吉林省东北师范大学附属中学2015届高三上学期第一次摸底考试化学试题及答案
吉林省东北师范大学附属中学2015届高三上学期第一次摸底考试物理试题

吉林省东北师范大学附属中学2015届高三上学期第一次摸底考试物理试题3.A 、B 两辆汽车在平直公路上朝同一方向运动,如图所示为两车运动的v -t 图象,下面对阴影部分的说法正确的是A .若两车从同一点出发,它表示两车相遇前的最大距离B .若两车从同一点出发,它表示两车相遇前的最小距离C .若两车从同一点出发,它表示两车相遇时离出发的距离D .表示两车出发时相隔的距离4.测速仪安装有超声波发射和接收装置,如图所示,图中B 为测速仪,A 为汽车,两者相距335 m ,当B 向A 发出超声波的同时,A 由静止开始做匀加速直线运动.当B 接收到反射回的超声波信号时,A 、B 相距355 m ,已知超声波在空气中传播的速度为340 m/s ,则汽车的加速度大小为A .20 m/s 2B .10 m/s 2C .5 m/s 2D .无法确定5.如图所示,O 是等边三角形ABC 的中心,D 是三角形中的任意一点,如果作矢量DA 、DB 、DC 分别表示三个力,三个力的方向如图中箭头所示,则这三个力的合力大小用DO 的长度表示为 A .DO B .2DO C .3DOD .4DO6.如图甲所示,物体原静止在水平面上,用一水平力F 拉物体,在F 从0开始逐渐增大的过程中,物体先静止后又做变加速运动,其加速度a 随外力F 变化的图象如图乙所示,根据图乙中所标出的数据能计算出的有A .物体的质量B .物体与水平面间的滑动摩擦力C .在F 为10 N 时,物体的加速度大小D .在F 为14 N 时,物体的速度大小7.如图所示,水平传送带足够长,传送带始终顺时针匀速运动,长为1米的薄木板A 的正中央放置一个小木块B ,A 和B 之间的动摩擦因数为0.2,A 和传送带之间的动摩擦因数为0.5,薄木板的质量是木块质量的2倍,轻轻把AB 整体放置在传送带的中央,设传送带始终绷紧并处于水平状态,g 取10 m/s 2,在刚放上很短的时间内,A 、B 的加速度大小分别为A .6.5 m/s 2、2 m/s 2B .5 m/s 2、2 m/s 2C .5 m/s 2、5 m/s 2D .7.5 m/s 2、2 m/s 28.如图所示,轻质弹簧两端拴接质量均为m 的小球A 和B ,置于成直角的L 型木板PMN上,木板的上表面光滑。
吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期第二次摸底考试英语试题(含答案)

2024-2025学年上学期东北师大附中(英语)科试卷高三年级第二次摸底考试考试时长:120分钟试卷总分:150分注意事项:1. 答题前,考生须将自己的姓名、班级、考场/座位号填写在答题卡指定位置上,并粘贴条形码。
2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
3. 回答非选择题时,请使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔将答案写在答题卡各题目的答题区域内超出答题区域或在草稿纸、本试题卷上书写的答案无效。
4. 保持卡面清洁,不要折叠、不要弄皱、弄破,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第一部分听力(1-20小题)在笔试结束后进行。
第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题,每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AMINIBOSS & BIGBOSS SUMMER BUSINESS CAMPJoin us at our award-winning International Summer Business Camp!Together with students from all over the world, you will dive into experiencing life and culture. We’ve served over 9,000 students from 27 countries since 2000!LOCATIONThe camp is located 10 miles from Oxford, not far from London and Cambridge.ACCOMMODATIONSThe camp provides full board You will live in shared rooms in the boarding Thornton High School or Thornton College. Delicious English dishes are prepared by chefs.AGE GROUPSMinibo ss groups:9-11, 12-15Bigbo ss groups:15-18POWERFUL PROGRAMMES* Explore Yourself in BusinessThis course provides you with a broad introduction to business, human full potential and self- realization. It equips you with the skills to successfully launch and manage your own business. Most importantly, you will develop the mindset to become a more creative and innovative entrepreneur (企业家).* Academic ProgrammeInvolve yourself in the exciting business world through case studiesof world- famous companies. In addition to training, the camp has many recreational activities and sports, which alternate with business games and daily evening reflection. On this course, you will:●Identify how to unlock your full potential and manage your own potential;●Strengthen your problem- solving abilities;●Develop cooperation skills;●Examine h ow leading entrepreneurs