新世纪大学英语第三版英语翻译
Unit 1
1.3000多辆汽车因刹车问题昨日被召回（because of ；recall）
More than 3000 cars were recalled yesterday because of a brake problem.
2. 他尽管病得很重，但还是来参加会议了。（despite）
He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.
3. 要确保同样得错误今后不再发生了。（see it that）
See to it that the same mistakes won't happen again.
4. 现在他们之间的了解多了一些，他们相处得就好些了。（now that）
Now that they've got to know more about each other， they get along better.
5. 此时我发现自己被五六个男孩子围住了。（find oneself）
Then I found myself surrounded by half a dozen boys.
6. 在这幸福的时刻，我向你致以最美好的祝愿。（on occasion）
I send you my best wishes on this happy occasion.
Unit 3
1.很多事情导致了我与那家公司断绝关系。(contribute to)
A lot of things contributed to the end of my relationship with that company.
2. 面对严峻的疾病，她表现出了巨大的勇气。（in the face of）
She showed great courage in the face of serious illness.
3. 我们得出结论，她讲的是真话。（come to）
We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth.
4.他的秘书没有告诉他那次会议的情况。（fail to）
.His secretary failed to tell him about the meeting.
5. 学习语言不仅仅是记单词的问题。（a matter of）
Learning languages isn’t just a matter of memorizing words.
6. 她一旦决定了什么事，没有人能阻止她。（hold back）
Once she has made her decision no one can hold her back.
7. 他们说他们会努力学习，不辜负父母对他们的期望。(live up to)
They said they would study hard and live up to their parents’expectations.
8. 这位科学家称这一发现为这个领域中最令人高兴的新发展。（refer to …as…）
The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.
Unit 5
1.你会看到我现在说的会成为现实。(come true)
You will see that what I am saying now will come true.
2.当年轻人处于单身时，他们容易受到来自他人的压力。(be open to)
When young people remain single, they are open to pressure from other people.
3.失业问题与新技术的发展密切相关。(be tied up with)
The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology.
4.他的外貌变化那么大，你很可能认不出他了。
His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him.
5.导游说有些城堡的历史可以追溯到13世纪。(date back to)
The tour guide said that some castles date back to the 13th century.
6.她从来没有给他们做过任何事，而他们为她做了所有能做的事情。(whereas) She has never done anything for them, whereas they have done everything they can for her.
Unit 7
1.你只要把这首歌唱几遍，你的孩子就会记住歌词。（pick up）
If you sing the song several times ,your children will (begin to) pick up the words.
2.我们尽力使那位紧张的老人相信乘飞机是安全的。 (assure…that)
We tried to assure the nervous old man that flying/air travel was safe.
3.缺乏维生素A会导致夜盲。(inadequate, vitamin A )
An inadequate supply of vitamin A may lead to night blindness.
4.我会用计算机，但是一说到修理计算机，我就一无所知了。 (when it comes to)
I can use a computer but when it comes to computer repairing I know nothing about it.
5.很多母亲试图在他们的女儿身上实现她们的梦想。 (many a )
Many a mother tries to realize her dreams through her daughter.
6.恶劣的天气使人们不能去参加游行。 (discourage…from)
The bad weather discouraged people from attending the parade.
7.我给了他一些药丸以减轻他的痛苦。 (ease)
. I gave him some pills to ease his pain.
8.这份工作需要每年去国外三个月。 (involve)
The job involves traveling/working abroad three months each year.
Unit 8
1.我觉得我应该指出这是多么地危险。 (point out)
I feel I should point out how dangerous it is.
2.他的理论对身体如何运转以及如何受到药物的影响做了解释。（affect）
His theory explains how the body works and how it is affected by drugs / medicines.
3.当谈到现代艺术时，很少有人比汤姆知道得多。（when it comes to）
When it comes to modern art few people know more than Tom does.
4.有人问她时，她证实了她将要退休的消息。（confirm）
When asked, she confirmed that she was going to retire
5.咳嗽药不难吃，但对我没啥用。 (do sb. good)
The cough medicine tastes nice but it doesn’t do me much good.
6.假如我们不能卖出更多的货物，就必须降低产量。 (cut back on)
If we can’t sell more goods we’ll have to cut back on the production.
7.英国的煤炭业已经几乎消失。 (all but)
Britain’s coal industry has all but disappeared.
8.我向你保证我的故事是真的，以免有人觉得奇怪。（assure, lest）
I assure you that it is true lest anyone (should) think my story strange.
