高考必刷题英语阅读理解(科普环保)题及解析

高考必刷题英语阅读理解(科普环保)题及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读理解

A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day. Those surprising results appear in the journal Scientific Reports.

Shining iridescent color, which changes depending on the angle from which it's viewed, is favored by everything from birds to beetles and blossoms to butterflies.

"And in our research group we are of course interested in why this vivid metallic color is so widespread in nature." Karin Kjernsmo of the University of Bristol adds that in some cases the showy splashes of light are a sexual strategy. " Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄两性), such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection. For example, in many of these cases it is the males that have these vivid iridescent colors and they use them in mate choice or they use them as a signal to attract mates." But iridescence also shows up in situations where reproduction is not an issue. " So what we are studying now is whether natural selection imposed by predation(捕食行为) could explain the occurrence of iridescence in prey animals."

The idea that eye-catching colors could be used as a cover-up isn't a new one." The father of camouflage theory, Abbott Thayer, really believed that iridescence should be categorized as a camouflage strategy. And he wrote in his famous lifework Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom, already in 1909, that 'brilliantly changeable or metallic colors are among the strongest factors in an animal's concealment'. And this sounds like a completely unreasonable thing to say, because how can colors that are both brilliant and changeable contribute to animal's concealment？"

"In a similar way, we were asking whether iridescence, due to its changeability, could work as a form of camouflage by preventing shape recognition." Kjernsmo and her colleagues trained bumblebees to associate a particular shape—a circle or an oval—with a sugar reward. And they found that the bees, when given a choice, would preferentially visit the shape they knew to be sweet. But when the shapes were iridescent, the bees had trouble telling them apart. "It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish." As for making use of this method for hiding in plain sight, "Any practical applications is of course directly linked to any industry that has an interest in camouflage, that is how to conceal objects or make them more difficult to recognize." The researchers are currently conducting experiments with birds, which often prey on iridescent insects to see if it helps to have a bird's-eye view.

（1）According to the passage, iridescence is not made use of by animals to ________. A. live a little longer by escaping their predator(捕食者) B. catch the attention of their mates C. conceal themselves when in danger D. catch sight of more colorful preys

（2）From the study in the last paragraph, we can learn that ________.

A. Bees can always tell the difference between a circle and an oval

B. Bees are creatures that are fascinated by sweet things that are iridescent

C. If a circle, with a sugar reward, is iridescent, the bees may have difficulty finding it

D. Bees are likely to prefer circles to ovals, whether they are iridescent or not

（3）What will be talked about in the following paragraph?

A. Whether there are any differences between bees and birds.

B. Some industries that have great interest in camouflage.

C. Why birds are not effected by iridescent insects.

D. Which camouflage theory applies more to birds.

（4）Which of the following might serve as the best title of the passage?

A. A famous camouflage strategy

B. Metallic iridescent as the best disguise

C. Colors unique to animals

D. Shining colors as a sexual strategy

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day.”可知彩虹色被动物用来通过逃离捕食者而活得更久，排除A；根据第三段中的“Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄两性), such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection.”在这里我想指出的是，在某些物种中，尤其是那些表现出强烈两性差异的物种，比如天堂鸟、孔雀，甚至在某些蝴蝶或鱼类中，彩虹色的出现很可能是由性别选择所驱动的。可知动物用彩虹色引起同伴的注意，排除B；根据倒数第二段中的“The idea that eye-catching colors could be used as a cover-up isn't a new one.”引人注目的颜色可以用来伪装，这种想法并不新鲜，排除C，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish.”似乎我们的目标上惊人的彩虹表面在视觉上打破了原本可以辨认的目标形状，这使得它们很难区分。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段说研究人员目前正在对鸟类进行实验，这些鸟类的饮食中经常含有彩虹色的昆虫。实验目的是看看鸟类的视角是否能提供帮助。由此推断接下来一段会谈论为什么鸟类不受彩虹色昆虫的影响，故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。第一段中的“Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day.”有时，最好的伪装其实是最耀眼

的伪装，因为研究表明，闪光的金属彩虹色能在视觉上迷惑捕食者，这让五颜六色的猎物能够再存活一天，是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解

In my memory, winters always used to be really unpleasant. You had to bundle up just to keep warm when you went outside. You were often cold, wet, slip on the ice, and you'd arrive home to an ice-cold house. And that would mean turning on the heating and waiting. It's a miracle you didn't get cold to the bone.

