构词法,希腊神话,英语日常短语解析
1. Gaia--------g-------geo------geography------galaxy
2. Atlas-------maps-------people who undertake a lot of burden （to carry the world on our shoulder）
3. Cronus------chron--------chronic a. eg. : There is a chronic unemployment problem in America.
Chronicle n. 编年史：The newly-published chronicle is divided into eight major parts.
4. Hades (Pluto)-----plu------- Plutonium (鈈)
Plutocrat n. rich people : Do you wish to turn me into a plutocrat?
6. Titans------ty------ typhoon -------tycoon -------titanic------titanium
The newspaper was covered with reports of the meeting of the three political titans in the world.
7. Prometheus-----Epimetheus-------Pandora’s box
Pan—Pan-American—pandemic do- donate; condone; dower, endow
eg. : Like a Pandora’s box, he unpacked every horror, every evil.
8. Hera (Juno)-----peacock------June
9. Niche (Victory)-----NIKE
10. Vulcan---volcano
11. Venus-----Cupid (Eros: erotic)-----Psyche-----psycho- : psychology
12. Mars: martial a.------Bellona -----b-----bel: rebel
13. Apollo------sunflower------Daphne-----Laurel eg. : poet Laureate
14. Ceres-----cereal-----ceremony
15. Hermes-----hermit-----helmet; Mercurius------merchant; commerce
16. Pan- ------panic
Heracles
The choice of Heracles
The twelve Labors of Heracles
1.to kill the Nemean Lion
2.to destroy the Lernaean Hydra
3.to capture the Ceryneian Hind
4.to capture the Erymanthian boar
5.to clean the Augean Stables
6.to kill the Stymphalian Birds
7.to capture the Cretan Bull
8.to round up the Mares of Diomedes
9.to steal the Girdle of Hippolyte
10.to herd the Cattle of Geryon
11.to fetch the apples of Hesperides
12.to capture the Cerberus
riddle of Sphinx
Oedipus Complex
An apple of discord
Eg. The black gold in the Middle East seems to be an apple of discord.
Helen of Troy
A Trojan horse
Achilles’ heel/tendon (Peleus & Thetis, Styx, Odysseus)
Eg. Being too straight-forward and outspoken could become one’s Achilles’ heel. Echo & Narcissus (Narcissus complex, Narcissism)
Tantalus
He was tantalized by visions of power and wealth. 他追求不到可望而不可即的权力和财富, 受尽了折磨.; a tantalizing smell of food 诱人的食物气味.
Phrase
1. Ariadne’s thread （Theseus: Minotaur）
Eg. We need an Ariadne’s thread to guide us through all these difficulties.
2. As Cephalus to Procris
Eg. The husband showed great fidelity to his wife, as Cephalus to Procris.
3. Between Scylla and Charybdis
Eg. When the man’s wife and her mother got together, he was between Scylla and Charybdis.
4. Change like Proteus
Eg. One’s feeling is bound to change like Proteus when one’s circumstances are changing rapidly.
5. Gordian knot
Eg. The old stock had deteriorated and was all mixed up so the manager decided to cut the Gordian knot, sell it all as scrap, and restock with new materials.
6. swan song (debut)
Eg. All the tickets have been sold for the signer’s performance in Paris this week--- the public clearly believes that this will be her swan song.
7. the stone of Sisyphus (labor of Sisyphus, Sisyphus task, toil of Sisyphus) sisyphean Eg. He thought it was a labor of Sisyphus to learn a foreign language.
8. the sword of Damocles
Eg. The possibility of losing her job hangs over her like a sword of Damocles all last year.
9. the web of Penelope
Eg. Mr. Jones made a long speech at the meeting. Everyone else thought it a Penelope’s web.
10. under the rose
Eg. We heard under the rose that they are not legally married.
11. A freedom of Pan
Eg. During the vacation, we enjoyed a freedom of Pan.
13.Althaea’s brand
Eg. Althaea’s brand exists in the course of human life while mutability of weather the nature.
14.as ambitious as Phaeton
eg. How can we trust a Phaeton to do this?
15.apple of discord
eg. He is an apple of discord wherever he appears.
16.as shy as Daphne
eg. Would you please tell me the name of that girl who looks as shy as Daphne?
17.be a Diana
eg. Do you know she is a Diana?
18.be a Jason (Argonauts: Golden Fleece)
eg. Why can you fall in love with a Jason?
