2022版《卓越学案》高考英语(通用版)二轮复习 第二部分 附录Ⅱ.构词法
高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全：专题01 构词法
专题01 构词法高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【考点详解】【命题解读】分析近三年年高考卷，仅在语法填空中涉及到构词法中的就有两到三个小题。
可知，近年高考越来越注重对构词法的考查。
通过引导学生掌握构词法，分析词的组成，有助于学生提高词汇的分析能力，扩大词汇量。
此外，利用构词法还有助于记住单词的形、义和词性，避免出现拼写的错误，提高综合能力。
【考点预测】预计2023年高考将侧重考查词性的转换，命题侧重对名词、形容词、副词的转换的考查。
【复习建议】1.掌握派生法、合成法、转化法2.侧重培养通过语境上下文的推理判断词性的能力3.注重词汇积累考点一（派生法）派生法就是由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。
词根是派生词的基础，而词缀起到决定派生词的词汇意义和语法属性的作用。
（一）形容词的后缀和前缀1. 名词+-cial--形容词benefit--beneficial 有益的office--official 官方的face--facial 面部的race--racial 种族的finance--financial 金融的society--social 社会的【典例剖析】(2022全国卷乙卷) l provide ___________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.【答案】financial【解析】设空处后面有名词aid，充当provide的宾语，故修饰名词应当使用形容词作定语。
2022高考英语：(13)二轮语法学案(独立主格结构)(练习题配解析或解析)
2022高考英语：（13）二轮语法学案（独立主格结构）（练习题配解析或解析）复习独立主格结构1．独立主格结构的差不多概念独立主格结构是由一个独立的名词或代词(作为该短语结构的逻辑主语)，加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语(作为该短语结构的逻辑谓语)构成。
这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，因此，通常把它叫做独立主格结构。
该结构要紧起状语作用，相当于一个状语从句，多用来表示行为、方式、相伴的情形，有时也用来表示时刻、缘故、条件等。
2．独立主格结构的差不多构成形式及其作用如上所述，独立主格结构在句中一样作状语，其作用相当于一个状语从句。
常见的构成形式如下：(1)名词或代词主格十分词(现在分词或过去分词)eg：The experiment done．the students went on to take notes in the experiment report．试验终止后，同学们连续在试验报告上作记录。
(2)名词或代词主格+形容词eg：Computers being very small，we can use them widely．随着电脑体积变小，我们能够广泛地使用它们。
(3)名词或代词主格+不定式eg：The way to grow crops well，the farmers have found at last．农民们最终找到了种好庄稼的方法。
(4)名词或代词主格+介词短语eg：Our English teacher came into the classroom，papers in hand．我们的英语老师拿着卷子走进教室。
(5)名词或代词主格+副词eg：The meeting being over，our headmaster soon left the meeting room．随着会议终止，校长专门快离开了会议室。
3．独立主格结构及分词短语作状语的异同(1)独立主格结构与分词短语在句子中都能够转换为状语从句。
2022版《卓越学案》高考英语(通用版)二轮复习 第一部分 专题三课堂达标训练 Word版含答案
A(2021·山西四校高三其次次联考) She was only about five feet tall and probably never weighed more than 110 pounds. However, Miss Bessie was a(n)__1__ presence in the classroom. From 1938 to 1942, when I attended Saint Bernard’s High School, she taught me a lot __2__ I realized.There was never a(n)__3__problem in Miss Bessie’s classes. We didn’t dare to trouble a woman who knew about the Battle of Hastings and could also play the piano and __4__ Shakespeare and Milton.Miss Bessie knew that my family couldn’t afford to buy a newspaper. She knew we didn’t__5__ own a radio. Still, she __6__ me to look out for my __7__ and find some ways to __8___ what’s going on in the world. __9___ I became a delivery boy who delivered newspapers. I __10__ made a dollar a week, but I got to read a newspaper every day.Miss Bessie noticed things that had nothing to do with schoolwork but were vital to a youngster’s __11__. Once a few classmates made fun of my ___12__ overcoat. As I was leaving school, Miss Bessie ___13__ me on the back of that old overcoat and said，“Carl, never worry about what you don’t have. Just make the most of what you do have—a(n) __14__．”Among the things that I didn’t have was __15__ in the little wooden house. But because of her __16__，I spent many hours beside a kerosene lamp( 煤油灯) reading Shakespeare’s works. Miss Bessie introduced me__17__ a wonderful world of poems and stories. She led me to ___18__ that I could write poems as well as Shakespeare.So I read __19__ Miss Bessie told me to, and tried to remember the things she insisted that I store. Years later, her encouragement finally led to that lovely day when Miss Bessie dropped me a note __20__ “I’m so proud to read your article in The Times.”【解题导语】本文叙述了“我”上高中时，深受Bessie老师的启迪和鼓舞，最终实现幻想，成为一名作家的故事。
2022届新高考英语二轮复习之高级句式表达能力提升练Day 02 文化习俗(解析版)
18.pass down from generation to generation一代一代传下来
19.refer to涉及
20.the majority of大多数
典型句式
1.With these books, Ihope that all of you can know more about Chinese history and culture.
