2022-2023学年高二下学期周考卷A
湖南省普通高中2022-2023学年高二下学期学业水平合格性考试数学试题(解析版)

A. B. C. D.
〖答案〗D
〖解析〗由正弦函数与余弦函数的性质可知 , 为奇函数,
, 为偶函数,故A,B错误,
的最小正周期为 , 的最小正周期为 ,故C错误,D正确,
故选:D.
11.设p:四棱柱是正方体,q:四棱柱是长方体,则p是q的()
A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件
13.在 中,角A,B,C所对的边分别为a,b,c.若 , , ,则 ()
A. B. C. D.
〖答案〗C
〖解析〗由余弦定理可得: .
故选:C.
14.在 中,D为BC的中点,设 , ,则 ()
A. B. C. D.
〖答案〗B
〖解析〗由题意得 ,
故 ,
故选:B.
15.函数 在一个周期内的大致图象是()
故选:D.
4.函数 的定义域是()
A. B. C. D.
〖答案〗B
〖解析〗由题意得 ,即 定义域是 .
故选:B.
5.已知i为虚数单位,则 ()
A. B. C. D.
〖答案〗B
〖解析〗由题意得 ,
故选:B.
6.垂直于同一平面的两条直线()
A.平行B.垂直C.相交D.异面
〖答案〗A
〖解析〗若两直线垂直于同一个平面,则两直线平行.
C.充要条件D.既长方体不一定是正方体,
所以p是q的充分不必要条件.
故选:A.
12.已知 ,则 的最大值为()
A. B. 1C. D. 2
〖答案〗D
〖解析〗因为 ,则 ,
所以 ,
当且仅当 ,即 时,等号成立,
所以 ,
所以 的最大值为2.
故选:D.
2022-2023学年高二下学期第二次月考数学试题(解析版)

2024届高二年级下学期第二次月考数学试卷一、单选题(共40分)1. 已知复数满足,( )z ()()31i 1i z --=+z=A.B.C.D.【答案】D 【解析】【分析】先求出复数的代数形式,再求模即可. z 【详解】由得()()31i 1i z --=+,()()()()1i 1i 1i333i 1i 1i 1i z +++=+=+=+--+.z ∴==故选:D.2. 某地政府调查育龄妇女生育意愿与家庭年收入高低的关系时,随机调查了当地3000名育龄妇女,用独立性检验的方法处理数据,并计算得,则根据这一数据以及临界值表,判断育龄妇女生育意27.326χ=愿与家庭年收入高低有关系的可信度( )参考数据如下:,()()()22210.8280.001,7.8790.005, 6.6350.01P P P χχχ≥≈≥≈≥≈.()()223.8410.05, 2.7060.1P P χχ≥≈≥≈A. 低于 B. 低于 C. 高于 D. 高于1%0.5%99%99.5%【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据临界值表求得正确答案.【详解】由于,()27.326 6.635,7.879χ=∈而,()()227.8790.005, 6.6350.01P P χχ≥≈≥≈所以可信度高于. 99%故选:C3. 已知向量满足,且,则在上的投影向量为( ),a b 10a b ⋅= ()3,4b =- a b A. B.C.D. ()6,8-()6,8-68,55⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭68,55⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭【答案】C 【解析】【分析】向量在向量上的投影向量的定义计算即可.a b【详解】解:因为向量,且,那么,()3,4b =- 10a b ⋅=5b == 所以向量在向量上的投影向量为, a b ()3468cos ,555b a b a a b b b-⋅⎛⎫⋅=⋅=- ⎪⎝⎭ ,,故选:C.4. 已知等比数列的前n 项和为,若,则( ){}n a n S 153n n S t -=⨯+t =A. B. 5C.D.5-53-53【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据条件得到,,,从而求出,,,再由数列是等比数列得到,1S 2S 3S 1a 2a 3a {}n a 3212a a a a =即可得到.t 【详解】由题意得:,,, 115S a t ==+21215S a a t =+=+312345S a a a t =++=+即,,, 15a t =+210a =330a =因为数列是等比数列,所以, {}n a 3212a a a a =即,解得:,1030510t =+53t =-故选:C .5. 如图,八面体的每一个面都是正三角形,并且四个顶点在同一平面内,下列结论:①,,,A B C D AE平面;②平面平面;③;④平面平面,正确命题的个数//CDF ABE //CDF AB AD ⊥ACE ⊥BDF 为( )A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4【答案】D 【解析】【分析】根据题意,以正八面体的中心为原点,分别为轴,建立如图所示空间直O ,,OB OC OE ,,x y z 角坐标系,由空间向量的坐标运算以及法向量,对选项逐一判断,即可得到结果.