19.bear a Bellerophon letter
eg. You are just bearing a Bellerophon letter if you do so?
20.creations of Cadmus
eg. I can never imagine that these children would attack one another like the creation of Cadmus in the presence of their dying father.
21. Cupid (Anteras)
Eg. He has succumbed to Cupid’s dart.
22.Greek gift (Trojan horse )
Eg. It was Greek to me.
American Beauty
Chinese rose
Dutch courage
French leave
23.like/as an Apollo
eg. He is bright and glowing as an Apollo.
24.Procrustean bed
Eg. Many people have their own standard, and whatever does not fit their Procrustean bed is at once condemned.
25.son of Bacchus
eg. The old man is quite a son of Bacchus.
26.sop to Cerberus
Orpheus & Eurydice
Pygmalion’s Status （effect）
Couch casting
suitor
源于希腊神话的英文单词
精心整理西方文化有两个源头:一为希腊(Hellenic)文化,一为希伯莱(Hebrew)文化,而希腊文化中的希腊神话(Greekmythology)对英语影响非常广泛。表现在词汇方面就是英语吸收了部分词汇并将之沿用,而这些词又或是可分解词或是可溯源词。这些词源包含的信息不仅可帮助读者准确理解每个词的词义,增添记忆单词的乐趣,还能特别记录、描述英语与古希腊文化的差异和交流,具有很高的历史性和趣味性。由于罗马神话深受希腊神话的影响,故事情节与希腊神话大同小异,只不过人名不同,所以希腊神话时常和罗马神话联系在一起。希腊罗马神话就像神话故事中的灵泉,滋养着英语的词汇,产生了 还是Cupid,成天无所事事,在天上飞来飞去练习射箭,搞得大家人心惶惶。 所以他们衍生出的单词都含贬义:erotic色情的;cupidity贪心,贪婪。 中国是matchmaker媒婆 10、Hygeia:希腊健康女神,其形象为年轻女子,身着白色长衣(白大褂),头戴祭司冠,用饭碗喂着一条蛇。衍生词:hygiene（n卫生学）。 11、Morpheus:希腊神话中的梦神。梦神是睡神Hypnos的儿子,掌管人们的梦境。衍生词:morphine(吗啡),marijuana(大麻),两者都是opium(鸦片)的提取物。morphine有麻醉镇 定的作用。 12．Chaos：开天辟地的混沌之神＜反＞cosmos：宇宙，有序的整体
13．Zeus主神宙斯 14．Pluto冥界之神，阴间之神；因为具有“冥河之宝藏”而似的“-pluto”作为词根表示”财富”;eg:plutocracy财阀统治；plutolatry拜金主义pluto冥王星 15．Styx环绕冥土四周的冥河，阴河;styxstygian冥河的，阴间的；黑洞洞的；幽暗的16．Lethe忘川，冥府河流名，饮其水则会忘记过去；忘却，遗忘 lethargic昏昏欲睡的<>stimulate 冥界三河：Styx冥河/Lethe忘川河/Meader河 abyss地狱深渊 abysmal深的。深渊的 17．Poseidon海洋之神，海王 eristic争 )siren , ) Chimerical空想的，幻想中的；异想天开的，不可能的 31．Iris（为诸神报信的）彩虹女神 iridescent彩虹色的，灿烂光辉的 32．Zephyr西风之神；西风的拟人化用语；和风，轻风，微风；轻罗，细纱 33．Academy柏拉图学派；某个科学领域内的权威定论机构 34．Stoic斯多葛学派哲学（公元前4世纪由哲学家Zeno创立于雅典）；禁欲主义35．Peripateticism逍遥学派(由古希腊哲学家亚里士多德在学园内漫步讲学而得此名) peripatetic逍遥学派的,走来走去的 二源于希腊神话的英语习语 1、Pandora’sbox(潘朵拉的盒子):普罗米修斯(Prometheus)为人类盗来了天火,激怒了宙斯(Zeus)。Zeus 决定惩罚人类,于是他命令火神造出一个美貌的女人Pandora,
大学英语中常见短语汇总(一)
大学英语中常见短语汇总（一） 1 cut down 减少…的数量 2 keep in mind 记住 3 other than 除…之外（还） 4 on∕to the contrary 相反的 5 rack up 积累；逐步增加 6 fear for 为…担心 7 come in 出现；发生 8 die from 死于 9 direct at 对准；针对 10 starve sb. of sth. 使缺乏 11 make a point 提出论点 12 take…from granted 视…为理所应当 13 hold down 保住（工作） 14 pine for 为（不能得到某物）而伤心 15 make fun of 嘲笑；取笑 16 stand up to 经得住；经得起 17 give in 屈服；让步 18 to some degree 在某种程度 19 on demand 一经要求 20 in the end 最后；终于 21 fill out 填写