2.这个活动给这些外国人提供了一个了解中国文化的好机会。
The activityoffered these foreigners n good chance to learnabout Chinese culture.
【句法拓展】你可以来中国体验春节，我确信你会过得很愉快。
You can come to China to experience the Spring Festivaland I am sure that you will enjoy yourself.
2022版新教材高考英语一轮总复习必修第二册UNIT2 学案新人教版
UNIT 2 WILDLIFE PROTECTION 三言两语1. There is no denying that it is human beings that led to the disappearance of the poor animals.2. Only when we protect the animals from being harmed will they live in peace here.3. Powerful measures should be taken to punish those who do harm to wildlife. 1. 总之，我们人类应该学会与野生动物和平共处。
In_a_word,we human beings should learn to live_in_peace_with wildlife.2. 他的想法如此切实可行，以至于该地区的动物得到了保护，并且人们也开始培养出了一种责任感。
So_practical_was his thought that the animals in that area got protected and people began to developa_sense_of_responsibility.核心单词[默写识记]根据汉语释义写出单词1. average n. 平均数；平均水平adj. 平均的；正常的；普通的2. due adj. 由于；因为3. measure n. 措施；方法vt. 测量；度量；估量4. reserve n. (动植物)保护区；储藏(量) vt. 预订；预留；保留5. adapt vi. 适应vt. 使适应；使适合6. remind vt. 提醒；使想起7. recover vi. 恢复；康复vt. 找回；寻回8. intend vi. & vt. 打算；计划；想要9. immediately adv. 立刻10. living adj. 居住的；活的，在用的n. 生活；生计11. observe vt. 观察(到)；注视；遵守12. shoot vt. & vi. 射杀；射伤；发射18. net n. 网adj. 净得的；纯的19. dolphin n. 海豚20. stir vt. 激发；搅动21. emotion n. 感情；情感；情绪22. skin n. 皮；皮肤熟词生义1. (2020· 全国卷Ⅲ)We'd like to combine your culture with ours by adapting the classic novel The Steamboat for a short English play. 改编2. (2019·江苏卷)What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations? 取消3. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. 抨击高频短语短语应用1. on_earth (放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟；到底；在地球上2. die_out 灭亡；逐渐消失3. aware_of 意识到；知道4. make_progress 取得进步5. due_to 由于；因为6. watch_over 保护；照管；监督7. day_and_night 日日夜夜；夜以继日8. under_pressure 在压力下；承受压力9. make_out 看清；听清；分清10. search_for 搜寻；查找11. on_average 平均12. concerned_about 对……关切的；为……担忧的13. adapt_to 适应14. stir_up 激起[语境运用1]填入一个适当的词1. They use specially trained dogs to watch over their sheep at night.2. The authorities are under_pressure to build elephant parks and tell people not to buy elephant products.3. Every year, many welleducated young people go to Hainan Island to search fora job.4. Concerned about Tom, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.[语境运用2]填入一个适当的词Due 1. to the fact that people hunted for elephants in order to get their ivory, some of the species have already died 2. out. Only when people are aware 3. of the importance of protecting them can they live happily 4. on earth.1. concern vt. 涉及；让……担忧n. 忧虑；担心；关切；关怀；关爱；(关系到某人自己的)重要的事情(1)show/express concern about/for/over/with对……表示关心have no concern with 与……无关(2)concern oneself with/about sth. 关心某事；担心某事(3)concerned adj. 有关的；有牵连的；焦急的；担忧的be concerned with 与……有关；涉及be concerned about/for 关心/担心……as far as ... be concerned 就……而言；依……之见(4)concerning prep. 有关；关于[词块]a major concern for teenagers 青少年关注的一个主要问题express concern about/over/for the rising unemployment 对不断上升的失业率表示担忧feel/be concerned about her safety 对她的安全感到担心the job concerned with computers 与计算机有关的工作all individuals concerned 所有相关人员单句语法填空①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned (concern) that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about/for/over/with increased screen time.