【详解】以正八面体的中心为原点,分别为轴,建立如图所示空间直角坐标系, O ,,OB OC OE ,,x y z 设正八面体的边长为,则2()(()()(0,,,,,0,0,A E C D F 所以,,(()(,,0,AE CD CF ===设面的法向量为,则,解得,取,即CDF (),,n x y z =CD n CF n ⎧⋅==⎪⎨⋅==⎪⎩x z x y =⎧⎨=-⎩1x =()1,1,1n =-又,所以,面,即面,①正确;0AE n ⋅== AE n ⊥AE ⊄CDF AE //CDF 因为,所以,AE CF =- AE //CF 又,面,面,则面,//AB CD AB ⊄CDF CD ⊂CDF //AB CDF 由,平面,所以平面平面,②正确; AB AE A = ,AE AB ⊂ABE AEB //CDF 因为,则,所以,③正确;))(),,BAB AD ==0AB AD ⋅=u u u r u u u rAB AD ⊥易知平面的一个法向量为,平面的一个法向量为,ACE ()11,0,0n =u r BDF ()20,1,0n =u u r因为,所以平面平面,④正确;120n n ⋅=ACE ⊥BDF 故选:D6. 如图,在正三角形的12个点中任取三个点构成三角形,能构成三角形的数量为( )A. 220B. 200C. 190D. 170【答案】C 【解析】【分析】利用间接法,用总数减去不能构成三角形的情况即可.【详解】任取三个点有种,其中三点共线的有种,故能构成三角形个, 312C 353C 33125C 3C 190-=故选:C .7. 已知,分别是双曲线的左、右焦点,过的直线分别交双曲线左、1F 2F ()2222:10,0x y a b a bΓ-=>>1F 右两支于A ,B 两点,点C 在x 轴上,,平分,则双曲线的离心率为( )23CB F A =2BF 1F BC ∠ΓA.B.C.D.【答案】A 【解析】【分析】根据可知,再根据角平分线定理得到的关系,再根据双曲线定23CB F A =2//CB F A 1,BF BC 义分别把图中所有线段用表示出来,根据边的关系利用余弦定理即可解出离心率.,,a b c 【详解】因为,所以∽,23CB F A =12F AF 1F BC △设,则,设,则,. 122FF c =24F C c =1AF t =13BF t =2AB t =因为平分,由角平分线定理可知,, 2BF 1F BC ∠11222142BF F F c BC F C c ===所以,所以, 126BC BF t ==2123AF BC t ==由双曲线定义知,即,,① 212AF AF a -=22t t a -=2t a =又由得,122B F B F a -=2322BF t a t =-=所以,即是等边三角形, 222BF AB AF t ===2ABF △所以.2260F BC ABF ∠=∠=︒在中,由余弦定理知,12F BF 22212121212cos 2BF BF F F F BF BF BF +-∠=⋅⋅即,化简得, 22214942223t t ct t+-=⋅⋅2274t c =把①代入上式得. ce a==故选:A .8. 高斯是德国著名的数学家,近代数学奠基者之一;享有“数学王子“的称号.用他名字定义的函数称为高斯函数,其中表示不超过x 的最大整数,已知数列满足,,()[]f x x =[]x {}n a 12a =26a =,若,为数列的前n 项和,则( )2156n n n a a a +++=[]51log n n b a +=n S 11000n n b b +⎧⎫⎨⎬⋅⎩⎭[]2023S =A. 999 B. 749 C. 499 D. 249【答案】A 【解析】【分析】根据递推关系可得为等比数列,进而可得,由累加法可求解{}1n n a a +-1145n n n a a -+=⨯-,进而根据对数的运算性质可得,根据裂项求和即可求解.151n n a +=+[]51log n n b a n +==【详解】由得,因此数列为公比为5,2156n n n a a a +++=()2115n n n n a a a a +++-=-{}1n n a a +-首项为的等比数列,故,进而根据累加法214a a -=1145n n n a a -+=⨯-得,()()()()1111112024555251n n n n n n n n a a a a a a a a ++---=+++=++-+-++=+- 由于,又,()515log log 51nn a +=+()()()5555log 5log 51log 55log 511nnnnn n <+<⨯⇒<+<+因此,则,故[]51log n n b a n +==()11000100011100011n n n c b b n n n n +⎛⎫===- ⎪⋅⋅++⎝⎭,12110001n n S c c c n ⎛⎫=+++=- ⎪⎝⎭所以, []20231100010001100099920232023S ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎡⎤=-=-= ⎪⎢⎥⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦⎣⎦故选:A【点睛】方法点睛:常见的数列求和的方法有公式法即等差等比数列求和公式,分组求和类似于,其中和分别为特殊数列,裂项相消法类似于,错位相减法类似于n n n c a b =+{}n a {}n b ()11n a n n =+,其中为等差数列,为等比数列等. n n n c a b =⋅{}n a {}n b 二、多选题(共20分)9. 已知方程表示椭圆,下列说法正确的是( )221124x y m m +=--A. m 的取值范围为 B. 若该椭圆的焦点在y 轴上,则 ()4,12()8,12m∈C. 若,则该椭圆的焦距为4 D. 若,则该椭圆经过点6m =10m =(【答案】BC 【解析】【分析】根据椭圆的标准方程和几何性质依次判断选项即可.【详解】A :因为方程表示椭圆,221124x y m m +=--所以,解得,且,故A 错误;12040124m m m m ->⎧⎪->⎨⎪-≠-⎩412m <<8m ≠B :因为椭圆的焦点在y 轴上,221124x y m m +=--所以,解得,故B 正确;4120m m ->->812m <<C :若,则椭圆方程为,6m =22162x y +=所以,从而,故C 正确;222624c a b =-=-=24c =D :若,则椭圆方程为,10m =22126x y +=点的坐标不满足方程,即该椭圆不经过点,故D错误. ((故选:BC.10. 设等差数列的前项和为,,公差为,,,则下列结论正确的是{}n a n n S 10a >d 890a a +>90a <( ) A.0d <B. 当时,取得最大值 8n =n S C.45180a a a ++<D. 使得成立的最大自然数是15 0n S >n 【答案】ABC 【解析】【分析】根据已知可判断,,然后可判断AB ;利用通项公式将转化为可判80a >90a <4518a a a ++9a 断C ;利用下标和性质表示出可判断D.1617,S S 【详解】解:因为等差数列中,,, {}n a 890a a +>90a <所以,,,A 正确; 80a >90a <980d a a =-<当时,取得最大值,B 正确;8n =n S ,C 正确; ()45181193243830a a a a d a d a ++=+=+=<,,()()1611689880S a a a a =+=+>11717917()1702a a S a +==<故成立的最大自然数,D 错误. 0n S >16n =故选:ABC .11. 已知的展开式中第3项与第7项的二项式系数相等,则( ) ()1nx +A.8n =B. 的展开式中项的系数为56 ()1nx +2x C. 奇数项的二项式系数和为128 D. 的展开式中项的系数为56()21nx y +-2xy 【答案】AC 【解析】【分析】利用二项式定理求得的展开通项公式,从而得到关于的方程,解出的值判断AB ,()1nx +n n 利用所有奇数项的二项式系数和为判断C ,根据二项式定理判断D.12n -【详解】因为的展开式通项为,()1nx +1C C k k k kr n n T x x +==所以的展开式的第项的二项式系数为,()1nx +1k +C kn 所以,解得,A 正确; 26C C n n =8n =的系数为,B 错误;2x 28C 28=奇数项的二项式系数和为,C 正确; 1722128n -==根据二项式定理,表示8个相乘,()821x y +-()21x y+-所以中有1个选择,1个选择,6个选择,()21x y+-x 2y-1所以的展开式中项的系数为,D 错误;()21nx y +-2xy ()71187C C 156-=-故选:AC12. 已知小李每天在上班路上都要经过甲、乙两个路口,且他在甲、乙两个路口遇到红灯的概率分别为13,p .记小李在星期一到星期五这5天每天上班路上在甲路口遇到红灯个数之和为,在甲、乙这两个路X 口遇到红灯个数之和为,则( ) Y A. ()54243P X ==B. ()109D X =C. 当时,小李星期一到星期五上班路上恰有3天至少遇到一次红灯的概率为25p =216625D. 