achieve their goals;●Learn to think like an entrepreneur.1 What do we know about the campA. It has a history of 27 years.B. It is backed by Oxford and Cambridge.C. It is only targeted at teenagers.D. It is open to students of all nationalities.2. What can campers learn from the Explore Yourself in Business courseA. Teamwork spirit.B. Interpersonal skills.C. Creative thinking.D. Communication ability.3. What can the second programme doA. Combine education with pleasure.B. Teach campers to set goals.C. Offer jobs in world- famous companies.D. Train campers to thinklike adults.BIt was not until photographer Rita Nannini left New York that she grew fascinated by the city’s subways. While living in Manhattan for some 15 years in the 1980s and early 1990s, Nannini only commuted (通勤) on the one train-given the subway system’s bad reputation. But after relocating to New Jersey for several years where subway is not an option, Nannini found that absence did make the heart grow fonder — maybe even for pizza rats. During her visit back to New York, Nannini nodded, noticing improvements in the subway’s facilities.While Nannini was waiting for a train, a bench on the platform opposite caught her attention due to the ever changing faces and characters. They were people of different accents, colors and beliefs. They were from all walks of life, a diverse mix of New Yorkers all there for their own different reasons. Having learned the teenagers’ popular “End of the Line” challenge — boarding trains at random and riding them until their final destination; Nannini decided to visit every first and last stop across the NY subway’s lines with her beloved camera.Nannini’s “End of the Line” experience saw her traveling some 665 miles across 26 routes in New York city. She took over 8,000 photosof the final stations, as well as the communities they served. In many cases, she rode the routes two or three times over to ensure she got “the shot”. “The project really shows me how important the s ubway is, and how sustainable it makes our lives,” she said“It’s often said that my photos show the end of the lines — the last stops,” she said. “But theend of the line is indeed the start for so many people. That made me think about who the people and the communities that live at the two ends are and what it is that the subway means to them.”Nannini was proud of her set of images directly challenging the traditions of story telling, which echoed both the boredom and excitement of travel on tracks.Nannini enjoyed taking her time, starting her challenge in 2013 and only shooting the final photos last year. Her first monograph on the terminal stops of the NY subway was released in April 2023. “When you drive in the suburbs, you don’t have those encounters,” she continued. “People enter your life on the subway. That’s what strikes me most on my jouney on tracks.”4. How did Nannini find the New York subway during her revisitA. It tumed out fine.B. It was depressing.C. It still held the