③As we all know, parents focus their attention on their children's study, because it is concerned with their future.④Concerned (concern) about the health of her son, Mrs Jackson went to the school to visit him every week.⑤I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information concerning (concern) the way of learning English.词汇升级(普通表达)(浙江卷)In my opinion, you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.⑥(高级表达)As_far_as_I_am_concerned,you can have a better understanding of theSpring Festival through the activities.2. measure n. 措施；方法；计量单位vt. 测量；度量；估量(1)measure ... by ... 用……来衡量……be measured by/in ... 用……来计算/衡量(2)take measures (to do sth.)采取措施(做某事)make ... to one's measure按某人的尺寸定做……(3)measurement n. 尺寸；长度；测量；计量；衡量[词块]take effective measures采取有效措施measuring instruments 测量仪器单句语法填空①The new bridge under construction, measuring (measure) twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed in 2022.②We must take preventive measures (measure) to reduce crime in the area.句式升级(普通表达)It's high time that we should take/took measures to prevent air from being polluted.③(高级表达)It's high time that measures_should_be_taken/were_taken_to_ prevent_air_from_being_polluted.(被动语态)3. adapt vi. 适应；适合vt. 使适应；使适合；改编；改写(1)adapt to 适应adapt oneself to/adjust oneself to 使自己适应be adapted from ... 根据……改编的adapt ... for ... 改编……为……用(2)adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本[词块]adapt myself to life in the city 使我自己适应城市生活adapt to the environment 适应环境a novel adapted for television 改编成电视剧的小说a new film adapted from a novel by Jane Austen根据简·奥斯汀的一部小说改编的新电影单句语法填空①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at highaltitudes.②To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourselves to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.③I hold the firm belief that she will deal with the changes very well, because she is very adaptable(adapt)．句式升级(普通表达)The culture made it difficult for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.④(高级表达)It_was_the_culture_that_made_it_difficult_for_him_to_adapt_to_ the_new_environment_abroad.(强调句)4. remind vt. 提醒；使想起(1)remind sb. of sb./sth. 提醒某人某事；使某人想起(类似的人或物)remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事remind sb. that ... 提醒某人……(2)reminder n. 起提醒作用的东西单句语法填空①(2020·江苏卷)The phone boxes are making a comeback to remind people of a historical period.②Please remind me to_write (write) an email to my mother tomorrow, for it's her birthday.句式升级(普通表达)We put up a board at the edge of the woods. It reminded people to protect the trees.③(高级表达)We put up a board at the edge of the woods reminding_people_to_ protect_the_trees. (现在分词短语作定语)5. intend vi. & vt. 打算；计划；想要(1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事intend后接的that从句中，谓语由“should＋动词原形”构成，其中should在美式英语中通常可以省略。
语法填空解密01冠词介词代词等无提示词的复习(讲义)高考英语二轮复习讲义分层训练(新高考专用)(学生
7.【2021·全国新高考I卷】While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is65．must to visit!
1.（2022新高考I卷）Giant pandas also serve __________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
9.【2021·全国高考乙卷】Due to65．growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various typesoftrips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
2.（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilometers __________ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20.