当时, 25p =()443E Y =【答案】BC 【解析】【分析】对于AB ,确定,即可求出和,对于C ,表示一天至少遇到红灯15,3X B ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭()4P X =()D X 的概率为,可求出星期一到星期五上班路上恰有3天至少遇到一次红灯的概率的表达式,再将1233p +代入即可求得结果,对于D ,记为周一到周五这五天在乙路口遇到红灯的个数,则25p =ξ()5,B p ξ~,,即可求出.Y X ξ=+()E Y 【详解】对于AB ,小李在星期一到星期五这5天每天上班路上在甲路口遇到红灯个数之和为,且他X 在甲路口遇到红灯的概率为, 13则,15,3X B ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭所以,, ()44511104C 133243P X ⎛⎫⎛⎫==-= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭()111051339D X ⎛⎫=⨯⨯-= ⎪⎝⎭所以A 错误,B 正确,对于C ,由题意可知一天至少遇到一次红灯的概率为, ()112111333p p ⎛⎫---=+ ⎪⎝⎭则小李星期一到星期五上班路上恰有3天至少遇到一次红灯的概率为, 32351212C 13333p p ⎛⎫⎛⎫+--⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭当时,, 25p =323233551212122122216C 1C 13333335335625p p ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫+--=+⨯--⨯= ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭所以C 正确,对于D ,记为周一到周五这五天在乙路口遇到红灯的个数,则,, ξ()5,B p ξ~Y X ξ=+所以, ()()()()1553E Y E X E X E p ξξ=+=+=⨯+当时,,所以D 错误, 25p =()121155353E Y =⨯+⨯=故选:BC三、填空题(共20分)13. 圆心在直线上,且与直线相切于点的圆的方程为______. 2x =-20x +-=(-【答案】 ()2224x y ++=【解析】【分析】设圆心为,记点为,由已知直线与直线垂直,由此可()2,C t -(-A AC 20x -=求,再求可得圆的半径,由此可得圆的方程. t AC【详解】记圆心为点,点为点,C (-A 因为圆心在直线上,故可设圆心的坐标为, C 2x =-C ()2,t -因为圆与直线相切于点, C 20x -=(A -所以直线与直线垂直, CA 20x +-=直线的斜率为 CA 20x +-=, 1⎛=- ⎝所以,0=t 所以圆心为, ()2,0C -圆的半径为,2CA r ===所以圆的方程为. ()2224x y ++=故答案为:.()2224x y ++=14. 已知随机变量,且,若,则的最小()21N ξσ ,()()0P P a ξξ≤=≥()00x y a x y +=>>,12x y+值为_________.【答案】 32+【解析】【分析】先根据正态曲线的对称性可求,结合基本不等式可求答案. 2a =【详解】,可得正态分布曲线的对称轴为,()21,N ξσ1x =又,,即. ()()0P P a ξξ≤=≥12a∴=2a =则()(121121213332222y x x y x y x y x y ⎛⎫⎛⎫+=++=++≥+=+⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭当且仅当,即时,等号成立.y=2,4x y ==-故答案为:. 32+15. 已知数列是等差数列,并且,,若将,,,去掉一项后,剩{}n a 1476a a a ++=60a =2a 3a 4a 5a 下三项依次为等比数列的前三项,则为__________. {}n b 4b 【答案】## 120.5【解析】【分析】先求得,进而求得,,,,根据等比数列的知识求得. n a 2a 3a 4a 5a 4b 【详解】设等差数列的公差为,{}n a d 依题意,则,147660a a a a ++=⎧⎨=⎩1139650a d a d +=⎧⎨+=⎩解得,所以,151a d =⎧⎨=-⎩6n a n =-+所以, 23454,3,2,1a a a a ====通过观察可知,去掉后,3a 成等比数列,2454,2,1a a a ===所以等比数列的首项为,公比为,{}n b 412所以.3411422b ⎛⎫=⨯= ⎪⎝⎭故答案为:1216. 设奇函数在上为单调递减函数,且,则不等式的解集()f x (0,)+∞()20f =3()2()05f x f x x--≤为___________【答案】 [)(]2,00,2-U 【解析】【分析】分析函数的奇偶性、单调性和取值范围,即可得到不等式的解集. 【详解】由题意,,x ∈R 在中,为奇函数且在上单调递减,()y f x =()f x ()0,∞+()20f =∴,,函数在和上单调递减,()()f x f x =--()()220f f -==(),0∞-()0,∞+∴当和时,;当和时,. (),2-∞-()0,2()0f x >()2,0-()2,+∞()0f x >∵,3()2()05f x f x x--≤∴,即,3()2()3()2()()055f x f x f x f x f x x x x ----==-≤()0f x x≥当时,解得:;当时,解得:, 0x <20x -≤<0x >02x <≤∴不等式解集为:,3()2()05f x fx x--≤[)(]2,00,2-U 故答案为:.