22 if only 就算…都行；哪怕…也好 23 for better or (for) worse 不管怎样 24 even so 即使如此；尽管这样 25 turn down 拒绝 26 come up to 走近；靠近 27 press for 催促；竭力争取 28 ill at ease 不自在 29 free from 不涉及…的 30 take charge of 负责；管理 31 be stuck with 被迫拥有或使用 32 go to great lengths 竭尽全力做某事 33 take sides 支持某人；偏袒一方 34 act out 表达出来 35 speak of 表明；意味着 36 turn off 使离开 37 up to 能适合；能胜任的 38 more or less 几乎；差不多 39 follow o ne′s track 跟踪 40 blow one′s cover 揭露 41 apart from 除了…之外 42 out of character 与某人性格不符 43 out of bounds 禁止进入的
英语短语分类详解
短语是英语构成的具有实际意义的一个重要的基本单位，比如动词短语(have been doing)、介词短语(for you)、名词短语(my best friend)等等,掌握好英语短语的基本分类对英语阅读和写作具有十分重要的意义。 一、名词短语(noun phrase ) 1、名词短语的功能 名词短语的简单定义：名词与它的修饰语一起即构成名词短语。先来看几个简单的例子： ①These red roses are for you .在句中充当主语。 ②I have three close friend .译：我有三个要好的朋友。在句中充当宾语。 ②He is my best friend .译：他是我最好的朋友。在句中充当表语。 ③There are some red roses on that small table .some red roses在句中充当主 语；that small table在句中充当介词on的宾语。 以上例句中的名词短语，都包含在英语句子和文章中。可以充当句子中的各个成分。 ※注意：英文中的介词不能单独使用，其后面必须接宾语，所接的宾语往往是名词短语(如例句4)。 the bird in the tree 树上的那只小鸟 the map on the wall 墙上的地图 the development of China 中国的发展 the standard of living 生活水平 the south side of the Changjiang river 长江南岸 the way to the hotel 去旅馆的路 the life in the future 未来的生活 名词短语有如此重要的作用，那么这么重要的句子构成要素是怎样构成的呢？下面来详细总结它的构造规律。 2、名词短语的构造 名词短语由名词与它的修饰语一起构成。 名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系：一是放在被修饰名词的前面，叫做前置定语或定语；二是放在被修饰名词的后面，叫做后置定语。 一般来说，名词前面有两种修饰语。其一是限定词，用来限定名词所指的范围，对名词起泛指或特指、定量或不定量等的限定修饰作用。比如these ，three ，a ，the ，my等等。其二是形容词，用来表示名词的性质和特征。比如red ，close ，new ，small等等。 在复杂的名词短语中，更常见的是后置修饰定语。包括定语从句、同位语从
英语常用词组
sb. to do sth要求(让)某人做某事（=let sb. do sth.=have sb. do sth.=have sth done=get sb. to do sth=make sb. do sth） ask sth.向某人索求某物 ask…for help 向某人求助 afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 be afraid of sth. 害怕某事 amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 be amazed at sth. 对某事感到惊讶 angry with sb.对某人生气 be angry about/ at sth.对某事生气 5.be busy doing/with sth. 忙于做某事 (常考) 6.be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事 be glad/happy to do sth. 高兴去做某事 be pleased to do sth. 高兴做某事 be pleased with sth. 对某事感到高兴/满意 interested in sth./doing sth. 对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣 get ready for/to do sth.准备做某事 sorry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉 surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇 be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊奇 11. be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 (worth 后接动词-ing形式，常考) start to do sth.用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do;当begin 后跟understand ,realise, see , know ,think ,等动词时，用begin to do begin/start doing sth. 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing. =buy sth for sb.