3.（2022全国乙卷）May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially __________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
2022高考英语二轮复习导学案(解析答案)：定语从句
2022高考英语二轮复习导学案（解析答案）：定语从句1 【2022·安徽卷】The exact year________Anglela and her family spent together in China was 2008. A．when B．where C．why D．which【答案】D考查定语从句的关系词。
本题先行词为year，在定语从句中作及物动词spent的宾语，因此选用关系代词which。
2【2022·北京卷】I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________my classmates recommended to me.A．who B．which C．when D．where【答案】B考查定语从句。
依据题干信息，定语从句的先行词为book，定语从句中缺乏宾语，加之逗号后为非限制性定语从句，所以本题选B。
3【2022·福建卷】Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.A．who B．when C．which D．where【答案】D考查定语从句。
句意：同学应当使他们自己参与到团体活动中来，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长阅历。
依据句意可知，所填词引导定语从句，先行词是activities，并且从句中的主谓宾成分是齐全的，且不需要表示时间，故选择D项。
4【2022·湖南卷】I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.A. asB. whyC. whenD. where【答案】C考查定语从句。
2022年高考英语专题--11后缀词的主要构成方式(2)词(解析版)
2021年高考英语词汇解题妙招专题11后缀词的主要构成方式(2)动词〔原卷版〕由词根(或单词) 附加前缀、后缀构成新词的方法叫派生法。
由派生法构成的词叫派生词. 大体上讲，派生法有两种：加前缀、加后缀。
由于动词词缀较少,动词主要是原生词.所以本讲对动词前,后缀进行概述。
我们大家给非常熟悉的“老朋友〞加上新的前缀或后缀, 就构成了很多“新朋友〞了, 让我们先从整体上重新认识他们吧。
详细内容如下:根据下划线词在句中所起作用, 说出其词性及其在本句中的意义和原词意义和构成新词的方法。
1.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts.〔2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试〔全国卷I〕〕【答案】commercialize vt. 使商业化；使商品化过去式commercialized过去分词commercialized现在分词commercializing第三人称单数commercializes 【解析】原词commercial是adj. 商业的；营利的；靠广告收入的; n. 商业广告; 复数commercials. 在此commercial后加ize变成动词。
动词后缀ize意为"make",表示“使成...状态〞、“使...化〞等意思，英式英语中也使用-ise。
-ize一般作为派生词缀在形容词或名词后面，构成动词，表示to make ～(使成为...,使...化〕，to become～(变成～〕，to engage or use～(使用...〕,to treat in the way of ～(按...方式处理〕，to act like～(像...一样行动〕等。
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一、合成
将两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方法。
合成
词类
合成方式
例词
合成
名词
名词＋名词
banknote钞票；footprint脚印；glasshouse温室
名词＋v.ing
handwriting笔迹；sightseeing观光
v.ing＋名词
hidingplace藏身地；sleepingpill安眠片
y
布满……的，
有……性质的
cloudy多云的；windy有风的；dirty脏的
less
无，缺，没有
careless马虎的；harmless无害的；useless无用的
some
有……倾向的
handsome秀丽的；tiresome累人的；troublesome厌烦的
动词
(e)n
使，变得
widen加宽；strengthen加强；lengthen加长
在……之外，越出，超出
extraordinary非凡的；extra large特大的
inter
在……中，相互
international国际的；interact相互作用
mis
坏，错，不
misdeed罪行；mistake弄错；misfortune不幸
over
在上面，超过，过分，在外
overhead在头上方；overrun泛滥；overcoat长外套
or
actor演员；sailor水手；director导演
ese
Chinese中国人；Japanese日本人
ee
employee雇员；refugee难民；interviewee受访者
eer
engineer工程师；volunteer志愿者；pioneer先锋
名词
ess
女……，雌……，母……
actress女演员；waitress女服务员；lioness母狮子
[常见的后缀]
词性
后缀
意义
例词
名词
ability
力量，可能性
inability无能；capability力量；availability有效性
age
……的状态，费用
postage邮费；package包裹；shortage不足
aean韩国人
ian
……地方的人，……
en
加在名词或形容词前构成动词
encourage鼓舞；endanger危害；enable使能够；enrich充实；enlarge扩大
out
