语言学术语表

语言学术语表
语言学术语表

语言学术语(英-汉对照)表

Glossary and Index

A

abbreviation 缩写词,略语 3.3.1

Abercrombie 10.3.2

ablative 夺格,离格 4.1.1

abstractness 抽象性 1.3.2

accent 重音(符)2.4.4;正确性 11.6.4

accusative 宾格 4.1.1

achievement test 成绩测试 11.6.3

acoustic phonetics 声学语音学 1.7.1;

acquisition 习得 6.1.2

acronym 缩略语 3.3.1

action process 动作过程 12.2.3

actor 动作者 4.4.2;添加 3.3.2

address form 称呼形式 7.2.3

addressee 受话人;9.4.1

addresser 发话人;9.4.1

adjective 形容词 3.1.2;;修饰成分;附加语 12.2.3 adverb 副词 3.1.2

affix 词缀 3.2.1

affix hopping 词缀跳跃 4.3.1

affixation词缀附加法 7.1.4

affricate 塞擦音 2.4.3;;一致关系 4.1.3

airstream 气流 2

alliteration 头韵 9.3.2;词/语素变体 3.2.4;音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体 2.8.3

allophony音位变体现象 2.8.3

alveolar ridge 齿龈

alveolar 齿龈音 2.4.4;歧义 4.2.2;;;;歧义的 5.5.2;American descriptive linguistics 美国描写语言学American English 美式英语 10.3.5

American Indian languages 美国印第安族诸语言

American structuralism 美国结构主义10.3.2;

analogical creation 类推造字 3.3.1

anapest 抑抑扬格 9.3.3

anaphor 前指替代 4.3.3

anaphoric reference 前指照应 4.3.2

Anderson 6.3.1

Animal communication system 动物交际系统;

animate 有生命的 4.2.1

annotation 注解 10.3.4;先行词;前在词 4.3.2 anthropological 人类学的 12.3.1

anthropological linguistics 人类语言学 1.8.3;coarticulation 逆化协同发音 2.6.1

antonomasia 换称;代类名 7.1.4

antonym 反义词

antonymy 反义(关系) 5.3.2

appellative 称谓性4.4.2

applied linguistics 应用语言学11

applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语言学7.2.4

appropriacy 适宜性11.6.4

appropriateness 适宜性;得体性11.2.5

approximant 无摩擦延续音2.4.3; Apte 7;7.2.1

aptitude test 素质测试11.6.2

Arabic 阿拉伯语3.3.1; arbitrariness 任意性1.3.1;12

argument 中项;中词;主目4.3.3;冠词3.1.2;; articulation 发音

articulator 发音器官 2.4.2; articulatory phonetics 发音语音学1.7.1;

artificial speech 人工言语10

aspect 体4.1.2

aspirated 吐气;送气 2.6.2; assimilation 同化 2.9.1;;;associative 联想 4.2.1

associative meaning 联想意义

assonance 准压韵;半谐音9.3.2; Atkinson, .

attributive 属性;修饰语;定语 4.2.2;

auditory phonetics 听觉语音学 1.7.1;

Austin, John Langshaw ;8.1.2

authentic input 真实投入 11.4.2

authorial style 权威风格 9.4.3

authoring program 编程 10.1.3

autonomy 自主性

auxiliary 助词 3.1.2; auxiliary verb 助动词 3.1.2;

B

babbling stage 婴儿语阶段 12.4.1

back-formation 逆构词法 3.3.1

Bally, Charles

Bar-Hillel 10.2.1

Barnhart & Barnhart 7.1.4

base component 基础部分 4.3.2;。4

Baudouin de Courtenay, Jan 2.8.2

behaver 行为者 12.2.3

behavioural process 行为过程 12.2.3

behaviourism 行为主义 12.3.2; . .

Bennette, James

Bereiter 6.4.2

Berlin,Brent 7.1.2

Berns 7.2.4

Biber, et al 10.3.3

bilabial 双唇音 2.4.4; nasal 双唇鼻音 2.4.5

bilateral opposition 双边对立 12.1.2

bilingualism 双语现象 7.2.3

binary division 二分法 4.2.2

binary feature 二分特征

binary taxonomy 二分分类学

binding 制约 4.3.3;; theory 制约论 4.3.3; English 黑人英语blade 舌叶;舌面前部 2.4.4

blank verse 无韵诗 9.3.4

blending 混成法 3.3.1

Bloch 12.3.2

Bloom 7.1.3

Bloomfield, L. 2.8.2; Franz 2.8.2;; 1.3.2

Bolto 7.2.2

borrowing 借用;借词 3.3.1

bound morpheme 粘着语素 3.2.1

bounding theory 管辖论 4.3.3;括号法 12.4.3

Bransford 6.3.1

Bransford, John

brevity maxim 简洁准则 8.3.2

bridging 架接 8.3.3

Britian, D.