Fortunately, things don't have to be so challenging any more. Technology, engine ring and design have advanced giving us new solutions to old problems. It means dealing with winter needn't be like skating on thin ice.

With a smart thermostat (温度自动调节器), our homes can be warm when we need them to be. Many models feature smartphone apps that allow you to control temperature remotely, so we can warm up the house before we arrive home. According to https://www.360docs.net/doc/ab16443325.html,, Tado's model features voice control, while the Nest 'leans' your habits and automatically heats the home for you.

Clothes have been given an upgrade, too. Electronic thermal jackets, sweaters and coats heat up when you turn them on. What better way to keep warm in the dead of winter? At the touch of a button, or through an app on our phones, the clothing generates heat from elements placed inside. Many models offer three levels of heating which stay warm for over 12 hours. .

Finally, there is the clothing for the head, beanie s and Earmuff, that feature speakers included in the fabric using Bluetooth technology so we can listen to our favourite music or, in some cases, have a phone callusing the in-built microphone. All while keeping the head warm and avoiding a cold.

For many, the thought of winter used to be enough to make their blood run cold. But using technology, life needn't freeze up. With the right solutions, there's no reason why winter can't be really, really cool.

（1）What do the underlined words "bundle up" mean in Para.1?

A. Fix an air conditioner.

B. Take a hot bath.

C. Run a lot.

D. Put on more clothes.（2）How does electronic thermal clothing work?

A. The equipment placed inside the clothing produces heat.

B. It needs to be warned up before being used.

C. The thermostat heat up automatically when the temperature is low.

D. It keeps warm for over 12 hours after being charged fox an hour.

（3）From the passage, we can lean the following statements EXCEPT that ________.

A. Tado's model can be controlled by saying something to it

B. with the in-built speaker and microphone, Beanies and Earmuffs users can have a phone call

C. technology can do nothing to make winter less rough

D. Bluetooth technology is used in the clothing for the head

（4）What's the best title of this passage?

A. A Smart Thermostat

B. A Modern winter

C. Ways of keeping warm

D. An unpleasant winter

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在科技并不发达的过去，人们可能会为如何在严寒天气里更好地保暖而倍感困扰。现如今，每到严冬时节，虽然温度骤降、天气恶劣，但随着各类智能保暖产品的问世，冬天也能变得舒适宜人。人们凭借科学技术发明了各式各样的防寒方法。比如，用智能电子设备调节屋内和衣物的温度；使用无线科技制造会自动发热的服饰。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"In my memory, winters always used to be really unpleasant. You had to bundle up just to keep warm when you went outside. "可知，在我的记忆中，冬天总是很不令人愉快。你外出时必须穿得暖和一点。所以通过" keep warm"可知，外出时要想暖和一些，就要多穿衣服。故判断出第1段中带下划线的单词"bundle up"是多穿点衣服。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的" At the touch of a button, or through an app on our phones, the clothing generates heat from elements placed inside. "可知，只要按下按钮，或者通过手机上应用程序，安装在衣服内部的电子元件就会产生热量。所以电子保暖服装工作的原理是安装在衣服内部的电子元件产生热量。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Fortunately, things don't have to be so challenging any more. Technology, engine ring and design have advanced giving us new solutions to old problems"可知，幸运的是，事情不需要再这么有挑战性了。先进的技术、引擎环和设计为我们提供了解决老问题的新方法。所以C选项"科技无法让冬天变得不那么难熬"不符合短文说明的内容。故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，在科技并不发达的过去，人们可能会为如何在严寒天气里更好地保暖而倍感困扰。现如今，每到严冬时节，虽然温度骤降、天气恶劣，但随着各类智能保暖产品的问世，冬天也能变得舒适宜人。人们凭借科学技术发明了各式各样的防寒方法。比如，用智能电子设备调节屋内和衣物的温度；使用无线科技制造会自动发热的服饰。所以短文的最佳标题为"让现代科技温暖你的冬日"。故B选项"让现代科技温暖你的冬日"符合题意。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Some things should just be common knowledge by now. The Earth isn't flat. Nope, your hair and nails don't grow after you die. The holes at the top of Bic biro pens are there so that, if you swallow one accidentally, you can still breathe and won't choke to death. It's debatable whether that last one there is common knowledge or not. A quick Google search of the fact, rewritten as a question, shows articles addressing this point going back several years, with the latest (re)appearing just this week over on ScienceAlert. We suppose it's one of those things that come up from time to time, like what would happen if you attack Yellowstone with a nuclear weapon (not much, as it turns out).

