英语宾语补足语用法详解

Contents 英语宾语补足语用法详解 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 一、概念 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2

二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语 (宾语 )补足语 ....................................................................................................... 2 三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词 ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 典例精析: ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 英语宾语补足语用法详解 一、概念

分词作 主语补足语 和宾语补足语 其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。具体地说,主动态 句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。先了解宾语补足语,则很容易了解主语补足 语。

宾语补足语:在英语中,某些及物动词不仅需要宾语,而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语,即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态,这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。

句型:及物动词 + 宾语 (n./pron.)+ 宾语补足语 (n./adj./adv./todo/-ing/-ed/ 介词短语共 7 种表示法 ) 该句型若变成被动语态,即将宾语提到句首作主语,原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用,所以改称主语补足语。例如:

A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 此句中 smoking 是主语 he 的补足语,所以称为主语补足语。

二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语 (宾语)补足语 分词作主语 (宾语 )补足语时,若主语 (宾语 )与分词之间是 主动关系 ,则用 现在分词 表示主动; 如果主语 (宾语 )与分词之间是 被动关系 ,则用 过去分词 表示被动。例如:

He was heard singing in the next room. He was singing. 主语 he 与补足语 “唱歌 ”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词 singing 。

One of the glasses was found broken. One of the glasses was broken. 主语 one of the glasses 与补足语 “打破 ”之间是被动关系,故用过去 分词 broken 。

Don,t leave the water running while you brush your teeth. The water is running. 宾语 the water 与补足语 “淌 ”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词 running 。 三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词 要会使用分词作补足语, 必须记住 哪些动词可以接分词充当补足语。 1.感官动词 feel,hear,listen to, see,watch, notice,observe,look at(一感二听五 看)及 find 等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语 。如:

If you wave your book in front of your face , you can feel the air moving against your face.

The air can be felt moving against your face , if you wave your book in front of your face.

The next morning she found the man lying in bed , dead.

The next morning the man was found lying in bed , dead.

2.表示 “致使”动词 get,have,leave 等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足 语。

--Good morning.Can I help you ? -- I?d like to have the package weighed , madam. 3.表示 “意欲;命令 ”的动词如 like,want,wish,order 等常接过去分词充当补足语。 如:

You must tell us exactly what you would like done. 你必须准确地告诉我们该做什么。

The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。 I wish it done quickly. 我希望很快将此事做完。

注意: set, start, catch 常跟现在分词作宾语补足语, make 常跟过去分词作宾语补足语。如:

Set sb.thinking , start sb.coughing , He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn?t make himself heard. 典例精析: 1.I smell something___________in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute ? A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burnt 答案: A。 解析: smell something burning 闻“着什么东西在燃烧而发出糊味 ”强调这个动作正在进行。

burning 作宾语补足语。 Something burnt 烧焦“了的东西 ”表示一种状态。所以选 A 。

2.After a knock at the door , the child heard his mother?s voice______him. A.callingB.calledC.being called D.to call 答案: A。

解析: hearsb.doingsth. 意为 “听到某人在做某事 ”。动词 +ing 表示主动, the child heard his mother?svoice calling him 表示 “孩子听见他母亲喊他 ”。 Hear sth.done 表示 “听见某事被做了 ”。所以 选 A 。

3.Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English_____in a short period.

A.improvedB.improving C.to improve D.improve 答案: A。 解析: havesth.done 表示 “使某事被做 ”, have her written English improved 使她“的书面英语得到

提高 ”。动词 +ed 形式作宾语补足语表示被动。 Have sb.doingsth. 意为 “使某人一直在做某事 ”表主动。

Have sb.do sth. 意为 “使某人做某事 ”表主动, do 前必须省略 to。所以选 A。

4.--Did Peter fix the computer himself ?

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主谓宾定状补(详解版含-汉英两种)

主谓宾定状补(详解版含-汉英两种)

汉语中主谓宾汉语句子成分:句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语六种主语:1、定义:主语:主语是句子中的陈述对象,说明是谁或什么。