same bad reputation.D. It would be her only commuting option.5. What is paragraph 2 mainly aboutA. The diversity of New Yorkers’ daily life.B. The inspiration for Nannini’s subway shots.C. The popularity of “End of the Line” challenge.D. The challenges of Nannini’s job as a photographer.6. What can we infer from Nannini’s “End of the Line” experienceA. Her way of telling stories is traditional.B. She expressed sympathy for the subway riders.C. Her photography is highly expected by the encounters.D. She found life on tracks was more interesting than life on wheels.7. Which of the following is the best title for the textA. “End of the Line” Challenge: A New Trend in NY SubwaysB. The Road Home: Rita Nannini’s Record of her Subway RideC. Last Stop to New Start: A Ph otographer’s Rediscovery of NY SubwaysD. New Yorkers’ Routine: A Surprising Mixture of Boredom andExcitementCBANGKOK - The world is “failing” on a commitment to stop and reverse (彻底改变) deforestation by 2030, with global losses increasing last year, a group of NGOs and researchers warnedTuesday.In 2021, leaders from over 100 countries and territories -representing the vast majority of the world’s forests-promised to stop and reverse forest loss by 2030. But an annual assessment released Tuesday found global deforestation actually increased by four percent last year, and the world remains well off track to meet the 2030 commitment. “That 2030 goal is not just nice to have, it’s essential for maintaining a livable climate for humanity,” warned Erin Matson, a lead author of the Forest Declaration Assessment. Forests are not only key habitats for animal life but serve as important regulators of the global climate and carbon sponges that take in the emissions human activity generates. However, deforestation last year was over 20 percent higher than it should have been to meet the leaders’ commitment, with 6.6 million hectares of forest lost, much of it primary forest in tropical regions. “Data year over year does tend to shift. So one year is not the be-all, end-all,” said Matson. “But what is really important is the trend. And since the baseline of 2018 to 2020, we’re going in the wrong direction.”The assessment was not universally depressing, with about 50 countries considered on course to end deforestation. In particular, Brazil, Indonesia and Malaysia saw “dramatic reductions” in forestloss. Those gains are at risk however, the report warns. In Brazil, for instance, while there has been renewed interest in protecting the Amazon, another key ecosystem - the Cerrado savannah - has instead become a target.The report praised new rules introduced by the European Union intended to block the imports of commodities(商品) that drive deforestation. But it called for stronger global action, including more money to conserve forests, and the end of subsidies to sectors like agriculture that drive deforestation.