British English 英式英语 10.3.5

broad transcription 宽式音标 2.6.2;词义扩大 3.3.3

Brown corpus 布朗语料库 10.3.2

Burton, Dolores Burton

C

calculability 可计算性 8.2.3

calque 仿造;仿造词语 3.3.1

cancellability 可删除 8.2.3

cardinal numeral 基数 3.1.2

cardinal vowel 基本元音 2.5.2

Carpenter 6.2.5

Carroll, . 11.6.4

Carter and Simpson

case 格 4.1.1

case grammar格语法 12.5.1

case theory格理论 4.3.3;范畴;3.1.2;;;;;;;;

categorical component 范畴成分 4.3.2;使役的;使投动词 8.3.2 CD-I, compact disk-interactive 交互式激光视盘 10.1.3

Cell 12.3.3

center 中心词 4.2.3

central determiner 中心限定词 3.1.2

chain relation 链状关系 4.2.1

chain system 链状系统 12.2.3

Chao,. 2.8.2

Chen

Chinese 汉语 3.3.1;;;;;;

choice 选择 12.2.3

choice system 选择系统 12.2.3

Chomsky, Noam 1.9.4;;;;6;;;;10;;;;;;环境因子 12.2.3 Clahsen,H.

class 词类 3.1.2; shift 词性变换 3.3.3

clause 小句;从句 3.1.1;吸气音;咂音

clipping 截断法 3.3.1

closed class 封闭类 3.1.2

closed syllable 闭音节 2.11.1

cluster 音丛 2.11.1

coarticulation 协同发音;

coda 结尾音节;符尾

code 语码;信码;3.1.2

cognitive psycholinguistics 认知心理语言学 6

cognitive psychology 认知心理学 6.4.1

cognitive system 认知系统 4.3.3

coherence 相关;关联 6.4.2;

cohension 衔接 12.3.3

Cohort theory 6.2.1

co-hyponym 同下义词 5.3.2

colligation 类连结 12.2.2

collocative meaning 搭配意义 12.2.2

color word 色彩词 7.1.2

color word system 色彩词系统 7.1.2

command 指令 1.9.1; core 共核 11.3.3

common noun 普通名词 5.5.2

communication 交际;;

communicative competence 交际能力 1.9.4;;; dynamism, CD 交际性动力 12.1.3

communicative language teaching, CLT 交际语言教学法communicative Sentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式 12.1.3 communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲 11.3.3;

communicative test 交际性测试 11.6.4

communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法 11.3.3 compact disk 激光盘 10.1.3

COMPACT DISD-READ ONLY MEMORY,CD-ROM 激光视盘 10.1.3 comparative degree 比较级 5.3.2

competence 能力 1.9.4;;补语 12.2.3

complementary antonym 互补反义词 5.5.2

complementary antonymy 互补反义关系 5.3.2

complementary distribution 互补分布 2.8.3; predicate 复合谓语 5.5.2

component 成分;3.2.1; analysis 成分分析

composite proposition 复合命题 5.5.2

compositionality 复合性;5.5.2

compound 复合词;复合句;3.2.1;理解 6.1.2

computation 计算 12.4.3

computational linguistics 计算语言学 1.8.4;10 computational system 计算系统 4.3.3

computer 计算机;电脑 10

computer-assisted learning, CAL 计算机辅助学习 10.1.1 computer corpus 计算机语料库 10.3.1

computer hardware 计算机硬件 10.2.1

computer literacy 计算机操作能力 10

computer networks 计算机网络 10..

computer system 计算机系统

computer-assisted instruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学 10.1.1 computer-assisted learning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习

conative 意动的;4.4.2

concept 概念 4.2.1;

conceptual meaning 概念意义;

concord 一致(关系)4.1.3

concordance 共现关系 10.3.3

concrete noun 具体名词 5.5.2

concurrent 同时发生的 11.6.3

conjugation 词形变化 3.3.1

conjunct 连接副词 5.5.2

conjunction 连接词 3.1.2; buttressing 连接词支撑 8.3.3 connotation 内涵 5;;8.3.3

consequent 跟随成分 5.5.2

consonance 辅音韵 9.3.2;辅音 2;3.2.4

constant opposition 不变对立 12.1.2

constative 表述的 8.1.1

constituent command 成分指令 4.3.3

constituent proposition 成分命题 5.5.2

constituent structure analysis 成分结构分析 12.4.3

constituent 成分 3.1.2;;编制 11.6.4

construct validity 编制效度 11.6.3

construction 构建 4.2.2

constructivism 构建主义 11.4.3

contact 接触

content analysis 内容分析 10.4.3

content validity 内容效度 11.6.3

content word 实义词 3.1.2

context dependent 语境依赖的 5.3.1

context of situation 情景语境 7.1.1;;语境 1.7.6;;; analyses 语境分析 12.2.2

contextual meaning 语境意义 8

contrastive analysis 对比分析 11.5.4

control theory 控制理论 4.3.3; language 有控制的语言 10.2.1 convention 常规;规约 1.3.1

conventional meaning 常规意义;规约意义 8.2.3

conventionality 常规性;规约性 1.3.1

conversational implicature 会话含义 8.2.3;