2、特点:A、经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当。

B、一般表示谓语所说的是“谁” 或“什么”。

3、符号:双行线═。

谓语:1 、定义:用来说明陈述主语。

2、特点:A、经常由动词、形容词充当。

B、一般表示主语“怎么样”或“是什么”。

3 、符号:单行线 ________________ 。

宾语:1、定义:表示谓语动词的涉及对象的语言单位。

2、特点:A、经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当。

B、一般表示谓语“怎么样”或“是什么”。

3、符号:波浪线﹏﹏。

4、凡能愿动词,如“希望、想、可以、说”等词后面的一般都作宾语处理。

定语:1、定义:用在主语和宾语前面,起修饰和限制作用的语言单位。

2、特点:A、经常由名词、形容词、动词、代词充当。

B、一般定语与中心词之间有“的”字连接。

3、符号:小括号()。

状语:1、定义:用在动词、形容词谓语前,起修饰和限制作用的语言单位。

2、特点:A、经常由副词、形容词、动词、表示处所和时间的名词和方位词充当。

B、一般状语与中心词之间有“地”字连接。

3、符号:中括号〔〕。

补语:1、定义:谓语后面的附加成分,对谓语起补充说明作用,回答“怎么样”、“多久”、“多少”(时间、处所、结果)之类问题的语言单位。

2、字连接。

3、符号:单书名号〈〉。

特点:A、经常由动词、形容词副词充当B、一般补语与中心词之间有“得”一般完整的句子成分的排列为:定语(修饰主语)主语状语谓语补语定语(修饰宾语)宾语句子成分符号:主语= 谓语-宾语~定语()状语[ ] 补语< > 绕口令主谓宾,定状补主干枝叶分清楚主干成分主谓宾枝叶成分定状补定语必居主宾前谓前为状谓后补学语文,有口诀主谓宾、定状补,主干枝叶分清楚。

定语必居主宾前,谓前为状谓后补。

状语有时位主前,逗号分开心有数。

being的两种用法介绍详解

being的两种用法介绍详解

being的两种用法介绍详解关于being的两种用法介绍详解一、being 用作谓语动词的用法1.当 being 为连系动词时,用作谓语动词的 being 主要与形容词连用,表示临时特征或暂时现象.如:You’re being stupid.你真傻.You are not being very polite.你可是不大客气呀.Your brother is being very annoying this evening.你兄弟今晚很烦人.2.当 being 为助动词时,用作谓语动词的 being 主要与过去分词连用,构成被动语态.如:I’m always being criticized.我总是挨批.He is being interviewed now.他现在正在接受面试.He is being met at the station tonight.今晚有人去车站迎接他.二、being 用作非谓语动词的用法1.当 being 为助动词时,用作非谓语动词的 being 具有以下用法:(1) 作主语.如:Being lost can be a terrifying experience.迷路可能是一种很可怕的经历.Being recognized wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous.出名所付出的代价是不管你走到哪里,都会被人认出来.(2) 作定语.如:Did you see that boy being questioned by the police?你看见那个男孩受到警察的盘问了吗?We are going to reduce the number of trees being cut down.我们要减少砍伐的树的数量.(3) 作状语.如:Being given a chance,she immediately jumped at it.给了她这个机会,她立刻抓住了.Being well taken care of,she recovered quickly.她受到很好的`照顾,身体恢复得很快.(4) 作宾语.如:He can’t stand being kept waiting.让他等着,他可不干.Do you like being stared at?你愿意人家盯着你看吗?(5) 作宾语补足语.如:I saw him being taken away by the police.我看到他正被警察带走.I found myself being drawn into another dreary argument.我发现竟然身不由己又参与了一次无聊的争论.It’s interesting (for children) to see a house being built.(孩子们)看造房子是挺有趣的事.注:有时 being可带有自己的逻辑主语(构成独立主格结构).如:The question being settled,we went home.问题解决之后,我们就回家了.2.当 being 为连系动词时,用作非谓语动词的 being 具有以下用法:(1) 作主语.如:Being tired often makes me short-tempered.我一累就容易发脾气.Being deaf and dumb makes communication very difficult.又聋又哑很难与人交往.(2) 作状语.如:Being anxious to please him,I bought him a nice present.因为我想讨好他,我给他买了一件好礼物.Being unemployed,he hasn’t got much money.由于他没有工作,他没有多少钱.(3) 作宾语.如:I don’t like being in the office all day.我不喜欢整天呆在办公室里.You can be alone without being lonely.你可以独处而不感到寂寞.(4) 作宾语补足语.如:He said it to stop her being too proud.他说这话是想要她不要太骄傲.I’m sorry to see you being so sad about it.看到你对这事这样伤心,我很难过.She complains of the room being too small for her.她埋怨房间太小了.(5) 用于独立主格结构.如:It being a holiday,all the shops were shut.由于是假日,所有商店都关门了.The weather being hot,we had to stay at home.由于天气炎热,我们只好呆在家里.There being no further business,l declare the meeting closed.没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会.Other things being equal,Alice would marry Jim.如果其他条件都一样的话,爱莉丝就会嫁给吉姆.。