[)(]2,00,2-U 四、解答题(共70分)17. 已知向量,,且函数.()cos ,1m x =)2,cos n x x =()f x m n =⋅(1)求函数的单调增区间;()f x (2)若中,分别为角对的边,,求的取值范围. ABC ,,a b c ,,A B C ()2cos cos -=a c B b C π26A f ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭【答案】(1)πππ,π,Z 36k k k ⎡⎤-++∈⎢⎥⎣⎦(2) 30,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭【解析】【分析】(1)由题知,再根据三角函数性质求解即可; ()1sin 262πf x x ⎛⎫=++ ⎪⎝⎭(2)由正弦定理边角互化,结合恒等变换得,进而得,,再根据三角函数1cos 2B =π3B =2π0,3A ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭的性质求解即可. 【小问1详解】因为向量,,且函数()cos ,1m x =)2,cos n x x =()f x m n =⋅所以 ()211π1cos cos cos2sin 22262f x m n x x x x x x ⎛⎫=⋅=+=++=++ ⎪⎝⎭ 令,解得, πππ2π22π262k x k -+≤+≤+ππππ,Z 36k x k k -+≤≤+∈所以,函数的单调增区间为.()f x πππ,π,Z 36k k k ⎡⎤-++∈⎢⎥⎣⎦【小问2详解】因为,()2cos cos -=a c B b C由正弦定理可得:, 2sin cos sin cos sin cos A B C B B C -=即,2sin cos sin cos sin cos A B C B B C =+因为, ()sin cos sin cos sin sin C B B C B C A +=+=所以,2sin cos sin A B A =因为,所以, ()0,π,sin 0A A ∈≠1cos 2B =因为,所以,所以, ()0,πB ∈π3B =2π0,3A ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭所以, πππ11sin cos 263622A f A A ⎛⎫⎛⎫+=+++=+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭所以;π13cos 0,2622A f A ⎛⎫⎛⎫+=+∈⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭所以,的取值范围为.π26A f ⎛⎫+⎪⎝⎭30,2⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭18. 已知正项数列中,.{}n a 2113,223(2)n n n a S S a n -=+=-≥(1)求的通项公式; {}n a (2)若,求的前n 项和. 2nn na b ={}n b n T 【答案】(1) 21n a n =+(2) 2552n nn T +=-【解析】【分析】(1)根据计算即可得解;11,1,2n n n S n a S S n -=⎧=⎨-≥⎩(2)利用错位相减法求解即可.【小问1详解】当时,,2n =2212212222324212,0S S a a a a a +=-=+=+>解得,25a =由当时,, 2n ≥21223n n n S S a -+=-得当时,,3n ≥2121223n n n S S a ---+=-两式相减得,即,()22112n n n n a a a a --+=-()()()1112n n n n n n a a a a a a ---++-=又,所以,0n a >()123n n a a n --=≥又适合上式,212a a -=所以数列是以为首项,为公差的等差数列, {}n a 32所以; 21n a n =+【小问2详解】, 2122n n n n a n b +==则, 1223521222n n n n T b b b +=+++=+++ , 231135212122222n n n n n T +-+=++++ 两式相减得 2311322221222222n n n n T ++=++++- 211111121122222n n n -++⎛⎫=+++++- ⎪⎝⎭111121212212n n n +-+=+--, 152522n n ++=-所以. 2552n nn T +=-19. 