中考英语语法 20.中考重点句式一(基础讲解)

中考英语语法 20.中考重点句式一(基础讲解)
中考英语语法 20.中考重点句式一(基础讲解)

中考重点句式一

【真题再现】

I. 根据中文意思完成句子。.

1.很抱歉我没能参加你的生日晚会。

_____for missing your birthday party.

2. 你在课余时间喜欢读书吗?

Do you _____ in your spare time?

3. 杰克会和同学们相处得很好。

Jack will _____ his classmates.

4. 这个演讲非常精彩。我们都听得很认真。

The speech _____ we all listened carefully.

5. 他们很难在这么短的时间内想出新的办法。

_____ a new way in such a short time.

II.根据中文意思完成句子。

1. ——这本书我能借多久?

——三个星期。你得按时还。

— How long can I ______ the book?

— Three weeks. You must ______ it on time.

2.你最好不要迟到了。

You’d better not ______ late ______ school again.

3.昨天早晨李明八点才起床。

Li Ming _______ get up ______ eight o’clock yesterday morning.

4.他说他不知道王女士将何时前往随州市。

He said he didn’t know when Ms Wang was ______ _____ Suizhou City.

5. 麦克和哈里决心更加努力地学习。

Mike and Harry have ________ their ______to study harder.

6.我宁愿在家里看电视也不愿到外面踢足球。

I would_______ watch TV plays at home ______ play soccer outside.

7.老师告诉这个男孩不要在游戏上花太多的时间。

The teacher told the boy not to ______ too much time ______ games.

【答案与解析】

I.根据中文意思完成句子。

1. I am sorry

2. like / enjoy reading

3. get along/on well with

4. was so wonderful that

5. It’s difficult for them to come up with

II. 根据中文意思补全句子。

1. keep/have; return

2. be; for

3. di dn’t; until

4. leaving for

5. made; minds

6. rather; than

7. spend;playing

【用法讲解】

考试要求:

中考重点句型即中考经常考查的句型,在中考试卷中单项选择和句型转换以及完成句子中经常考到这些重点的句型,同学们在中考冲刺阶段需要确认是否已经掌握了这些重点的句型结构和它们的典型用法,特别是一些重点句子的表达方式。掌握了这些重点句型对于同学们解答阅读理解、听力和书面表达等都会有很大的帮助。

1. 常考重点句型:

(1)be +afraid of doing / to do /that从句

(2)be +busy doing sth./ with sth.

(3)be +famous / late /ready / sorry +for sth.

(4)be glad that…

(5)make/ let /have sb. (not) do sth.

(6)ask / tell /want sb. (not) to do sth.

(7)give/ buy/ lend/ sb. sth.

(8)tell/ ask sb. how to do sth.

(9)get on well with…

(10)get ready for / get sth ready

(11)help sb do/(to) do ; help sb with

(12)It’s time +for sb. to do sth.

(13)It’s +形容词+for/of sb. to do sth.

(14)would rather do...

(15)had better do sth.

(16)It’s +better/ best to do sth.

(17)enjoy/ finish/ practice/ mind/feel like +doing sth.

(18)keep sb doing/ keep/make sth +adj

(19)stop +to do (doing) sth.

(20)keep/ stop/ prevent sb. from +doing sth.

(21)prefer +宾语A+to +宾语B

(22)used to do sth.

(23)be/get/become +used to +doing sth.

(24)含有too ... to do sth.结构的句型

(25)含有so...that的句型

(26)It +takes+sb. some time+to do sth.

(27)spend +时间/金钱+on sth./ doing sth.

(28)see/ hear/ watch sb. do/doing sth.

(29)Thanks for + doing sth.

(30)The +形容词/副词的比较级…,the +形容词/副词的比较级...

1. 中考重点句型详解:

(1)be +afraid of doing / that 从句

这个句型表示“某人害怕或担心做某事”,be动词随着句子的主语人称和数的变化而变化。

1)be afraid of的后面用名词或动名词形式作宾语,表示“某人害怕做某事”, 也可以用be afraid to do sth.。例如:

My little sister is afraid of dogs. 我的小妹妹害怕狗。

He doesn’t want to speak Englis h, because he is afraid of making mistakes.

他不想说英语,因为担心出错。

2) be afraid +that从句,一般用来要说出对方不愿意听到的内容的客气的说法,多译成“恐怕”。

例如:I am afraid that I can’t help you.

我恐怕不能帮助你。

(2)be +busy doing sth./ with sth.

