过去分词作定语与表语
过去分词作表语和定语
过去分词作表语和定语概念引入今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。
先看下面这些句子：1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary peopleexposed to cholera. (inspired过去分词作表语；exposed过去分词作定语)2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(terrified过去分词作定语)3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholerakilled people.(interested 过去分词作表语)4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon theaffected person died.(affected过去分词作定语)5. He was determined to find out why. （determined过去分词作表语）6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.(polluted过去分词作定语)上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词，句1（inspired）、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语；而句1（exposed）、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词，作定语。
那么过去分词是什么？有什么作用？我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。
语法讲解英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为：不定式（to do）、动词-ing 形式（doing）和过去分词（done）。
过去分词作定语和表语
Anyone invited to watch Olympics will 任何一个被
邀请的人
feel excited.
注意2
The ground is
covered with
fallen ______leaves. eg: retired workers the risen flag
V-ing 与V-ed 作定语的区别
Today is sep11th, 11 years ago today, a
piece of frightening news hit the world.
Terrorists (恐怖分子) attacked the
Pentagon(五角大楼) in America. Now this ruined place has been replaced by a more beautiful building. But people still feel frightened thinking of that terrible
He comes from a developed country, America. (发达的)
He comes from America, which is a developed country ___________________.
八金王菲尔普斯
Practice 1 回首北京 The 29th Olympics (在北京举办的) held in Beijing
系动词也有多种形式 become, seem, be, remain, stay 等。
高考曾考过： 1. Please remain _____ until the plane has come to a
语法-过去分词作定语和表语
过去分词作定语和表语Q：神马是动词的过去分词？A：①②一、过去分词作定语。
①动词的过去分析作定语的意义；a respected guest a risen suna retired worker the broken glassconclusion: 过去分词作定语的意义是表& 。
②动词的过去分析作定语的位置；fallen leaves retired workers the risen sunThe computer centre, opened last year, is very popular among young people.The bridge built 2000 years ago is in good condition now.conclusion: 单个的过去分词作定语，往往放在被修饰的名词的；过去分词短语往往放在被修饰的名词的。
翻译下列短语或句子：一个被宠坏的孩子：一次有组织的旅行：交通事故造成的死亡：一本被英语老师写的书：③过去分词作定语与定语从句的关系。
We all like the lectures that are given by Mr. Song.=>We all like the lectures given by Mr. Song.译：The bridge which was built 2000 years ago is in good condition now.=> The bridge built 2000 years ago is in good condition now.译：conclusion：把定语从句中的和省去之后，便成为了；因此过去分词短语与定语从句可以。
把下列定语从句变为过去分词短语作定语,并翻译。
①Let’s try the bookstore that was opened last year.②Nine out of ten women who were interviewed about the product said they liked it.③Yesterday, the President went to visit the workers who had retired.④The United States is a country which has developed.⑤He told us the great wrong which had been done to him.⑥We must keep a secret of the things which is being discussed here.⑦Please tell me the subjects which will be discussed at the next meeting.EXERCISE:1.一直迷路的羊2.英语口语3.一名退休的教师4.发达国家5.鲁迅写的书很受欢迎PRACTICE：1.I found this plate on the floor. The plate was broken in pieces.2.I looked at that modern abstract(抽象的) painting. It was colored in yellows and greens.3.Yesterday I got the answer to my question on the Internet. It was the one I expected.4.She is one of my friends. She is devoted to my interests.5.On the doorstep I found a lot of bottled. They were marked in green ink.6.We saw many windows in that room. They were all cracked.二、过去分词作表语。
语法过去分词作定语和表语
A of the ___ speech, started to 10. Mr Smith, ____ read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring
1. _____________ (开水) 2. ________________ (一个破碎的茶杯) 3. three ____________________ (受伤的士兵) 4.We lived in the house __________________ (我舅舅们修建的). 5. Any medicine ________(服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble. 6. We spent two hours discussing the plan ____ ______________ (她制定的).
Attention：过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词和 指示代词those 时，要放在这些词后面。 Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested
语法功能 过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一
个定语从句。
3)过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别：
• the changing world • the changed world • boiling water • boiled water
（正在变化的） （变化了的） （正在沸腾的） （已经沸腾过的）
Past paticiple
分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词
good_过去分词作定语和表语
高考链接
A 2. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置 定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故 用过去分词表示。
二、过去分词作定语的位置
a.单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名
词或代 词前面
一颗破碎的心
a broken heart a lost dog
丧家之犬
已升起的太阳
a risen sun
a broken glass
被打破的玻璃杯
b. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用 相当于定语从句。
1. People exposed to cholera = people who were exposed to cholera 2. the book recommended by Jack
3. 变化类： turn , become, fall ,get, go, grow,
4. 似乎类： appear, seem
5. 保持类： remain, , stay, keep, ……………..
