up50. A. pleasing B. annoying C. common D. valuable51. A. noisy B. alone C. personal D. sociable52. A. emphasis B. conflict C. power D. pressure53. A. handle B. create C. affect D. investigate54. A. becoming B. choosing C. ordering D. promoting(B)One topic is rarely mentioned in all the talk of improving standards in our schools: the almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching. As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total. 55 the faults already found out in the education system as a whole —such as child-centred learning, the ―discovery‖method, and the low expectations by teachers of pupils —there have been several serious 56 which have a direct effect on language teaching.The first is the removal from the curriculum (课程) of the thorough teaching of English 57 . Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun, the subject of a sentence from its object, or the difference between the past, present, or future.Another important error is mixed-ability teaching, or teaching in ability groups so 58 that the most able groups are 59 and are bored while the least able are lost and 60 bored. Strangely enough, few head teachers seem to be in favour of mixed-ability school football teams.Progress depends on memory, and pupils start to forget immediately they stop having 61 lessons. This is why many people who attended French lessons at school, even those who got good grades, have forgotten it a few years later. 62 they never need it, they do not practice it.Most American schools have accepted what is inevitable and 63 modern languages, even Spanish, from the curriculum. Perhaps it is time for Britain to do the same, and stop 64 resources on a subject which few pupils want or need.55. A. Due to B. In addition to C. Instead of D. In spite of56. A. errors B. situations C. systems D. methods57. A. vocabulary B. culture C. grammar D. literature58. A. wide B. similar C. separate D. unique59. A. kept out B. turned down C. held back D. left behind60. A. surprisingly B. individually C. equally D. hardly61. A. extra B. traditional C. basic D. regular62. A. Although B. Because C. Until D. Unless63. A. restored B. absorbed C. prohibited D. withdrawn64. A. wasting B. focusing C. exploiting D. sharingIV. Reading ComprehensionDirections：Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them mere are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one mat fits best according to me information given in me passage you have just read.(A)What do you want to be when you grow up? A teacher? A doctor? How about an ice-cream taster?Yes, there really is a job where you can get paid to taste ice-cream. Just ask John Harrison, an ―Official Taste Tester‖ for the past 21 years. Testing helps manufacturers to be sure of a product’s quality. During his career Harrison has been responsible for approving large quantities of the sweet ice cream —as well as for developing over 75 flavors (味道).Some people think that it would be easy to do this job, after all, you just have to like ice cream, right? No —there’s more to the job than that, says Harrison, who has a degree in chemistry. He points out that a dairy or food-science degree would be very useful to someonewanting a career in this ―cool‖ field.In a typical morning on the job, Harrison tastes and assesses 60 ice-cream samples. He lets the ice cream warm up to about 12℉. Harrison explains, ―You get more flavor from warmer ice cream, which is why some kids like to stir it, creating ice-cream soup.‖While the ice cream warms up, Harrison looks over the samples and grades each one on its appearance. ―Tasting begins with the eyes,‖he explains. He checks to see if the ice cream is attractive and asks himself, ―Does the product have the color expected from that flavor?‖ Next it’s time to taste!Continuing to think up new ideas, try out new flavors, and test samples from so many kinds of ice cream each day keeps Harrison busy but happy —working at one cool job.65. What is John Harrison’s job?A. An official.B. An ice-cream taster.C. A chemist.D. An ice-cream manufacturer.66. According to John Harrison, to be qualified in the ―cool field‖, it is helpful to ______.A. keep a diary of workB. have a degree in related subjectsC. have new ideas every dayD. find out new flavors each day67. What does Harrison do first when testing ice cream?A. He stirs the ice cream.B. He examines the color of the ice cream.C. He tastes the flavor of the ice cream.D. He lets the ice cream warm up.68. Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage?A. Tasting with EyesB. Flavors of Ice CreamC. John Harrison’s LifeD. One Cool Job(B)69. The Fresh Water series at 9 PM ________.A. explores the lakes, rivers and the creatures in themB. is devoted to the freshwater creatures in the worldC. explains the relationship among inhabitants on the earthD. focuses on the deepest river on the planet70. The phrase ―stow away‖ most probably means ―_________‖.A. hide secretlyB. talk excitedlyC. operate easilyD. guide successfully71. A mystery story adapted from Agatha Christie’s novel will be shown on ______.A. BBC1B. BBC2C. ITV1D. Channel 4(C)Mail carriers will be delivering some good news and some bad news this week.The bad news: Stamp prices are expected to rise 2 cents in May to 41 cents, the Postal Regulatory Commission announced yesterday. The good news: With the introduction of a ―forever stamp,‖ it may be the last time Americans have to use annoying 2-or-3-cent stamps to make up postage differences.Beginning in May, people would be able to purchase the stamps in booklets of 20 at the regular rate of a first-class stamp. As the name implies, ―forever stamps‖ will keep their first-class mailing value forever, even when the postage rate goes up.The new ―forever stamp‖is the United States Postal Service’s (USPS) answer to the complaints about frequent rate increases. The May increases will be the fifth in a decade. Postal rates have risen because of inflation (通货膨胀), competition from online bill paying, and therising costs of employee benefits, including healthcare, says Mark Saunders, a spokesman for USPS.The USPS expects some financial gain from sales of the ―forever stamp‖and the savings from not printing as many 2-or-3-cent stamps. ―It’s not your grandfather’s stamp,‖says Mr. Saunders. ―It could be your great-grandchildren’s stamp.‖Other countries, including Canada, England, and Finland use similar stamps.Don Schilling, who has collected stamps for 50 years, says he’s interested in the public’s reaction. ―This is an entirely new class of stamps.‖ Mr. Schilling says. He adds that he’ll buy the stamps because he will be able to use them for a long period of time, not because they could make him rich —the volume printed will be too large for collectors. ―We won’t be able to send our kids to college on these,‖ he says, laughing.The USPS board of governors has yet to accept the Postal Regulatory Commission’s decision, but tends to follow its recommendations. No plans have been announced yet for the design of the stamps.72. The main purpose of introducing a ―forever stamp‖ is ______.A. to reduce the cost of printing 2-or-3-cent stampsB. to help save the consumers’ cost on first-class mailingC. to respond to the complaints about rising postal ratesD. to compete with online bill paying73. By saying ―It could be your great-grandchildren’s stamp‖, Mr. Saunders means that foreverstamps ________.A. could be collected by one’s great-grandchildrenB. might be very precious in great-grandchildren’s handsC. might have been inherited from one’s great-grandfathersD. could be used by one’s great-grandchildren even decades later74. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The investment in forever stamps will bring adequate reward.B. America will be the first country to issue forever stamps.C. The design of the ―forever stamp‖ remains to be revealed.D. 2-or-3-cent stamps will no longer be printed in the future.75. What can be concluded from the passage?A. With forever stamps, there will be no need to worry about rate changes.B. Postal workers will benefit most from the sales of forever stamps.C. The inflation has become a threat to the sales of first-class stamps.D. New interest will be aroused in collecting forever stamps.(D)The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again.In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers,a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made ofcardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year. For his final year project at the University of the West of England, James Dunlop came up with a material that can be recycled. And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof.Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect, who has used cardboard to make big buildings including churches, Mr. Dunlop used cardboard material for his tents, which he called Myhabs.The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr. Dunlop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business.To raise money for the idea, he toured the City’s private companies which fund new business and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He introduced his idea to four of Mint’s directors and won their support. Mint has committed around £500,000 to MyHab and taken a share of 30 per cent in Mr. Dunlop’s business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer, before being marketed fully next year.Mr. Dunlop said that the design, which accommodates two people, could have other uses, such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics.For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhab team before the festival-goers arrive and removed by the company afterwards.They can be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior (外部的) advertising space.The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants, with Glastonbury having some 150,000 each year. Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK. The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious.76. ―Eco-friendly tents‖ in paragraph 1 refer to tents _______.A. economically desirableB. favorable to the environmentC. for holding music performancesD. designed for disaster relief77. Mr. Dunlop established his business ______.A. independently with an interest-free loan from MintB. with the approval of the City’s administrationC. in partnership with a finance groupD. with the help of a Japanese architect78. It is implied in the passage that _______.A. the weather in the UK is changeable in summerB. most performances at British festivals are given in the open airC. the cardboard tents produced by Mr. Dunlop can be user-tailoredD. cardboard tents can be easily put up and removed by users.79. The passage is mainly concerned with ______.A. an attempt at developing recyclable tentsB. some efforts at making full use of cardboardsC. an unusual success of a graduation projectD. the effects of using cardboard tents on music festivals(E)Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A—F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.80.There were the older jazz musicians who hung around our house when I was young. I saw how much they practiced, how serious they were about their art. I knew then I had to work just as hardif I wanted to succeed. Of course, my father inspired me a lot, and many teachers took the time to 81.Yes. We ’ve done such a poor job with music education because, as a society, we haven ’t maintained the kind of education that a true artist and musician needs. Young people haven ’t been able to equate romance and talent with music. For instance, most of the people who make it in the music industry today have to look good. How they sound is secondary. Sarah Vaughan, Bessie Smith, Ella Fitzgerald — those big, romantic queens of jazz music wouldn ’t make it in today ’s 82. cadence of their language. I’d call it folk music. When I’m away from home, I make a point of ’s on the radio.83 The same music is on the radio all over the world, and the American sound is overwhelming. Even the pop music that ’s produced and created in foreign countries has that American beat, that underscore of funk. As a musician, I’m not interested in hearing recycled versions of the same genre over and over. Any music that doesn ’t have a development section just isn ’t interesting to 84. The music press has so much to introduce these days, and jazz is just a small fraction of it. Because some people are intimidated by jazz, they don ’t cover it unless it ’s a big name. new jazz musicians don ’t get much of break. A lot of editors don ’t say anything about jazz these days unless it ’s Marsalis. That ’s a shame. What VH1 is doing with their Save the Music campaign is phenomenal. They ’re getting all these instruments out to needy kids. It ’s the kind of thing all networks should be doing.第II 卷（共45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、 他们的新房子离学校很远。
上海英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试E1参考答案
参考答案: SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST Part A: Spot Dictation 1. the majority of employees 2. that affect them 3. two-way communication 4. within the company 5. set in motion 6. between managers and staff 7. value consultation with our workforce 8. to perform effectively 9. know the basic facts 10. more efficient 11. give you one example 12. new products 13. some outline about a company’s profit 14. its competitors 15. future product plans 16. hear about it 17. ignore the face 18. communicate with supervisors 19. what is going on 20. they haven’t been told formally Part B: Listening Comprehension 1-5 B D C A C 6-10 C B C A C 11-15 C A D A D 16-20 A B D A C SECTION 2: READING TEST 1-5 D D B C B 6-10 B C B D A 11-15 C D B A D 16-20 D B C C B SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST 如果各公司断然采取西⽴国家裁员的做法以增加利润，⽇本⼀度令⼈羡慕的失业率将上升⾄两位数。
上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟高级阅读(四)
上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟高级阅读(四)(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、SECTION 1 READING TEST(总题数：4，分数：50.00)Audiences from minority ethnic groups complained about tokenism, negative stereotyping and simplistic portrayal of their communities on television in a report published yesterday. But programmes such as the comedy shows Goodness Gracious Me and Ali G and the long-running soap Coronation Street were praised as being steps in the right direction.The report, Multicultural Broadcasting: Concept and Reality, was released by the BBC, the Broadcasting Standards Commission, the Independent Television Commission and the Radio Authority.It explores attitudes towards multicultural broadcasting from the perspective of the audience and from within the television, radio and advertising industries. All those questioned from minority ethnic groups said their country of origin was not represented at all or was negatively portrayed on television. There was also a sense of insufficient coverage of events concerning their countries of origin.The perspectives of ethnic and racial minorities were not featured sufficiently on terrestrial television, according to 69% of those working in television. Of the radio sample, 45% agreed. There was concern about stereotypical portrayal of certain issues. Groups from the Asian subcontinent spoke of the way in which arranged marriages were presented on television. They felt treatment of the issue was neither accurate nor reflective of the way in which the system had changed.The issue of tokenism was also significant—some people felt characters from minority ethnic groups were included in programmes because it was expected they should be, resulting in characters who were ill-drawn and unimportant. Audiences felt broadcasters had a social duty to include authentic and fair representations of minorities as it would foster understanding of different cultures and allow children to see themselves represented positively. It was seen as important that minority groups should be included in soap operas or game shows, as they have high viewing figures. They should also be more represented as presenters in news and documentary programming. Audiences from the subcontinent said they did not want to be labelled Asian and called for their distinctive cultural identities to be acknowledged. Similarly, those within mixed-race black groups said their issues were rarely represented.Throughout the audience research was an underlying feeling that as all people paid a licence fee for the BBC, it had a greater obligation to cater to minority tastes. Younger white participants tended to find it divisive to have programmes aimed at particular groups, and thought it better to concentrate on achieving fairer representation in the mainstream.Both audience and industry groups agreed that although progress had been made in the past five years, there still needed to be better representation of minorities on screen and behind the scenes. It is apparent in the report that ethnic minority groups are still under-represented in employment. Only 32% of people in radio and 22% of those in TV agreed that numbers of people from minorities in decision-making roles had increased in the last five years. But the overwhelming feeling among those working in the advertising industry was that commercial objectives should take priority. Paul Bolt, director of the BSC, said: "The report shows where things are now and what can be donein developing future policies."Weakness in numbers● The number of people from minority ethnic groups on air has increased.● Only 32% of the TV industry sample thought there had been a growth in programmi ng relevant to the groups. In radio the figure was 63%.● Only 32% of those working in radio and 22% in television agreed the number of ethnic minoritystaff in decision-making roles had increased in the last five years.● The perspectives of ethnic and racial minorities were not featured sufficiently on terrestrial TV, according to 69% of those in television. Of the radio sample, 45% agreed this was true.（分数：6.00）(1).Which of the following CANNOT be true according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.The issue of tokenism on television implies the prejudice against ethnic minorities.B.The report is based only on the investigation of the audience from minority groups. √C.People working in television, radio and advertising industries are all investigated.D.People working in the advertising industry are more concerned with commercial targets.解析：[解析] 对文章基本内容的理解。
2007年9月上海中级口译笔试真题及答案及听力原文