这个句型表示“某人忙于做某事”,be busy的后面接动词时用动名词,接名词或者代词时用be busy

with。例如:

Our teacher is busy correcting our homework.

=Our teacher is busy with our homework.

我们的老师正忙于批改我们的作业。

(3)主语+be +famous / late /ready / sorry for +宾语

这个句型的意思是“因为某人或者某事而出名/ 迟到/ 做好准备/ 道歉”,其中介词for表示原因。例如:

The old man is famous for his handwriting.

这个老年人因为他的书法而出名。

We are sorry for not taking part in your birthday party.

没能参加你的生日聚会我们感到抱歉。

(4)be glad +that从句

这个句型表示“对于某事很高兴”,that 后跟一个句子,这里的that可以省掉。类似的用法还有be happy/pleased that+从句。例如:

I am glad that every student is studying as hard as possible.

对于每个学生都尽可能努力学习,我很欣慰。

I’m glad that you passed the exam.

对于你通过了考试,我很高兴。

He is pleased(that)his daughter gives him a present for his birthday every year.

他很满意女儿每年在他生日时,送他一个生日礼物。

(5)make/ let /have sb. (not) do sth

使役动词make/ let/ have的后面用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,意思是“使/ 让某人做某事”而此句型谓语动词变成被动语态时,要把省略的to加上。例如:

My father often makes me do my homework for an hour at home.

我的爸爸每天使我在家做一个小时的家庭作业。

He was made to work more than ten hours a day.

每天他被迫工作十多个小时。

(6)ask / tell /want sb. (not) to do sth.

动词ask、tell、want的后面可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语,意思是“要求/ 告诉/ 想要某人做某事”。例如:

My teacher often tells us to do our homework at home.

我们的老师经常告诉我们在家做我们的家庭作业。

-What did your father say just now? 你父亲刚才说什么?

-He asked me to help him clean his car. 他要我帮他擦车。

(7)give/ buy/ lend sb. sth.

give/ buy/ lend等动词后可以跟双宾语,谓语动词的变化和句子的主语保持一致,意思是“给某人某物/ 给某人买某物/ 借给某人某物”,表示某物的宾语是直接宾语,表示某人的宾语是间接宾语。如果直接宾语在前面,间接宾语在后面要用介词to/for。有类似用法的动词很多,常见的能与to 连用的有:

give,lend,bring,hand,pass,read,return,sell,show,teach,tell,throw

常见的能与for连用的有:

buy,choose,cook,find,get,make,order,prepare

例如:

My mother bought me a new sweater yesterday.

=My mother bought a new sweater for me yesterday.

昨天我妈妈给我买了一件新毛衣。

(8)tell/ ask + (sb.) +how to do sth.

动词tell/ask/ know/ show等动词的后面用“疑问词+动词不定式”构成的短语作宾语,相当于疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如:

Can you tell me where to buy this kind of flowers?

=Can you tell me where I can buy this kind of flower?

你能告诉我在哪里买这种花吗?

(9)get on well with sb…

该句式表示“和某人相处的融洽”,同义词组有get along well with sb。例如:

I get along well with my classmates. 我和我的同学们相处的很好。

Mary is selfish. She can hardly get on well with everyone.

Mary很自私,几乎和每个人关系都不好。

另外,get along也有进展、进行的意思。例如:

How are you getting along with your English?

你的英语学得怎样?

(10)get ready for / get sth ready

get ready for / get sth. ready 表示“为……做好准备”,for后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。例如The next stop is Tian’anmen East. Please ge t ready for your arrival.

下一站是天安门东,请准备下车。

Go home immediately. Mum has got the dinner ready.

快回家吧,妈妈已经把饭准备好了!

(11)help sb do/(to) do ; help sb with

这两个句式表示都“帮助某人做某事”。后接动词不定式时,do或to do都可以;如果是后接名词或代词时,要用with。例如:

I often help my mum do the housework.

我经常帮助妈妈做家务。

He helped me a lot with math.

他在数学方面给我很大的帮助。

(12)It’s time (for somebody) to do sth.

这个句型意思是“到了做某事的时间、该做某事了”,如果用名词表示事件,也可写成“It’s time for sth.”。其中it指时间。例如:

It’s time for you to take some medicine. 到了你吃药的时间了。

It’s time for bed. 到了上床睡觉的时间了。

(13)It’s +形容词+for/ of somebody to do sth.

这个句型it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式,意思是“对某人来说做某事是怎么样的”。例如:

It’s difficult for your brother to take the heavy box to his room.