conversational maxim 会话准则 8.3.2; antonymy 相反反义现象5.3.2

conversion 变换 7.1.4

Cook ;11.4.3

cooperative principle, CP 合作原则 1.7.6;;; construction 并列结构 4.2.3

coordination 并列 4.2.1

Corder 11.5.2

coreferential 互参的 4.3.2;;舌面前音

corpus data 语料库语料 10.3.5

corpus (pl. corpora) 语料;素材 10.3.1;; linguistics 语料库语言学

context 上下文;6.2.1

countable 可数(名词) 4.2.1

counterfactual proposition 反事实命题 5.5.2

couplet 对句;对联 9.3.4

creativity 创造性;原创性 1.3.2

Creole 克里澳尔语;混和语 7.2.3

cross-cultural 跨文化 7.1.3

cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际 7.1.1

cross-linguistic 跨语言的 7.1.2

Crystal, David 1.5.5;; 12

culture 文化 7;;7.1.4;文化特异的 7.1.3

curriculum 教学大纲

customizing 定制的 10.1.3

D

dactyl 扬抑抑格 9.3.3

Dani language 达尼语 7.1.2

Darnell 7.1.1

data retrieval, DR 资料检索

database 数据库 12.2.5

dative (case) 与格 4.1.1; movement 与格移动 4.3.1 declarative 陈述句 4.3.1;解码 8.3.1

deductive 演绎的 12.4.7

deep structure 深层结构 4.3.1;;消除可行性 8.2.3

definite 有定的 3.1.2; data 无用的语料 12.4.1

deixis 指称 9.4.1

DeKeyser 11.4.1

deletion rule 12.4.5

delicacy 精密阶 10.2.3

Dell 6.4.1

denotation 外延;指称 5;8.3.3

dental 齿音 2.4.4;齿音化 2.9.1;衍生 3.2.3

derivational affix. 衍生词汇 3.2.1

derivational morphology 派生形态学 3.2.3

description 描写 1.9.1;;; adequacy 描写充分性 12.4.2 descriptive linguistics 描写语言学

design feature 结构特征

determiner 限定词 3.1.2;;;; grammar 发展语法 12.4.1 deviant 变体 9.2.1

deviation 偏离;变异 1.9.4

devoicing 清音化 2.9.1; linguistics 历时语言学 12 diachronic 历时的 1.9.2;附加符号;变音符 2.3.2; test 诊断

性测试 11.6.2

dialect 方言

dialectology 方言学 7.2.2;对话 9.5.1

dictionary 词典 5.5.2; sound 数字化语音 10.1.3

dimetre 二音步诗行 9.3.3

diphthong 二合元音;双元音 2.5.2;; object 直接宾语 6.2.4;;speech, DS 直接言语 9.4.2

direct thought, DT 直接思想 9.4.2

directionality 方向性 7.1.4

discourse 语篇;话语;9.4.1; analysis 语篇分析;话语分析7.2.3; interpretation 语篇理解

discovery procedure (12.3.3)

discrete 分离的;离散的 1.3.2

discrete-point grammar 离散语法

discrete point test 分立性测试 11.6.4

disjunction 分离关系 5.5.2

displacement 移位 1.3.2

dissimilation 异化(作用) 3.2.4

distinctive feature 区别性特征

distinguisher 辩义成分 5.5.2

distribution 分布 3.1.2; rule do 添加规则 12.4.3

domain 范围;领域 1.7.1;;;舌背音;舌中音

dorsum 舌背(音)

double comparative 双重比较 3.2.3

Doughty 11.4.1

Downes 7.1.1

download 下载 10.2.4

drama 戏剧

drill-and-practice software 操练软件 10.1.3

D-structure D结构 4.3.3

dual 双数 4.1.1; view 二分观点 7.2.1;二重性 1.3.2 Durkheim,E 12

E

early Modern English 早期现代英语 9.5.1

economy 经济性;简洁性 8.3.2;爆发音

electronic mail 电子邮件 10.2.4

Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语 9.5.1

ellipsis 省略(法)12.4.3

elliptical sentence structure 省略句子结构9.4.2

Ellis, J. 2.5.2;; element 嵌入成分 9.2.1

emic 位学的 1.9.5

emotive 感情的;1.5.4;强调 3.1.2

empirical 经验主义的 12.3.3

empirical data 经验主义的语料 10.3.5

empirical validity 经验效度 11.6.3

empiricism 经验主义 12.4.1

empty category, EC 空范畴 12.4.6

enabling skills 使成技能化 11.6.4

encoding 编码 8.3.1

end rhyme 末端韵 9.3.6

endocentric construction 内向结构 4.3.3;蕴涵;8.2.3 entry condition 入列条件 12.2.3

epenthesis 插音;增音 2.9.2;