“The world is failing forests with disastrous consequences on a global scale,” said Fran Price, WWF’s global forest lead. “Since the global commitment was made, an area of tropical forest the size of Denmark has been lost. We want to see nature and forest high on the agenda!”8. What does the assessment indicateA. Tough policies should be introduced.B. Deforestation is intensifying.C. Commitment should be taken seriously.D. Global warming is worsening.9. How do you understand the underlined sentence by MatsonA. It is normal that data changes sharply.B. The assessment is far from accurate.C. Emphasis should be put on the trend.D. To have a clear goal in place matters.10. What are paragraphs 5 and 6 meant to tell usA. The widespread damage to forests.B. Proper measures yet-to-be-taken.C. The ban on nature-related products.D. Some bright sides of the situation.11. What did Price want to conveyA. Forest conservation is a priority.B. Forest restoration is a long-term project.C. Forest destruction is just regional.D. Forest assessment should be globalized.DContrary to the commonly-held view, the brain does not have the ability to rewire itself to make up for the loss of sight, or a stroke, for example, say scientists from the University of Cambridge and Johns Hopkins University.Writing in eLife, Professors Tamar Makin (Cambridge)and John Krakauer (Johns Hopkins) argue that the belief that the brain, in response to injury or deficit, can reorganise itself and repurpose particular regions for new functions, is fundamentally incorrect-despite being commonly cited in scientific textbooks.Instead, they argue that what is occurring is merely the brain being trained to use already existing but possible abilities.In their article, Makin and Krakauer look at ten pioneering studies that aim to show the brain’s ability to reorganise. They argue, however, that while the studies do indeed show the brain’s ability to adapt to change, it is not creating new functions in previously unrelated areas—instead it’s using possible capacities that have been present since birth.Examining other studies, Makin and Krakauer found no convincing evidence that the visual cortex (大脑皮层) of individuals that were born blind or the uninjured cortex of stroke survivors ever developed a novel functional ability that did not otherwise exist. Understanding the true nature and limits of brain plasticity (可塑性) is crucial, both for setting realistic expectations for patients and for guiding clinical practitioners (从业人员) in their reconstructive approaches, they argue. Makin added: “This learning process is a proof of the brain’s remarkable—but limited—capacity for plasticity. There are no shortcuts or fast tracks in this journey. The idea of quickly unlocking hidden brain potentials or tapping into vast unused reserves is more wishful thinking than reality. It’s a slow, gradual journey, demanding persistent effort and practice. Recognising this helps us appreciate the hard work behind everystory of recovery and adapt our strategies accordingly.”