对你小弟弟来说把那个重箱子搬到他的房间里是困难的。

注意:

如果句型中的形容词表示某人的性质和特点时,一般用of;而形容词表示做某事的性质和特点时,就要用for。例如:

It’s kind o f you to help me a lot. 你真太好了,帮了我这么多。

(14)would rather do ...

这个句型是表示“宁愿做某事”的意思,表示选择,后接不带to的不定式。例如:

I’d rather not say anything. 我宁愿不说任何事情。

Would you rather work on a farm?

你愿意在农场工作吗?

由于would rather表示选择,后可接than,再接相比之下不愿意做的事。例如:

I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.

我宁愿在农场工作而不愿意在工厂工作。

(15)had better (not) do sth.

这个句型要注意had better的后面用动词原形,had better可略写为’d better,意思是“最好做某事”,否定形式在had better 后加not。例如:

We had better go there on foot. 我们最好步行去那里。

You’d better not be late for school again.

你最好不要再迟到了。

(16)It’s +better/ best to do sth.

这个句型中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式,意思是“最好做某事”。表示相比较而言,做某事更好或最好。例如:

It’s best to plant trees in the spring. 春天是植树的最好季节。

It is better to give than to receive. 给予比接受更好。

(17)feel like/ enjoy/ finish/ practice/ mind +doing sth.

在动词enjoy(喜欢)、finish (完成)、practice (练习)、mind (介意)和短语feel like (想要)的后面必须用动名词作宾语。例如:

Do you mind my smoking here? 我在这里吸烟你介意吗?

I don’t feel like walking very much today.

我今天不太想散步。

You need to practice writing. 你需要练习写作。

(18)keep sb doing sth;keep doing sth

keep sb doing sth表示“让别人一直做某事”,而keep doing 表示“某人一直做某事”。例如:

I am sorry for keeping you waiting for a long time.

对不起,让你久等了。

He caught such a bad cold that he kept coughing all morning.

他感冒了以至于整个上午都在咳嗽。

注意:

keep 还可以加形容词,表示保持某物的状态,即keep sth. + 形容词(adj.)。

例如:Keep the door open, please. 请保持门开着。

(19)stop+to do (doing) sth.

动词stop的后面可以接动名词,也可以接动词不定式,区别如下:stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事(即停止正在做的事)”,stop to do sth.表示“停下来(手头的事)开始做另一事”。例如:

It’s time for class. You should stop talking.

现在上课了,你们应该停止谈话。

We have worked for three hours. Let’s stop to have a rest.

我们已经工作三个小时了。让我们停下来休息一会吧。

(20)keep/ stop/ prevent sb. from+doing sth.

动词keep/ stop/ prevent和介词from连用,表示“阻止某人做某事”,from后面如果接动词,要用动名词形式。例如:

The trees can keep the water from running away. 树木能够阻止水流失。

I prevent him from going out. 我阻止他出去。

(21)prefer +宾语A+to +宾语B

这个句型表示与B事相比更喜欢做A事,其中两个宾语的形式一般是一致的,如果用动词,都要用动名词形式。例如:

My father prefers apples to bananas.

我爸爸喜欢苹果胜过香蕉。

He is a man who prefers doing to talking.

他是个喜欢做而不喜欢说的人。

(22)used to do sth.

这个句型在used to的后面要用动词原形,其中to是不定式符号,表示“过去常常做某事”,现在已经不做了。例如:

My father used to be a math teacher.

我的爸爸过去曾经是一名数学老师。

You used to do this by yourself?

以前都是你自己一个人做的吗?

(23)be/get/become used to doing sth.

这个句型在be/get/become used to的后面用动名词形式做宾语,表示“习惯于做某事”,其中to是介词,可以用于各种时态。例如:

My little brother has been used to getting up early to go to school.

我小弟弟已经习惯早起上学了。

You get used to doing your own business on your own time.

你们必须学会用自己的时间做自己的事。

(24)too ... to do sth.

这是一个简单句的句型,表示“太......而不能做某事”。其中too可以修饰形容词和副词,意思是“太”,后面的to do sth. 是结果状语。例如:

Your brother is too young to go to school.

你弟弟太小还不能去上学。

We are never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。

(25)含有so...that的句型

这是一个复合句的句型,意思是“太…….以至于不能做某事”,与含有too ... to do sth. 是同义句。例如:

I got up so late that I couldn’t catch the first bus.