为某人买某物 used to doing sth 习惯于做某事（to是介词） used to do sth 过去常常做某事（to是不定式） 't stand doing sth.不能忍受做某事 can’t wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事 can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事 ...with...把……和……比较(常表示同类相比，比较) compare...to...把……比作……(常表示异类相比，比喻) ①Let's compare this photo with that one. 让我们把这张照片和那张照片作一下比较。 ②Children are often compared to happy birds. 孩子常常被比喻成幸福的小鸟。
希腊神话故事与英语词汇
希腊神话故事与英语词汇 语言受文化影响，又是文化的重要组成部分。通过学习一门语言，可以了解一种文化。英语学习中把语言知识与文化背景结合起来，既能掌握英语国家独特的文化现象，同时又能加深对英语语言的理解和应用。希腊罗马神话是世界文化遗产，在西方社会生活的各个领域产生了难以估量的影响。 一、关于希腊神话故事 希腊神话是欧洲最早民间口头创作，产生于公元前十二世纪到公元前八世纪之间。它融汇了发生在小亚细亚、爱琴海地区以及埃及等地的传说和故事。希腊神话包括神的故事和英雄传说两个部分。古希腊诗人荷马（Homer）的两部史诗伊利亚特（Iliad）和奥德赛（Odys sey）包含了绝大部分的希腊神话。12位主神以宙斯为中心组成奥林普斯神统体系，掌管自然和生活的各种现象和事物。英雄传说的主人公大都是神与人的后代，它们英勇非凡，体现了人类征服自然的豪迈气概和顽强意志。神话中的神和人同形，同性情。很多神话故事讲述了神和很多普通人一样，有嫉妒心，自私，残忍，狡猾，报复心很强。但也有像普罗米修斯那样造福人类的伟大的神。神和人的基本区别在于神具有超人的特殊本领，常生不死，
生活闲逸快乐；人类弱小，会死，生存艰辛。“希腊神话里的神和英雄不受拘束，任性行事，个性张扬，重视个人的权利利益和价值。他们的价值观就是我们现在所熟悉的individ uali sm（个人主义），也正是美国人的价值观和人生观的核心。” 二、希腊神话故事对英语词根和习语的影响 1、有些英语单词的词根来源于希腊神话中众神的名字，例如： 第一，Flora, 古希腊神话中的花神。她的丈夫西风之神Zephyr 送给她一座花园。春天，他们手挽手在园子里散步，走过的地方百花齐放。Flora 作为词根，相当于植物plant .同源的单词有floral（花的，植物的）, florist（种花人）, flourish(繁荣，茂盛)。 第二，Pan是希腊神话里的一位山林之神，他人身羊足，头上有角。因长相怪异，被母 亲一出生就抛弃。他喜欢在山林里游荡，用自己古怪的声音和怪相吓路人，人们对此很恐惧 .恐惧来自于Pan, 因此恐惧就是panic. 第三，Pluto, 冥界之神，阴间之神。因为具有“冥河之宝藏”而使得pluto 作为词根表示财富wealth.同源的单词还包括plutocracy 财阀统治；plutolatry 拜金主义。 第四，Psyche是一位美貌绝伦的公主，许多人为之倾倒。这引起爱与美之神Aphrodite 的嫉妒。她指使儿子小爱神Eros 惩罚Psyche爱上一个丑陋的人，但Eros 却对Psyche 一见钟情，把爱情的箭射向自己。Aphrodite 知道后使Psyche备受折磨，但还是没能拆散他们。Psyche 后来成为人的灵魂的化身。Psyche作为词根，意为灵魂，精神。同源词还有psychoanalyst(精神分析家)；psychology(心理学)；psychodrama(心理剧)。 2、“习语是某一语言在使用过程中形成的固定的表达方式，习语的正确使用能使语言显得生动活泼、简洁性形象，给人以美的享受。”许多英语习语来源于希腊神话，如果知道它们的出处，并在英语写作和会话中有意识使用这些习语不仅增强表达效果，还使内容显得生动有趣。例如： 第一，Apple of discord: 弗提亚王珀琉斯Peleus（the King of Phthia）和海中仙女忒提斯（Thetis）举行婚礼时忘了邀请不和女神厄里斯（Eris）。她深感不快，于是挑起事端。她在婚宴上投下一只金苹果，上面写着“献给最美者”。结果大地之母赫拉（Hera），智慧女神雅典娜（Athena）,爱与美女神阿佛洛狄忒（Aphrodite）为了得到金苹果而发生争执。宙斯不愿得罪任何一位拒绝裁决，于是她们找到人间最美的男子帕里斯（Paris）来裁决争端。此事导致了漫长的特洛伊战争（the Trojan war）。Apple of discord就表示不和的种子，祸根。 第二，Damon and Pythias: 达蒙（Damon）和皮西厄斯（Pythias）是好朋友，皮西厄斯出了事被判死刑，为了使他回家探视亲人，达蒙留在监牢里做人质，如果皮西厄斯不按
常见常用英语动词短语大全