“So many times, the brain’s ability to rewire has been described as ‘miraculous’—but we’re scientists, we don’t believe in magic. These amazing behaviours that we see are rooted in hard work, repetition and training, not the magical reassignment of the brain’s resources.” They said.12. What is a common misunderstanding of the brain’s functionA. The brain can be trained.B. The brain can compensate-blindness.C. The brain can rewire itself.D. The brain can react to sudden diseases.13. Why are the related studies mentioned in the textA. To tell the limits of brain plasticity.B. To analyze the structure of the brain.C. To find productive research methods.D. To explore the new functions of the brain.14. What is Paragraph 5 mainly aboutA. The realistic expectations for patients.B. Supporting evidence for the research results.C. Further explanations of the medical strategies.D. The medical significance of the new finding.15. What will Makin and Krakauer suggest people doA. Make the impossible possible.B. Reassign the brain’s resourcesflexibly.C. Try to develop the brain’s possible ability.D. Use the magic to accomplish difficult tasks.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
吉林省东北师范大学附属中学2025届化学高三上期末复习检测试题含解析

吉林省东北师范大学附属中学2025届化学高三上期末复习检测试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题(共包括22个小题。
每小题均只有一个符合题意的选项)1、镍粉在CO中低温加热,生成无色挥发性液态Ni(CO)4,呈四面体构型。
150℃时,Ni(CO)4分解为Ni和CO。
则下列可作为溶解Ni(CO)4的溶剂是()A.水B.四氯化碳C.盐酸D.硫酸镍溶液2、萜类化合物广泛存在于动植物体内,关于下列萜类化合物的说法正确的是A.a和b都属于芳香烃B.a和c分子中所有碳原子均处于同一平面上C.在一定条件a、b和c均能与氢气发生加成反应D.b和c均能与新制Cu(OH)2悬浊液反应生成砖红色沉淀3、第三周期元素X、Y、Z、W的最高价氧化物分别溶于水得溶液,0.010mol/L的这四种溶液pH与该元素原子半径的关系如图所示。
下列说法正确的是()A.Y可能是硅元素B.简单离子半径:Z>W>XC.气态氢化物的稳定性:Y>WD.非金属性:Y>Z4、某兴趣小组查阅资料得知:碘化钠是白色晶体无嗅,味咸而微苦,在空气和水溶液中逐渐析出碘而变黄或棕色。
工业上用NaOH溶液、水合肼制取碘化钠固体,其制备流程图如下,有关说法不正确的是()已知:N2H4·H2O在100℃以上分解。
A.已知在合成过程的反应产物中含有NaIO3,若合成过程中消耗了3mol I2,最多能生成NaIO3的物质的量为1 mol B.上述还原过程中主要的离子方程式为2IO3-+3N2H4·H2O=2I-+3N2+9H2OC.为了加快反应速率,上述还原反应最好在高温条件下进行D.工业上也可以用硫化钠或铁屑还原碘酸钠制备碘化钠,但水合肼还原法制得的产品纯度更高,因产物是N2和H2O,没有其他副产物,不会引入杂质5、SO2能使溴水褪色,说明SO2具有()A.还原性B.漂白性C.酸性D.氧化性6、10 mL浓度为1 mol·L-1的盐酸与过量的锌粉反应,若加入适量的下列溶液,能加快反应速率但又不影响氢气生成量的是A.K2SO4B.CH3COONa C.CuSO4D.Na2CO37、同素异形体指的是同种元素形成的不同结构的单质,它描述的对象是单质。
东北师范大学附属中学等六校2025届化学高三第一学期期末考试模拟试题含解析

东北师范大学附属中学等六校2025届化学高三第一学期期末考试模拟试题注意事项1.考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.2.答题前,请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置. 3.请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符.4.作答选择题,必须用2B 铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑;如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案.作答非选择题,必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答,在其他位置作答一律无效. 5.如需作图,须用2B 铅笔绘、写清楚,线条、符号等须加黑、加粗.一、选择题(每题只有一个选项符合题意)1、相对分子质量约为4000的聚乙二醇具有良好的水溶性,是一种缓泻剂。
聚乙二醇可由环氧乙烷在酸性条件下聚合而成()。
下列说法正确的是A .环氧乙烷在酸性条件下发生加聚反应制得聚乙二醇B .聚乙二醇的结构简式为C .相对分子质量约为4000的聚乙二醇的聚合度n ≈67D .聚乙二醇能保持肠道水分的原因是其可和H 2O 分子间形成氢键2、在pH=1的含有Mg 2+、Fe 2+、Al 3+三种阳离子的溶液中,可能存在的阴离子是( ) ①Cl - ②NO 3—③SO 42—④S 2- A .①②B .②③C .③④D .①③3、以下说法不正确的是A .日韩贸易争端中日本限制出口韩国的高纯度氟化氢,主要用于半导体硅表面的刻蚀B .硫酸亚铁可用作治疗缺铁性贫血的药剂,与维生素C 片一起服用,效果更佳 C .硫酸铜可用作农药,我国古代也用胆矾制取硫酸D .使生物质在一定条件下发生化学反应,产生热值较高的可燃气体。