我起床如此晚以至于我没能赶上第一班公共汽车。

此句也可以改为:

I got up too late to catch the first bus.

我起床太晚了,赶不上第一班公共汽车了。

(26)It +take sb. some time/money +to do sth.

这个句型表示“做某事花费某人的时间或金钱”,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。take的时态要根据句子的具体要求去确定。例如:

It took me two hours to do my homework yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午做家庭作业花了我两个小时。

It will take you one day to clean the room tomorrow.

明天你要花费一天的时间清扫房间。

(27)spend some time/ money +on sth./ (in) doing sth.

这个句型的主语是人,spend的后面可以接时间或钱作宾语,用介词on+名词或in+动名词,表示“某人花费时间或者金钱做某事”,in可以省略。例如:

I spent two hours on my homework last night.

昨天晚上我花了两个小时做作业。

He spends most of his money in traveling around the country.

他把大部分钱都花在周游全国了。

(28)see/ hear/ watch/ sb. do/ doing sth.

这个句型是表示“某人听/看到某人做某事”,这些动词的后面用省略to的动词不定式或现在分词(动词-ing形式)作宾语补足语。用动词原形作宾语补足语时,表示听或看到某人做某事的全过程;用现在分词(动词-ing形式)作宾语补足语时,表示听或看到某人正在做某事。例如:

I saw your father watching TV when I left your home.

当我离开你家的时候看到你的父亲正在看电视。

We saw him put on his coat and go out.

我们看见他穿上大衣出去了。

(29)Thanks for + doing sth.

这个句型是用动名词作for的宾语,表示“因为(某人)做某事而感谢(某人)”,也可用Thank you 代替Thanks。例如:

Thanks for telling me the news. 谢谢你告诉我这个消息。

Thank you for inviting me to your birthday party.

谢谢你邀请我到你的生日宴会。

(30)The +形容词/副词的比较级+主语+谓语,the +形容词/副词的比较级+主语+谓语

这个句型是形容词/副词比较级的叠加用法,表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行增长,意思是“越......,(就)越......”。例如:

The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.

你越小心,出现的问题就越少。

注意:

另两种表示比较的句型:

1)形容词/副词的比较级+and+形容词/副词的比较级

这种句型表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长,意思是“越来越......”。例如:

longer and longer 越来越长;more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮。

2)as+ 形容词/副词的原级+ as...

这个句型表示同级比较,即比较的结果是一样的,在as和as的中间用形容词或副词的原级。在否定句中既可以用not as... as...,也可以用not so... as...,表示前者不如后者。例如:

He is as tall as my brother. 他和我的弟弟一样高。

It is not as/ so warm as it was yesterday. 今天不如昨天暖和。

《中考英语》初中英语语法知识—动词时态的知识点总复习

一、选择题 1.—How much is the ticket (票) to Central Park? —One ticket $40, and you can $80 for two persons. A.costs; pay B.cost; spend C.pay; spend D.spends; pay 2.—Look, Tom's parents look so sad. —Maybe they what's happened. A.knew B.have known C.has known D.will know 3.No noise, please. Your brother ________ his homework in the next room. A.does B.is doing C.did D.has done 4.It ________ heavily when I left the movie theater. A.rains B.was raining C.is raining D.will rain 5.Wang Wei often ________ TV on Sunday evenings, but now he is _______ stories. A.watches; reading B.watching; reads C.looks; reading D.watches; looking 6.My mother _____ dinner when I got home yesterday. A.has cooked B.was cooking C.will cook D.cooks 7.It’s 4:00 p.m. The students _____ in the pool. A.swim B.swam C.swims D.are swimming 8.Which of the following is right? A.He is used to live there. B.My main job is spreading the message about protecting the environment. C.I have borrowed the book from the library for two weeks. D.Kids under 18 are not allowed to drive. 9.My mother will be very angry with me when she out where I have been. A.finds B.found C.will find D.has found 10.Doctor Ray, as well as other scientists __________ trees for nearly 15 years, but they know only a little about them. A.study B.studies C.has studied D.have studied 11.—I'm sorry. There was too much traffic on the road. —Never mind. The meeting________for only 5 minutes. A.has begun B.has stopped C.has been on 12.—How long have you________? —For 10 years, we got married in 2005. A.married B.got married C.been married D.were married 13.Alice always________her notebooks. She is not tidy. A.lose B.lost C.loses D.found 14.When I was young, my mother ___________ by my side all the time. A.stays B.is staying C.stayed D.will stay 15.— Who ________the classroom tomorrow, Tony?

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