虚拟语气
虚拟语气的常见用法和形式
虚拟语气的常见用法和形式虚拟语气是用来表达非真实、未实现或假设情况的一种语法形式。
在中文和英语中都存在虚拟语气，但在两种语言中的使用方式和形式略有不同。
本文将介绍虚拟语气在英语中的常见用法和形式。
一、陈述虚拟语气1. 表达过去的虚拟虚拟语气的过去形式常用于表示与现实情况相反的假设或可能性，常用动词包括"be"、"have"、"were"等。
例如：- If I were you, I would apologize to her.- I wish I had studied harder for the exam.2. 表达现在的虚拟现在虚拟语气用于表达与现实情况相反或不确定的假设，常用动词包括"be"、"suggest"、"recommend"等。
例如：- It's about time she got a promotion.- I suggest that he be more careful next time.3. 表达将来的虚拟将来虚拟语气用于表达与现实情况相反或不可能实现的假设，常用动词包括"should"、"were to"等。
例如：- If I should win the lottery, I would buy a big house.- If it were to rain, the event would be canceled.二、命令虚拟语气当表示一种命令、建议或要求时，常使用虚拟语气来显得客气或委婉。
例如：- I suggest that you arrive on time for the meeting.- It's important that he be there for the ceremony.三、愿望虚拟语气愿望虚拟语气用于表达对过去、现在或将来的愿望、期望或希望。
虚拟语气用法归纳表格
虚拟语气用法归纳表格1、虚拟语气的定义虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，表示说话人的主观愿望、假设、猜测、建议等非真实的情况。
11 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气条件从句：If ＋主语＋动词过去式（be 动词用 were）主句：主语＋ would/should/could/might ＋动词原形例如：If I were you, I would study harder111 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气条件从句：If ＋主语＋ had ＋过去分词主句：主语＋ would/should/could/might ＋ have ＋过去分词例如：If I had known the truth, I wouldn't have made such a mistake 112 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气条件从句：If ＋主语＋ were to ＋动词原形或 If ＋主语＋ should ＋动词原形主句：主语＋ would/should/could/might ＋动词原形例如：If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home121 wish 后的宾语从句与现在事实相反：从句用一般过去时与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时与将来事实相反：从句用 would/could ＋动词原形例如：I wish I were a bird （与现在事实相反）122 would rather 后的宾语从句与现在或将来事实相反：从句用一般过去时与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时例如：I would rather you came tomorrow （与将来事实相反）13 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用It is ＋形容词＋ that 句型中，形容词为 necessary, important, strange 等时，从句用“should ＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。
例如：It is necessary that we （should) study hard14 虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用与主语从句类似，在 suggestion, proposal, order 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，从句用“should ＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。
虚拟语气大全
3. 含有were, had, should, could 的从句 省略if法 If I had a lot of money,
Had I a lot of money, If I would buy I could do this it, house. 如果我能做这件事情，我一定会做的。 Could do it, I would surely do it. IfI the Black Death should reappear , 万一黑死病再次出现，我们该怎么办？ Should the Black Death reappear, what should we do?
有一些动词(表建议，命令，请求，要求)后 的从句
Ask, command, decide, demand, desire(希 望), insist, move（动议）, order, direct(命令), propose, request, recommend(推荐，建议), suggest, urge(敦促), rule(裁定)…. 特别是说明：由这些动词演变过来的形容词和 名词后的从句的动词与这些动词后的从句谓语 动词用法一样。比如suggest 和suggestion 后的从句的动词都应该用（should） 动词原 型。
句型：it is + 一系列形容词和名词 + that …
-
一系列形容词和名词: important, desirable, necessary, essential, imperative, vital, natural, strange, incredible, my wish, a pity It is natural that mothers should love their children It is natural that mothers love their children (其中should可以省略)
虚拟语气(整理版)
虚拟语气(整理版)虚拟语气定义：虚拟语气指不行能实现的愿望或与事实相反的状况，而不表示客观存在的事实。
大致可分为以下几种状况：一、虚拟条件句（Unreal conditions）(一)含有if条件句的主从句的虚拟语气总结：1. If条件句中谓语动词的虚拟结构是在本来陈述语气所用时态的基础上倒退一个时态（对未来虚拟的were to do/should do例外）2. 主句要借助于情态动词的过去式，后跟动词原形（现在或未来）或have done(过去)；if条件句中只浮现一个情态动词，即对未来虚拟的should.3.做此类题目时一定要分清是从句还是主句谓语动词的虚拟，还要掌握好时态。
注重：1. 在虚拟条件从句中，动词“be”的过去时态一律用”were”，不用was。