该过程属于生物化学转换 4、标准状况下,下列实验用如图所示装置不能完成的是 ( )A .测定一定质量的2Na O 和22Na O 混合物中22Na O 的含量B .确定分子式为26C H O 的有机物分子中含活泼氢原子的个数 C .测定一定质量的242Na SO H O x ・晶体中结晶水数目D .比较Fe 3+和Cu 2+对一定质量的双氧水分解反应的催化效率 5、下列关于有机化合物的说法正确的是 A .乙醇的水溶液俗称酒精B .由苯与氯气在一定条件下生成C 6H 6Cl 6的反应属于取代反应 C .化学式为C 4H 10O 的饱和一元醇有4种D .糖类发生水解反应的最终产物都是葡萄糖 6、下列实验设计能完成或实验结论合理的是A .证明一瓶红棕色气体是溴蒸气还是二氧化氮,可用湿润的碘化钾-淀粉试纸检验,观察试纸颜色的变化B .铝热剂溶于足量稀盐酸再滴加KSCN 溶液,未出现血红色,铝热剂中一定不含Fe 2O 3C .测氯水的pH ,可用玻璃棒蘸取氯水点在pH 试纸上,待其变色后和标准比色卡比较D .检验Cu 2+和Fe 3+离子,采用径向纸层析法,待离子在滤纸上展开后,用浓氨水熏, 可以检验出Cu 2+7、热催化合成氨面临的两难问题是:采用高温增大反应速率的同时会因平衡限制导致NH 3产率降低。
吉林省东北师范大学附属中学2015届高三上学期第一次摸底考试数学(文)试题及答案

(3)函数()f x =的定义域为(A )[2,2]- (B )(0,2] (C )(0,1)(1,2) (D )(0,1)(1,2] (4)下列命题中,真命题是(A ),20x x R ∀∈> (B )1,lg 0x x ∃><(C )1,()02x x R ∃∈< (D )x R ∀∈,110log 0x <(5)已知幂函数()y f x =的图像过点(2,8),则5log (5)f 的值为(A )3(B )5 (C )2(D )8(6)设0.30.212455(),(),log 544a b c ===,则a b c 、、的大小关系是 (A )b a c >> (B )a b c >> (C )c b a >> (D )b c a >> (7)函数)(x f 的导函数)(x f '图象如图所示,则下列说法正确的是 (A ))(x f 在区间),(1x -∞上递增(B ))(x f 在区间),(21x x 上递减 (C )13x x 、是)(x f 的两个极小值点 (D )方程0)(=x f 有三个根(8)若函数321y x x mx =+++是R 上的单调函数,则实数m 的取值范围是(A )1(,)3+∞ (B )1(,]3-∞ (C )1[,)3+∞ (D )1(,)3-∞(9)已知函数2cos ,11()21,||1xx f x x x π⎧-≤≤⎪=⎨⎪->⎩,则关于x 的方程2()3()20f x f x -+=的实根的个数是(A )无数个 (B )2 (C )3 (D )5 (10)函数21()ln ,[,2]2f x x x x x =--∈,若在定义域内存在0x ,使得0)(0≤-m x f 成立,则实数m 的最小值是(A )2ln 2- (B )0 (C )2ln 41+- (D )2(11)设函数()f x 的导函数为()f x ',若对任意x R ∈,都有()()f x f x '>成立,则(A )3(ln 2)2(ln 3)f f > (B )3(ln 2)2(ln 3)f f = (C )3(ln 2)2(ln 3)f f < (D )3(ln 2)f 与2(ln 3)f 的大小不确定 (12)定义:我们把关于x 的不等式||x A B -<的解集叫A 的B 邻域.已知“2a b +-”的“a b +”邻域为区间(2,8)-,其中a 、b 分别为椭圆22221x y a b+=的长半轴长和短半轴长.若此椭圆的一个焦点与抛物线2y =的焦点重合,则此椭圆的方程为(A )22183x y += (B )22194x y += (C )22198x y += (D )221169x y +=第Ⅱ卷二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共计20分) (13)抛物线22y x =-的焦点到准线的距离为_______________.(14)函数()83sin f x x x =-+,若(23)()0f a f a -+>,则实数a 的取值范围是__________.(15)已知函数()f x 满足:1(1)4f =,4()()()()()f x f y f x y f x y x y R =++-∈、,则(2014)f =______________.(16)对于函数x x x f +=ln )(,若存在区间[],a b ,当[],x a b ∈时,函数()f x 的值域为[],(0)ka kb k >,则实数k 的取值范围是_______________.三、解答题(解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤) (17)(本题满分10分)已知函数a x x x f --=2)(2(a R ∈).(Ⅰ)当0=a 时,画出函数)(x f 的简图,并指出)(x f 的单调递减区间; (Ⅱ)若函数)(x f 有4个零点,求a 的取值范围.(18)(本题满分12分)已知直线1l 为曲线3()2f x x x =+-在点(1,0)处的切线,直线2l 为该曲线的另一条切线,且2l 的斜率为1.(Ⅰ)求直线1l 、2l 的方程;(Ⅱ)求由直线1l 、2l 和x 轴所围成的三角形的面积.(19)(本题满分12分)某旅游景点经营者欲增加景点服务设施以提高旅游增加值.经过调研发现,在控制投入成本的前提下,旅游增加值y (万元)与投入成本x (万元)之间满足: 251ln ln10(10100)50y ax x x x =-+-+≤≤,其中实数a 为常数,且当投入成本为10万元时,旅游增加值为9.2万元. (Ⅰ)求实数a 的值;(Ⅱ)当投入成本为多少万元时,旅游增加值y 取得最大值.(20)(本题满分12分)已知函数32()9(0)f x ax bx x a =+-≠,当1x =-时()f x 取得极值5. (Ⅰ)求()f x 的极小值;(Ⅱ)对任意12,x x )3,3(-∈,判断不等式32|)()(|21<-x f x f 是否能恒成立,并说明理由.(21)(本小题满分12分)已知椭圆C 的中心在坐标原点,焦点在x 轴上,其离心率e =,短轴长为4. (Ⅰ)求椭圆C 的标准方程;(Ⅱ)已知直线:()l y x m m R =+∈和椭圆C 相交于A B 、两点,点(1,1)Q ,是否存在实数m ,使ABQ ∆的面积S 最大?若存在,求出m 的值;若不存在,说明理由.