注意：过去分词作表语，构成的系表结 构与被动语态的区别： 过去分词作表语，强调特点或状态； 而被动语态中，强调动作。 e.g.：This shop is now closed．
Great scientists
过去分词作定语和表语
单个过去分词修饰 something,
everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等不定
代词时，也要放在这些词后面。
Nothing reported interested him.
过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定 语，前后用逗号隔开。
boiling water
（正在沸腾的)
boiled water （已经沸腾过的） fading flowers (正在凋谢的) faded flowers （已经凋谢的） a developing country (发展中的) a developed country （发达的）
The child standing over there is my brother. The room facing south is our classroom. The book written by Lu Xun is very good. The road completed yesterday is leading to Tibet.
a novel written by MoYan
So, 过去分词（短语）作定语， 与其所 修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的 被动 关系，且表示该动作 ________ _____________ 。单个的过去分词作 已经完成 定语，通常置于被修饰词的 前面 分词短语 _________ ，而______________ 作定 语，则需置于被修饰词之后。
过去分词作表语
•过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或情 感，有被动意味，相当于一个形容词。 •常用来作表语的过去分词有：interested, excited, impressed, disappointed, bored, delighted, discouraged, drunk, amused, astonished, tired, surprised, pleased, satisfied, worried •e.g. The little boy was very excited at the sight of the tiger.
过去分词作定语及表语
过去分词作定语及表语1 构成:v +ed 或不规则的变化动词Page 104-1062 过去分词本身的含义: 被动或完成a broken heart a lost dog a ploughed fielda risen sun a grown-up daughteran escaped prisoner a retired generalfaded colors①不及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示动作的完成fallen leaves 落叶returned students 归国留学生newly-arrived visitors 新到的客人②及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动及动作的完成。
(与所修饰的词是一种动宾的逻辑关系)the cold boiled water 冷开水a developed country※与所修饰的词是一种动宾的逻辑关系①过去分词的一般式(已经完成的)The patient operated on will soon be allowed to go home.②不定式的被动式(即将发生的)The patient to be operated on is Mr. Smith.③-ing 的被动式(正在进行的)being doneThe patient being operated on is Mr. Smith.The patient having been operated on is Mr. Smith.(×)→The patient operated on is Mr. Smith.(√)过去分词作定语a.过去分词作定语，具有形容词的性质。
一般说来：单个过去分词或adv.-p.p作前置定语:He is a respected leader.a recently-built househome-grown vegetablesman-made fibers过去分词短语作后置定语:Young people brought up in the new society can’t imagine the bitt er life in the old days.b.作定语时可用定语从句代替He is a respected leader.= He is a leader__________________.Young people brought up in the new society can’t imagine the bitter life in the old days.= Y ong people ______________________________________can’t imagine the bitter life in the old days.1.Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than store prices .A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying2. The first text books ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century .A.Having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written3. With everything she needed _____, the lady went home happily .A boughtB to be boughtC buyingD being bought4. The Olympic Games , _________in 776BC , did not include women players until 1912.A first playingB to be first playedC first playedD to be first playing5. The matter ______at the next meeting is very important .A discussedB being discussedC to be discussedD be discussed6. The girl _____ in red is my second daughter.A. dressingB. dressed herselfC. dressedD. is dressing7. I couldn’t underst and the language _______ in that country.A. to speakB. speakingC. to be spokenD. spoken8. The ground is _____ with ______ leaves.A. covering, fallingB. covered, fallingC. covered, fallenD. covering, fallen过去分词作表语She looked worried.I am interested in the book.He was lost in thought.The door remained locked.be动词和系动词1、be 动词2、表示变化的动词:become, get, turn,go, grow等3、感官动词:look, feel, smell, taste,sound等4、还有seem, appear, stay, keep,remain, turn out等有的已成为固定搭配：be covered with 被……覆盖be lost in thought 陷入沉思be caught in the rain 被雨淋be separated from 从……分离be interested in 对…感兴趣be absorbed in 专心致志于系表结构和被动结构This lake is badly polluted .This lake is badly polluted by a paper mill .