If you jump over to Bic's website, under their FAQs (frequently asked questions), it quite clearly states: "The reason that some BIC? pens have a hole in their cap is to prevent the cap from completely obstructing the airway if accidentally breathed in. This is requested by the international safety standards ISO11540, except for in cases where the cap is considered too large to be a choking risk."

That's rather lovely of them. In appreciation of their want to not kill off their more clumsy customers, we thought we'd share a few more random facts about Bic that are probably going to come up in a pub quiz one day. Did you know, for example, that each Bic ballpoint pen can produce at least 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) of ink before it begins to run out? In fact, in 2018, 7,250 kilometers (4,505 miles) of writing tests on such pens were carried out on ballpoint pens, gel pens(中性笔), and rollers to make sure they worked to the highest standard.

The best part of the Bic site, however, is this rather curious fact: "100 percent of pen balls are made through a highly-controlled process." As opposed to a highly uncontrolled process, involving explosions and bouncy castles and total chaos, we suppose.

（1）Why does the author mention the case of Yellowstone?

A. To list the facts.

B. To prove his point.

C. To compare the two situations.

D. To emphasize the importance of safety.

（2）What does the underlined word "obstructing" in paragraph 2 mean?

A. Block.

B. Open.

C. Transform.

D. Narrow.

（3）Why were the writing tests on pens carried out?

A. To work out their lifespan.

B. To assure their good quality.

C. To prove some random facts.

D. To compare different pens with each other.（4）In what tone does the author develop the text?

A. Critical.

B. Acid.

C. Humorous.

D. Serious.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，毕克笔的笔帽上有一个小孔是为了防止那些粗心的使用者不小心吞下而窒息死亡。这真是粗心使用者的生命通道。

（1）考查推理判断。毕克笔的笔帽上留一个小孔的原因，且这个问题会被偶尔问到，就像如果你用核武器攻击黄石公园会发生什么事这个问题一样，作者是在举例证明他的观点，故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。此处意为当使用者不慎把笔帽吞下时，笔帽上的小孔就是为了阻止笔帽完全阻塞气管而引起窒息，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"In fact, in 2018, 7,250 kilometers (4,505 miles) of writing tests on such pens were carried out on ballpoint pens, gel pens(中性笔), and rollers to make sure they worked to the highest standard."可知，举行书写测试的目的是为了确保笔能够达到最高的标准，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Some things should just be common knowledge by now. The Earth isn't flat. Nope, your hair and nails don't grow after you die. "和第三段中的"That's rather lovely of them. In appreciation of their want to not kill off their more clumsy customers"等作者的行文措辞可知，作者笔调轻松幽默，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

If you wear glasses, chances are you are smarter. Research published in the famous British journal Nature Communications has found that people who displayed higher levels of intelligence were almost 30 percent more likely to wear glasses.

The scientists studied the genes of thousands of people between the ages of 16 and 102.The study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses. Scientists also said being smarter has other benefits. It is connected to better health.

It is important to remember these are connections which are not proven causes. Scientists call this correlation. Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those things caused the other. And it's worth noting that what constitutes intelligence is subjective and can be difficult, if not impossible, to measure.

Forget genes though. Plenty of proof shows wearing glasses makes people think you are more intelligent, even if you do not need glasses. A number of studies have found people who wear glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften their appearance. He said sometimes there has been a huge amount of proof showing that people he was defending broke the law. He had them wear glasses and they weren't found guilty.

Glasses are also used to show someone is intelligent in movies and on TV. Ideas about people who wear glasses have begun to shift. People who do not need glasses sometimes wear them for fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though. GQ magazine said people who wear glasses for fashion are trying too hard to look smart and hip (时髦的). However, that hasn't stopped many celebrities from happily wearing glasses even if they do not need them. Justin Bieber is just one high-profile fan of fashion glasses.

（1）What does the new study show?

A. People wearing glasses are smarter.

B. People wearing glasses are healthier.

C. Wearing glasses can make people cleverer.

D. Wearing glasses is associated with higher IQ.

（2）What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. Shift.

