unit 8

Unit 8(第17----18讲) 1 Text A Jet Lag: Prevention or Cure

P.190 第一段： 1. The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time. one是代词，代替a problem，后面every international traveller comes across at some time是定语从句，修饰先行词one，定语从句前省略了关系代词that；come across意思是"（偶然）遇到"；at some time相当于sometimes，意为"有时"。

2. But do you have to suffer? Understand what it is, and how a careful diet can minimize its worst effects, and your flights will be less stressful.

该句可改写为：If you understand what it is, and how a careful diet can minimize its worst effects, your

flights will be less stressful. 所以，当有"Do…, and + 主语 + 动词 …"结构时，可把它改写为："If you do …, 主语 + 动词 …"；what it is 和how a careful diet can minimize its worst effects是两个并列的宾语从句。 第二段：

1. The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize. effect（影响）后面与介词on搭配，表示"对…的影响"，另有influence和impact后面可与介词on搭配；far可用来修饰比较级，可以替换为much或a lot或a great deal。

2. Jet Lag is not a psychological consequence of having to readjust to a different time zone. adjust to是固定搭配，意思是"调整、适应"，故有readjust to。 Unit 8(第17----18讲) 2 3. It is due to changes in the body's physiological regulatory mechanisms, specifically the hormonal systems, in a different environment. due to意思是"由于、因为"，通常用作表语成分。 第三段：

1. Confused? 该句是Are you confused?之省略。

2. So was John Foster Dulls, the American Secretary of State, when he flew to Egypt to conduct negotiations on the Aswan Dam. 当so（表示"也"）置于句首时，句子必须使用倒装结构，由"So + 助动词 ／ 连系动词 ／ 情态动词 ＋ 主语 ＋ …"构成；这是一种部分倒装结构，常见类型有： Unit 8(第17----18讲)

3 第四段：

1. The effects can be used to advantage, too. to advantage意思是"有效地、有用地"

2. President Johnson once conducted an important meeting in Guam and kept the entire proceedings at Washington DC time. keep the entire proceedings at Washington DC time意思是"按照华盛顿时间安排议程"，keep是使动用法，此处是keep + n. + prep.结构。

3. The White House working personnel were as fresh as paint, while the locals, in this case, were jet-lagged. personnel在此处意思是"（全体）职员、（全体）人员"，表示复数概念，故谓语动词是were；as fresh as paint意思是"精神饱满 / 抖擞"；the locals 相当于the local people；jet-lag是动词，并用于被动语态，意思是"使患有时差不适症、使无精打采"。

4. Essentially, they had been instantaneously transported to America. 句首essentially意为"实际上"。 P.191

第二段： 1. Now that we understand what Jet Lag is, we can go some way to overcoming it. 句首的now that意思是"既然"；动词understand后接宾语从句what Jet Lag is；go some way to doing sth意为"想办法做某事"。

2. A great number of the body's events are scheduled to occur at a certain time of day. a great number of意思是"许多、大量"；schedule由名词转化为动词；to occur充当句子的主语补足语。 Unit 8(第17----18讲) 4 3. Naturally these have to be regulated, and there are two regulatory systems which interact. these指代上句的the body's events。 第三段：

1. One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone. we experience是定语从句，修饰the periodicity，关系代词that / which因作宾语而被省略；when living in a particular time zone是由连词when + 现在分词短语构成的时间状语。

2. The other belongs in our internal clocks (the major one of which may be physically located in a part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus) which, left alone, would tie the body to a 25 hour--yes, 25--rhythm. belong in意思是"存在于"；"名词 / 数词 / 代词 + of + 关系代词"引导非限制性定语从句；be located in意思是"位于"；called the suprachiasmatic nucleus是过去分词短语，修饰前面的名词a part；leave … alone意为"听其自然、不理、不管"。

3. Normally the two timers are in step, and the external cues tend to regularize the internal clocks to the more convenient 24 hour period. in step意为"步调一致"；tend to意思是"倾向于"；regularise … to …意思是"把…调整到…"。 第四段：

1. If, however, you move the whole body to a time zone which is four hours different, the two clocks will be out of step, like two alarm clocks which are normally set together, but which have been reset a few hours apart. however 是插入语，意思是"然而"；out of step意为"乱了步调"；which …和but which …是两个并列的定语从句，修饰前面的two alarm clocks。 Unit 8(第17----18讲)

5 2. Whereas the two clocks would normally sound their alarms together,now they ring at different times.

3. Similarly,the body can be set for evening while the sun is rising. 第五段：

1. In time the physiological system will reset itself, but it does take time. 句首的in time意思是"终于、经过一段时间以后"；it does take time意为"这确实要花时间的"，其中does是助动词，用以加强语气。

2. One easily monitored rhythm is palm sweating. monitored是过去分词，修饰rhythm，作定语，表示被动意义。

3. A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours will take eight days to readjust his palm sweat. flown to a time zone different by 10 hours是过去分词短语，作a man的定语。