2. 在虚拟条件状语中假如有were, should, had这三个词中任何一个，可省略if，把这三个词提到主语提之前, 变成：were/should/had +主语+剩余成分。
3.在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。
如我们可说Were I not to do., 而不能说Weren…t I todo。
4.在表示与未来事实相反的条件句中，只能用should，而不能用would，could和might 等。
5.主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would，could以及might 可以用于各种人称（二）混合虚拟条件句当假设条件句的主句和从句不表达同一时光的时候，我们应使用混合时光的假设条件句，动词的形式要分离按照它所表示的不同时光做相应的调节，变法同if条件虚拟句的主从句谓语动词变法。
（三）含蓄条件句在含蓄条件句中，我们常使用otherwise ，or, but以及with ，without ，but for开头的介词短语来代替条件句。
注：1. but for =1)If it weren’t fo r(对普通现在时虚拟)2)If it hadn’t been for(对普通过去时虚拟)2.分句（直陈）+otherwise/or+分句→对主句谓语动词的虚拟3.分句（对主句谓语动词虚拟）+but/unfortunately+分句（直陈）4.with/without/but for+宾语+句子（对主句谓语动词虚拟）填空：1. 假如现在不下雨的话, 我们就出去野餐了。
虚拟语气总结
虚拟语气总结虚拟语气是中文语法中的一个重要部分，它用来表示与事实相反、与现实不符或者与实际情况相违背的假设条件。
在句子中，虚拟语气可以通过动词变化、词语搭配或者语气的转变来表示。
在本文中，我们将对虚拟语气进行总结和探讨。
一、虚拟语气的分类虚拟语气主要分为三种形式：假设虚拟语气、愿望虚拟语气和建议虚拟语气。
假设虚拟语气用来表示与事实相反或者与现实情况不符的假设条件。
例如：“如果我是你，我就不会这样做。
”这句话中，“我是你”的前提是与实际情况不符的。
愿望虚拟语气用来表达对现实情况的一种希望或者愿望。
例如：“我希望我能够飞起来。
”这句话中，“我能够飞起来”是与现实情况相悖的。
建议虚拟语气用来表示一种建议或者命令的语气。
例如：“你最好不要再迟到了。
”这句话中，“你最好不要迟到”是一种与现实情况相反的建议。
二、虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的用法在语法中有一定的规则。
在假设虚拟语气中，如果条件是与现实相反的假设，一般用“如果”、“要是”、“虽然”等连词引导。
在愿望虚拟语气中，可以使用“但愿”、“要是”、“如果”等词语来引导。
在建议虚拟语气中，常用的引导词有“最好”、“最宜”、“要是”等。
虚拟语气的主要表示方式是通过动词的变化。
在汉语中，动词的变化包括假定语气动词的使用、词语搭配的改变和语气的转换。
例如，在假设虚拟语气中，“是”可以变为“要是”、“如果”、“虽然”等；在愿望虚拟语气中，动词可以添加“了”、“吧”等语气词来表示虚拟语气。
有一些常用的虚拟语气的表达方式。
例如，在假设虚拟语气中，可以用“要是”+现在时态表示现在虚拟，用“要是”+过去时态表示过去虚拟。
在愿望虚拟语气中，可以用“但愿”+现在时态表示对现在情况的一种希望，用“但愿”+过去时态表示对过去情况的一种希望。
在建议虚拟语气中，可以用“要是”+现在时态表示对现在情况的一种建议或者命令。
三、虚拟语气的意义和作用虚拟语气在语言交际中有着重要的意义和作用。
它可以用来表示一种假设条件或者与事实相反的情况，让语言变得更加丰富和灵活。
虚拟语气英语知识点总结
虚拟语气英语知识点总结一、虚拟语气的概念。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测或建议等。
二、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。
1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构：从句（If + 主语+ 动词的过去式（be动词一般用were）），主句（主语+ would/should/could/might+动词原形）。
- 例如：If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更努力学习。
实际上我不是你）2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构：从句（If+主语+had+过去分词），主句（主语+would/should/could/might + have+过去分词）。
- 例如：If he had taken my advice, he would have passed the exam.（如果他听了我的建议，他就会通过考试了。
实际上他没听建议，也没通过考试）3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构：从句（If+主语+动词的过去式/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形），主句（主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形）。
- 例如：If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们就会待在家里。
明天是否下雨还不确定，但这是一种假设情况）- 或者If he should come tomorrow, I would tell him the news.（如果他明天来，我就会告诉他这个消息）- 以及If I were to see her tomorrow, I would give her the book.（如果我明天见到她，我就会把书给她）三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。
1. wish后的宾语从句。
- 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were）。
虚拟语气的定义与用法
虚拟语气的定义与用法在英语的语法世界里，虚拟语气就像是一位神秘的访客，它不常出现，但每次露面都带着独特的魅力和重要的使命。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的语法形式，用来表达与事实相反、假设、愿望、建议、要求等非真实的情况。
先来说说虚拟语气的定义。
简单来讲，虚拟语气就是通过特殊的动词形式来表示说话人所设想的非真实的情况。
它不是在陈述已经发生或者正在发生的事情，而是在描绘一种想象中的、可能发生但实际上并未发生的场景。
比如，“If I were a bird, I would fly freely in the sky”（如果我是一只鸟，我会在天空自由飞翔。
）在这个句子中，“我是一只鸟”显然不是真实的情况，这就是虚拟语气的运用。
虚拟语气的用法多种多样，咱们来详细瞧瞧。
一种常见的情况是对现在的假设。
当我们假设现在的情况与实际相反时，从句的谓语动词通常用一般过去时（be 动词用 were），主句用“would ／ could ／ should ／ might ＋动词原形”。
就像刚刚提到的那个例子，如果现在我不是人而是鸟，这是对现在的一种假设。
再比如，“If I had enough money, I would buy a big house”（如果我有足够的钱，我会买一栋大房子。
）但实际上，我现在没有足够的钱，这就是对现在情况的虚拟。
然后是对过去的假设。