(完整版)新世纪大学英语视听说2[第三版]听力部分答案解析[全]
Unit 1 Activity 1 Nora Nelson: She lives in 2A Wes and Lydia: They live in 3B Two boys: They’re classmates Mrs. Hanson: She’s related to Nora. She lives in 3C A nosy person might be too interested in things that do not concern them, especially other people’s affairs Activity 2 2-- passport 1-- diary 3---yearbook 2. boyfriend 3. it’s personal 4. Europe, ship 5. sixties Activity 3 1. 13 2. To visit his grandparents. 3. Yes. He talked for a long time to a nice woman. 4. He had lots of fun with his grandparents and he saw lots of interesting places. In the end, he didn’t even want to go home. very nervous about traveling so far His grandparents their home two Activity 4 theme other paper keepsakes your photos and keepsakes 1. Scrapbooking is making beautiful books to hold special memories. 2. Old newspaper clippings, postcards, tickets, report cards, letters. 3. “School days”, “Family travel”, “Memories of my grandparents”, “and “Baby’s first year.” 4. You can use felt pens, paints, and stickers. 5. The “5Ws” of the photos: who, what, where, when, and why. Activity 5 1. Most high schools in the U.S. 2. Because they are graduating soon. 3. Yes. 4. At the end of the year. 5. It means a student with a good fashion sense.
新世纪大学英语系列教程第版综合教程答案
Unit Two Optimism and Positive Thinking Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ■ Working with Words and Expressions 1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: positive startled perspective harden shape address crises curse incredible 10) conversely 11) issue 12) response 13) prior 14) rare 15) accomplish 2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: get the hang of have lived through makes a difference have no idea concerned with slipped over ran into in reverse mull over ■ I ncreasing Your Word Power 1. D ecide whether “do ”, “make ”or “take ”is needed to complete each of the following sentences. Change the verb form where necessary. ■ A nswers: does make take do make Take done taken making ))))))))) ))))))))) ))))))))) 10) took
新世纪大学英语4课后答案
Text A compelled 迫使destruction 破坏eternal 永恒的output 产量retreat 撤退threaten 威胁transfer 转移Text B bare 赤裸consumed 耗尽have emerged 出现hollow 空心mass 大量miracle 奇迹pile 一堆scrape擦spark 火星thereby 由此tipped 顶端trigger 触发 1. If you had had a spark of consideration for your family ,you wouldn't have taken so many stupid risks. 如果你有为你的家人多一点考虑，你就不会有那么多愚蠢的风险。 2. Due to the lack of labor force, even women in this village were compelled to work in the coal mines. 由于缺乏劳动力这个村的妇女甚至被迫在煤矿工作。 3. We went through lovely countryside with great mountains, some of them beautiful and green and wooded, while others bare and wild. 我们穿过了美丽的农村巨大的群山，其中一些美丽的绿色和繁茂的，而其他人赤裸的和野生。 4. The cleaner took off his coat and began to scrape the ashes from the furnace with his bare hands. 清洁脱掉外套，开始擦去炉上的灰烬随着他的赤裸的双手。 5. People in that area are already threatened with environmental destruction since 60% of the forest there has been destroyed. 人们已经感受到环境破坏方面的威胁，因为有60％的森林已被破坏 6. The auto company has seen a huge increase in the output of private can this year due to the improved working efficiency. 汽车公司已经看到了今年由于提高了工作效率，私人产量大幅增加。 7. Under the severe attack from enemy aircraft, the troops were forced to retreat from front. 在敌机的严厉打击下，前面的部队被迫撤退。 8. When I came up to a giraffe lying on the grasses, I found that it had been killed with a spear tipped with poison. 当我来到一个长颈鹿躺在草，我发现它已经被带毒尖矛杀死。 9. He stayed eight days in an open boat with no food, and he was still alive; his survival was a(n) miracle. 他在无遮档的小船上呆了八天,又无食物,还活下来了,这真是个奇迹。 10. Survival of the Fittest is an eternal truth of nature. 适者生存是一个自然界的永恒的真理。 11. His hear sank when he saw the fresh pile of mails, memos and telephone messages on his desk. 他听到沉没时，他看到邮件的新的一堆，在他的书桌上的备忘录和电话留言。 12. The military government refused to transfer power to a democratically elected civilian government. 军事政府拒绝将权力移交给一个民选的文官政府. 13. In that area nearly six million people are affected by the drought and the civil war, and there is a real danger of mass starvation. 在那个地区近六百万人受到干旱和内战的影响，并有大规模饥荒的一个真正的危险。 14. Postal service personnel who are severely irresponsible purposely delay sending mail, thereby giving rise to great loss of public trust. 谁是严重不负责任的邮政服务人员故意延迟发送邮件，致使公共信任的巨大损失。 15. With the increase in the number of foreign funded enterprises, various kinds of financial disputes have emerged. 随着外资企业的增加，各类经济纠纷的出现。 16. The earthquake may trigger landslides that cause great damage and loss of life. 地震可能引发的山体滑坡造 成巨大的破坏和生命损失。 17. Deforesting and global warming threaten to ruin the current and future state of our environment. 毁林和全球变暖的威胁破坏我们的环境的当前和未来的态。 18. It was reported that almost 7 million liters consumed during the 16-day beer festival in Germany that year. 据报道，每年大约7000000 公升的啤酒节的16 天在德国消耗。 19. On a bitterly cold night, the only shelter he could find was the hollow trunk of a great tree. 在一个寒冷的夜晚，他能找到的唯一的栖身之处是空心的大树的树干。
新世纪大学英语第三册原文每段翻译U
新世纪大学英语第三册原文每段翻译U UNIT 6：Culture Shock |文化冲击| Kalervo Oberg We might almost call culture shock an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments it has its own cause, symptoms, and cure. 1 我们不妨把文化冲击称为突然置身国外的人们所得的职业病。和大部分疾病一样，这种病有其独特的起因、症状和疗法。 Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. These signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situations of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to give orders to servants, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues. 2 文化冲击是因为我们失去熟悉的社会交往标记和符号而产生的焦虑所促成。这些标志或暗示包括我们应付日常生活各种情境时使用的诸多方式方法：与人会面时何时握手、该说些什么；在什么时间、以什么方式付小费；如何吩咐佣人；怎样购物；何时该接受、何时该拒绝他人的邀请；别人说的话，何时该当真，何时不该当真。这些暗示可以是语言、手势、面部表情、风俗习惯或社会行为标准。我们在成长的过程中获得了这些暗示，就像我们的语言和我们所接受的信仰一样，它们已经成为我们文化的一部分。我们所有的人都依赖成百上千个这样的暗示才能拥有宁静的心境，过上高效率的生活。 Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort: a€?The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.a€? When Americans or other foreigners in a strange land get together to complain about the host country and its people a€”you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of
新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后答案(完整版)
Unit1 Working with words and expressions 1. 2. cloze Translation
Answers to Unit 2 Book 4 Unit Two Man and Technology Words in Action Working with Words and Expressions 1. 1) monitor 2) phenomenon 3) isolation 4) gradual 5) opponent 6) advent 7) genetic 8) consciously 9) extreme 10) nasty 11) boom 12) formal 13) soar 14) survey 15) Similarly 16) modify 17) rough 2. 1) at the same time 2) are stuck with 3) for certain 4) make no difference 5) on average 6) when it comes to 7) depends on 8) built into 9) come to mind 10) at work Increasing Your Word Power 1. Adjectives Nouns Adjectives
Nouns 1) technological technology 6) luxurious luxury 2) eternal eternity 7) leisurely leisure 3) miraculous miracle 8) subjective subject 4) relevant relevance 9) prosperous prosperity 5) analytical Analysis 10) innovative innovation 2. 2) multi-faith 3) multiform 4) multifunction 5) multi-ethnic 6) multilateral 7) multi-lingual 8) multimedia 9) multimillionaire 10) multinational 1) a multi-faith society 2) a multi-lingual secretary 3) a multimillionaire 4) a multinational motor-manufacturing corporation 5) a multifunction video camera
新世纪大学英语综合教程第一册课后答案(全)
可编辑 The Answers to Unit 1 Enhance Your Language Awareness (I) Working with Words and Expressions 3. (1) fond of (2) is …related to (3) according to (4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt (7) rid …of (8) cleared up (9) or else (10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone (13) similar to (14) It ' HBD use (15) in my opinion (16) was worth (II) Increasing Your Word Power 1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b ⑸ 2. (1) obtain communicate (5) relevant (8) enjoyable (9) means (12) characters (13) astonished (2) confident (4) advantage (6) helpful (10) process (14) apparently ⑶ (7) extreme (11) particularly
2. ⑴ highly/very (2) quite/very quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very 3. 4. No Mistake especia l especially necessarily f necessary freque nt f freque ntly No Mistake easily f easy No Mistake in dividually f in dividual much f many high f highly appare ntly f appare nt remarkably f remarkable probable f probably No Mistake (III) Grammar Task 1: ⑴ would/should (2) should/would (3) might ⑷ would ⑸ must (6) can' (7) should would (8) must 可编辑
新世纪大学英语综合教程1翻译答案(全)
(1)这个婴儿还不会爬(crawl)，更不要说走了。(let alone) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk! (2)威尔声称谋杀案发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭,但是我认为他在说谎。(claim, in one’s opinion） Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. (3)一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关；有了阅读技巧，你就可以更好地应对课外阅读了。(to a certain extent, relate …to …, cope with） To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. (4)根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。(according to） According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game. (5)有些人想当然地认为日语(Japanese)中的每一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。(assume, equivalent) Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word. (6)我们已将所有的相关信息告知了警方。(relevant) We have passed all relevant information on to the police. (7)关于那件事你问我再多的问题也没用，因为我是不会回答你的。(it’s no use) There is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won't answer. (8)事先没有仔细阅读合同(contract)就签了名是吉姆的错误。(on one’s part) It was a mistake on Jim's part to sign the contract without reading it carefully. (9)他们拒绝向我们提供所需要的全部信息。(provide …with) They refused to provide us with all the information we need. (10) 这起事故与三年前发生的一起事故极为相似。(similar to) This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago. (11)这部影片是根据莎士比亚的戏剧改编的。(base on) The film is based on a play by Shakespeare (12)如果你的英语和电脑技能都掌握得好，那么你在谋职时就一定比别人更有优势。(have an advantage over) If you have a good command of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job.
新世纪大学英语视听说教程(第三版)3答案---完整
新世纪大学英语视听说教程（第三版）3 答案 Unit 1 P2 A 2e 3a 4b 5f 6d 7j 8g 9k 10i 11l 12h B 1.Andrew called to confirm the flight plans. Becky stopped the mail delivery. 2.Becky gave the keys to a friend and gave away the fresh foods. 3.Becky changed the voice mail message. Andrew paid the bills. 4.Andrew got the traveler’s checks. 5.Andrew watered the plants. Becky unplugged the electrical items. 6.Andrew turned off the lights. Becky emptied the trash. P3 A water the plants B 2L 3P 4L 5P 6P,L P4 A 2.boarding pass 3.check-in counter 4.overhead compartment 5.flight attendant 6.oxygen mask 7.carry-on luggage 8.baggage claim B 2.carry-on luggage 3.boarding pass 4.overhead compartment ,flight attendant 5.oxygen mask 6.tray table 7.baggage claim C flew four three D 1, 3 ,5, 7 ,8 E 1.Because he had only four hours in Seoul. 2.Because he had only one carry-on bag. 3.Jun doesn’t have a confirmed reservation for a flight.He will wait until the airplane is boarding to find out if there is a seat available for him. 4.Because he is a sales rep for an airplane and he knows the flight attendants. P7 A 1. I haven’t finished 2. I’ve canceled 3. I’ve picked up 4. I haven’t taken 5. Have you washed 6. I haven’t cleaned 7. I’ve watered 8. I’ve given 9.Have you packed B 1. No, he didn’t. 2. He confirmed all the flights. 3. They wanted him to come in and water the plants for them. 4. Because the dog always looks scared. 5. They want to use it again on their next vacation. P8 A 1.pre-trip planning 2. tagging luggage 3. saving space 4. your carry-on bag 5. other ideas B. 1,2,4,5,6,9,10 good 3,7,8 bad P9 A ．1. The advantages of traveling alone B. 3, 4,6 C. 1. Study vacation:vacation college ,play scientist 2. Using your vacation to learn a sport: golf,mountain climbing,scuba diving,ride a horse
外教社新世纪中职英语1 Unit 3 Making Apologies练习及答案
外教社新世纪中职英语1 Unit 3 Making Apologies练习及答案 Part one Listening Ⅰ.Listen and fill in the blanks with what you have heard. 1. Sorry to ________ you waiting for such a long time 2.I have to __________ because I should have arrived earlier 3. Don’t ________it. I have just bought a new cup 4. I’m so rry that I _________ to call you before I cane 5.I’m afr aid I __________this Friday because of the flu 6. That’s _________. I can wait for another 30 minutes 7. I’m afraid ther e’s something _________ with the contract 8.Y ou’d better __________ the documents again before the meeting 9.Don’t worry I’ll _________ you of the interview time. 10.I’m writing to express my ________for being unable to attend your birthday party Ⅱ.Listen to the conversations. Then choose the best answer to each question you have heard. 11. a. Student and teacher. b. Children and parents. c. Staff member and doss 12. a. The customer was kept waiting for a long time b .He didn’t get the right change c .He wante d to chang e some money 13.
新世纪大学英语教材视听说教程(第三版)2
Unit1 Activity 2 Boy: Hey, Grandma, what’s in this box Grandma: Oh, nothing really… Just a few old keepsakes. B: Keepsakes G: Young man, you know what a keepsake is ! B: No, I don’t. I really don’t G: Well, it’s something you keep. It’s something that giv es you a lot of memories. B: Oh. What’s this G: Now don’t go just digging around in there! ... Hmmm, let’s see…. that’s my first diary. B: Can I…. G: No, you can’t read it! It’s personal! I wrote about my first boyfriend in there. He became your grandfather! B: Oh, ok…. Well then, what’s that It has your picture in it. G: That’s my passport. YOU can see, I traveled to Europe by ship. B: What’s that big book G: My yearbook. It’s my high school book of memories. B: Class of 1961! Boy, that’s old! G: That’s about enough out of you, young man. I think it’s time we put this box away and…Activity3 At the age of thirteen, I took my first trip alone. I went to visit my grandparents in Los Angeles. I felt very nervous about traveling so far, but my mother said, “Don’t worry. You’ll be fine.”I got on the airplane and talked for a long time to a very nice woman who sat next to me. My grandparents met me at the airport and took me to their home. I stayed there for two weeks, and I had so much fun with them! It was my first time in Los Angeles, and I saw lots of really interesting places. In the end, I didn’t want to go home! Activity4 Making memories A popular new hobby is scrapbooking---making beautiful books to hold special memories. Scrapbook pages can include photos, drawings, journal entries. It’s not hard to make a scrapbook that you will enjoy for many years. Here are the steps.. 1. Choose a theme for your scrapbook pages. Some examples: “School days,”“Family travel,”“Memories of my grandparents,”“Baby’s f irst year.”
新世纪大学英语综合教程第一册课后答案(全)
2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate (4) advantage (5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8) enjoyable (9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12) characters (13) astonished (14) apparently 3. (1) fond of (2) is…related to (3) according to (4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt (7) rid… of (8) cleare d up (9) or else (10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone (13) similar to (14) It’s no use (15) in my opinion (16) was worth (II)Increasing Your Word Power 1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b
(5) b (6) d
2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very 3. 4.No Mistake especial→ especially necessarily → necessary frequent → frequently No Mistake ea sily → easy No Mistake i ndividually → individual m uch → many h igh → highly a pparently → apparent r emarkably → remarkable p robable → probably No Mistake (III)Grammar Task 1: (1)would/should (2) should/would (3) might (4) would
新世纪大学英语视听说教程3(第三版)听力原文
新世纪大学英语视听说教程3(第三版）听力原文Unit l, Lesson A Audio Track 3-1-1, Audio Track 3-1-2 Leticia: Hello? Paula: Hi, Leticia. It's Paula. Leticia: Hi, Paula. How are you? Have you finished packing yet? Paula: Almost. Leticia: You must be excited. When's your flight? Paula: Tomorrow. At 9 a.m. Listen, Leticia, I need your help. Leticia: OK. What's up? Paula: Well, as you know, I'm going on vacation for two weeks. Do you think you could water my plants while I'm away? Leticia: Sure. No problem. Paula: Great. They need water twice a week. There's one plant in the bedroom and one in the kitchen. Leticia: OK--say, how about your dog? Should I feed her, too? Paula: No, that's OK. I?m putting her in a kennel. Leticia: All right, then, I'll water your plants---and---oh, how about the mail? Should I pick it up for you?
新世纪大学英语(第二版)阅读教程2Unit1-Unit8答案
新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版） Unit 1 Part I Exercises I. Reading for information 。 A. Reading to find main ideas 1. A 2. C B. Reading to find major details 3 . D 4. B C. Reading to find relevant facts 5. C 6. A II. Translation Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1 A hundred papers in the boys' scrawls; he had shirked this work for weeks, feeling all the time as if a sword were hanging over his head. 有一百份卷子要批，而且全是男孩们用潦草的字迹写成的，这事他已经拖了好几个星期了。这些日子，他一直觉得头上仿佛悬着把剑。 2 I’ve spent a fortune on it behind closed doors. 我私下里已经花了一大笔钱来学习音乐了。 3 His face was beaded with perspiration. 他的脸上挂满了汗珠。 4 No judge delivering a sentence felt more pained and helpless. 没有哪个宣布判决的法官会比此时的谢卡尔更痛苦、更无助。 5 Truth required as much strength to give as to receive. 说出事实和接受事实同样需要勇气。 III. Summary Complete the following statements with words and expressions from the box. Use their proper forms. 1 Truth is like the sun because no human being can ever look it straight in the face without blinking or being dazed . 2 Sekhar thought that morning till night , the essence of human relationships consisted in tempering truth so that it might not shock . 3 Sekhar practiced truth for only one day and he had three trials :The first one was with his wife , the second with his colleague and the last one with his headmaster