动词不定式用法详解

动词不定式用法详解

动词不定式(The Infinitive )一、动词不定式的形式及意义构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动一般式to do to be done for sb.to do sth.of sb.to do sth.在“to”前加not 或never完成式to have done to have been done 进行式to be doing /不定式虽然没有人称和数的变化,但所表达的动作仍有时间先后顺序。

1、不定式的一般式,表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。

We are very glad to meet you again.再次见到你,我们非常高兴。

(同时发生)I hope to see you next week .我希望下周能见到你。

[不等式动作发生在谓语之后]I am ready to shave .我要刮脸了。

(自己挂自己的脸)I am ready to be shaved .我准备好刮脸了。

(由别人给自己刮脸)2、不定式的进行式,表示的动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

They are to be waiting for us at the station.他们在车站等我们。

(作表语)He pretended to be reading attentively when I came in.我进去时他假装在专心读书。

(作宾语)3、不定式的完成式,表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。

He pretended not to have seen me .他假装没有看见我。

He is the first student in the school to have got the prize .在该校,它是第一个获得该奖的学生。

There is no need to have worried about it like that.不需要那样担忧。

The room seems to have been tidied up already .这个房子似乎好像已经整理过了。

宾语从句用法详解(例句丰富)

宾语从句用法详解(例句丰富)

宾语从句用法详解(例句丰富)一、宾语从句的引导词宾语从句通常由连词that和whether (if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导:1. that引导We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。

The doctor insists that I give up smoking医生坚持要我戒烟。

I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。

I suggested that we should go the next day. 我建议我们第二天走。

We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain. 从他的信里我们了解到他在西班牙。

The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求5日内付款。

2. whether / if引导I don't know whether he'll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。

I didn't know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。

I'll see whether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能劝他接受。

I asked her whether she agreed. 我问她是否同意。

He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish. 他问她父母是否讲西班牙语。

I wonder if it's large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。

She didn't say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。

高二英语必修五_名师语法课堂:过去分词作定语和表语用法详解

高二英语必修五_名师语法课堂:过去分词作定语和表语用法详解

名师语法课堂:过去分词作定语和表语用法详解概念引入今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。

先看下面这些句子:1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed tocholera. (inspired过去分词作表语;exposed过去分词作定语)2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(terrified过去分词作定语)3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killedpeople.(interested 过去分词作表语)4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affectedperson died.(affected过去分词作定语)5. He was determined to find out why. (determined过去分词作表语)6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.(polluted过去分词作定语)上面句子中的斜体词都是过去分词,句1(inspired)、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语;而句1(exposed)、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词,作定语。

那么过去分词是什么?有什么作用?我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。

语法讲解英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。

非谓语动词分为:不定式(to d o)、动词-ing形式(doing)和过去分词(done)。

高中英语 语法之非谓语动词用法详解

高中英语 语法之非谓语动词用法详解

非谓语动词用法详解定义:在句子中充当除了谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。

非谓语动词有三种:不定式,动名词,分词。

注:非谓语动词具有时态和语态的变化,可以同否定词not 连用,构成否定形式,可以带宾语,补语。

非谓语动词的名词,形容词,可用在句中做主语,宾语,补语, 状语,和 定语等。

—不定式 (原形动词前加to, 构成动词不定式。

不定式不做谓语,属于非谓语动词)不定式的时态,语态一般式:不定式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生或几乎同时发生或存在。

但多数情况下是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。

e.g :They often watch us play football. (同时)She hopes to go there again. (之后发生)完成式:不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前。

e.g : I ’m glad to have seen your mother yesterday注:1)用在intended, expected, meant, hoped.promised, wanted, planned. wished. thought, desired, was, were 等后,表示过去没有实现的愿望,期待或计划的等,也用来表示先于谓语动词发生的动作或状态。

e.g: He wanted to have met (=had wanted to meet) you at the airport,but he didn ’t get there intime.他原想去机场接你(事情已经发生),但他没及时赶到那儿。

(没接成) e.g: We planned to have done (had planned to do) good deeds for the poor people last month.我们原计划上个月为贫困的人们作些好事。

英语语法词汇详解consider的用法

英语语法词汇详解consider的用法用法小结:①consider doing sth. 考虑做某事②consider sb (to be / as)... 认为/觉得某人……③consider that- clause 认为……④take sth into consideration 考虑⑤under consideration 在考虑中具体用法解析1. 表示“考虑”,其后可接名词、动名词或从句作宾语(consider用在主动句子中不能接不定式作宾语;在被动句子中可以后接动词不定式的各种时态或语态)。

如:Please consider my suggestion. 请考虑我的建议。

You should consider other people before you act.你在行动之前应当考虑到别人。

She considers that it is too early to form a definite conclusion.她认为现在下确切的结论还为时过早。