B. Link.

C. Proof.

D. Consequence.

（3）Why do some lawyers ask their clients to wear glasses in court?

A. Because it can create a moral image.

B. Because it can mislead the witnesses.

C. Because it can highlight clients' qualities.

D. Because it can prove the clients' innocence.（4）What is the general attitude to those who wear glasses for fashion?

A. Positive.

B. Negative.

C. Mixed

D. Indifferent.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现戴眼镜和高智商有关，文章还指出有些人只是为了追求时尚而戴眼镜。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses.”可知，研究表明，智力与身体特征有关，其中一个特征就是视力，在10个更聪明的人中，他们需要眼镜的几率更高，也就是说戴眼镜与高智商有关，故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those things caused the oth er.”可知，仅仅因为某物与其他事物相联系并不意味着其中一个事物导致了另一个事物，这是对画线词的解释说明，因此此处是说重要的是要记住这些都是没有被证实的原因的联系，科学家称之为相关性，由此可知画线词词义为“相关联、联系”，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“A number of studies have found people who wear glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften their appearance.”可知，许多研究发现，戴眼镜的人被视为更聪明、更勤奋、更诚实，眼镜使他们看起来更温和，许多律师利用这个想法来帮助他们赢得官司，可知，一些律师让他们的当事人在法庭上戴眼镜是因为戴上眼镜有助于塑造一个道德的形象，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“People who do not need gla sses sometimes wear them for fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though.”可知，不需要眼镜的人有时戴眼镜只是为了时尚，他们想显得酷一些，但并不是每个人都对这个想法印象深刻，可知，对于那些追求时尚而戴眼镜的人来说，人们的态度是既有人支持也有人反对，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

NASA has a new job listing, and it's no joke. The US space agency is looking for a "joker" to join their planned mission to Mars.

A mission to Mars is no laughing matter. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles (225 million kilometers) away from Earth. A trip there would take around eight months in a small spacecraft. And Mars has a communications delay of 20 minutes. This means that astronauts will have to wait 20 minutes for a reply, when an emergency happens.

"When you're living with others in a confined space for a long period of time, such as on a mission to Mars, problems are likely to occur," Jeffrey Johnson, a scientist at the University of Florida, told The Guardian.

This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor. "These are people that have the ability to pull everyone together," Johnson said.

In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. By laughing together, we share our stress. Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.

There are other examples of team "clowns". One example is the journey to the South Pole led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. It was a difficult journey full of danger. Adolf Lindstrom, a cook at Amundsen's team, was a "clown". He made people laugh through the whole journey. Amundsen later wrote that Lindstrom was the most valuable member of the team.

But if you're hoping that your favorite TV comedian will fly to Mars, that probably won't happen.

"Being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job," Johnson said. "They also need to be an excellent engineer."

Besides, they must be in top physical condition.

（1）What is NASA's new job listing?

A. A funny engineer.

B. A talented clown.

C. A good cook.

D. A popular comedian.（2）What does "a confined space" in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. a full space

B. an empty space

C. an open space

D. a small space.（3）How does the author think humor can help astronauts?

A. It can stop them from feeling bored.

B. It can promote teamwork on a mission.

C. It can make them feel less homesick.

D. It can help them know themselves better.

（4）What's the author's purpose of giving the example of the cook?

A. To tell us that what explorers eat on their journey is very important.

B. To prove that an amateur can play a more important role than a professional.

C. To make the point that humorous people can cheer people up in difficult situations.

D. To reveal that a mission to Mars is more difficult than a journey to the South Pole.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由美国宇航局寻找一位幽默的工程师来和宇航员一起执行航天任务介绍了幽默对宇航员的重要作用。

（1）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“‘Being funny won't be enough to land somebody

the job,’ Johnson said. ‘They also need to be an excellent engineer.’”可知，美国宇航局的新工作是幽默的工程师，故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“ such as on a mission to Mars, ”可知，与在地球上生活的宽广空间不同，在火星任务中，你需要和其他人一起在狭小的航天器内生活很长一段时间，由此可知画线词词义为“狭小的空间、有限的空间”，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“These are. people that have the ability to pull everyone together,”可知，幽默的人有能力把每个人都团结在一起，也就是说幽默能够促进宇航员在任务中的团队合作，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“I n stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. By laughing together, we share our stress.”可知，在压力大的情况下，幽默是一种减压的方式，第六段第一句话又说有很多团队小丑的例子，紧接着举厨师的例子就是为了证明这一点，即：幽默的人能使人在困难的情况下振作起来，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