outclass远远高出；outnumber(在数量上)压倒
dis
构成反义词
disappear消逝；discourage使泄气；disappoint使绝望
in
inactive消极的；incorrect不正确的；indirect间接的
ern
表示方向
southern南方的；northern北方的；eastern东方的
ful
有……性质的
helpful有挂念的；useful有用的；careful认真的
ish
……国家/语言的，
像……似的
English英语的；foolish愚蠢的；childish孩子气的
ive
具有……性质的
active乐观的；creative制造性的；expensive昂贵的
anti
反，敌对
antisocial反社会的；anti American反美的
bi
两，双
bilingual两种语言的；bicycle自行车
co
共同，一起，相互
coexist共存；cooperate合作
ex
以前的，前任的
ex president前任总统；ex husband前夫；ex wife前妻
extra
ful
布满……的，……的量
armful(两臂或单臂的)一抱的量；handful一把(的量)
ment
……的行为/组织
movement运动；development进展；government政府
ness
……的状态/性质
happiness幸福；illness疾病；darkness黑暗
ship
……的关系/性质
副词＋过去分词
well known有名的；newly built新建的
数词＋名词
first class头等的；second hand二手的
合成
副词
anywhere在任何地方；nowhere任何地方都不；somewhere在某处；everywhere处处；upstairs在楼上；indoors在室内；however无论如何；whenever无论何时；somehow不知怎么地；anyhow不管怎样；anyway不管怎样；anytime在任何时候；sometimes有时；nowadays现今；otherwise否则
名词＋动词
daydream做白日梦；sunbathe沐日光浴
合成形容词
名词＋形容词
nationwide全国性的；lifelong毕生的
名词＋现在分词
heartbreaking使心碎的；peacekeeping维护和平的
名词＋过去分词
man made人造的；sunburnt晒伤的
形容词＋名词
high class高级的；fulltime全职的；long term长期的
形容词＋名词
highway大路；mainland大陆
动词＋副词
breakthrough突破；get together联欢
副词＋动词
outbreak爆发；income收入；downfall垮台
合成
动词
副词＋动词
overcome克服；undertake从事；upset使心烦意乱
形容词＋动词
safeguard爱护；blacklist把……列入黑名单
的专家
Egyptian埃及人；Asian亚洲人；musician音乐家
ist
……家，……者
artist艺术家；communist社会主义者；scientist科学家
ism
……主义
socialism社会主义；realism现实主义；idealism抱负主义
er
与……有关的人
driver司机；farmer农夫；thinker思想家
totaladj.全部的—n.总数；quietadj.安静的—n.安静
三、派生
派生法即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。
[常见的前缀]
前缀
作用或意义
例词
a
加在名词前构成形容词或副词
asleep睡着(的)；aside在旁边；ahead向前(的)
em
加在名词等前构成动词
embed把……牢牢地嵌入；embody体现
friendship友情；leadership领导；ownership全部制
(t)ion
……的行为/动作
action行为；collection收集；creation制造
ure
……的行动/结果
departure启程；failure失败；pressure压力
sion
……的行为/结果
conclusion结论；possession拥有；impression印象
形容词
able
能……的，
供应……的
acceptable令人满足的；comfortable舒适的；valuable有价值的
al
属于……的，
具有……特性的
physical身体的；national国家的；political政治的
an
……的
American美国的；Italian意大利的；Australian澳大利亚的
il
illegal非法的；illiterate文盲的
im
impossible不行能的；impolite不礼貌的；imbalance不平衡
ir
irregular不规章的；irresponsible无责任感的
un
unfit不适合的；unfair不公正的；unknown不出名的
non
nonsmoker不抽烟的人；non existence不存在
post
后，次
post war战后的；postgraduate争辩生
pre
前，在前，预先
prehistory史前时期；pre war战前的；preview预习
re
回复，反对，隐秘，反复
react反应；resist抵制；remote偏僻的；retell复述
super
上(方)，超，过分
supermarket超市；superheated过热的
fy
变成，使……化
beautify美化；satisfy使满足；simplify简化
ize/ise
使成……状态
apologize(se)赔礼；organize(se)组织；realize(se)实现
副词
ly
以……方式
really真正地；perfectly完善地；suddenly突然地
down
……向下地
facedown面朝下地；palm down手心朝下地
ward(s)
(表示方向)向……地
forward向前；outwards向外；eastward向东
数词
teen
十几
fourteen十四；fifteen十五；sixteen十六
ty
几十
forty四十；fifty五十；sixty六十
th
第几
fourth第四；fifth第五；sixth第六
二、转化
把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。