equipollent opposition 均等对立 12.1.2

equivalence 相等 5.5.2

equivalence reliability 相等信度 11.6.3

error analysis 错误分析

EST 科技英语 12.4.6

ethnicity identity 民族认同 7.2.2

ethnography of communication 交际民族学 7.1.1

etic 非位的;素的 1.9.5

evaluation 评估 12.4.2;; process 事件过程 12.2.3

example-based machine translation 基于例句的机器翻译 10.2.2 exchange error 交换错误 6.4.1

exchange sequence 交际序列 9.5.1

exchange structure 交际结构 9.5.1

exhaustive 穷尽的;彻底的 12.4.3

existent 存在物 12.2.3

existential 存在句 4.4.2

existential process 存在过程 12.2.3

existential quantifier 存在数量词 5.5.2

exocentric 外向的 3.2.3

exocentric construction 外向结构 4.2.3;经验的 4.4.2 experiential function 经验功能 12.2.3

experimental psycholinguistics 实验心理语言学 6

explanatory adequacy 解释充分性 12.4.2

explicit grammar instruction, EGI 明显的语法教学法expression minimization 表达最底程度 8.3.3

expressive 表达的 1.5.4; standard theory, EST 扩展标准理论12.4.5

extensive 引申的;扩展的 12.2.3

extent-condition format 程度条件格式 8.3.1

external evaluation 外部评估 11.3.2;

external qualifier 外部修饰语 5.5.2

extrinsic sources of error 外在的错误来源 11.6.3

eye movement 眼部移动 6.2.5

F

face validity 卷面效度 11.6.3

facilitation 便利;促进 11.5.4

Fasold 7.1.2;;可行性 11.2.5

feature 特征 5.5.2

feedback 反馈 10.4.2

felicity condition 适宜性条件;恰当条件 8.1.1

feminine 阴性 10.3.5

fiction 小说 9.4.4; language 比喻性语言;象征性语言 9.2.2 figures of speech 修辞手段;修辞格 9.4.4

Fillmore, . 12.5.1

finite element 有定成分 12.2.3

finite 有定的;有限的 4.4.2

finite state grammar 有限状态语法 12.4.3

Firbas, J. 12.1.3

first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者 9.4.1

Firth, . 7.1.1;

Firthian phonology 弗斯音系学 12.2.3

Fishman 7.1.1

flap 闪音 2.4.3

flexibility 灵活性;变通性 11.6.4

floppy disk 软盘 10.1.2

Flower 6.4.2

focus 焦点;中心 2.9.2

Fodor 5.2.2

folk etymology 俗词源学;民间词源 3.3.3

foregrounded features 突出特征 9.4.4

foregrounding 突出;前景话 9.2.1; language teaching 外语教学 11

form 形式 3.1.1;;;11;; difference 形式差异 12.3.1 formalization 形式化 12.3.3;形成

formative 构形成分;构词成分 3.2.1

free form 自由形式 3.1.2

free indirect speech, FIS 自由间接言语 9.4.2

free indirect thought, FIT 自由间接思想 9.4.2

free morpheme 自由语素 3.2.1; root morpheme 自由词根语素3.2.2

free variant 自由变体 2.8.3

free verse 自由韵文 9.3.4

French 法语;4.1.1;; effect 频率效应 6.2.1

Freud 12

fricative (摩)擦音 2.4.3;;摩擦 2.4.3

front 舌面前;舌前的 2.5.1

fully automatic high quality translation, FAHQT 全自动高质量翻译 10.2.1

function word 功能词 3.1.2

function 功能;;4.4.2

functional grammar 功能语法 11.3.3; linguistics 功能语言学11.2.4

functional sentence perspective, FSP 功能句子观 12.1.3 functions of language 语言功能 12.2.3

fusion 溶合 3.3.1

fuzzy 模糊的 10.3.5

G

Gao 7.1.4

Garrett 6.4.1;; difference 性别差异 7.2.3

gender 4.1.1;; linguistics 普通语言学 12.3.3

generalisation 概括 1.3.2;

generative grammar 生成语法;12.4.6

generative semantics 生成语言学 12.5.1

genitive 属格;所有格 4.1.1

genre 体裁;语类 9.4.1;德语 3.1.2; (information) 已给信息4.4.2;; task 整体任务 11.6.4

glottal 喉音 2.4.4; stop 喉塞音

goal 目标 12.2.3

Gomulicki 6.3.2

government theory 支配理论 12.4.6

government 支配;4.1.3;; analysis 语法分析 4.4.1 grammatical function ;4.2.3;

grammatical structure 语法结构 11.2.2

gradable antonymy 分等级的反义关系 5.3.2

gradual opposition 渐次对立 12.1.2

grammar 语法 3.1.1;;;;; category 语法范畴 12.3.3 grammatical concept 语法概念 12.3.1

grammatical description 语法描写 12.4.3

grammatical form 语法形式 9.2.1

grammatical marker 语法标记 5.5.2

grammatical meaning 语法意义 3.1.2; organization 语法组成9.4.4

grammatical pattern 语法类型 11.2.2

grammatical process 语法过程 12.3.1

grammatical rule 语法规则 8.3.3

grammatical sentence pattern, GSP 语法句形 12.1.3 grammatical structure 语法结构 9.2.1;; subject 语法主语4.4.2

grammatical system 语法系统 12.3.1

grammatical word 语法词 3.1.2; form 文字形式 2.3.2

Greek 希腊语 3.3.1;4;;; et al 7.1.2

Gregersen 7.2.2

Grice 8;;8.2.2;; maxim Grice准则 8.3.1;词组 12.2.3 guttural 腭音

H

half-rhyme 半韵 9.3.6

Hall, R. ;12.3.3

Halle, Morris 12.5.1

Halliday, 4.4.2;;10;;;; palate 硬腭;2.4.4

Harris 7.2.1

Hartley

Hatzfeld, Helmet

Hayes 6.4.2

head 中心词;中心成分 4.2.3

headed construction 中心结构 4.2.3

heptameter 七音步诗行 9.3.3

hierarchical structure 等级结构 4.2.2

hierarchical system 等级系统 12.4.3

hierarchy 等级体系 1.3.2;;; 10.1.3

high 高(元音)2.5.1

Hill, A 12.3.3

historical linguistics 历史语言学 1.9.1; Charles 2.8.2;;3;

10.3.5

holophrastic stage 单词句阶段 12.4.1

homonym 同音/形异议词 12.2.1

Hopi Hopi语 7.1.1; relation 链状关系 4.2.1

Horn scale 霍恩阶 8.3.3

Horn, Lawrence 8.3.2

Householder 8.3.2

Hu

Huang, Yan 8.3.3

human cognitive system 人类认知系统 12.4.2

human language 人类语言;12.4.1

human speech 人类言语 6.4.1

human translation 人译;10.2.6

Humboldt, Wilhelm 7.1.1

Hutchins 10.1.3

Hymes, D. H. 1.9.3;;;矫枉过正 11.5.4

hyponym 下义词 5.3.2;

hyponymy 下义关系 5.3.3

hypothesis 假设 11.2.3

hypothesis-deduction 假设-演绎 12.4.2

I

iamb 抑扬格 9.3.3

iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行 9.3.3

IC analysis 直接成分分析法 4.2.2; (intelligent CALL) 智能计算机辅助语言学习 10.1.2

ideational (function) 概念功能;4.4.2;认同的 12.2.3

idiom 成语;习语 2.1.3;习语支配的 7.1.3

ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子 12.4.4

illocutionary act 话中行为;施为性行为 8.1.2

illocutionary force 言外作用;施为作用 8.1.2

imaginative (function) 想象功能;12.2.3

immediacy assumption 即时假定 6.2.5

immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法 4.2.2; rule 祈使规则 12.4.4

imperative 祈使语气;命令的 4.4.2

implicate 意含 8.2.2;蕴涵;含义 5.5.2;;; connective 蕴涵连接 5.5.2

implicature 含义;言外之意 7.1.3;

implied meaning 蕴涵意义 8.2.1

implosive 内破裂音;内爆音

inanimate 无生命的 4.2.1

inclusiveness relation 内包意义

indefinite 不定的,无定的 3.1.2

indicative 陈述式;陈述语气 4.4.2

indirect object 间接宾语 6.2.4;

indirct speech, IS 间接言语 9.4.2

indirect thought, IT 间接思想 9.4.2

Indo-European languages 印欧语言 1.9.3;;推论;推理 5.5.2;;;drawing 推论 6.3.1

inferential communication 推论交际 8.3.1

infinitive不定式 3.1.2;中缀 3.2.1

inflection 屈折(变化)3.1.2; affix 屈折词缀 3.2.1

inflectional morphology 屈折形态学 3.2.3

inflective endings 屈折结尾 3.1.2

information retrieval 信息检索 1.8.4;

information structure 信息结构 10.4.3

informative (function) 信息功能 1.5.1;先天性 12.4.7 innateness hypothesis (语法)天赋假设 12.4.1

input 输入 10.4.2;; hypothesis 语言输入说 11.4.2 instrumental (function) 工具功能;12.2.3

integrative test 综合性测试 11.6.4

intensifier 强调成分 7.2.2

intensive 强调的;增强的 12.2.3

interactional (function) 交互功能;12.2.3

interdental 齿间音 2.4.4

interface 界面 1.8.4

interference 干扰 11.5.4

interjection 感叹词;3.1.3;中介语 11.4.3;国际语 10.2.2 interlingual approach 语际法 10.2.2

interlocutor 会话者 8.1.2

internal evaluation 内部评估 11.3.2; structure 内部结构4.2.2

international phonetic alphabet, IPA 国际音标;2.3.2;互联网 10.2.4

interpersonal 人际的;4.4.2

interpersonal function 人际功能;1.5.2;解释 12.4.7 interrogative sentence 疑问句 4.4.2;;语调

intra-linguistic relation 语言内关系

intransitive 不及物的 4.3.2

intrinsic sources of error 错误的内源 11.6.3

invariable word 不变词 3.1.2

invention 新创词语 3.3.1

inversion 倒置,倒装 3.1.2

IPA chart 国际音标图 2.4.4; symbol 国际音标符号 2.8.3

irony 讽刺;反话 9.4.2

isolated opposition 孤立对立 12.1.2

Italian 意大利语 3.3.1

J

Jakobson, Roman ;4.4.2

Japanese 日语 3.3.1;;黑话;行语

Jesperson, Otto 2.3.2; & Johnson 10

Johnson

Jones, Daniel 2.3.2;;; John 4.3.2; 6.4.2

Kay, Paul 7.1.2; and Graeme

Kenyon, . 2.5.3

kernel sentence 核心句 12.4.3

keyword关键词 10.4.3

Kintsch 6.3.2

Kjelmer 10.3.5

Knott,T.A. 2.5.3

knowledge 知识 6.4.2; information 已知信息 12.1.3 Krashen 11.4.2

Kruszewski, Mikolaj 2.8.2

Kuno, Susumo 4.3.3

L

label 标示;标记 4.2.2

labial 唇音

labiodental 唇齿音 2.4.4; William 7.2.2

Ladefoged 2.5.3

Lado 11.6.3

Lakoff 7.2.2; & Johnson 7.1.3

Lancaster

language 语言 1;6;;;10;12.3.1

language acquisition device, LAD 语言习得机制 12.4.1 language attitude 语言态度 7.2.3

language choice 语言选择 7.2.3

language comprehension 语言理解;;

language data 语言素材 10

language learning 语言学习;11;;7.2.4

language maintenance 语言维护 7.2.3

language processing 语言处理 6.3.1;

language structure 语言结构 12.4.7

language system 语言系统;12.4.1

language teaching 语言教学 7.1.4;;11;; universal 语言普遍性 12.4.1

language use 语言使用 7.1.1;语言(系统) 1.9.3;

larynx 喉头

lateral 边音;旁流音 2.4.3;拉丁语 3.1.2;;;;; grammar 拉丁语法 1.9.1;; vowel 松元音 2.5.3

Leech, G. 5;10.3.2;长度;音长 2.1.2;;; G. C. 12.3.3 letter 字母 2.3.1

level 层,级,平面 1.3.2

Levinson, Stephen 8.3.3

lexeme 词位;词素 3.1.1

lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义 6.2.2

lexical change 词汇变化()

lexical level 词汇层 12.2.2

lexical meaning 词汇意义 3.1.2; morphology 词汇形态学 3.2.3 lexical studies 词汇研究 10.3.5

lexical word 词汇词 3.1.2

lexicogrammar 词汇语法 3.1.1;;词汇;词典 3.2.3;;;;词9.2.3;连音;连续 3.1.4

limerick 打油诗 9.3.4

line 诗行 9.3.6

linear phonology 线性音系学

linear structure 线形结构 4.2.2

linguistic university 语言普遍性 7.1.2

linguistic behaviour 语言行为 12.2.3

linguistic behaviour potential 语言行为潜势 12.2.3

linguistic competence 语言能力 11.2.3;;; context 语言语境;上下文 12.2.2

linguistic data 语言素材10.3.1;description 语言描写12.3.2; determinism 语言决定论 7.1.1

linguistic facts 语言事实 12.4.3

linguistic relativity 语言相对性 7.1.1

linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视 7.2.2

linguistic structure 语言结构 12.2.3; theory 语言理论linguistic unit 语言单位 12.2.3

linguistic universal 语言普遍性 10.2.2;; variation 语言变异7.2.2;语言学 1;4;11;12.3.1; rounding 圆唇化 2.5.1;language 本义语言 9.2.2; stylistics 文学文体学 9

loan translation 翻译借词

loanblend 混合借词 3.3.1

loanshift 转移借词 3.3.1

loanword 借词 3.3.1

local area networks, LAN 局域网 10.1.3

locutionary act 发话行为,表述性言语行为 8.1.2

logical component 逻辑成分 12.4.5

logical connective 逻辑连词5.5.2

logical form component 逻辑式成分 4.3.3

logical form representation 逻辑式表达 12.4.5

logical formula 逻辑公式 5.5.2

logical function 逻辑功能 12.2.3

logical semantics 逻辑语义学 5.5.2

logical structure 逻辑结构 5.5.2

logical subject 逻辑主语 4.4.2

logophoricity 词照应 4.3.3

London School 伦敦学派;12.2.3

Long & Robinson 11.4.1

long vowed 长元音 2.11.1;; of sound 语音脱落 3.3.2 loudness 响度

low 底;下 2.5.1

Luhn 10.4.3

Luo Changpei 12.2.3

Lyons, John ;5.5.2

M

machine translation 机器翻译 1.8.4;;宏观语言学macroproposition 宏观命题 6.3.2

macrostructure 宏观结构 6.3.2

main clause 主句 12.2.3

Malinowski, Bronislaw 1.5.5;;; symbiosis 人机共生 10.2.1 manner maxim 方式准则 8.2.1

manner of articulation 发音方式 2.4.3;标记的 5.3.2;;;阳

性 10.3.5

matalinguistic 元语言学的 4.4.2

material (process) 物质过程 4.4.2;principles 数学原理12.4.3

Mathesius, V. 12.1.1

maxim 准则 8.2.2

maximal onset principle 最大节首辅音原则 2.11.3

McArthur, Tom 10.3.1

McCawley, J. 8.3.2; potential 意义潜势 7.1.1;; shift 转移3.3.3

meaning 意义 1.3.2;;;;8;;;;; (processs) 思维过程;心理过程4.4.2;心灵主义 12.4.7

message 信息;9.4.1

Mesthrie 7.2.2

metafunction 元功能 11.2.4;;

metalinguistic 元语言的;8.3.2

metaphor 隐喻 7.1.3;换位(作用) 3.3.2

metonymy 换喻;转喻 9.2.2

metre 韵律

metrical patterning 韵律格式 9.3.3

microcomputer 微机 10

microprocessor 微处理器 10

mid 中(元音) 2.5.1; Louis

Milroy 7.2.2

mind 思维 6

minimal attachment theory 最少接触理论 6.2.3

minimal pair 最小对立体 2.8.1; program 12.4.6

minimum free form 最小自由形式 3.1.2; maxim 镜像准则 8.3.3 mistake 错误 11.5.1

modal subject 语气主语 4.4.2

modal verb 情态动词 12.2.3

modality 情态 12.2.3

modern French 现代法语 9.5.1

modification 修饰 4.3.2;;;修饰语 4.2.3

monomorphemic 单语素的 3.2.1

monophonemic 单音位的 3.2.4

英语语言学名词

现代语言学 一绪论 1 Linguisitics: 语言学Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language 2 Phonetics: 语音学The study of sounds which are used in linguistics communication is called phonetics. For example, vowels and consonants 元音、辅音、声调、重音以及节奏、音变 3 Phonology: 音韵学The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. For example, phone, phoneme, and allophone. 4 Morphology: 形态学The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology. For example, boy and “ish”---boyish, teach---teacher. 5 Syntax: 句法学The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax. For example, ”John like linguistics.” 6 Semantics: 语义学The study of meaning in language is called semantics. For example: “The seal could not be found. The zoo keeper became worried. The seal could not be found, The king became worried.” Here the word seal means different things. 同义词、反义词,同音词 7 Pragmatics: 语用学The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics. For example, “I do” The word do means different context.在特定情景中的特定话语,研究如何通过语境来理解和使用语言。 8 Sociolinguistics: 社会语言The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics. For example:regional dialects, social variation in language.

语言学名词解释(20200524011933)

语言学名词解释 Define the following terms: 1. design feature:are features that define our human languages,such as arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,etc. 2. function: the use of language tocommunicate,to think ,https://www.360docs.net/doc/b68170471.html,nguage functions inclucle imformative function,interpersonal function,performative function,interpersonal function,performative function,emotive function,phatic communion,recreational function and metalingual function. 3. etic: a term in contrast with emic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.Being etic mans making far too many, as well as behaviously inconsequential,differentiations,just as was ofter the case with phonetic vx.phonemic analysis in linguistics proper. 4. emic: a term in contrast with etic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.An emic set of speech acts and events must be one that is validated as meaningful via final resource to the native members of a speech communith rather than via qppeal to the investigator’s ingenuith or intuition alone. 5. synchronic: a kind of description which takes a fixed instant(usually,but not necessarily,the present),as its point of observation.Most grammars are of this kind. 6. diachronic:study of a language is carried through the course of its history. 7. prescriptive: the study of a language is carried through the course of its history. 8. prescriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are prescribed how ought to be,https://www.360docs.net/doc/b68170471.html,ying down rules for language use. 9. descriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are just described. 10. arbitrariness: one design feature of human language,which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. 11. duality: one design feature of human language,which refers to the property of having two levels of are composed of elements of the secondary.level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. 12. displacement: one design feature of human language,which means human language enable their users to symbolize objects,events and concepts which are not present c in time and space,at the moment of communication. 13. phatic communion: one function of human language,which refers to the social interaction of language. 14. metalanguage: certain kinds of linguistic signs or terms for the analysis and description of particular studies. 15. macrolinguistics: he interacting study between language and language-related disciplines such as psychology,sociology,ethnograph,science of law and artificial intelligence etc.Branches of macrolinguistics include

英汉语言学词汇对照表

英汉语言学词汇对照表 abbreviation ablative abrupt accent accusative acoustic phonetics acquisition action verb active active chart parser active knowledge active verb actor-action-goal actualization acute address adequacy adjacency pair adjective adjunct adjunction adverb adverbial idiom affective affirmative affix affixation affricate agent agentive-action verb agglutinative agreement AI (artificial intelligence) AI language Algebraic Linguistics algorithm alienable alignment allo- allomorph allophone alpha notation alphabetic writing alternation 缩写[省略语 ] 夺格 (的) 突发音 口音 /{Phonetics} 重音 受格(的) 声学语音学 习得 动作动词 主动语态 活动图句法剖析程序 主动知识 主动动词 施事 (者)-动作 -目标 实现 (化) 锐音 地址 { 信息科学 }/ 称呼(语) { 语言学 } 妥善性 邻对 形容词 附加语[ 附加修饰语 ] 加接 副词 副词词组 影响的 肯定(的;式) 词缀 加缀 塞擦音 施事 施事动作动词 胶着(性) 对谐 人工智能[人工智能 ] 人工智能语言[人工智能语言 ] 代数语言学 算法[算法 ] 可分割的 对照 [多国语言文章词;词组;句子翻译的 ] 同位 - 同位语素 同位音位 alpha 标记 拼音文字 交替

语言学术语

acronym: is made up from the first letters of the name of an organization, which has a heavily modified headword. affix: the collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme (the root or stem). Allophone: any of the different forms of a phoneme(e g. [t h] is an allophone of /t/ in English. When /t/ occurs in words like step, it is unaspirated [t]. Both [t h] and t] are allophones of the phoneme /t/. applied linguistics: applications of linguistics to the study of second and foreign language learning and teaching, and other areas such as translation, the compiling of dictionaries, etc. arbitrariness: one design feature of human language, which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. articulatory phonetics: the study of production of speech sounds. assimilation: the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound, which is more specifically called “contact”or “contiguous” assimilation. assimilation theory: language (sound, word, syntax, etc) change or process by which features of one element change to match those of another that precedes or follows. back-formation: an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. blending: a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial pars of the two words. bound morpheme: an element of meaning which is structurally dependent on the world it is added to, e. g. the plural morpheme in dogˊ s. broad and narrow transcription: the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription; the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription; while, the use of more specific symbols to show more phonetic detail is referred to as narrow transcription. category: parts of speech and function, such as the classification of words in terms of parts of speech, the identification of terms of parts of speech, the identification of functions of words in term of subject, predicate, etc. creativity:by creativity we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness. One of the reasons why language is actually a far more complicated entity than traffic lights is that we can use it to create new meanings. concord: also known as agreement, is the requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntaetic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some categories. coarticulation: a kind of phonetic process in which simultaneous or overlapping articulations are involved. Coarticulation can be further divided into anticipatory coarticulation and perseverative coarticulation. compound: Polymorphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes, such as classroom, blackboard, snowwhite, etc. complementary

语言学专业英语词汇

英语专业八级语言学总结来源:谢萌Fighting的日志 一、语言和语言学 1、语言的区别性特征:Design of features of language 任意性arbitrariness 指语言符号和它代表的意义没有天然的联系 二重性duality 指语言由两层结构组成 创造性creativity 指语言可以被创造 移位性displacement 指语言可以代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、时间、观点 2、语言的功能(不是很重要) 信息功能informative 人际功能interpersonal 施为功能performative 感情功能emotive function 寒暄功能phatic communication 娱乐功能recreational function 元语言功能metalingual function 3、语言学主要分支 语音学phonetics 研究语音的产生、传播、接受过程,考查人类语言中的声音 音位学phonology 研究语音和音节结构、分布和序列 形态学morphology 研究词的内部结构和构词规则 句法学syntax 研究句子结构,词、短语组合的规则 语义学semantics 不仅关心字词作为词汇的意义,还有语言中词之上和之下的意义。如语素和句子的意义 语用学pragmatics 在语境中研究意义 4、宏观语言学macrolingustics 心理语言学psycholinguistics 社会语言学sociolinguistics 人类语言学anthropological li nguistics 计算机语言学computational linguistics 5语言学中的重要区别 规定式和描写式:规定式:prescriptive说明事情应该是怎么样的 描写式:descriptive 说明事情本来是怎么样的 共时研究和历时研究:共时:synchronic 研究某个特定时期语言 历时:diachronic 研究语言发展规律 语言和言语:语言:langue指语言系统的整体 言语:parole指具体实际运用的语言 语言能力和语言运用:乔姆斯基(chomsky提出) 能力:competence用语言的人的语言知识储备 运用:performance 真实的语言使用者在实际中的语言使用 二、语音学 1、语音学分支 发音语音学articulatory phonetics研究语言的产生 声学语言学acoustic phonetics 研究语音的物理属性 听觉语音学auditory phonetics 研究语言怎样被感知 2 IPA(国际音标)是由daniel Jones琼斯提出的 三、音位学

胡壮麟语言学术语英汉对照翻译表-(1)(DOC)

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