2007年9月上海英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考试真题SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST （45 minutes）Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONL Y ONCE.What is distance learning? It means that you study on your own, at home or wherever suits you. Recently, the world famous Open University in the United Kingdom has designed a new style of distance learning, which is called '__ supported open learning __' （1）。
The phrase 'Open Learning' means you study ___ in your own time ___ （2）。
You read course material, work on course activities, and write __ assignments __ （3）。
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上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题2007年3月一、English-Chinese Translation （本大题1小题．每题50.0分，共50.0分。
Translate the following passage（s） into Chinese ）第1题Directions:Translate the UNDERLINED PARTS of the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Well before his death, Peter Drucker had already become a legend. Over his 95 prolific years, he had been a true Renaissance man, and teacher of religion, philosophy and political science. But his most important contribution, clearly, is in business. What John Keynes is to economics, Druckers is to management.In the 1980s Peter Druckers began to have grave doubts about business and even capitalism itself. He no longer saw the corporation as the ideal space to create community. In fact, he saw nearly the opposite, a place where self-interest had triumphed over the egalitarian principles he long championed. In both his writings and speeches, Druckers emerged as one of Corporate America's most important critics. When conglomerates were the rage, he preached against reckless mergers and acquisitions. When executives were engaged in empire-building, he argued against excess staff and the inefficiencies of numerous "assistants to".In a 1984 essay he persuasively argued that CEO pay had rocketed out of control and implored boards to hold CEO compensation to no more than 20 times what the rank and file made. He maintained that multi-million-dollar severance packages had perverted management's ability to look out anything but itself. What particularly enraged him was the tendency of corporate managers to reap massive earnings while firing thousands of their workers. "This is morally and socially unforgivable," wrote Druckers, "and we will pay a heavy price for it. \【正确答案】：答案:彼得·德鲁克在去世前早就是一个传奇人物。
在其著述丰沛的95年岁月里，他是一个真正意义上的开拓者，宗教、哲学和政治学的导师。
但是，显而易见他最重要的贡献是在工商领域。
犹如凯恩斯之于经济学，德鲁克则之于工商管理。
上世纪80年代，德鲁克开始对工商业乃至资本主义制度本身产生了深深的怀疑。
他不再把公司看作是创建社团的理想之所。
事实上，他看到的几乎是相反的一面：在公司里，一己私利已胜过他长期捍卫的平等原则。
在他的著述和演讲中，他都表现出自己是公司化美国最重要的批判者之一。
在联合大企业风靡之时，他竭力反对不顾后果的兼并和收购。
当企业主管人从事建立帝国的时候，他据理反对公司的人员超编，反对众多的“助理”们办事效率低下。
在1984年所写的一篇文章中，他令人信服地指出首席执行官的薪水上涨已失控，恳请董事会将他们的薪金报酬控制在普通员工所得的20倍以内。
他认为高达数百万美元的离职金已经将管理层引入歧途，使得他们只顾及自身利益。
特别令其愤怒不已的是这样一种倾向，即公司管理人在解雇数以千计的工人的同时却攫取巨大的收益。
他写道：“这样做在道德上、社会道义上是不可原谅的。
我们将为此付出沉重的代价。
”[本题分数]： 50.0 分【答案解析】二、Reading Comprehension（共20小题,共40.0分）In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with four (A, B, C and D) suggested answers or ways of finishing. You must choose the one which you think fits best.第1题When Harvey Ball took a black felt-tip pen to a piece of yellow paper in 1963, he never could have realized that he was drafting the face that would launch 50 million buttons and an eventual war over copyright. Mr. Ball, a commercial artist, was simply filling a request from Joy Young of the Worcester Mutual Insurance Company to create an image for their "smile campaign" to coach employees to be more congenial in their customer relations. It seems there was a hunger for a bright grin-the original order of 100 smiley-face buttons were snatched up and an order for 10,000 more was placed at once.The Worcester Historical Museum takes this founding moment seriously. "Just as you'd want to know the biography of General Washington, we realized we didn't know the comprehensive history of the Smiley Face," says Bill Wallace, the executive director of the historical museum where the exhibit "Smiley-An American Icon" opens to the public Oct. 6 in Worcester, Mass. Worcester, often referred to by neighboring Bostonians as "that manufacturing town off Route 90," lays claim to several other famous commercial firsts, the monkey wrench and shredded wheat among them. Smiley Face is a particularly warm spot in the city's history. Through a careful historical analysis, Mr. Wallace says that while the Smiley Face birthplace is undisputed, it took several phases of distribution before the distinctive rounded-tipped smile with one eye slightly larger than the other proliferated in the mainstream.As the original buttons spread like drifting pollen with no copyright attached, a bank in Seattle next realized its commercial potential. Under the guidance of advertising executive David Stern, the University Federal。