这种情况下，从句要用过去完成时，即“had＋过去分词”，主句则用“would ／ could ／ should ／ might ＋ have ＋过去分词”。
举个例子，“If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam”（如果她学习更努力的话，她就会通过考试了。
）而事实是，她过去没有努力学习，所以没通过考试。
除了假设，虚拟语气还用于表达愿望。
比如说，“I wish I were taller”（我希望我更高一点。
英语虚拟语气的三种时态
英语虚拟语气的三种时态三种时态中的英语虚拟语气虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）是英语语法中的一种特殊形式，用来表达与事实相反、与现实不符合或带有假设、建议、命令等语气的情况。
在英语中，虚拟语气可用于过去、现在和将来三种时态。
本文将详细介绍英语虚拟语气在这三种时态中的应用。
一、过去式虚拟语气（Past Subjunctive）过去式虚拟语气用于对过去发生的事情进行虚拟表达。
它通常与“if”或“wish”等引导的从句连用，表示对过去事实的非真实假设或对过去的遗憾、愿望等。
用法如下：1. 与现在事实相反的假设：If I were you, I would apologize.（如果我是你，我会道歉。
）If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.（如果她学得更努力，她就能通过考试。
）2. 对过去的遗憾、愿望：I wish I had taken that job.（我希望我当时接受了那份工作。
）He wishes he were taller.（他希望自己更高一些。
）二、现在式虚拟语气（Present Subjunctive）现在式虚拟语气用于对现在或将来的事情进行虚拟表达。
它通常与“if”或“suggest”等引导的从句连用，表示对现实的非真实假设、建议或要求。
用法如下：1. 对现在事实相反的假设：If it were to rain, we would stay at home.（如果下雨的话，我们将呆在家里。
）I suggest that he be more careful.（我建议他更加小心。
）2. 对现在的建议或要求：It is important that she arrive on time.（她准时到达是很重要的。
） They demanded that he pay the bill immediately.（他们要求他立即支付账单。
虚拟语气总结
虚拟语气总结虚拟语气是英语语法中的一种特殊语态，用来表达一种假设、愿望、建议、命令、怀疑或可能性的情态。
在句子中，虚拟语气主要通过动词的形态变化和句子结构来表示。
一、虚拟语气的形态变化：1. 过去虚拟语气：主要用于表示与事实相反的情况或不可能实现的愿望。
形式为：had + 过去分词。
例如：“If I had enough money, I would travel around the world.”2. 现在虚拟语气：主要用于表示与现在事实相反的情况或不可能实现的愿望。
形式为：动词原形+过去式。
例如：“If I were you, I would study harder.”3. 条件句中的虚拟语气：主要用于表示条件句中的假设情况。
形式为：should/would/could/might + 动词原形。
例如：“If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.”二、虚拟语气的用法：1. 表达与现在事实相反的情况：使用“were”作为虚拟语气动词，无论主语是单数还是复数。
例如：“If I were you, I would apologize.”2. 表达与过去事实相反的情况：使用“had”作为虚拟语气动词。
例如：“If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.”3. 表达不可能实现的愿望：使用虚拟语气动词的适当形式来表示愿望、建议或命令。
例如：“I wish I were taller.” “If only I could speak French.” “She demanded that he leave immediately.”4. 表达估计、推测、怀疑或建议：使用虚拟语气动词的适当形式来表示可能性。
例如：“It is important that he arrive on time.” “She suggested that we go to the cinema.”三、虚拟语气的注意事项：1. 注意一致性：在条件从句中，主句和从句的动词形式要保持一致。
虚拟语气
4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；
1）wish + 宾语从句 现在： 过去时 (did/were)
过去：
过去完成时 (had done)/ could,would+have done
would/could/might+V. 未来： should
• I wish I were a bird. (现在)
4、状语从句
• 1 、让步状语从句 由连接词whether, if, even if/though, whatever, so long as 引导的状语从句， 其谓语可用虚拟语气，即动词原形。如： Whether the figures be accurate or not, they have to be rechecked. 不管那些数字准确与否，都得重新核对。 I won’t let you in whoever you may be. 无论你是谁我都不让你进去
4、省去结果主句的非真实条件句
非真实条件句省去结果主句常表示一种不可能实现 的愿望，常用If only …(要是…就好了)来引导。 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again! • 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 • 要是我没错过火车就好了！
与未来事实相反
1.If I were you, I ____ buy the house right now. C A. won’t B. don’t C. wouldn’t D. can’t 2. _____more careful, his ship would not have B sunk. A. If the captain were B. If the captain had been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he A ____ me tomorrow, I would let him know A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able
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Without air, there would be no living things. If there were no air, there would be no living things. But for your help, I couldn’t have done it. If it hadn’t been for your help, I couldn’t have done it. Supposing there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She would leave her husband except for children.
(3) 含蓄条件句 I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them. I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.
Subjunctive Mood(虚拟语气） 虚拟语气） 虚拟语气
从句时态倒退一格
含义 if从句谓语形式 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 would/ could/might/should do 与现在事 一般过去(did/were) 实相反 与过去事 实相反 过去完成(had done)
would/ could/might/should have done
the Subjunctive Mood 虚 拟 语 气
Chinese movies VS Hollywood movies
Why Hollywood movies are far more attractive than Chinese films ? --Hong Kong University
（4）if only 从句 ） if only 若是 那该多好啊 真希望 只要 就好 若是...那该多好啊 真希望...; 只要...就好 那该多好啊; 过去完成时 could + 完成时 if only 一般过去时 对现在虚拟 对过去虚拟
would /could/might 对将来虚拟 +动词原形 动词原形 1. If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes. 2. If only she could have lived a little longer. If only she had lived a little longer. 3. If only he had arrived in time.
与将来事 一般过去时(did/were) 实相反 were to do would/ could/might/should do Should do
学习虚拟条件句还要注意以下4点 学习虚拟条件句还要注意以下 点：
（1）省略 ）省略if
If I were a millionaire, I would travel around the world. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had 在虚拟条件状语中如果有 Were 这三个词, a millionaire, I would travel 这三个词 I 主语提前变成 were, should, had around the +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语 主语的形式。 world. 主语的形式 但要注意， If you 从句中， had come back earlier last night, 从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用 you would have 动词的缩略形式。 gone to Were I not 动词的缩略形式。如我们可说bed earlier. to Had you come back earlier do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. last night, you would have gone to bed earlier. If I should not have a test, I would go shopping. Should I not have a test , I would …
7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ___ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 8.பைடு நூலகம்__ for the doctor’s careful treatment, he ___till last year. A. If it is not, can’t live B. Were it not, couldn’t live C. Had it not been, couldn’t have lived D. If they were not, couldn’t live
1.If we had started making films earlier, we ____ (start) … history … _________(make) more excellent films. would have made money … … 2.If there _ (be) more good plays / scrips and were … scrip/play … … might produce money, we __(may)director … more hot films. … life standard … 3.If one day Chinese _______(become) an were … … audience to become illegal copy of DVD would win international language, our films ____ (win) a larger audience. ----Subjunctive Mood(虚拟语气）
He insisted that Mary ______ (be) seriously ill and was be sent that she _________(send) to hospital at once. was The boy’s expression suggested that he _________ (be) angry, so Jim suggested that we should not argue _________________( not argue) with him any more. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory _______________(close down). be closed down My demand is that she _____________(come) to should come see me once a week.
had attended If you ___________________ (attend) the meeting yesterday, you ____________ (know) would know what we are doing now. were If it ______ (be) not for the fact that his father is the manager, he ____________________ would not have got (get) the position.
(2) 错综混合条件句
If…were/did … , …would/could/might do …
If … had been/done… , …would/could/might have done… If…were/did/should/were to… , …would/could/might do…
4. I went by plane; otherwise I ____ much longer time. A.could take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have taken 5. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _____ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 6. Without liberation we ________ a new life. A. would not begin C. had not begun B. would not have been begun D. would not have begun
注意点: 注意点: 1.suggest和insist具有双重性 和 1. 具有双重性 2.require, propose, order, desire 2. 等相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主 语从句, 语从句,表语从句和同位语从句也要使 用虚拟语气
I suggested that you should go to Dalian for holiday. My suggestion is that you should go to Dalian for holiday. Do you agree to my suggestion that you should go to Dalian for holiday. It is suggested that you should go to Dalian for holiday.