We need to consider how the law might be reformed.我们得斟酌法律应如何修订。

He was considering what to do next.他在考虑下一步怎么办。

We're considering buying a new car.我们在考虑买一辆新车。

She is considering going to Europe.她在考虑去欧洲。

He is considering taking legal action against the hospital.他正考虑起诉这家医院。

I had seriously considered telling the story from the point of view of the wives...我认真考虑过从为人妻者的视角来讲述这个故事。

宾语从句用法详解

宾语从句用法详解在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

一、宾语从句用法宾语从句的时态:1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。

可归纳为"主现从不现〞2.主句用过去时,从句用过去*个时态。

可归纳为"主过从句过〞3.主句用过去时,从句是科学真理、客观常识、名人格言时用一般现在时。

4.情态动词could/would用于,"请求〞,表示委婉、客气的语气时,从句不受主句的约束。

宾语从句的连接词附属连词连接宾语从句的附属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,if和whether,whether...or not引导表示"是否〞的一般疑问句的宾语从句.He told me (that 〕he would go to college the ne*t year他告诉我他明年上大学.I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether he could pass the e*am.没有人知道他是否会通过考试.who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever 等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game你知道是谁赢得了红色戒备的游戏么?The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的了吗连接副词when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.二、动词的宾语从句大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句We all e*pect 〔that 〕they will win,for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us 〔that〕 they would help us through the whole work. 他告诉我们在整个工作中,他们都会帮助的.局部"动词+副词〞构造也可以带宾语从句I have found out 〔that〕 all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out 〔that〕how much we will spend during the trip 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.当你在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate,take,owe,have,see to.I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的方案确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral. 开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.③假设宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的.三、介词的宾语从句用whether之类的介词宾语从句:We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生参加我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候e*cept,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor e*cept that he used to work witha company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.四、形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the e*am.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打搅你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很快乐在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.五、if与whether①if和whether在作"是否〞解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.〔如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。

英语词性的分类及用法详解

9
找规律
NOUN. 要点考点聚焦
potatoes
heroes
tomatoes
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10
不规则变化
NOUN.
man--men
child--children
woman--women
goose--geese
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deer
sheep
11

典型例题解析
NOUN.
1.Several _____ are talking under the tree.And they are__C____.
Article (art.)
Verb (v.)
Preposition (prep.)
Conjunction (conj.)
Interjection (interj.)
用在名词前,帮助说明名词所 指的人或事物 表示人或事物的动作或状态
用在名词、代词等前面,说明 句子中词与词之间的关系
an,a,the
eat吃 have有 under在。。。。。。下 in在。。。。。。里
5. This is B bedroom. The twin sister like it very much.
A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Jane’s C.Ann’s and Jane’s
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12
根据所给单词的正确形式填空:
NOUN.
1. Different people may have different _id_e_a_s_. (idea)
以辅音字母+y 变y 为i再加es baby---babies
结尾的词
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高中英语非谓语动词用法详解和练习含详解

非谓语动词非谓语动词(一)——动词不定式动词不定式、分词(此刻分词,过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。

现代英语将此刻分词和动名词合为一大类叫作 v + ing 形式。

这些动词的形式不可以在句中独自作谓语用,因此没有语法主语。

但能够有逻辑主语。

因为没有语法主语,也就不受人称和数的限制,因为不是谓语,也就没有时态和语态,但这些词还能表示动作和状态,所以仍有表示与其余动词相对时间关系的形式。

因为与其余词有逻辑上的主谓关系,所以也有表示主、被动的形式,同时也有自己的宾语和状语,一同组成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语,分词短语,动名词短语)。

动词不定式、过去分词及 v-ing 形式在句中均不可以作谓语用,所以叫做非谓语动词。

(一)动词不定式:动词不定式由“to+动词原形”组成,如: to study, to play ,动词不定式固然不可以作谓语动词用,但仍留着动词的特点,它能够带有所需要的宾语或状语而组成动词不定式短语,如:to study hard,to play table tennis 。

1、动词不定式的形式变化:动词不定式有以下时态和语态的形式变化。

不定式一般式达成式进行式达成进行式主动to build to have built to be building to have been building被动to be build to have been build2、动词不定式的基本用法:动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如:(1)作主语: To help each other is good. (动词不定式作主语时,一般可用 it 作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如: It is good to help each other.(2)作表语: My job is to drive them to the power station every day.动词不定式在系动词be以后作表语,与表示未来时的 be +动词不定式构造有所差别,如: Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasantschildren. 我们的计划是给农民子弟再建立一所中学。

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