系表结构表示主语所处的状态,被动语态则表示主语所承受的动作.1.As we joined the big crowd , I got _____ from my friendsA. separatedB. sparedC. lostD. missed2. Cleaning women in the big cities get _____ by the hour .A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay过去分词的基本特点：1.从语态上讲：过去分词一般表被动。
过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语精讲
过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语精讲过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语作用与用法过去分词：表示完成和被动的动作，具有形容词.副词的作用主要形式：done,have done, had done可作成分：定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语1.定语: 表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,或指一个动作的完成。
1）单一过去分词做定语——被修饰的名词之前（除了不定代词something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody ，those... ）E.g. It was the lost cat.=It was the cat which had lost.Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him.2）过去分词短语作定语——被修饰的名词之后单个过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句E.g. People addicted to drugs are dangerous.=People who are addicted to drugs are dangerous.This is a novel written by Luxun.=This is a novel which is written byLuxun.【点拨】过去分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成一种"动宾关系"，即"被动态"。
过去分词作定语，主要说明"业已完成的动作"或是"一个在以前某个未知时间发生的动作" 。
More examples:They reduced the number of animals used in experiments.他们减少了用于试验的动物数量What' s the language spoken in that country? 那个国家讲的是什么语言？Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗？They are problems left over by history? 他们是历史遗留下来的问题Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green. 突然出现一个穿绿衣服的青年女子注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语一样，它的完成时( have done, had done) 不能做定语。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
概念引入今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。
先看下面这些句子：1.Buthebecame inspired whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople exposed tocholera.(inspired过去分词作表语；exposed过去分词作定语)2.Somanythousandsof terrified peoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.(terrified过去分词作定语)3.Hebecame interested intwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.(interested过去分词作表语)4.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoonthe affected persondied.(affected过去分词作定语)5.Hewas determined tofindoutwhy.（determined过去分词作表语）6.Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriver polluted bythedirtywaterfromLondon.(polluted过去分词作定语)上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词，句1（inspired）、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语；而句1（exposed）、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词，作定语。
那么过去分词是什么？有什么作用？我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。
用法讲解过去分词的作用英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为：不定式（todo）、动词-ing 形式（doing）和过去分词（done）。
动词-ing形式可分为现在分词和动名词：现在分词强调动作，如asleepingboy中的sleeping强调“睡觉”这一动作，而且此动作正在进行，与所修饰词boy有逻辑上的主谓关系（即sleeping的动作是boy做的），因此是现在分词作定语；而asleepingbag中的sleeping强调功能，表示“用来睡觉的”，是动名词作定语。
过去分词多表示动作的被动和完成，但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被动”意义。
本单元主要学习过去分词作表语和定语。
1.与助动词一起构成谓语：1）过去分词与have/has/had一起构成完成时，如：Haveyouever been toabroadbefore你以前出过国吗？(现在完成时)Theroadswerefullofpeople.Wehadn’t thought ofthat.（过去完成时）路上到处都是人。
我们之前没有想到这一点。
2）过去分词与be动词一起构成被动语态。