If American waterways had ever been voted on the yearbook, the Buffalo River could easily have been named Ugliest. It could be hard to find hope there. It took decades for public perception of the river to shift. But activist citizens, who collaborated with industry, government, and environment groups never gave up on their polluted river—the Buffalo River gradually went from being considered a lost cause to a place worth fighting for. And by now the cleaned—up water is one of Buffalo'S biggest attractions.

By the 1960s, the river was seen as one of the worst sources of pollution pouring into the Great Lakes. The Buffalo River had caught fire many times. The surface had an oily layer, and any fish caught there were not eatable.

The waterway's fate started shifting in the mid-1960s. Stanley Spisiak was a local Polish—American jeweler by day, but by evening he was the kind of guy who'd chase down dumpers(垃圾车)he spotted on the Buffalo River. By 1966 he found himself winning the National Wildlife Federation's "Water Conservationist of the Year" award. And before long he got a nickname:" Mr. Buffalo River. "But there was only so much he could do—the river was still declared biologically dead in 1969.

Jill Spisiak Jedlicka is his great-grandniece. She picks up where he left off by directing the river's protector organization, Buffalo Niagara Waterkeeper. Professor Schneekloth and seven friends founded the organization as an all-volunteer nonprofit in 1989, after organizing the first river cleanup that year. Today the group employs 27 full-time workers and has helped oversee the Buffalo River's $100 million restoration.

So far, the Buffalo River's water quality has restored, but it is still an ongoing issue, as sewage(污水)can overflow into the river after storms. Habitat restoration continues as well; fish and plantings are still being sampled to measure how well it's gone.

（1）What did the Buffalo River use to be?

A. A waterway on the yearbook.

B. A river heavily polluted.

C. A great attraction of Buffalo's.

D. A place worth fighting for.

（2）Why was Mr.Spisiak named "Mr. Buffalo River"?

A. Because his fate shifted in the 1 960s.

B. Because he spotted dumpers on the River.

C. Because he spared no efforts to protect the river.

D. Because the river was declared biologically dead.

（3）How long did it take for the river to restore?

A. More than half a century.

B. Just four decades.

C. About 30 years.

D. Only 27 years.（4）What can be a suitable title for this text?

A. The restoration of the Buffalo River

B. Stanley Spisiak: The "Mr.Buffalo River"

C. The future of the Buffalo River

D. River protection: A long way to go

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了被污染的the Buffalo River的恢复。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”never gave up on their polluted river—the Buffalo River gradually went from being considered a lost cause to a place worth fighting for.“；第二段中的”By the 1960s，the river was seen as one of the worst sources of pollution pouring into the Great Lakes. The Buffalo River had caught fire many times. The surface had an oily layer，and any fish caught there were not eatable.“可知，the Buffalo River过去是一条被严重污染的河。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的”Stanley Spisiak was a local Polish—American jeweler by day，but by evening he was the kind of guy who'd chase down dumpers(垃圾车)he spotted on the Buffalo River. By 1966 he found himself winning the National Wildlife Federation's "Water Conservationist of the Year"award. And before long he got a nickname: ‘Mr. Buffalo River.’"可知，Mr. Spisiak被称为“Mr.Buffalo River”是因为他不遗余力地保护这条河。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“It took decades for public perception of the river to shift.”公众对这条河的看法改变花了几十年的时间；第二段中的“By the 1960s，the river was seen as one of the worst sources of pollution pouring into the Great Lakes.”到了20世纪60年代，这条河被认为是五大湖最严重的污染源之一。；以及最后一段中的“So far，the Buffalo River's water quality has restored，”到目前为止，布法罗河的水质已经恢复”可知，这条河花了多半个世纪才恢复。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。第一段和第二段说明了the Buffalo River严重受污染的情况，第三、四段介绍了为改变污染状况所做的努力，以及最后一段中的“So far，the Buffalo River's water quality has restored，but it is still an ongoing issue，as sewage(污水)can overflow into the river after storms. Habitat restoration continues as well；fish and plantings are still being sampled to measure how well it's gone.”是其现状。综上可知，本文讲述的是被污染的the

Buffalo River的恢复。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Moving smoothly and silently through Alibaba Group Holding Ltd's futuristic "FlyZoo" hotel, black disc-shaped robots about a metre in height deliver food and drop off fresh towels.

The robots are part of a set of high-tech tools that Alibaba says strongly cuts the hotel's cost of human labour and eliminates the need for guests to interact with other people.

Formally opened to the public last month, the 290-room FlyZoo is an incubator for technology Alibaba wants to sell to the hotel industry in the future and an opportunity to showcase its prowess in artificial intelligence. It is also an experiment that tests consumer comfort levels with unmanned commerce in China.

Inside the hotel, softly-lit white panelled walls bring to mind the interiors of Hollywood spaceships. Guests check in at podiums that scan their faces, as well as passports or other ID. Visitors with a Chinese national ID can scan their faces using their smartphones to check in ahead of time.

Elevators scan guests' faces again to verify which floor they can access and hotel room doors are opened with another face scan.

"It's very quick and safe. I haven't used it much yet, but basically, I can be in my room in one minute, "said guest Tracy Li. Li added that safety was one of her priorities and she was pleased her room could only be entered with a scan of her face.

In the rooms, Alibaba's voice command technology is used to change the temperature, close the curtains, adjust the lighting and order room service.

At the hotel's restaurant, taller capsule-shaped robots deliver food that guests have ordered via the FlyZoo app while at a separate bar, a large robotic arm can mix more than 20 different types of cocktails. Facial recognition cameras add charges to the room rate automatically.

The hotel does employ humans, though Alibaba declined to detail how many. This includes chefs and cleaners as well as reception staff, who will assist with conventional check-in procedures for guests unwilling to have their faces scanned and want to use electronic key cards.（1）What does the underlined word "eliminates" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. Removes

B. Meets

C. Limits

D. Increases

（2）Why does Alibaba build the FlyZoo?

A. To cut the cost of consumers.

B. To compete with other hotels.

C. To experiment its artificial intelligence.

D. To make sure of the safety of guests.

（3）What distinctive feature does the FlyZoo have?

A. It doesn't need waiter sand cooks in the restaurant.

B. Its robots can mix cocktails and take food to the guests.

C. Guests can enter the room quickly without scanning.

D. Voice command technology meets all needs of guests.

（4）What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. Conventional things must be abolished.

B. Artificial intelligence has many advantages.

C. Personal information of guests is confidential.

D. Humans cannot be replaced completely.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，阿里巴巴把一些智能机器人卖到了宾馆，它的机器人可以混合鸡尾酒和给客人拿食物。尽管如此，人类无法完全被取代。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“The robots are part of a set of high-tech tools that Alibaba says strongly cuts the hotel's cost of human labour and eliminates the need for guests to interact with othe r people.”机器人是一组高科技工具的一部分，阿里巴巴说强烈削减酒店的人力劳动成本和消除客人与他人互动的需要。”由此推知划线词的意思是“消除”。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Formally opened to the public last month, the 290-room FlyZoo is an incubator for technology Alibaba wants to sell to the hotel industry in the future and an opportunity to showcase its prowess in artificial intelligence. It is also an experiment that tests consumer comfort levels with unmanned commerce in China.”上个月正式向公众开放，290间客房的FlyZoo孵化器技术阿里巴巴在未来想要卖给酒店业，并展示自己在人工智能上的实力。它也是一个测试在中国无人商务消费者舒适程度的实验。由此可知，Alibaba建theFlyZoo是为了尝试它的人工智能。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“At the hotel's restaurant, taller capsule-shaped robots deliver food that guests have ordered via the FlyZoo app while at a separate bar, a large robotic arm can mix more than 20 different types of cocktails.”可知，the FlyZoo的特色是“它的机器人可以混合鸡尾酒也可以给客人拿食物。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The hotel does employ humans, though Alibaba declined to detail how many.”可知，人类无法完全被取代。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读下列短文，从所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出最佳选项。

We all are familiar with Android and iOS platforms as both are popular but are quite different when it comes to functionalities.

If you are making a big move from Android to iPhone, then the first thing that counters your mind is how to get your data on the iPhone.

Note: You need to turn on Wi-Fi on your Android & iPhone and connect them with the same

network.

So, let's get started and learn how to transfer data from Android to iPhone.

Note: Please keep in mind that the steps might vary from device to device.

Install (安装) the "Move to iOS" App on your Android device from the Google play store. This application is developed by Apple and available for free.

Once you are done with installing the app, you need to grant permissions to the app. Now, follow on-screen instructions to proceed.

Now, keep your Android aside and start your iPhone. Follow the on-screen instructions to set up your iPhone.

The transfer might take a bit longer depending upon the size of the content.

On your iPhone screen, you will see a screen saying," Continue setting up iPhone".

You can continue setting up your Apple ID on your new iPhone. Once done, you will find all your data such as contacts, messages, bookmarks, pictures etc. on it.

That's it, now you can dump your old Android phone and enjoy using your iPhone.

（1）Before the transfer, what are you supposed to do first?

A. Be familiar with Android and iOS platforms.

B. Check your data on the iPhone and back it up.

C. Remember the steps might vary from device to device.

D. Tum on Wi-Fi and connect them with the same network.

（2）What do we know about the "Move to iOS" App?

A. It is required to be installed on your iOS device.

B. It is an app that transfers data from Android to iPhone.

C. The Google play store developed this app free of charge.

D. You need grant permissions to the app before downloading it.

（3）Which section of a website is this article taken from?

A. Technology.

B. Entertainment.

C. Travel.

D. Relationship.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，安卓系统和苹果iOS系统都很受欢迎，但是如何在两个系统之间传输数据呢？本文作者详细介绍了在这两个系统之间传输数据的具体步骤。（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Note: You need to turn on Wi-Fi on your Android & iPhone and connect them with the same network.”可知在传输之前，首先你需要打开你的安卓和苹果的无线网，然后连接到同一个网络。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“So, let's get started and learn how to transfer data from Android to iPhone.”（因此，让我们开始学习如何把数据从安卓系统传输到苹果系统。以及第六段中的“Install (安装) the "Move to iOS" App on your Android device from the Google play store.”在你的安卓系统设备上安装“移动到iOS系统”程序，可知"Move to iOS"是用来传输数据的。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。本文作者详细介绍了如何在安卓系统和苹果iOS系统之间传输数据

的具体步骤。因此这是关于技术方面的文章。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Almost every second of every day an older adult falls in the United States. That's approximately 29 million falls per year and nearly 27, 000 deaths, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Still in the stating stage, the Active Pelvis Orthosis (APO) system in Switzerland wants to make a lightweight, wearable exoskeleton (外骨骼) that could detect signs of balance loss and assist with balance recovery to keep the elderly wearer from falling, only when needed.

Other exoskeletons, either in development or on the market today, assist with movement and make heavy objects feel lighter. Mobility-impaired people can walk again. But none of these devices predict what the wearer is going to do next and take measures to correct an unsteady move.

The 3 kilogram (6.7 pound) exoskeleton was built entirely from scratch by the research team and is designed to be worn on the lower half of the body. A waistband connects to two movable carbon fiber braces (支架), each one positioned on the outer side of a leg. Tiny motors and so-called "adaptive oscillators" (适配振荡器) in the computer circuits use a special process to detect the, wearer's unique paces. That part takes just a few minutes.

While wearing the exoskeleton, a person may feel the braces and the motors pushing slightly on their legs. If their paces go against normal, the motors create a force in the braces that cause them to stiffen up and push a little more strongly against the legs, which provides stability.

In the next three years, the APO hopes to develop something that is commercially available.（1）Why is the new exoskeleton invented?

A. To slower users' walking paces.

B. To improve users' walking ability

C. To promote users' sense of balance.

D. To prevent users from falling

（2）What's the feature of the new exoskeleton?

A. It keeps users warm.

B. It is worn on the back.

C. It helps users move around.

D. It corrects an unsteady move.

（3）What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?

A. How the new exoskeleton works.

B. Where the braces are positioned.

C. How long it takes to detect the user's paces.

D. What the new exoskeleton was built from.

（4）What is the purpose of the author in writing this text?

A. To call on care for the elderly.

B. To introduce a new invention.

C. To advertise new device.

D. To bring hope for the elderly.

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款新设备，能够预测外骨骼佩戴者下一步会做什么，同时采取措施纠正不稳定的移动来防止老年人佩戴者摔倒。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“…to ma ke a lightweight, wearable exoskeleton (外骨骼) that could detect signs of balance loss and assist with balance recovery to keep the elderly wearer from falling, only when needed.”可知 APO系统想制作一个轻量级、可穿戴的外骨骼来防止老年人佩戴者摔倒，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“But none of these d evices predict what the wearer is going to do next and take measures to correct an unsteady move.”可知目前的一些设备都无法预测佩戴者下一步会做什么，也无法采取措施纠正不稳定的移动，故选D。

（3）考查段落大意。通读第四段可知，主要讲述的是这种新设备是如何工作的，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。本文介绍了一款新设备，能够预测佩戴者下一步会做什么，同时采取措施纠正不稳定的移动来防止老年人佩戴者摔倒。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Many people have long dreamed of being able to fly around as simply as riding a bicycle. Yet the safety and strength of a flying bike was always a big problem. Over the past 10 years, developments in technology have moved the dream of personal flying vehicles closer to reality. Now, two groups of inventors say such vehicles may be available soon.

The British company Malloy Aeronautics has developed a prototype (原型) of its flying bicycle. Grant Stapleton, marketing sales director of Malloy Aeronautics, says the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly." It can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed," he adds.

Mr. Stapleton says safety was the company's main concern. He says the designers solved the safety issue by using overlapping rotors to power the vehicle.

The company is testing a full-size prototype of the Hoverbike, which will most likely be used first by the police and emergency rescue teams.

In New Zealand, Martin Aircraft Company is also testing a full-size prototype of its personal flying device, called the Jetpack. It can fly for more than 30 minutes, up to 1, 000 meters high and reach a speed of 74 kilometers per hour.

Peter Coker is the CEO of Martin Aircraft Company. He said the Jetpack "is built around safety from the start". In his words, "Reliability is the most important element of it. We have safety built into the actual structure itself, very similar to a Formula One racing car.

The Jetpack uses a gasoline-powered engine that produces two powerful jet streams. Mr. Coker says it also has a parachute that would be used, if there should be an emergency. "It starts to work at very low altitude and actually saves both the aircraft and the pilot," he adds. Mr. Coker says the Jetpack will be ready for sale soon.

（1）We can learn from the passage that the Hoverbike ________.

A. can hardly get in and out of small spaces quickly

B. can fly for over 30 minutes, up to 1, 000 meters high

C. has been used by the police and emergency rescue teams

D. can be transported quickly after being folded and packed

（2）Peter Coker uses the example of Formula One racing car to show that ________.

A. the Jetpack is very safe and reliable

B. the engine of the Jetpack is powerful

C. the actual structure of the Jetpack is unique

D. the Jetpack can reach a great speed and height

（3）The underlined word "It" in the last paragraph refers to ________.

A. the jet stream

B. the engine

C. the Jetpack

D. the parachute （4）What is the author's main purpose of writing the passage?

A. To describe the problems of inventing flying vehicles.

B. To introduce the latest development of flying vehicles.

C. To show the differences between two flying vehicles.

D. To advertise the two personal flying vehicles.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述一种个人飞行工具很快就会应用于现实，然而安全性和强度一直是个大问题，文中介绍了两家研发飞行器的公司的最新的产品，新产品把安全放在首位，并对产品进行了改进。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly. It can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be fo lded and packed.” 可知，Hoverbike能够很快地进出小空间。它可快速地在大陆上移动，因为它可以折叠和包装。可知，选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第六段Peter Coker说Jetpack从一开始就围绕安全进行的，安全可靠性是最重要的因素。我们在车的现行结构中植入了安全性，非常类似于Formula One 赛车。，故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Mr. Coker says it also has a parachute (降落伞) that can be used should there be an emergency. "It starts to work at very low altitude …., ”Coker先生

说Jetpack上也有降落伞，可以在紧急情况下使用。“在海拔非常低的情况下开始用它…”。可知，Jetpack上的降落伞（它）是在海拔低时才用。由此可知it指的是parachute (降落伞)。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段可知，许多人一直梦想能像骑自行车一样简单的飞来飞去，科技的发展让这个梦想很快实现。然而飞行自行车的安全性和强度一直是个大问题。接着下面叙述了两家研发飞行器的公司的最新的产品，新产品把安全放在首位。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。