(22)(本小题满分12分)已知函数0,)(≠=a eaxx f x . (Ⅰ)求函数)(x f 的单调区间;(Ⅱ)当1=a 时,已知21x x <,且)()(21x f x f =,求证:)2()(21x f x f ->.(Ⅱ)由0)(=x f ,得a x x =-22,∴曲线x x y 22-=与直线a y =有4个不同交点,∴根据(Ⅰ)中图像得01<<-a ……………10分(18)(本题满分12分)解:(Ⅰ)2()31f x x '=+ ………1分∴直线1l 的斜率为1(1)4k f '==∴直线1l 的方程为4(1)y x =-,即 440x y --= 4 分设直线2l 与曲线)(x f 相切于点00(,)P x y , 5 分则直线2l 的斜率为2200()311k f x x '==+=0000,()2x y f x ∴===-,(0,2)P ∴-∴直线2l 的方程为2y x +=,即 20x y --=故所求直线1l 、2l 的方程分别为440x y --=,20x y --=. 8 分(Ⅱ)由44020x y x y --=⎧⎨--=⎩,解得2343x y ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩∴直线1l 、2l 的交点坐标为24(,)33-又,直线1l 、2l 和x 轴的交点分别为(1,0)和(2,0) 10 分 所以,所求三角形的面积为142|21|||233S =⨯-⨯-= 12 分(20)(本题满分12分)解:(Ⅰ)2()329f x ax bx '=+- ……………1分由题意可得:(1)3290(1)95f a b f a b '-=--=⎧⎨-=-++=⎩,解得:1,3a b ==- (3)分因此,x x x x f 93)(23--=,)3)(1(3)(-+='x x x f当 ),3()1,(+∞--∞∈ x 时,'()0f x >,当)3,1(-∈x 时,'()0f x <, 所以函数单调增区间为)1,(--∞,),3(+∞,单调减区间为)3,1(-当3x =时,()f x 取得极小值为27-. (7)分 (Ⅱ)能恒成立 ……………8分由(Ⅰ)知()f x 在)1,3(--上递增,在)3,1(-上递减,所以,)3,3(-∈x 时,5)1()(=-≤f x f ,27)3()(-=±>f x f ……………10分所以,对任意12,x x )3,3(-∈,恒有 32|)27(5||)()(|21=--<-x f x f . (12)分(21)(本小题满分12分)解:(Ⅰ)由题意可设椭圆C 的方程为22221(0)x y a b a b+=>>,又c e a ==,24b =,222a b c =+,解得32a b ==,. 故椭圆C的方程为22194x y +=.……………2分 (Ⅱ)设直线m x y l +=:()m R ∈和椭圆C 相交于()11,y x A 、()22,y x B 两点.联立方程得,22194,,y x m x y =+⎧⎪⎨+=⎪⎩消去y 得,2213189360x mx m ++-=.()2232441394m m ∆=-⨯⨯-()2144130m =->.()且121813m x x +=-,21293613m x x -=. (5)分所以||AB ===.……………7分点()1,1Q 到mx y l +=:的距离为2m.……………8分所以,12S =613⨯226133132m m -+≤⨯=.当且仅当2213m m -=,即m =S 取得最大值3.……11分即:存在实数m ,使ABQ ∆的面积S 最大,此时m 的值为. .……………12分。
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2.下列变化属于氧化还原反应的是 A.馒头在咀嚼过程中产生甜味 B.三氯化铁溶液长期放置产生红褐色固体 C.蛋白质溶液中加入饱和硫酸铵溶液,析出沉淀 D.植物油长期放置发生“酸败产生刺激性气味”
3.传统的自来水消毒常采用漂白粉等强氧化剂,但其产生的有机氯对人体有一定的危害。一种新型的消毒剂——高铁酸盐(如Na2FeO4或K2FeO4)能有效地杀灭水中的细菌和病毒,同时其产物在水中经过变化后能除去水中的微细悬浮物。在以上变化过程中不可能...
涉及的变化有
A.电离 B.水解 C.置换反应 D.氧化还原反应 4.设NA为阿伏伽德罗常数的数值,下列说法正确的是 A.标准状况下,22.4L盐酸含有NA个HCl分子 B.1L0.1mol·L-1的氨水中含有0.1NA个NH4+ C.1molNa被完全氧化生成Na2O2,失去2NA个电子 D.常温常压下,8gO2含有4NA个电子 5.下列关于同温同压下的两种气体12C18O和14N2的判断正确的是 A.体积相等时,密度相等 B.原子数相等时,具有的中子数相等 C.体积相等时,具有的电子数相等 D.质量相等时,具有的质子数相等 6.过氧化钾与水的反应类似于过氧化钠与水的反应,其化学方程式为: 2K2O2+2H2O4KOH+O2↑
当0.5molK218O2与足量H2O完全反应后,下表对生成物O2的叙述中错误的是 K218O2的质量 O2的叙述 A 57g O2的质量是9g
B 57g 生成标准状况下O2的体积为5.6L
C 57g O2的摩尔质量是32g·mol-1
D 57g 生成0.25mol O2
7.下列分子或离子在指定的分散系中能大量共存的一组是 A.硅酸胶体:OH-、K+、S2-、Na+ B.空气:C2H4、CO、SO2、NO C.银氨溶液:Na+、K+、NO3-、NH3·H2O D.高锰酸钾溶液:H+、Na+、SO42-、Fe2+ 8.下列反应的离子方程式正确的是 A.向AlCl3溶液中加入过量的浓氨水:Al3++4NH3·H2OA1O2一 + 4NH4++2H2O
B.少量金属钠加到冷水中:Na+2H2ONa++OH-+H2↑
C.酸性条件下,KIO3溶液与KI溶液反应:IO3-+5I-+3H2O3I2+6OH- D.浓盐酸与铁屑反应:Fe+2H+Fe2++H2↑
9.下列除去杂质所用的试剂和方法错误的是 A.除去Na2CO3 固体中混有的少量的NaHCO3:置于坩埚中加热 B.除去FeCl2溶液中的FeCl3:加入铁粉 C.除去氢氧化铁胶体中所含的盐酸:过滤 D.除去CO2中混有的少量的HCl:通过饱和的NaHCO3溶液中洗气 10.金属镁汽车剧烈碰撞时,安全气囊中发生反应10NaN3+2KNO3K2O+5Na2O+16N2↑。
若氧化产物比还原产物多7mol,则下列判断正确的是 A.生成224LN2(标准状况) B.有1molKNO3被氧化 C.转移电子的物质的量为10mol D.被氧化的N原子的物质的量为15mol 11.已知下列反应:Co2O3 + 6HCl(浓) 2CoCl2 + Cl2↑+ 3H2O (I) 5Cl2 + I2 + 6H2O 10HCl + 2HIO3 (II) 下列说法正确的是 A.反应I中HCl是氧化剂 B.反应II 中Cl2发生氧化反应 C.还原性:CoCl2 >HCl > I2 D.氧化性:Co2O3 > Cl2 >HIO3 12.稀土是工业味精,邓小平说过“中东有石油,我们有稀土”。稀土元素铈(Ce)主要存在于独居石中,金属铈在空气中易氧化变暗,受热时燃烧,遇水很快反应。已知:铈常见的化合价为+3和+4,氧化性:Ce4+>Fe3+。下列说法正确的是 A.电解熔融CeO2制Ce,铈在阳极获得