Willthegoodsbe delivered tousontime这些货物能按时交付给我们吗？Thesebooksarenot intended forchildren.这些书不是为孩子们设计的。
2.非谓语动词用法作为非谓语动词在句子中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
1）作表语：Iamawfully worried,becauseDaddyisill.我很着急，因为爸爸病了。
2）作定语：Shehada worried lookonherface.她满面愁容。
3）作宾语补足语：Shewantedthework finished byFriday.她要求这工作星期五前完成。
4）作状语：Theycamein,followed bytheirwives.他们走了进来，妻子们跟随在后。
Convinced thattheyweretryingtopoisonher,sherefusedtoeatanything.她认为他们想毒害她，便拒绝吃任何东西。
过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语的位置单个过去分词作定语时，多放在被修饰词前，而分词短语多放在被修饰词后。
Martin’s confused sorrowsturnedtooptimism.马丁烦乱的悲哀情绪转而变成了乐观情绪。
Theplay putonbytheteachers wasabigsuccess.老师们表演的戏很成功。
注意：有些单个的过去分词，习惯上要放在被修饰词后面；过去分词如果修饰代词时，也多放在被修饰词后。
Thereislittletimeleft.Let’shurryup.剩下的时间不多了，我们赶快吧。
Heisoneofthoseinvited.他是被邀请的人之一。
2.过去分词作定语时的意义：首先我们研究一下这些例句：1）Shehada worried lookonherface.她脸上有担心的表情。
2）The frightened horseranawayfromthefire.恐惧的马逃离了大火。
3）Shehad confused feelingsabouthim.她对他的感觉有点迷惑。
4）Heworean embarrassed expression.他一副尴尬的表情。
句1）中worried修饰“look（表情）”。
也许你还记得老师说过：物时要用-ing形式，人就用-ed形式，初中时老师会这样讲，如：I’minterestedinthebook.Thebookisinteresting.但是在高中，我们就要思考、分析一下，因为有时事物也会用-ed，而人也可能用-ing。
注意句1），凡是“表情（look/expression）”一定都是“由里向外”发出的，如：我高兴------pleasedlook我满意------satisfiedlook我担忧------worriedlook也就是说，自己由里而外的感觉要用-ed的形式。
什么时候人可能用-ing形式呢？如：看到一个可爱的男孩儿跑过来了，我们可以说：Theboyisinteresting.再如：Sheisfrightened.-----表示“She”胆子小，很害怕，是内部的感觉；但是如果“She”长得像个妖怪呢？? 就该是“Sheisfrightening.”了，指的是horrible（吓人的）。
所以-ing形式是“给别人的感觉”，而-ed是内在的感觉。
这是常考的易错点。
句2）中the frightened horse指受到惊吓的马，是马内在的感受；不指马长得难看。
??????同样，句3）中confused feelings也是指内在的感受；? 句4）中an embarrassed expression是由于内心的尴尬而发出的表情。
再看下面的短语中的过去分词：theunemployed(未受雇佣的)workers----“工人”是“未被雇佣的”thescheduled(依时刻表运行的)train----“火车”是被定了时间表的theadvertised(广告中的)product----“商品”是被做了广告theburied(掩埋的)treasure----被埋的珍宝（bury）theinjured(受伤的)passenger----injuresb./oneself? 使某人/自己受伤，乘客“被使受伤”的，此处更强调“完成”fallenleaves----fall是不及物动词，fallen此处只表示“完成”小结：1）及物动词的过去分词作定语时，被修饰词经常是过去分词动作的承受者，即逻辑上的动宾关系，此时过去分词表示被动，有时还表示动作的完成。
此时过去分词与其附属成分（宾语或状语等）相当于定语从句。
Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriver pollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon? （=which hadbeenpolluted bythedirtywaterfromLondon）.他发现水是从被伦敦排出的脏水污染了的河里来的。
（表示被动和完成）It’ssaidthatan honoured guestwillbehereinhalfanhour.（只表示被动）据说半小时后有位受尊敬的客人就到了。
2）不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已经完成。
vanished jewels消失了的珠宝a retired teacher一位退休教师3.现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：1）语态上的不同注意被修饰词与分词动作的关系：现在分词表示主动，即现在分词动作是被修饰词做的。
过去分词表示被动，即被修饰词是过去分词动作的承受者。
对比：spokenEnglish英语口语（英语是被说的）anEnglish-speakingcountry一个说英语的国家（国家的人说英语----主动）再如：asimply-furnishedroom装修简单的房间（房间被装修）afastdevelopingcountry快速发展的国家（国家发展----主动）2）时间关系上的不同现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词多表示已经完成的动作。
thechangingworld正在发生变化的世界thechangedworld已经变化了的世界再如：thehouse beingbuilt正在建造的房子thehouse built in20102010年建造的房子过去分词作表语1.过去分词放在系动词be,get,feel,remain,seem,become等后作表语,多为及物动词变化而来的，有被动意味，表示主语所处的状态。
Hebecame annoyed withthestudents.他非常生学生的气。
Areyou married orsingle你是已婚还是单身？Heseemswell qualified forthejob.他好像非常胜任这个工作。
2.少数不及物动词的过去分词也可以作表语，只有完成的意思，也说明主语所处的状态。
Gone arethedays（=Thedaysare gone）whenmyheartwasyoungandgay.我的心又年轻又愉快的日子一去不复返了。
Thesunis set.Let’sgohome.太阳落山了，我们回家吧。
3.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语表示状态，而被动语态表示被动的动作。
Thecup isbroken.那个茶杯打碎了。
（指茶杯现在的状态，系表结构）Thecup wasbroken byTomwhenhetookittothelivingroom.（指过去动作，被动语态）那个是汤姆打碎的，当时他正把它拿到客厅去。
4.与感觉有关的动词的现在分词和过去分词的区别：在过去分词作定语部分我们已经涉及到这些词的用法了，下面是从动词角度去理解的方法。