常用英语动词短语大全 一、动词be构成的短语动词 1．be known as／be famous as作为……而闻名 be known for因……而出名 be known to为……所知 be known by凭……而知 The hill is known for the temple．LuXun is known to us as a writer． One can be known by his words and deeds． 2．be married to与……结婚 She is married to a musician．．．3．be tired of／with对……厌烦 He is tired of／with this kind of life． =He is bored with this kind of life．4．be terrified at被……吓一跳 He is terrified at the snake． 5．be burdened with负重 He is burdened with a heavy load．6．be crowded with挤满 The shop is crowded with people．7．be dressed in穿着 She is dressed in red． 8．be experienced in对……有经验He is experienced in mending bikes． 9．be equipped with装备 They are equipped with guns and food． 10．be furnished with提供，布置 They are furnished with enough food． 11．be engaged in sth从事，忙于(=be busy with sth) He has been engaged in writing novels． 12．be engaged to与……订婚
中考122组英语词组详细解析
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英语常用词组
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源于希腊神话的英语词汇英文释义
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(完整版)常见常用英语动词短语大全
常用英语动词短语大全 一、动词be 构成的短语动词 1．be known as／be famous as 作为 而闻名 be known for因.. 而出名 be known to 为... 所知 be known by 凭.. 而知 The hill is known for the temple ．LuXun is known to us as a writer ．One can be known by his words and deeds． 2. be married to 与.... 结婚 She is married to a musician ． 3. be tired of/with 对 ..... 厌烦 He is tired of ／with this kind of life. =He is bored with this kind of life 4. be terrified at 被.... 吓一跳 He is terrified at the snake ． 5．be burdened with 负重 He is burdened with a heavy load The shop is crowded with people ．7. be dressed in 穿着 She is dressed in red． 8. be experieneed in 对.. 有经验 He is experienced in mending bikes．9．be equipped with 装备 They are equipped with guns and food． 10．be furnished with 提供，布置 They are furnished with enough food． 11．be engaged in sth 从事，忙于(=be busy with sth) He has been engaged in writing novels． 12. be engaged to与 .. 订婚 13. be about to do sth .正要做... 1 was just about to go swimming My daughter is engaged to a niee
初中英语词组解析
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英语常用日常词组
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希腊神话对英语词汇的影响
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于具有某种典型的特征或特殊的经历，他们的名字直接转化为普通名词。这种名词不仅保留了原来的拼写，其词义多为申神话人物的象征意义与引申意义。同时，词义的内涵与外延均有很大的扩大，在词形未变的情况下，其词义由单一转化为多样，抽象转化为具体，泛指转化为特指。 如:Adonis是爱神Aphrodite所钟爱的美貌少年猎人，现指美貌少年或美男子 Gorgon（蛇发女怪，凡人见到她就会变成石头）→gorgon（丑陋可怕的女人，令人作呕的人或景象） Python（被Apollo所杀死的巨蟒）→python（蟒蛇） 1.2神话对现代英语花卉名称的影响 现代英语词汇中大量的植物花卉名称跟希腊神话有着千丝万缕的关系。他们部分是神灵的化身，部分是神灵的宠物。如矢车菊centaur源自马人Chiron,月桂树laurel源于太阳神Apollo,芦苇reeds源于牧神Pan,鸢尾花iris源于霓虹女神Iris等。 2.希腊神话对英语词根与词缀的影响（与英语原有词根与词缀融为一体，不易辨别） 2.1 神话中人名对英语词根的影响 按照语言学的观点，词根指必须和一定的词缀组成单词的词，这种派生而来的单词以形容词居多，其次是名词和动词。从数量来看，源自女神的词语明显多于来自女神的词语。如Athene雅典娜女神聪明机智，学识渊博。有她的名字“Athene”后加上后缀“-um”即
初中英语短语词汇的解析
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英语常用词组大全(经典珍藏版)
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