B.铈有四种稳定的核素13658Ce、13858Ce、14058Ce、14258Ce,它们互为同素异形体 C.用Ce(SO4)2溶液滴定硫酸亚铁溶液,其离子方程式为:Ce4++Fe2+=Ce3++Fe3+ D.铈溶于氢碘酸的化学方程式可表示为:Ce+4HI=CeI4+2H2↑
13.下列物质转化在给定条件下能实现的是
①Al2O3NaAlO2(aq)Al(OH)3 ②SSO3H2SO4
③饱和NaCl(aq)NaHCO3Na2CO3 ④Fe2O3FeCl3(aq)无水FeCl3 ⑤MgCl2(aq)Mg(OH)2MgO A. ①④⑤ B.①③⑤ C.②③④ D.②④⑤ 14.甲、乙、丙、丁四种物质中,甲、乙、丙均含有相同的某种元素,它们之间具有如下转化关系:
下列有关物质的推断不正确的是 A.若甲为AlCl3溶液,则丁可能是NaOH溶液 B.若甲为N2,则丁可能是O2 C.若甲为Fe,则丁可能是稀硝酸 D.若甲为NaOH溶液,则丁可能是CO2
15.粗食盐的杂质主要是MgCl2,为了除去杂质,工业上常把粗盐粉碎后用饱和食盐水浸洗,
再过滤出食盐。对此,下面的评论正确的是 A.浸洗前后,被浸洗的食盐中MgCl2的含量基本不变 B.用来浸洗的饱和食盐水在浸洗前后没有变化 C.浸洗用过的饱和食盐水可以无限次地使用下去 D.粉碎颗粒的大小影响浸洗后盐中MgCl2的含量 16.称取Na2CO3、NaHCO3固体各2g,分别加入两只大试管中,再各加10mL蒸馏水,充
分 溶解后各滴入2滴酚酞溶液,观察到下图所示现象。下列说法中正确的是 A.试管a溶解过程中温度下降 B.试管b中放入的是NaHCO3固体 C.两试管中水的离子积常数:a<b D.对比液体颜色可知常温下水解程度:CO32->HCO3- 17.将浓硫酸加入到盛有蔗糖的烧杯中,观察到下图所示现象,下列说法中不正确的是
A.②中现象说明浓硫酸具有很强的脱水性 B.③中现象说明浓硫酸具有很强的酸性 C.③中生成刺激性气味气体说明浓硫酸具有很强的氧化性 D.③中产生的气体通入品红溶液,可以观察到红色褪去 18.实验条件的控制是化学实验最为重要的方法之一,以下实验过程中实验条件控制中不合理的是 A.铁粉与水蒸气反应过程中应先加热制备水蒸气,再加热铁粉 B.侯氏制碱法中向饱和食盐水中应先通入足量NH3,再通入CO2 C.向包有Na2O2的脱脂棉花上滴水以观察到“生火”现象,滴的水应该尽量多 D.Fe(OH)3胶体制备实验中向沸水滴入FeCl3溶液应是饱和溶液,并且滴入的用量仅为几滴 19.雾霾严重影响人们的生活与健康。某地区的雾霾中可能含有如下可溶性无机离子:Na+、NH4+、Mg2+、Al3+、SO42-、NO3-、Cl- 。某同学收集了该地区的雾霾,经必要的预处理后得试样溶液, 设计并完成了如下的实验: 已知:3NO3- + 8Al + 5OH- + 2H2O3NH3 + 8AlO2- 根据以上的实验操作与现象,该同学得出的结论不正确...的是 A.试样中肯定存在NH4+、Mg2+、SO42-和NO3- B.试样中一定不含Al3+ C.试样中可能存在Na+、Cl- D.该雾霾中可能存在NaNO3 、NH4Cl和MgSO4 20.下列实验方案中,不能..测定Na2CO3和NaHCO3,混合物中Na2CO3质量分数的是
A.取a克混合物充分加热,剩余b克固体 B.取a克混合物与足量稀盐酸充分反应,加热、蒸干、灼烧,得b克固体 C.取a克混合物与足量稀硫酸充分反应,逸出气体用碱石灰直接吸收,增重b克 D.取a克混合物与足量Ba(OH)2溶液充分反应,过滤、洗涤、烘干,得b克固体。 二、选择题(每小题只有1个正确答案。每小题3分,5小题,共15分) 21.下列反应的离子方程式正确的是 A.碳酸氢钙溶液加到醋酸中:Ca(HCO3)2+2CH3COOHCa2++2CH3COO-+2CO2↑+2H2O B.向AgNO3溶液中滴加过量氨水:Ag++ NH3·H2OAgOH↓+NH4+
C.用惰性电极电解饱和氯化钠溶液:2Cl-+2H+H2↑+Cl2↑
D.Na2SO3溶液使酸性KMnO4溶液褪色:5SO32-+6H++2MnO4-5SO42-+2Mn2++3H2O 22.在复杂的体系中,确认化学反应先后顺序有利于解决问题,下列化学反应先后顺序判断正确的是 A.在含AlO2-、SO32-、OH-的溶液中逐滴加入硫酸氢钠溶液:OH-、AlO2-、SO3
2-
B.含等物质的量的FeBr2、FeI2的溶液中,缓慢通入氯气:I-、Br-、Fe2+ C.含等物质的量的Ba(OH)2、KOH的溶液中,缓慢通入CO2:KOH、Ba(OH)2、K2CO3、BaCO3 D.在含Fe3+、H+、NH4+的溶液中逐渐加入烧碱溶液:H+、NH4+、Fe3+ 23.把500mLNH4HCO3和Na2CO3的混合溶液分成五等份,取一份加入含a mol氢氧化钠
的溶 液恰好反应完全,另取一份加入含b mol HCl的盐酸恰好充分反应完全,则该混合溶液中c(Na+) 为 A. B.
C. D. 24. 将一定量的镁和铜组成的混合物加入到稀硝酸中,金属完全溶解(假设反应中还原产物只有NO)。向反应后的溶液中加入3 mol/L NaOH溶液至沉淀完全,测得生成沉淀的质量比原合金的质量增加5.1 g。下列叙述不正确的是 A.当生成的沉淀量达到最大时,消耗NaOH溶液的体积V≥100 mL B.当金属全部溶解时收集到NO气体的体积一定为2.24 L C.参加反应的金属的总质量3.6 g<m<9.6 g D.当金属全部溶解时,参加反应的硝酸的物质的量一定是0.4 mol 25. 8.34gFeSO4·7H2O样品受热脱水过程的热重曲线(样品质量随温度变化的曲线)如下图所示,下列有关说法正确的是 A.温度为78℃时固体物质M的化学式为FeSO4·5H2O B.温度为l59℃时固体物质N的化学式为FeSO4·3H2O C.在隔绝空气条件下,N得到P的化学方程式为
FeSO4 FeO+SO3↑
D.取适量380℃时所得的样品P,隔绝空气加热至 650℃,得到一种固体物质Q,同时有两种无色气体生成,Q的化学式为Fe2O3 第Ⅱ卷 非选择题(共45分)
三、填空题 26. 氧化还原反应中实际上包含氧化和还原两个过程。下面是一个还原过程的反应式: NO3-+4H++3e-→NO↑+2H2O KMnO4、Na2CO3、FeO、Fe2(SO4)3四种物质中的一种物质(甲)能使上述还原过程发生。 (1)写出并配平该氧化还原反应的离子方程式: (2)若有0.3mol甲参加反应,标准状况下可生成NO L。
27.电镀厂镀铜废水中含有CN-和Cr2O72- 离子,需要处理达标后才能排放。该厂拟定下列流程进行废水处理,回答下列问题: