高三阅读训练2
高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解训练1高三全册英语试题_2 (2)
入舵市安恙阳光实验学校江苏2017高考英语一轮阅读理解训练2016高考模拟题。
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Death Valley is a land of beautiful yet dangerous extremes．Death Valley can be dangerously cold during the winter months． Storms in the mountains can produce sudden flooding on the floor of the Valley．The air temperature during the summer has been as high as fifty- seven degrees Celsius． The sun can heat the ground so that the temperature of the rocks and soil can be as high as seventy -four degrees Celsius. Death Valley contains evidence of several ancient volcanoes that caused huge explosions． Evidence of one of these explosions is called Ubehebe Crater． The explosion left a huge hole in the ground almost a kilometer and a half wide． In many areas of Death Valley it is easy to see where the ground has been pushed up violently by movement deep in the Earth． This movement has created unusual and beautiful rock formations． Some are red． Others are dark brown, gray, yellow or black．The area was named by a woman in 1849． Thousands of people from other parts of the country traveled Lo the gold mining areas in California． They Were in a hurry to get there before other people did．One group trying to reach California decided to take a path called the Old Spanish Trail． By December they had reached Death Valley．They did not have to survive the terrible heat of summer, hut there was still an extreme lack of water．There were few plants for their work animals to eat．The people could not find a pass through the call mountains to the west of the Valley, Slowly, they began co suffer from a lack of food．To survive, they killed their work animals for food and began to walk out of the Valley． As they left, one Woman looked back and said, "Good -bye, death valley．” The na me has never been changed．Almost everyone who visits Death Valley visits a huge house called Scotty' s Castle．The building design is Spanish, with high thick walls to provide protection from the fierce heat．The castle is named for Walter Scott , called Scotty． by his friends． He was a gold miner．He told everyone that he built the house with money he made from his gold mine, Many people believed him．But it was not really the truth．1．The first two paragraphs discuss Death Valley' s ． A． geography B． climateC． location D． Size2．The woman who named Death Valley intended to ．plants for animalsC．experience the terrible heat of summer D．look for gold inCalifornia3．If the passage continues, it will be about .A．the truth about Scotty's Castle B．why Spanish builtthe castleC．when the castle was built D．where the castle lies in1.B段落大意题。
高考英语 阅读理解训练题(4) (2)
落堕市安心阳光实验学校2014高考英语阅读理解训练题（4）附答案I don't ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it's like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.At 19, when I began studying astrophysics(天体物理学), it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as 3 post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don't talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn't want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don't study sociology or political theory.Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women's college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer: 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don't dismiss those concerns. Still, I don't tell them "war" stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that's a sight worth talking about.9. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute(归因于) the author's failures to_____.A. the very fact that she is a womanB. her involvement in gender politicsC. her over-confidence as a female astrophysicistD. the burden she bears in a male-dominated society10. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?A. Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.B. Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.C. People's stereotyped attitude towards female scientists.D. Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurture11. Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about herclass?A. Female students no longer have to worry about gender issues.B. Her students' performance has brought back her confidence.C. Her female students can do just as well as male students.D. More female students are pursuing science than before.12. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?A. Women students needn't have the concerns of her generation.B. Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.C. Women can balance a career in science and having a family.D. Women now have fewer discrimination problems about science career.（C篇）ACDC********************************************************结束社会生活类---[2012·上海卷](C)Researchers in the psychology department at the University ofCalifornia at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference inthe way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain whymen are more likely to suffer from stressrelated disorders.Until now, psychological research has maintained that both menand women have the same “fightorflight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in thefightorflight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females (“befriend”)．Scientists have long known that in the fightorflight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tendorbefriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete (分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stressrelated disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tendandbefriend regulatory (调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to ________.A. turn to friends for helpB. solve a conflict calmlyC. find an escape from realityD. seek comfort from children73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.74. What can be learned from the passage?A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. How men and women get over stressB. How men and women suffer from stressC. How researchers overcome stress problemsD. How researchers h andle stressrelated disorders【要点综述】本文主要介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因以及如何克服压力。
高中高三文言文阅读专项训练及答案(精选)
高中高三文言文阅读专项训练及答案(精选)一、高中文言文阅读1．阅读下面的文言文，完成下面小题。
赵莹，华阴人也。
梁龙德中，始解褐为康延孝从事。
后唐同光中，延孝镇陕州，会庄宗伐蜀，命延孝为骑将。
将行，留莹监修金天神祠。
功既集忽梦神召于前亭待以优礼谓莹曰公富有前程所宜自爱因遗一剑一笏觉而骇异明宗即位，以高祖为陕府两使留后，莹时在郡，以前官谒之，一见如旧相识，即奏署管记。
高祖历诸镇皆从之，累使阙下，官至御史大夫，赐金紫。
初，莹为从事，丁母忧，高祖不许归，以粗縗随幕，人或短之。
及入相，以敦让汲引为务。
监修国史日，以唐代故事残缺，署能者居职，纂补实录及修正史二百卷行于时，莹首有力焉。
少帝嗣位，拜守中书令。
明年，检校太尉本官，出为晋昌军节度使。
是时，天下大蝗，境内捕蝗者获蝗一斗，给粟一斗，使饥者获济，远近嘉之。
及契丹陷京城，契丹主迁少帝于北塞，莹与冯玉、李彦韬俱从。
契丹永康王代立，授莹太子太保。
周广顺初，遣尚书左丞田敏报命于契丹，遇莹于幽州。
莹得见华人，悲怅不已，谓田敏曰：“老身漂零寄于此，近闻室家丧逝，弱子无恙，蒙中朝皇帝倍加存恤，东京旧第本属公家，亦闻优恩特给善价，老夫至死无以报效。
”于是南望稽首，涕泗横流。
未几，莹卒于幽州，时年六十七。
莹初被疾，遣人祈告于契丹主，愿归骨于南朝，使羁魂幸复乡里。
契丹主闵而许之。
及卒，遣其子易从、家人数辈护丧而还，仍遣大将送至京师。
周太祖感叹久之，诏赠太傅，仍赐其子绢五百匹，以备丧事，令归葬于华阴故里。
（节选自《旧五代史·赵莹传》）（1）下列对文中画线部分的断句，正确的一项是（）A. 功既集/忽梦神召于前亭/待以优礼/谓莹曰/公富有/前程所宜自爱/因遗一剑一笏/觉而骇异/B. 功既集/忽梦/神召于前亭待以优礼/谓莹曰/公富有/前程所宜自爱/因遗一剑一笏/觉而骇异/C. 功既集/忽梦神召于前亭/待以优礼/谓莹曰/公富有前程/所宜自爱/因遗一剑一笏/觉而骇异/D. 功既集/忽梦/神召于前亭待以优礼/谓莹曰/公富有前程/所宜自爱/因遗一剑一笏/觉而骇异/（2）下列对文中划线词语的相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是（）A. 解褐，指脱去平民衣服，始任官职。
科技说明文高三语文阅读训练含答案详析
科技说明文-高三语文阅读训练含答案详析一、阅读下面的文字,完成1-3题;航天飞机在布放卫星、发射航天器、观天测地、进行材料科学和生命科学的实验等方面,发挥了重要作用,但它有不尽如人意的地方;航天飞机是由轨道器、固体火箭助推器和外贮燃料箱三大部分组成的;由于航天飞机是以发射火箭的方式发射,又以轨道器绕轨道运行的方式在空间执行任务,再以飞机的方式降落的,因此航天飞机不仅需要大型的设施,还需要有约4000—5000个工作人员来为其服务；当航天飞机进入轨道之前,必须把火箭助推器和外贮燃料箱抛掉,抛掉的费用约占发射费用的42%,而且,它的发射准备工作时间长,每月最多只能发射两次;由此可见,要大幅降低发射成本和使用费用,就必须研制性能更加理想的航天运输工具;人们从普通的航空飞机那里得到了启示：在大气层中飞行时,飞机不携带氧化剂,充分利用空气中的氧,这样可以大大减轻飞机重量;能不能把航天飞机与航空飞机结合在一起呢于是一种新的设想即航空航天飞机简称空天飞机出现了：它既能在大气层中像航空飞机那样利用大气层中的氧飞行,又能像航天飞机那样在大气层外利用自行携带的氧化剂飞行;空天飞机是一种可以在普通机场水平起降、可以重复太空与地面之间往返的飞行器;这是一种将航空航天技术有机结合在一起的新型飞行器;它能像普通飞机那样从地面起飞,以高超音速在大气层内飞行,在30—1300千米高空飞行速度可达12—25倍音速,并直接加速进入地球轨道,成为航天器;它可以完全重复使用,大幅度降低费用;据估计,其费用可能降到目前航天飞机的十分之一;现在,美、英、德、法、日等国投入了大量的人力财力研制空天飞机;英国航空及航天公司与着名的罗依斯——罗尔斯公司正在加紧研制一种名为“霍托尔”的空天飞机;目前已进入包括风洞试验和发动机鉴定在内的概念论证阶段;按设想,“霍托尔”起飞后靠吸气发动机加速至5倍音速,升至2.6万米高空时,开动火箭发动机,将其推入地球轨道作太空飞行;“霍托尔”的研究费用预计达50亿美元;1．下列对航天飞机“不尽如人意”的表述,最准确的一项是A．需要大型的设施和大量的工作人员为其发射服务;B．发射的费用高,准备时间长;C．进入轨道前抛掉火箭助推器和外贮燃料箱;D．抛掉部分的费用占去了整个发射费用的42%,增加了发射成本;2．下列对空天飞机特点的理解,错误的一项是A．空天飞机在大气层中飞行时,不消耗氧化剂,所以可以轻装上阵;B．空天飞机可以在普通机场上起降,这就降低了其发射成本;C．空天飞机可以利用大气层中的氧气飞行,并利用吸气发动机直接加速进入地球轨道; D．空天飞机可以整体重复使用,大幅度降低了费用;3．下列对航天飞机与空天飞机的比较,不正确的一项是A．空天飞机也像航天飞机一样,以轨道器绕道运行方式在空间执行任务;B．航天飞机与空天飞机的发射方式不同,降落方式也不同;C．空天飞机也像航天飞机一样,在大气层外要使用自行携带的氧化剂;D．发射一架空天飞机的费用可能只是发射一架航天飞机费用的十分之一;二、阅读下面的文字,完成4-6题;依托于信息技术革命的网络社会改变了人们传统的空间和时间感受;空间和时间都不再是固定的,成为了“流动的空间”和“压缩的时间”;利用高速传播的音像信息,人们可以立刻进入到一个不同的空间,并参与其中；凭借强大的信息存储能力,不同时间发生的事情都能集中为同一个瞬间;这种变化导致了更为高速有效的经济活动,同时也使得经济组织彻底国际化人们的交往活动进一步加速,满足生活需要的各种活动更为方便快捷；由于减少了面对面的接触,人们也就变得更为独立自由,产生了一种普遍的解放感;新的时空感受给很多人带来了解放和自由的感觉,却也潜移默化地使人丧失了历史深度和特殊的地区认同,使人们在虚拟的数码文化中漂泊无依;这样一种虚拟文化严重挑战传统的男女性别关系、家庭亲情关系;表面上看,信息技术使得社会的组织和结合更为紧密有效,个人自由大幅度增加,个人能力也大幅度增强,但个人责任感和义务感却日益淡薄,自我意识日益脱离群体意识,传统的权威、人与人之间的沟通关系被无情地消解掉,导致了广泛而严重的自恋、孤独和原子化的个人主义,社会面临着解体的危险;简而言之,网络社会深刻地改变了我们所处世界的面貌,它提升了生产力、文化创造力和传播的潜能,但同时也削弱了社会组织的权威和人际关系纽带;在这样一种“流动的空间、压缩的时间”里,时间节奏突然加快、人际交往抽象化带来了社会普遍失去控制的焦虑和无力感,人们迫切地希望找到一种凝聚的力量,来对抗信息时代所产生的高度风险、无限分散、日益抽象化的总体趋势;应对网络社会的挑战,新的社会运动、国家和文明共同体理应发挥驾御和控制作用;各种新兴社会运动,如环境生态保护运动、女性运动等等,其实都是一种对抗网络社会的方式;这些运动和社会组织使人们重新认识并加强了自身的责任感、义务感以及性别认同和家庭纽带;在新形势下,我们应该重新审视国家的作用;在充满风险的、高度抽象化、分散化的网络时代,国家权威是抵制风险、保障社会生活、维护个人权利和尊严的有效力量；在传统家庭解体、各种社会团体日益消解、文化与信仰遭受冲击的情况下,建立起恰当的国家认同感,就有可能驱除人们普遍存在的无力感,使得每一个体重新焕发出自身的创造力;选自环球时报2003年7月7日,有删改4. 下面对“网络社会”的理解,不正确的一项是A. 网络社会依托于信息技术革命,即信息实观大量储存和高速传播;B. 网络社会的时间和空间都不是固定的,人们感受到的是“流动的空间”和“压缩的时间”;C. 网络社会改变了人们传统的时间感受,不同时间发生的事情可以在同一个瞬间展开;D. 网络社会改变了人们传统的空间感受,人们在同一时间里,既可以在这个空间,又可以在另一个空间;5. 对“网络社会深刻地改变了我们所处世界的面貌”一句,理解不正确的一项是A. 网络社会的经济活动和人际交往速度更快,更方便：人们更加独立自由,个人能力得到更大发挥;B. 网络社会提升了生产力和文化创造力,并使信息的传播更快捷、更广泛;C. 网络社会使人与人之间的沟通更方便快捷,加强了人际关系纽带;D. 网络社会使人丧失了历史的深度和地区认同,个人责任感和义务感日益淡薄;6. 下面不属于应对网络社会挑战措施的—项是A. 突破时空限制,发挥家庭的纽带作用,使人际交往更具体;B. 开展新的社会运动,加强社会成员自身的责任感和义务感;C. 建立恰当的国家认同感,使每一个体重新焕发出自身的创造力;D. 发挥文明共同体的驾御和控制作用,强化文化认同和信仰;三、阅读下面一段文字,完成7—9题神奇的基因疗法：人类健康长寿的希望随着人类遗传学的发展,研究人员认识到,人类最基本的遗传单位是染色体上的基因,基因是“制造”和“操纵”人类机体的蓝图,它指挥着细胞合成人类生命的基础——蛋白质;但是,当基因发生变化时,其编码的蛋白质不能履行自己正常的功能,这种情况下可能会出现疾病;经过多年的研究,研究人员寻找到了多种纠正缺陷基因的方法,其中最普遍的方法是将正常的基因插入基因组非特定的位置以取代有缺陷也称为失效或致病的基因;在这种方法中,研究人员通常会利用被称作传病媒介的载体将正常或治疗基因递送到病人的目标细胞中;目前,最常见的传痛媒介是已被人为改变携带了人体正常DNA的病毒;病毒在漫长的进化过程中,形成了一套独特的方式将白已的基因递送到人体细胞中,致使人体发病;研究人员试图除去病毒基因组中导致人体患病的基因,并加入治疗基因,然后利用病毒递送基因的特殊能力医治人类疾病;当病毒性传病媒介在抵达目标细胞如肝或肺细胞后,它便将携带的治疗人类基因的遗传物质“卸下”留在目标细胞中;在治疗基因给出的遗传指令下,细胞开始产生具有相应功能的蛋白质,从而恢复目标细胞的正常功能;通常,用于基因疗法传病媒介的病毒类型包括：逆转录病毒、腺病毒、腺相关病毒AAV和疱疹单式病毒;不同的病毒在人体中攻击的目标各不相同,因此它们在作为传病媒介时,携带的治疗基因和目标细胞也不尽相同;当然,除利用传病媒介递送治疗基因治疗疾病的方法外,还有其他几种非病毒递送基因的方法供研究人员选择;其中最简单的方法是直接向目标细胞“注入”治疗性DNA,然而这种方法应用范围十分有限,原因是它只适用于少数人体组织,却需要大量的DNA;现在,研究人员在实验将一条人造染色体或者称第47条染色体注入目标细胞中,这条人造染色体将与人体细胞中的23对46条染色体并存,不影响它们的工作或引起它们发生突变,同时也不会受人体免疫系统攻击;研究人员希望能将人造染色体作为一个大的传病媒介,携带大量的遗传密码;这种方法目前存在的问题是,将如此之大的分子递送到目标细胞的核内十分困难;尽管基因疗法从理论上讲具有很强的可行性,但在实践中却遇到了不少的困难;美国首例基因疗法临床试验开始于1990年,至今没有取得明显的效果;1999年,18岁的杰斯·格尔辛格接受试验性基因疗法治疗鸟氨酸转羧酶缺乏症时,在治疗的第4天由于多器官停止工作而去世;据认为,用作传病媒介的腺痛毒引起人体免疫系统强烈反应是导致杰斯死亡的原因;研究人员发现,有不少因素影响了基因疗法治疗遗传疾病的效果,其中包括基因疗法自然生命短、人体免疫系统反应强烈、病毒传病媒介存在的问题和多基因疾病;具体来说,治疗性DNA不易“融入”基因组以及许多细胞的快速分裂这两方面的问题,导致基因疗法无法取得长久的治疗效果,病人不得不多次接受治疗；人体免疫系统对“入侵者”的强烈反应影响了基因疗法的有效性,同时免疫系统产生的免疫反应导致病人重复接受基因疗法的难度加大；病毒传病媒介会给病人带来潜在的危害,如毒性、免疫及炎症反应;此外,人们担心传病媒介在进入人体后也许会重新恢复致病的活力；对单基因变异引起的疾病来说,基因疗法是最有效的方法;但是实际上,人体许多疾病是由多基因变异引起的,因此单基因疗法难以奏效;选自科技日报>,有删节7.以下对“基因”这一概念的说明,正确的一项是A.基因是人类最基本的遗传单位;B.基因是“制造”和“操纵”生物机体的蓝图;C.基因指挥着细胞合成人类生命的基础——蛋白质;D.当基因发生变化且不能履行自己正常的功能时,人类就会出现疾病;8.以下对“纠正缺陷基因最普遍的方法”的陈述,不正确的一项是A.将正常的基因插入基因组非特定的位置以取代有缺陷也称为失效或致病的基因;B.研究人员通常会利用被称作传病媒介的载体将正常或治疗基因递送到病人的目标细胞中;C.直接向目标细胞“注入”治疗性DNA;D.研究人员试图除去病毒基因组中导致人体患病的基因,并加入治疗基因,然后利用病毒递送基因的特殊能力医治人类疾病;9.下列表述,不符合原文意思的一项是A.目前,最常见的传病媒介是已被人为改变携带了人体正常DNA的病毒;病毒在漫长的进化过程中,形成了—套独特的方式将自己的基因递送到人体细胞中,致使人体发病;B.不同的病毒在人体中攻击的目标各不相同,但它们在作为传病媒介时,携带的治疗基因和目标细胞却是相同的;C.研究人员希望能将人造染色体作为一个大的传病媒介,使之携带大量的遗传密码,尽管将如此之大的分子递送到目标细胞的核内十分困难;D.尽管基因疗法从理论上讲具有很强的可行性,但在实践中却遇到了不少的困难;四、阅读下面短文,回答10-12题;中国的水资源总储量居世界第五,不少江河上已经建造了大型水坝;传统上,修建大坝的原因是变水为宝,不让水白白流掉;修建大坝的地方往往风景很美,而人民很穷;今天的西部大开发中,怒江上将修建13级大型水坝；大渡河主流和支流加在一起,将修建大小水坝356座;在河流上建坝,阻断了天然河道,导致河流的流态发生变化,进而引发整条河流上下游和河口的水文特征发生改变,这是建坝带来的最大生态问题,也是最令人担忧的问题;比如三门峡水利枢纽,就是因为改变了河道的流态,导致坝址上游泥沙淤积;另一方面,施工过程中也可能破坏山坡的平衡而引起滑坡;水坝常常选择在峡谷区,它的谷坡一般说来是不稳定的;例如金沙江虎跳峡,两岸山顶高出江面2500—3000米,江面宽度30—60米,这对于筑坝是有利的一面,但崖高坡陡,容易发生滑坡,虎跳峡就曾因山坡崩坍而引起断流;如果坝址的岩层疏松易坍,施工过程中就必须改变坝的位置,造成一定的经济损失;一旦洪水袭来,还易酿成垮坝灾难;1975年,中国河南驻马店地区在一次猝不及防的特大暴雨中就曾出现严重垮坝事件;修建大坝还会人为诱发地震;至今为止,全世界共有一百多座水库诱发过地震;川西、怒江、金沙江虎跳峡地区本就是地震活动性很高、地质构造运动活跃的地区,这些都是加剧诱发水库地震的高概率因素;近年来中国的天灾人祸,特别是渭河连年不断的水灾,使得五十年代中国三门峡水库的积极倡导者们终于在2003年10月开始承认：三门峡水患;针对2004年洪水并不是太大,泥石流、滑坡、地震却给人民的生命财产造成了极大威胁的状况,国家防总指挥部明确提出：给洪水以出路;这就是一方面要保证河道的畅通,让洪水能够比较顺利地下泻,同时要保证可以调蓄洪水的湖泊、洼地,尽量避免因我们的经济发展去侵占它;这种思路与目前国际上很多国家的想法和做法是一致的;10．下列不属于对于修建峡谷大坝意义的传统认识的一项是A．不让江河之水白白流掉,充分利用水资源发电;B．开发水资源丰富地区,推动当地经济发展;C．就着峡谷地形建造大坝,可以节省建坝投资;D．保证湖泊、洼地可以调蓄洪水,而不去侵占;11．对本文所说修建大坝的危害理解错误的一项是A．影响了河水的天然流向,使河流的流态发生变化,改变水文特征;B．建坝过程会导致峡谷山坡崩坍,建成后会使上游泥沙淤积,影响生态;C．由于岩层土石疏松,大坝建成后可能移位,加剧岩石崩坍;D．诱发地震,洪水之时可能垮坝,给人民的生命财产造成严重损失;12．下列解说,符合原文意思的一项是A．修建大型水坝不是仅仅为了利用水流发电,还应从其他方面认识修建大坝的意义; B．国际上防治洪水的观点和做法,就是要让洪水能够顺利下泻,并有地方调蓄;C．大坝和水库诱发地震要以该地区地震活动性很高、地质构造运动活跃为前提;D．在严酷的现实面前,三门峡水库的积极倡导者们率先认识到水库大坝的危害;参考答案1．B A项,“需要有约4000—5000个工作人员来为其服务”并非说为其“发射”服务；C项文中说“当航天飞机进入轨道之前,必须把火箭助推器和外贮燃料箱抛掉,抛掉的费用约占发射费用的42%”强调的是“费用”；D项“抛掉的费用”不等于“抛掉部分的费用”“增加了”没有比较,可以说成本高但不能说“增加了”,且与B项比较不够全面;2．C “它既能在大气层中像航空飞机那样利用大气层中的氧飞行”说明“利用大气层中的氧飞行”条件是“在大气层中飞行”时,“吸气发动机”是一种名为“霍托尔”的空天飞机这个个体使用的发动机并不能说明所有的空天飞机都使用这种发动机,此外靠“吸气发动机”的“霍托尔”空天飞机上升到万米高空时还要借助火箭发动机的推力才将空天飞机送进地球轨道;A项相关信息“飞机不携带氧化剂,充分利用空气中的氧,这样可以大大减轻飞机重量;”B项,因为它不以发射火箭的方式发射,所以费用就降低了；D项相关信息“它可以完全重复使用,大幅度降低费用;”3．A “轨道器”是原航天飞机的组成部分,空天飞机是完整地进入轨道;4. D;根据第一段“人们可以立刻进入到一个不同的空间”一句可看出“人们在同一时间里,既可以在这个空间,又可以在另一个空间”不合文意;5. C;“加强;人际关系纽带”错;第二段虽然讲人们的“交际活动”进一步加速,但第三段中讲人与人之间的“沟通关系”被无情地消解掉；第四段又说“削弱了”“人际关系纽带”;6. A;第五段谈应对挑战的办法,没有“突破时空限制”的意思;A句应是“染色体上的基因”；B句中的“生物”应为“人类”；D句“不能履行自己正常的功能”说的是基因“编码的蛋白质”;该项所陈述的是非病毒递送基因的一种方法;应是“不尽相同的”;第 10 题：Ｄ这是与目前国际上很多国家的想法和做法一致的思路,不属于传统认识; 第 11 题：Ｃ该项误解了“施工过程中就必须改变坝的位置”一句,施工过程中改变位置不等于大坝建成后移位;第 12 题：Ｂ本文意在指出一味修建水坝的弊端,提出应更换思路,全方位考虑水利建设,而不是说建大坝的意义,故Ａ项错误；修建大坝会人为诱发地震,不以原地质构造为前提,“地震活动性很高、地质构造运动活跃”是加剧诱发水库地震的因素,故Ｃ项错误；从“终于……开始承认”来看,“五十年代三门峡水库的积极倡导者们”很迟才认识到水库大坝的危害,故Ｄ项错误;。
高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解选练(一)高三全册英语试题_2 (2)
入舵市安恙阳光实验学校湖南2017高考英语阅读理解一轮选练（一）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
October 21 was a very dark day in Texas.Not only did Hurricane Hanna destroy homes, but also it caused the largest business damage in Texas's history.The worst thing is that Hanna's destructive force nearly wiped out most power poles and power lines.According to Center Point Energy, Hurricane Hanna affected 2.15 million customers.Currently, more than 4,000 of them are still in the dark.Crews have worked 16hour shifts to restore power to residents.Most of Houston seems to be returning to normal.Schools, restaurants, retail stores and gas stations are open.Smiles are back.But harderhit places, including Galveston, will take much longer to recover.Hundreds of people are still missing, and coastal towns are a mess.Some ruins from storm have drifted south to other beaches in Texas.Several public schools in Galveston are closed due to water damage.Parents are registering kids in other area schools which are scheduled to begin class on November 13.Many school supplies were destroyed.Clara Barton Village is an emergency shelter located at Alamo Elementary School in Galveston, Texas.This is where Paula Reed and her family are staying.Believe it or not, Paula Reed and her family consider this hurricane a blessing.When Paula was a girl, she was an orphan, but was taken in by her stepmother, Antonia Flores.Reed lost contact with Flores and had been trying desperately to locate her for the past few years.Before the hurricane, Reed and her family moved away from Galveston to a San Antonio shelter.There, she reunited with Flores after 30 long years！The moment they saw each other, their lives were changed.1.What's the most serious damage caused by Hurricane Hanna?A.Hundreds of people are still missing.B.A large number of people are homeless.C.Power facilities are severely destroyed.D.Factories are closed and many people jobless.2. It can be inferred that the residents in Houston ________.A.have fully recovered from the disasterB.were the most unlucky people in the disasterC.need a long time to bring their life back to normalD.suffered less from Hanna than people in Galveston3.Kids in public schools in other areas of Houston will have to stay at home for ________.A.at least one monthB.at least three weeksC.two weeks at mostD.nearly half a month4.Paula Reed and her family consider the hurricane a blessing because________.A.they had nothing lost after Hurricane HannaB.they lived a happier life in San Antonio shelterC.Paula was taken good care of in the shelterD.Paula reunited with her stepmother after three decades1．解析：选C 细节理解题。
江苏省徐州市第二中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期末语文达标试题(含答案)
2023届高三上期期末训练语文一、现代文阅读(35分)（一）现代文阅读I(本题共5小题，17分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面下面小题。
材料一：“元宇宙”这一概念，源自尼尔斯蒂芬森的科幻小说《雪崩》，尽管人们已经耳熟能详，但它迄今仍没有清晰准确的定义。
虽然似乎拥有广阔空间和多种可能，但目前还是一个尚未成型的新兴事物。
元宇宙概念的走红，背后有着相应的技术支撑和社会生活因素。
一方面，经过多年的发展，虚拟现实、人工智能、区块链、5G通讯、可穿戴设备等技术的应用日渐成熟；另一方面，受疫情等影响，线上办公、线上课程逐渐普及，人们在虚拟空间的停留时间更长，线上生活所占的比例不断升高。
在一些具体的场景中，人们捕捉到元宇宙可能给生活带来的改变。
从在游戏中参加虚拟演唱会，到在虚拟空间以虚拟形象参加会议，且会上可以用语音和动作进行实时交流，这些已经成为现实的案例，一定程度上打破了虚拟与现实的界线。
尽管如此，有业内人士指出，元宇宙产业还远远达不到全产业覆盖和生态开放、经济自洽、虚实互通的理想状态，在技术层面、法律层面、道德伦理层面，都还有很长一段路要走。
我们离元宇宙的世界有多远这个问题可能短期内不会有答案，但各类打着元宇宙旗号的套路与骗局已经有滋生的苗头。
一些知识付费项目把元宇宙包装成一夜暴富的机会，声称“未来只有元宇宙这一条路”，以贩卖焦虑的方式借机敛财。
一些人言必称元宇宙，没有任何与之相关的实体内容却热衷于抢注各种相关商标，挖空心思从元宇宙概念中分得一杯“流量羹”。
这就提示我们，对待新鲜事物，保持好奇和探索的同时，也要保留一份审慎和理性。
不过可以明确的是，一些新概念承载着人们对技术发展的信心以及对未来美好生活的期待。
推动新概念及其产业逐步走向成熟需要时间，通向令人神往的科技未来需要脚踏实地、打好发展地基。
正如不论虚拟现实、增强现实还是混合现实，中心词都是“现实”，这也预示着离开了现实的支撑，终归是海市蜃楼、无本之木。
“基础不牢地动山摇”，这样的道理不论在真实宇宙还是元宇宙，应该都是适用的。
高中高三文言文阅读专项训练及详细答案(精选)
高中高三文言文阅读专项训练及详细答案(精选)一、高中文言文阅读1．阅读下面的文言文，完成下面小题。
重到沭阳图记袁枚古之人往往于旧治之所三致意焉。
盖贤者视民如家，居官而不能忘其地者，其地之人，亦不能忘之也。
余宰沭阳二年，乙丑，量移白下①。
今戊申矣，感吕峄亭观察三札见招，十月五日渡黄河，宿钱君接三家。
钱故当时东道主，其父鸣和癯而髯，接三貌似之，与谈乃父事，转不甚晓。
余离沭时，渠裁断乳故也。
夜阑置酒，闻车声啍啍，则峄亭遣使来迎。
迟明行六十里，峄亭延候于十字桥，彼此喜跃，骈辚同驱。
食倾，望见百雉遮迣，知沭城新筑。
衣冠数十辈争来扶车。
大概昔时骑竹马者，俱龙钟杖藜矣。
越翌日，入县署游观，到先人秩膳处，姊妹斗草处，昔会宾客治文卷处，缓步婆娑，凄然雪涕，虽一庖湢、一井匽，对之情生，亦不自解其何故。
有张、沈两吏来，年俱八旬。
说当时决某狱，入帘荐某卷，余全不省记。
憬然重提，如理儿时旧书，如失物重得。
邑中朱广文工诗，吴中翰精鉴赏，解、陈二生善画与棋，主人喜论史鉴，每漏尽，口犹澜翻。
余或饮，或吟，或弈，或写小影，或评书画，或上下古今，或招人来，或呼车往，无须臾闲。
遂忘作客，兼忘其身之老且衰也。
居半月，冰霰渐飞，岁将终矣，不得已苦辞主人。
主人仍送至前所迎处代为治筐箧束缰靷毕握手问曰何时再见先生余不能答非不答也不忍答也。
嗟乎！余今年七十有三矣，忍欺君而云再来乎？忍伤君而云不来乎？然以五十年前之令尹，朅来旧邦，世之如余者少矣；四品尊官，奉母闲居，犹能念及五十年前之旧令尹，世之如吕君者更少矣。
离而合，合而离，离可以复合，而老不能再少。
此一别也，余不能学太上之忘情，故写两图，一以付吕，一以自存，传示子孙，俾知官可重来，其官可想，迎故官如新官，其主人亦可想。
孟子曰：闻伯夷、柳下惠之风者，奋乎百世之下，而况于亲炙之者乎？提笔记之，可以风世②，又不徒为区区友朋聚散之感也。
【注释】①白下：南京的别称。
②风世：劝勉世人。
（选自《小仓山房诗文集》，有删节）（1）对下列句子中加下划线词语的解释，不正确的一项是（）A. 余宰沭阳二年宰：治理B. 说当时决某狱决：打开C. 代为治筐箧治：备办D. 朅来旧邦朅：离去（2）下列各组句子中，加下划线词的意义和用法相同的一组是（）A. 往往于旧治之所于其身也，则耻师焉B. 与谈乃父事备他盗之出入与非常也C. 身之老且衰彼且恶乎待哉D. 离而合襟三江而带五湖（3）下列对原文有关内容的概括与赏析，不正确的一项是（）A. 四品官员吕峄亭在家闲居期间，连续写信邀请老县令旧地重游，袁枚因此再到沭阳。
江苏高三拔高英语阅读理解训练4篇附答案
江苏高三拔高英语阅读理解训练4篇拔高阅读训练1 ______________________________________________________________________ 1拔高阅读训练2 ______________________________________________________________________ 3拔高阅读训练3 ______________________________________________________________________ 4拔高阅读训练4 ______________________________________________________________________ 51.答案与解析 ________________________________________________________________________ 72.答案与解析 ________________________________________________________________________ 73.答案与解析 ________________________________________________________________________ 84.答案与解析 ________________________________________________________________________ 9拔高阅读训练1With so many investments required of us to succeed - time, resources, talents, responsibilities, even finances for our retirement - it’s easy to lose sight of the most difficult investment of all to commit to : ourselves.Getting to the point where you’re ready to start upgrading to you 2.0 isn’t easy. But it doesn’t mean dropping the ball everywhere else. It’s not about omissions, but admissions. Come clean with yourself to kick-start your personal growth.Unstuck starts with “u”No one purposely chooses to stop learning and growing again, it just kind of happens in a lot of daily responsibilities and life. And if it were easy to just kick it into gear（档位）again, you would have already done it. But the truth is inescapable. If ou want to get off that place to higher ground, it’s up to you and only you. No one will just hand you a steady stream of opportunities for growth.You’ve been working in your life, not on itActivity is often confused with acceleration（忙碌）. I was guilty of this for years in working place - staying always busy but not admitting I was bored. I was lost in activity and not steeping back to take time to question what I wanted my life to be. Once I began working on my life - quitting corporate, becoming an entrepreneur, restructuring to my life - I started growing once again. And I’ve never been happier.Things aren’t happening to you, they’re happening for youA victim mentality（心态）is the enemy of personal growth. Lamenting over everything that has gone wrong in your life only wastes energy from working to make more things go right. If youwant to kick-start growth, you must view setbacks as having a purpose, and then put them in their place. The past shouldn’t run or define you - only fuel you.The perfect time to start doesn’t existI had so many things that had to be just right before I could make my long-planned leap from corporate. I’d tell myself, “I’d love to go for it right now, but practically speaking.” Well, guess what? Practicality is poison. It’s the convenient excuse stopping you from what you’re meant to become.It’s time to unplug others’ opinionsGrow where you want to grow. Learn what you want to learn. Wherever you are on the scale of hat you want to learn next - be it beginner or near - expert own it, be proud of it. Pretenses are for pretenders. You’re just trying to become a better version of your genuine self.63.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. If you want to succeed, you have to invest yourself first.B. Upgrading yourself is hard, but you still need to continue.C. Giving up upgrading yourself is just like dropping the ball.D. It’s a kind of responsibility to go on learning though it’s hard.64.The word lament in the last but 4 paragraphs most probably means ________.A. to express sadness and feeling sorry about somethingB. to repeat what happens to you in the past of your lifeC. to show some regretful feeling or thought for our pastD. to recognize something that has gone wrong in the past65.According to the passage, we can infer that ________.A. the busier you are, the happier and better you will beB. what happened shouldn’t prevent you, but protect youC. whoever you are, just grow where you want to growD. how well you grow is actually decided by yourself66.How many aspects does the writer illustrate his idea on personal growth?A. 3B. 7C. 5D. 6拔高阅读训练2Today’s artificial intelligence may not be that clever, but it just got much quicker in understanding. A learning program designed by three researchers can now recognize and draw handwritten characters after seeing them only a few times, just as a human can. And the program can do it so well that people can’t tell the difference.The findings, published in the journal Science, represent a major step forward in developing more powerful computer programs that learn in the ways that humans do.Although computers are excellent at storing and processing data, they’re less-than-stellar students. Your average 3-year-olds could pick up basic concepts faster than the most advanced program.In short, “You can generalize,” said coauthor Joshua Tenenbaum. But there’s something else humans can do with just a little exposure—they can break an object down into its key parts and dream up something new. “To scientists like me who study the mind, the gap between machine-learning and human-learning capacities remains vast,” Tenenbaum said. “We want to close that gap, and that’s our long-term goal.”Now, Tenenbaum and his colleagues have managed to build a different kind of machine learning algorithm (算法)—one that, like humans, can learn a simple concept from very few examples and can even apply it in new ways. The researchers tested the model on human handwriting, which can vary sharply from person to person, even when each produces the exact same character.The scientists built an algorithm with an approach called Bayesian program learning, or BPL, a probability-based program. This algorithm is actually able to build concepts as it goes.In a set of experiments, the scientists tested the program using many examples of 1,623 handwritten characters from 50 different writing systems from around the world. In a one-shot classification challenge, people were quite good at it, with an average error rate of 4.5 percent. But BPL, slightly edged them out, with a comparable error rate of 3.3 percent. The scientists also challenged the program and some human participants to draw new versions of various characters they presented. They then had human judges determine which ones were made by man and which were made by machine. As it turned out, the humans were barely as good as chance at figuring out which set of characters was machine-produced and which was created by humans.The findings could be used to improve a variety of technologies in the near term, including for other symbol-based systems such as gestures, dance moves and spoken and signed language. But the research could also shed fresh light on how learning happens in young humans, the scientists pointed out.63.What is the passage mainly about?A.An advance in artificial intelligence.B. A special learning program for students.C. The application of artificial intelligence.D. A new approach of developing programs.64.By “less-than-stellar students” in Paragraph 3, the author means ________.A.students are better at processing dataB. computers are incomparable to studentsC. students are less smart than computersD. computers are less clever in some aspects65.In the experiments testing BPL, what did the scientists find out?A.Humans were slow at recognizing characters.B.BPL wrote characters in a quite different manner.C.BPL could identify and write characters as humans.D.Humans could create more characters than computers.66.What can be inferred from the passage?puters learn in the same way as humans.B.The findings may help improve human-learning.C.Machine-learning is superior to human-learning.D.Young humans can understand algorithms quickly.拔高阅读训练3A rare hole has opened up in the ozone layer above the Arctic, in what scientists say is the result of unusually low temperatures in the atmosphere above the north pole.The hole, which has been tracked from space and the ground over the past few days, has reached record dimensions, but is not expected to pose any danger to humans unless it moves further south. If it extends further south overpopulated areas, such as southern Greenland, people would be at increased risk of sunburn. However, on current trends the hole is expected to disappear altogether in a few weeks.Low temperatures in the northern polar regions led to an unusual stable polar vortex(极地漩涡), and the presence of ozone-destroying chemicals such as chlorine(氯) in the atmosphere – from human activities – caused the hole to form.“The hole is principally a geophysical curiosity,” sai d Vincent-Henri Peuch, director of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. “We monitored unusual dynamic(动态的) conditions,which drive the process of chemical depletion of ozone. Those dynamics allowed for lower temperatures and a more stable vortex than usual over the Arctic, which then triggered the formation of polar stratospheric(平流层的) clouds and the catalytic(催化的) destruction of ozone.”The hole is not related to the Covid-19 shutdowns that have dramatically cut air pollution and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. It is also too early to say whether the unusually stable Arctic polar vortex conditions are linked with the climate crisis, or part of normal stratospheric weather variability.Peuch said there were no direct implications for the climate crisis. Temperatures in the region are already increasing, slowing the depletion of ozone, and the hole will start to recover as polar air mixes with ozone-rich air from lower latitudes. The last time similar conditions were observed was in spring 2011.While a hole over the Arctic is a rare event, the much larger hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic has been a major cause for concern for more than four decades. The production of ozone-depleting chemicals has been dramatically reduced, under the 1987 Montreal Protocol(蒙特利尔协议), but some sources appear still to be functioning--in 2018, unauthorized emissions were detected from some areas .New sources of ozone-depleting chemicals were not a factor in the hole observed in the Arctic, said Peuch. “However, this is a reminder that one should not take the Montreal Protocol measures for granted, and that observations from the ground and from satellites are central to avoid a situation where the ozone-destroying chemical level in the stratosphere could increase again.”63.What is the possible meaning of the underlined word“depletion”?A. replacementB. consumptionC. increaseD. production64.According to the passage, scientists are concerned about the hole because ______.A. it is expected to be a threat to the mankindB. the new hole is caused by air pollution and greenhouse gas emissionsC. it may encourage further scientific research and environmental awarenessD. it warns us of an oncoming climate crisis65.What can be learned from the last two paragraphs?A. The hole over the Arctic shares the same causes as the one over the Antarctic.B. Human activities are highly responsible for producing ozone-destroying chemicals.C. The Montreal Protocol has successfully prevented new emissions.D. Some new illegal emissions are to blame for the hole over the Arctic.66.The best title for the passage is probably ______.A. Record-size Hole Opens in Ozone Layer above the ArcticB. Actions Urgently Needed for a New Hole in Ozone LayerC. Environmental Disaster and International CooperationD. How a Hole in Ozone Affects our Life on Earth拔高阅读训练4We’ve all heard the stories of an actor’s struggles before a career breakthrough: living a hardlife, working part time, being a couch potato before getting that major role. Shelby, the star of “A Dog’s Way Home,” has a hard-luck tale that could top them all. Before her big break, she was living in a landfill, rooting through garbage for her next meal.Shelby’s big break came in April 2017, when animal-control officer Megan Buhler was driving in Cheatham County. Tennessee. Out on an unrelated call, Buhler spotted and approached what she recalled was a noticeably scared puppy emerging from the dump. “I knelt down and just said, ‘Oh, come here, baby,’” said Buhler. “She was so scared, but she came right up to me, and I was able to put her in my truck.” The pair headed to the county animal shelter, where the staff began calling the new resident Baby Girl.Buhler and others didn’t know that 3,200 kilometers away, Hollywood was looking for a dog to play Bella in a film written by Cathryn Michon. The find-a-Bella job went to freelance trainer Teresa Ann Miler. Her mission was to search shelters nationwide for a dog that could play Bella. One day, Miller spotted Baby Girl’s adoption photo. “Honestly, it was a really good picture, and she was flat - out smiling,” Miller said. Then she met Baby Girl, and assessed her on personality and the ability to respond to simple commands. After assessment, she adopted Baby Girl from the shelter, renamed her Shelby and took her to California for training. Miller and Shelby trained for just over three months before filming began. Then they were together each day on the set.Most of the film’s reviews have praised Shelby’s performance. Variety made the comments “an amazing dog, perfect performance!”Shelby has come a long way from the dump. But Buhler said she saw Shelby recently had needed only a second to compare the movie star with the dog she found from piles of trash. “She’s exactly the same,” Buhler said.56.Why does the author mention an actor’s struggle before a career breakthrough at the very beginning?A. To make a sharp contrast between an actor’s struggle and a dog’s struggle.B. To introduce a dog’s similar but even more striking experiences.C. To attract reader’s attention by giving dramatic examples.D. To clearly point out the main idea of the passage.57.What finally helped Baby Girl get the big role in the film?A. Her adoption picture.B. Her flat-out smiling.C. her personality and ability.D. Her miserable experiences.58.By saying “She is exactly the same” in the last paragraph, Buhler probably means __________.A. the dog returned to the piles of trash where she found itB. it took quite a lot of trouble for the dog to change her own fate.C. she’s really excited to see the dog she helped live such a happy lifeD. the dramatic change of the dog’s life hasn’t changed her inner quality59.What do you think may serve as the best title of the passage?A. The Success of “A Dog’s Way Home”.B. From a Landfill Puppy to a Movie Star.C. The Trainer and Her Star Dog.D. Shelby’s Hard-luck Story.1.答案与解析解析：63题考察推理判断题，题目：根据本文，下列哪个是正确的？定位前三段中提到成功需要投入，需要不管更新自我；对比四个选项，选项A 错在first 选项B 正确，原文中提到Getting to the point where you’re ready to start upgrading to you 2.0 isn’t easy. But it doesn’t mean dropping the ball everywhere else.64.考察猜测词义题，题目：倒数第四段中lament什么意思？定位倒数第四段中，前一句中提到：一种受害者的心态是个人成长的敌人。
让马拉松变得更环保等2则外刊阅读训练-2023届高三英语二轮复习(含答案)
外刊精读让马拉松变得更环保导读：似乎在世界各地，每个主要的大城小镇都会举办年度马拉松比赛。
成千上万的参赛运动员要经受艰难的体能考验，跑完42.1 公里的赛程。
和其它大型比赛一样，马拉松比赛也会产生大量的碳足迹。
数千人乘坐飞机前来参赛或观赛，观众和运动员留在赛道的食物垃圾、包装袋、礼品袋等等。
本期《外刊精读》讨论相关部门针对马拉松比赛所采取的各项环保措施。
一、语篇泛读Even if you’re a couch potato like me, you’ll know the benefits of running - pounding the pavements, working up a sweat, burning off some calories and generally keeping fit. But if you’re a real fitness junkie, the ultimate running challenge is to take part in a marathon.It seems every major city and town aro und the world hosts an annual marathon, with thousands of athletes running a gruelling 42.1 kilometers. Whilst many runners’ motivation is to beat their personal best and cross the finishing line without collapsing, they’re also doing it for a good cause– to generate funds for charity. But like other major events, the marathon also generates a massive carbon footprint. Thousands travel - some by plane - to the location, and waste from food packaging and goody bags gets left behind by spectators and runners. For example, during the London Marathon in 2018, 47,000plastic bottles were collected, although some were recycled.This is becoming a big issue for cities –how to host a worthwhile event, encouraging people to exercise and help charities, whilst protecting the environment? Several cities have developed formal plans to reduce their environmental impact and promote sustainable ideas. One event in Wales, for example, introduced recycling for old running kit and ethically sourced the race t-shirts.It’s something that this year’s London Marathon tried to tackle by reducing the number of drink stations on the running route, giving out water in paper cups and offering some drinks in edible seaweed capsules. They also trialed new bottle belts made from recycled plastic so 700 runners could carry water bottles with them during their run. London Marathon event director Hugh Brasner told the三、测试与练习阅读课文并回答问题。
2022届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项训练(二)
★A阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.American writer George Saunders has won the 2017 Man Booker Prize for his first novel, Lincoln in the Bardo.The story was a real event on February 22, 1862. That night, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln visited the grave of his 11-year-old son Willie, who was buried in a Washington cemetery.The story imagines Lincoln walking around alone in the dark, troubled by the death of his son and the American Civil War. Meanwhile. Other dead souls in the graveyard watch young Willie waiting for his father to return.Lola Young, an author and member of Britain's House of Lords, led the group of judges. She praised the "deeply moving" book. In his speech, Saunders said, "we live in a strange time." He noted the most important question is how to respond to events.The 58-year-old Saunders became the second American writer to win the prize. Last year, Paul Beatty became the first American to win for his novel The Sellout. In the past, the Man Booker Prize was given only to writers from Britain, Ireland, Zimbabwe or countries in the British Commonwealth. The rules were changed in 2014 to permit authors of any book written in English and published in Britain to compete. Critics of the rule change say it "Americanized" an important British literary prize.The winner receives a cash prize of about $65,000. Other past winners include this year's Nobel Prize-winning novelist Kazuo Ishiguro, Salman Rushdie, Iris Murdoch and Canadian writer Margaret Atwood.1. George Saunders was from ______.A. EnglandB. AmericaC. ChinaD. Canada2. The story happened in ______.A . 1862B. 1865C. 1867D. 20173. Which of the following countries didn’t win the prize?A. Ireland.B. Zimbabwe.C. American.D . Germany.4. The underlined word “it” refers ______.A . the story about LincolnB. the prizeC . the countryD. the rule5. What’s the best title of the passage?A. The The Man Booker Prize winner George Saunders.B. US president Lincoln won The Man Booker Prize.C. How to win The Man Booker Prize.D How to improve your writing.★B阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.Kazuo Ishiguro, the Japanese-born English writer, has won the 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature. The Swedish Academy made the announcement on Thursday in Stockholm.Sara Danius, the academy's secretary, praised the works of Ishiguro. She said, "He's a very interesting writer in many ways." Danius described him as "one of the most exquisite novelists in our time." His best-known work is The Remains of the Day, which was published in 1989. It tells of a man who worked as a butler, the main male servant in the home of a rich person. He looks back on a life in service to the wealthy. The book tells us about the society of 20th-century England. The work earned Ishiguro the Man Booker Prize in 1989.The choice of Ishiguro for the Nobel Prize marked a return to traditional literature following two years of choices by the Swedish Academy. Last year, the literature prize went to American singer and songwriter Bob Dylan. In 2015, it went to Svetlana Alexievich of Belarus, a journalist.Ishiguro was born in Nagasaki, Japan. He moved with his family to Britain when he was five years old. Although he did not return to Japan until he was in his 30s, Japanese characters were important in his first two novels—A Pale View of Hills and An Artist of the Floating World.The writer will receive $1.1 million in prize money for winning the literature award.1. From the passage we know Kazuo Ishiguro was born in ______.A. EnglandB. GermanyC. JapanD. France2. The work The Remains of the Day was published in _______.A. 1989B. 1993C. 2015D. 20163. What does Svetlana Alexievich of Belarus do?A. A writer.B. A singer.C. A songwriter.D . A journalist.4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A . Ishiguro moved to England because his father found a job there.B. Ishiguro will get $1.1 million in prize money for the award.C . In 2015, Bob Dylan won the literature prize.D . Ishiguro's books are full of American characters.5. What’s the best title of the passage?A. How to win the Nobel Prize.B. Kazuo Ishiguro won the 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature.C. A great book The Remains of the Day.D . How to write a great book.★C阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.Elon Musk, 45, is a businessman, an engineer, an inventor and an explorer. He was born on June 28, 1971, in Pretoria, South Africa. At age 10, he developed an interest in computers. After teaching himself programming, Musk created his first piece of software before he turned 13. At 17, he moved to Canada to attend Queen’s University. He later transferred to the University of Pennsylvania to study economics and physics.Musk became a multimillionare after he sold his start-up company, Zip2, in 1999. He established SpaceX in 2002. In 2012, SpaceX launched the first commercial spacecraft. Since then, the company has sent numerous successful unmanned missions to the International Space Station (ISS). The company has plans to carry two astronauts there in late 2017.Musk has set his sights on more than just the stars. He’s aiming to transform life on Earth. One of his greatest successes is Tesla Motors, which he founded in 2004. Tesla designs and manufactures sleek, high-performance electric cars. The cars are expensive now, but Musk’s goal is to find a way to produce electric vehicles that are affordable to more people.Musk is also pursuing a high-speed mode of travel called the Hyperloop. The plan is for passengers to board aluminum(铝) pods that would be shot through steel tubes at about 800 miles per hour. The 380-mile trip from Los Angeles, California, to San Francisco, California, would take about 35 minutes. The project will cost $6 billion.In November, he introduced a new kind of solar paneling for roofs that will be cheaper than traditional roofing material. It’ll allow homeowners to collect energy from the sun. “I believe in working super hard and not giving up,” Musk told TIME. “As long as I can see a path to success, I’ll keep going.”1. What can be learned about young Musk?A. He had strong self-learning abilities.B. He fell in love with computer at high school.C. He entered an American university in 1988.D. He joined in designing a lot of software.2. What happened to Elon Musk when he was 31?A. He sold his first company.B. He updated his first software.C. He became the founder of SpaceX.D. He got a commercial spacecraft launched.3. According to the passage, it seems impossible to expect Musk to ____.A. achieve his life goalsB. be passionate about charityC. explore modern technology furtherD. stop dreaming big anytime soon4. What achievement has Musk already made so far?A. The Hyperloop.B. The new solar paneling.C. The commercial spacecraft.D. The cheap electric vehicles.5. What does the passage focus on?A. Musk’s achievements in space exploration.B. Musk’s ambitions to improve human life.C. Musk’s excellent educational background.D. Mu sk’s interest in science and technology.★D阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.Robert Frost was a great American poet, whose works are read widely even today. He was given a lot of prizes during his lifetime.Robert Frost was born on March 26, 1874 in San Francisco. When his father died on May 5, 1885, he moved to Massachusetts to live with his mother and sister. He graduated from Lawrence High School in 1892, and attended Dartmouth College for a term. Then he went back home to teach and did several other part-time jobs including sending newspapers.In 1894, he sold his first poem My Butterfly, An Elegy for 15 dollars. And one year later he got married with Elinor Miriam White on December 19, and the next year they had their first child. Till 1897, they taught together in school. Then Robert moved to study in Harvard University. He stayed there for two years, but had to return due to his ill health. His grandfather gave them a farm at Derry, in New Hampshire before dying. They lived on the farm. He stayed and worked there for nine years. That’s whe re he wrote most of his famous poems.In 1912, Robert Frost and his family moved to Glasgow and lived in Beaconsfield near London. The next year, he published his first book of poems titled A Boy’s Will. In 1915, he returned to America and lived in Franconia, New Hampshire where he bought a farm. He then began teaching and writing. And then in 1924, he won thePulitzer Prize for his book, New Hampshire: A Poem with Notes and Grace Notes. He won again for Collected Poems, in 1931, A Further Range, in 1937, and A Witness Tree, in 1943.On January 29, 1963, this great poet died of illness in Boston. He was buried in the Old Bennington Cemetery in Vermont.1. What can we know about Robert Frost’s early lif e from the second paragraph?A. He lived a difficult life then.B. He had a happy childhood.C. He lived with his parents.D. He had a happy family.2. What was Robert Frost Before he attended Harvard University?A. A writer.B. A teacher.C. A businessman.D. A farmer.D3. Where did Robert Frost write most of his famous poems?A. In Massachusetts.B. In Franconia.C. In New Hampshire.D. In London.4. According to the passage, Robert Frost ______.A. got married when he was 24 years oldB. began to live by selling his poems in 1894C. left Harvard University because he was very poorD. published his first book of poems at the age of 395. Robert Frost was given the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry _____.A. twiceB. three timesC. four timesD. five times【答案】★A 1-5 BADDA ★B 1-5 CADBB ★C1-5 ACDCB ★D1-5 ABCDC。
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1 高三阅读训练2（文言、古诗）
一、阅读下面一篇文言文，完成8—10题。 预让论 方孝孺 士君子立身事主，既名知己，则当竭尽智谋，忠告善道，销患于未形，保治于未然，俾身全而主安。生为名臣，死为上鬼，垂光百世，照耀简策，斯为美也。苟遇知己，不能扶危而未乱之先，而乃捐躯殒命于既败之后；钓名沽誉，眩世骇俗，由君子观之，皆所不取也。 盖尝因而论之：豫让臣事智伯，及赵襄子杀智伯，让为之报仇。声名烈烈，虽愚夫愚妇，莫不知其为忠臣义士也。呜呼！让之死固忠矣，惜乎处死之道有未忠者存焉。何也？观其漆身吞炭，谓其右曰：“凡吾所为者极难，将以愧天下后世之为人臣而怀二心者也。”谓非忠可乎？及观其斩衣三跃，襄子责以不死于中行氏，而独死于智伯，让应曰：“中行氏以众人待我，我故以众人报之；知伯以国士待我，我故以国士报之。”即此而论，让有余憾矣。 段规之事韩康，任章之事魏献，未闻以国士待之也；而规也章也，力劝其主从智伯之请，与之地以骄其志，而速其亡也。郄疵之事智伯，亦未尝以国士待之也；而疵能察韩、魏之情以谏智伯。虽不用其言以至灭亡，而疵之智谋忠告，已无愧于心也。让既自谓智伯待以国土矣，国士，济国之上也。当伯请地无厌之日，纵欲荒暴之时，为让者正宜陈力就列，谆谆然而告之日：“诸侯大夫，各安分地，无相侵夺，古之制也。今无故而取地于人，人不与，而吾之忿心必生；与之，则吾之骄心以起。忿必争，争必败；骄必傲，傲必亡”。谆切恳至，语不从，再谏之，再谏不从，三谏之。三谏不从，移其伏剑之死，死于是日。伯虽顽冥不灵，感其至诚，庶几复悟。和韩、魏，释赵围，保全智宗，守其祭祀。若然，则让虽死犹生也，岂不胜于斩衣而死平？ 让于此时，曾无一语开悟主心，视伯之危亡，犹越人视秦人之肥瘠也。袖手旁观，坐待成败，国士之报，曾若是乎？智伯既死，而乃不胜血气之悻悻，甘自附于刺客之流。何足道哉？何足道哉！虽然，以国土而论，豫让固不足以当矣；彼朝为仇敌，暮为君臣，腆然而自得者，又让之罪人也。噫！ 8．下列各组句子中，加点词的意义和用法不相同的一项是 （ ） A．苟．遇知己，不能扶危为未乱之先/ 苟．无恒心，放辟邪侈，无不为已。 B．犹越人视．秦人之肥瘠也/ 抑为采色不足视．于目与？ C．襄子责以不死于中行氏，而独．死于智伯/ 独．乐乐，与人乐乐，孰乐？ D．坐待成败，国士之报，曾．若是乎？/ 曾．不若孀妻弱子。 9．下列各句全都表明作者认为的士君子事主“竭尽智谋，忠告善道”的一项是 （ ） ①及赵襄子杀智伯，让为之报仇。 ②智伯以国士待我，我故以国士报之。 ③而规也章也，力劝其主从智伯之请，与之地以骄其志，而速其亡也。 ④而疵能察韩、魏之情以谏智伯。 2
⑤为让者正宜陈力就列，谆谆然而告之曰 ⑥伯虽顽冥不灵，感其至诚，庶几复悟。 A．①②③ B．①⑤⑥ C．②③④ D．③④⑤ 10．下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括，不正确的一项是 （ ） A．段规和任章劝韩襄子欲擒故纵，暂时满足智伯的贪婪之心，加速智伯的灭亡，堪称忠臣义士。 B．郄疵虽然没有享受智伯以“国士”的恩遇，但在关键时刻及时劝谏智伯不要中韩、魏奸计，可谓忠臣义士。 C．作者认为豫让没有及时劝谏智伯“请地无厌，纵欲荒弃”而导致国灭，不能算作忠臣义士。 D．豫让袖手帝规，坐观成败，事后虽然像刺客那样为智伯报仇雪恨，后伏剑自杀，但不配为“国士”之称。
11．把第Ⅰ卷文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（10分） （1）呜呼！让之死固忠矣，惜乎处死之道有未忠者存焉。 答： （2）而规也章也，力劝其主从智伯之请，与之地以骄其志，而速其亡也。 答： （3）若然，则让虽死犹生也，岂不胜于斩衣而死乎？ 答： 12．阅读下面两首宋词，然后回答问题。（8分） 江城子 乙卯正月二十日夜记梦 苏 轼 十年生死两茫茫。不思量，自难忘。千里孤坟，无处话凄凉。纵使相逢应不识，尘满面，鬓如霜。 夜来幽梦忽还乡。小轩窗，正梳妆。相顾无言，唯有泪千行。料得年年肠断处，明月夜，短松冈。 鹧鸪天 贺 铸 重过阊门①万事非，同来何事不同归？梧桐半死清霜后，头白鸳鸯失伴飞。原上草，露初晞②，旧栖新垅两依依。空床卧听南窗雨。谁复挑灯夜补衣！ 【注】①阊门：苏州西门，词人旧居。②晞：晒干。 （1）这两首词同写对亡一如既往的深切怀念。苏词上阕有“无处话凄凉”一语，贺词上阕虽无“凄凉”二字，却无一语不凄凉，说说《鹧鸪天》上阕是如何表达情感的。（4分）
（2）这两首悼亡词都写出了妻子的美好形象，说说两首词采用的不同写法是什么，表现了怎样的意境。（4分） 3
三、(9分，每小题3分) 阅读下面的文言文，完成8—10题。 申徽，字世仪，魏郡人也。父明仁，郡功曹，早卒。徽少与母居，尽力孝养。及长，好经史。性审慎，不妄交游。遭母忧，丧毕，乃归于魏。元颢入洛，以元邃为东徐州刺史，邃引徽为主簿。颢败，邃被槛车送洛阳，故吏宾客并委去，唯徽送之。及邃得免，乃广集宾友，叹徽有古人风。寻除太尉府行参军。 孝武初，徽以洛阳兵难未已，遂间行入关见周文。周文与语，奇之，荐之于贺拔岳，岳亦雅相敬待，引为宾客。周文临夏州，以徽为记室参军，兼府主簿。周文察徽沉密有度量，每事信委之，乃为大行台郎中。时军国草创，幕府务殷，四方书檄皆徽之辞也。河桥之役，大军不利，近侍之官分散者众，徽独不离左右，魏帝称叹之。 先是，东阳王元荣为瓜州刺史。其女婿刘彦随焉。及荣死，瓜州首望表荣子康为刺史，彦遂杀康而取其位。属四方多难，朝廷不遑问罪，因授彦刺史。频征不奉诏，又南通吐谷浑，将图叛逆。周文难于动众，欲以权略致之，乃以徽为河西大使，密令图彦。徽轻以五十骑行，既至，止于宾馆。彦见徽单使，不以为疑，徽乃遣一人微劝彦归朝，以揣其意，彦不从。徽又使赞成其反计，彦便从之，遂来至馆。徽先与瓜州豪右密谋执彦，遂叱而缚之。彦辞无罪，徽数之曰：“君无尺寸之功，滥居方岳之重，恃远背诞，不恭贡职，戮辱使人，轻忽诏命。计君之咎，实不容诛。但受诏之日，本令相送归阙，所恨不得即申明罚，以谢边远耳。”于是宣诏慰劳吏人及彦所部，复云大军续至，城内无敢动者。 十二年，瓜州刺史成庆为城人张保所杀，都督令狐延等起义逐保，启请刺史。以徽信洽西土，拜假节、瓜州刺史。徽在州五稔，俭约率下，边人乐而安之。徽性勤至，凡所居官，案牍无大小皆亲自省览，以是事无稽滞，吏不得为奸。后虽历公卿，此志不懈。出为襄州刺史。时南方初附，旧俗官人皆通饷遗。徽性廉慎，乃画杨震像于寝室以自戒。及代还，人吏送者数十里不绝。徽自以无德于人，慨然怀愧，因赋诗，题于清水亭。长幼闻之，皆竞来就读，递相谓曰：“此是申使君手迹。”并写诵之。 8．对下列句子中加点的词的解释，不正确的一项是：
A．邃引．徽为主簿 引：推荐 B．徽乃遣一人微．劝彦归朝 微：暗中 C．所恨．不得即申明罚 恨：遗憾 D．以徽信洽．西土 洽：融洽 9．下列各句加点字的意义和用法相同的一项是： A．彦遂杀康而．取其位 位尊而．无功，奉厚而无劳 B．以．是事无稽滞 策之不以．其道 C．徽自以无德于．人 苏子与客泛舟游于．赤壁之下 D．因．赋诗，题于清水亭 相如因．持璧却立 10．下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括，不正确的一项是 A．申徽为人审慎，不胡乱与人交往，但对知遇之主却忠义有加，这一点在元邃被囚 4
车押往洛阳时他与“故吏宾客”的不同举动足以证明。 B．申徽办事沉稳周密很有分寸，深得周文的信任，兼任幕府主簿时，发往各地的文书和檄文大都出自他的手笔。河桥之战，军队失利，申徽忠于职守，得到了周文的夸赞。 C．申徽在捉拿刘彦时表现出了他的谋略，先派人规劝试探，不成后又亲自登门去假装帮助刘彦，然后按事先商定的计划终于达到了智擒刘彦的目的。 D．申徽做官一向勤奋、尽职、廉洁，面对百姓的拥戴，却感到有愧，他将这种感受以诗的形式表达出来并刻在一个亭子里，这首诗也极受百姓们的欢迎和喜爱。 11．把文言文阅读材料中划横线的句子翻译成现代汉语（9分） （1）周文察徽沉密有度量，每事信委之，乃为大行台郎中。 答：
（2）属四方多难，朝廷不遑问罪，因授彦刺史。 答：
（3）徽性廉慎，乃画杨震像于寝室以自戒。 答：
12．阅读下面晏几道的两首词，然后回答问题。(8分) 临江仙 晏几道 梦后楼台高锁，酒醒帘幕低垂。去年春恨却来时。落花人独立，微雨燕双飞。 记得小蘋初见，两重心字罗衣。琵琶弦上说相思。当时明月在，曾照彩云归。 鹧鸪天 晏几道 彩袖殷勤捧玉钟。当年拼却醉颜红。舞低杨柳楼心月，歌尽桃花扇底风。 从别后，忆相逢。几回魂梦与君同。今宵剩把银釭照，犹恐相逢是梦中。 （1）两首词在时序安排上是否相同？请作简要分析。（2分） 答：
（2）两首词抒发的情感有何不同？请作简要分析。（4分） 答：
（3）简析“落花人独立，微雨燕双飞”两句词所运用的表现手法及表达效果。（2分） 答： 5
一、（12分，每小题3分） 1．下列词语中加点的字读音和字形都正确的一项是 （ A ） A．秦塞．（sài） 石栈．（zhàn） 猿猱．（náo） 崔嵬．（wãi） B．馔．（zhuàn）玉 欢谑．（nûâ） 沽．（gū）取 荆杞．（qǐ） C．涕泗．（sì） 逾．（yù）矩 谲．（juã）诈 经筵．（yàn） D．福祉．（zhǐ） 濮．（pú）水 蝉．（chán）宗 稗．（bài）官 2．下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一句是 （ C ） A．香港华懋集团主席“小甜甜”龚如心病逝，其丧礼安排逐渐明朗。受聘设计灵堂的花店店主透露，这个花海灵堂相信是史无前例．．．．，令人惊叹。 B．中国唐装艺术委员会副主任张忠祥说，北京奥运承载梦想，中国唐装充满希望，近年来唐装风靡一时．．．．，将唐装作为北京奥运期间中国运动员的礼服，正可以承载品牌、走向世界 C．基金安瑞的持有人代表表决通过了基金安瑞的“封转开”方案。这意味着基金安瑞即将欣开新的一页，华安中小盘成长基金将粉墨登场．．．．，成为华安基金管理公司第8只开放式基金。 D．中国话剧的主流，无论是在农村还是城市，始终是沿着雅俗共赏．．．．的道路发展着的，话剧到群众中去才能发展壮大，把话剧视为高雅艺术，等于自设藩篱。 3．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是 （ B ） A．在《平凡的世界》中，路遥把黄土高原古朴的道德风尚、生活习俗都真实而细腻地刻绘出来，构成一幅中国20世纪70年代中期至80年代中期农村生活。 B．第79届奥斯卡奖当时时间2月25日晚揭晓，根据中国香港影片《无间道》改编拍摄的影片《无间道风云》获得包括最佳影片和最佳导演奖在内的4项大奖。 C．2007年是中国高考制度恢复30周年，在过去我国高等教育资源严重短缺的情况下，高考为国家集中培养、选拔人才发挥了巨大作用。 D．由《于丹心得》再看电视“百家讲坛”这个栏目的成功，首先得益于节目是否有正确的宗旨——“建构时代常识，享受智慧人生”和恰当的文化理念——“聚集知识精英，共享教育资源”。 4．下列句中加点的词语使用正确的一项是 （ D ） A．美国对．恢复中国关贸总协定缔约国地位问题上故意设置重重障碍，激起了世界有正义感国家的强烈不满。 B．汉字改革的种种好处，对于．．每一个同文字打交道的人都是深有体会的。 C．我国一向坚持和平共处五项原则，因为拆诸于．武力无助于问题的解决。 D．大家对于．．这个问题的意见是一致的。