如图,在四棱锥中,侧面底面,,底面是平行四边形,S ABCD -SCD ⊥ABCD SC SD =ABCD ,,,分别为线段的中点. π3BAD ∠=2AB =1AD =,MN ,CD AB(1)证明:平面;BD ⊥SMN (2)若直线与平面所成角的大小为,求二面角的余弦值. SA ABCD π6C SBD --【答案】(1)证明见解析(2)【解析】【分析】(1)利用勾股定理、面面垂直和线面垂直的性质可证得,,由线面垂直BD MN ⊥SM BD ⊥的判定可证得结论;(2)根据线面角的定义可知,设,取中点,根据垂直关系可以为π6SAM ∠=MN BD O = SN F O 坐标原点建立空间直角坐标系,利用二面角的向量求法可求得结果. 【小问1详解】,,,, 2AB = 1AD =π3BAD ∠=2222cos 3BD AB AD AB AD BAD ∴=+-⋅∠=即,,,BD =222AD BD AB ∴+=AD BD ∴⊥分别为中点,四边形为平行四边形,,;,M N ,CD AB ABCD //MN AD ∴BD MN ∴⊥,为中点,,SC SD = M CD SM CD ∴⊥平面平面,平面平面,平面,SCD ⊥ABCD SCD ABCD CD =SM ⊂SCD 平面,又平面,;SM ∴⊥ABCD BD ⊂ABCD SM BD ∴⊥,平面,平面.SM MN M = ,SM MN ⊂SMN BD ∴⊥SMN 【小问2详解】 连接,AM 由(1)知:平面,则与平面所成角为,即, SM ⊥ABCD SA ABCD SAM ∠π6SAM ∠=在中,,, ADM △1AD DM ==2ππ3ADC BAD ∠=-∠=,解得:2222cos 3AM AD DM AD DM ADC ∴=+-⋅∠=AM =,; 2πcos 6AMSA ∴==πtan 16SM AM ==设,取中点,连接,MN BD O = SN F OF 分别为中点,,又平面,,O F ,MN SN //OF SM ∴SM ⊥ABCD 平面,又,OF ∴⊥ABCD MN BD ⊥则以为坐标原点,正方向为轴,可建立如图所示空间直角坐标系,O ,,OM OB OF,,x y z则,,,,C ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭1,0,12S ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭B ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭0,D ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,,,112SB ⎛⎫∴=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭()1,0,0CB =()DB = 设平面的法向量,SBC (),,n x y z =则,令,解得:,,;1020SB n x y z CB n x ⎧⋅=+-=⎪⎨⎪⋅==⎩2y =0x=z=(0,n ∴= 设平面的法向量,SBD (),,m a b c =则,令,解得:,,;1020SB m a c DB m ⎧⋅=+-=⎪⎨⎪⋅==⎩2a =0b =1c =()2,0,1m ∴= ,cos m n m n m n⋅∴<⋅>===⋅ 二面角为钝二面角,二面角的余弦值为C SBD --∴C SB D --20. 2023年1月26日,世界乒乓球职业大联盟(WTT )支线赛多哈站结束,中国队包揽了五个单项冠军,乒乓球单打规则是首先由发球员发球2次,再由接发球员发球2次,两者交替,胜者得1分.在一局比赛中,先得11分的一方为胜方(胜方至少比对方多2分),10平后,先多得2分的一方为胜方,甲、乙两位同学进行乒乓球单打比赛,甲在一次发球中,得1分的概率为,乙在一次发球中,得1分35的概率为,如果在一局比赛中,由乙队员先发球.12(1)甲、乙的比分暂时为8:8,求最终甲以11:9赢得比赛的概率; (2)求发球3次后,甲的累计得分的分布列及数学期望. 【答案】(1)625(2)分布列见详解, 85【解析】【分析】(1)根据题意可得甲以11:9赢得比赛,则甲再得到3分,乙得到1分,且甲得到最后一分,再根据独立事件的乘法公式求概率即可;(2)根据题意可得X 的可能取值为0,1,2,3,求出相应的概率列出分布列,再求其数学期望即可. 【小问1详解】甲以11:9赢得比赛,共计20次发球,在后4次发球中,需甲在最后一次获胜,最终甲以11:9赢得比赛的概率为:. 22212131236C 2525525P ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=⨯⨯+⨯⨯=⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭【小问2详解】设甲累计得分为随机变量X ,X 的可能取值为0,1,2,3.,()212102510P X ⎛⎫==⨯= ⎪⎝⎭, ()2212121371C 252520P X ⎛⎫⎛⎫==⨯⨯+⨯=⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,()2212131222C 25255P X ⎛⎫⎛⎫==⨯⨯+⨯= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,()213332520P X ⎛⎫==⨯=⎪⎝⎭∴随机变量X 的分布列为: X 0123P110 720 25 320∴. ()17238012310205205E X =⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯=21. 已知某种商品的价格(单位:元)和需求量(单位:件)之间存在线性关系,下表是试营业期间记录的数据(对应的需求量因污损缺失): 24x =价格x16 17 18 192024需求量y 5549424036经计算得,,,由前组数据计算出的关于的线性回归5211630i ix==∑52110086ii y ==∑513949i i i x y ==∑5y x 方程为. 4710y x a=-+(1)估计对应的需求量y (结果保留整数);24x =(2)若对应的需求量恰为(1)中的估计值,求组数据的相关系数(结果保留三位小数).24x =6r 附:相关系数. r ==328.8769≈【答案】(1)16(2) 0.575-【解析】【分析】(1)计算前五组数据价格、需求量,,代入回归直线方程求出值,再代入18x =2225y =a 即可;24x =(2)求出六组数据价格、需求量的平均值,,以及与相关系数有关的数值,代入计算即可. x 'y '【小问1详解】记前五组数据价格、需求量的平均值分别为,,x y 由题设知,. 511185i i x x ===∑51122255i i y y ===∑因为回归直线经过样本中心,所以,解得. (),x y 2224718510a =-⨯+129a =即, 4712910x y -+=所以时对应的需求量(件). 24x =47241291610y =-⨯+≈【小问2详解】设六组数据价格、需求量的平均值分别为,,则,,x 'y '611196i i x x ===∑61111963i i y y ===∑,,.6212206ii x==∑62110342i i y ==∑514333i i i xy ==∑所以相关系数. 0.575r ==≈-22. 已知点,经过轴右侧一动点作轴的垂线,垂足为,且.记动点的(1,0)F y A y M ||||1AF AM -=A 轨迹为曲线.C (1)求曲线的方程;C (2)设经过点的直线与曲线相交于,两点,经过点,且为常数)的直(1,0)B -C P Q (1,)((0,2)D t t ∈t 线与曲线的另一个交点为,求证:直线恒过定点. PD C N QN 【答案】(1)()240y x x =>(2)证明见解析 【解析】【分析】(1)设,根据距离公式得到方程,整理即可;()(),0A x y x >(2)设、、,表示出直线的方程,由点在直线上,代()11,P x y ()22,Q x y ()33,N x y PQ ()1,0B -PQ 入可得,同理可得,再表示出直线,代入可得124y y =()13231y y ty y y ++=QN ,即可得到直线过定点坐标.()()()131441y y ty y x +-=-QN 【小问1详解】解:设,则, ()(),0A x y x >()0,M y 因为,||||1AF AM -=又,整理得.0x >1x =+()240y x x =>【小问2详解】证明:设、、,()11,P x y ()22,Q x y ()33,N x y 所以, 121222121212444PQ y y y y k y y x x y y --===-+-所以直线的方程为,PQ ()11124y y x x y y -=-+因为点在直线上,()1,0B -PQ 所以,即,解得①, ()111241y x y y -=--+21112414y y y y ⎛⎫-=-- ⎪+⎝⎭124y y =同理可得直线的方程为,PN ()11134y y x x y y -=-+又在直线上,所以,易得, ()1,D t PN ()111341t y x y y -=-+1y t ≠解得②,()13231y y ty y y ++=所以直线的方程为,即③,QN ()22234y y x x y y -=-+()23234y y y x y y +=+将②式代入③式化简得,又, ()1311234y y ty y x y y y +=+124y y =即, ()131344y y ty y x y +=+即, ()()()131441y y ty y x +-=-所以直线恒过定点.QN 41,t ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭。
2022-2023学年吉林省长春市高二下学期基础教育质量监测能力抽测数学试题【含答案】

2022-2023学年吉林省长春市高二下学期基础教育质量监测能力抽测数学试题一、单选题1.已知复数(其中i 是虚数单位),则z 在复平面内对应的点的坐标是( )1i iz +=A .(1,1)B .(1,-1)C .(-1,1)D .(-1,-1)【答案】B【分析】利用复数的除法求得复数,然后利用几何意义求得z 在复平面内对应的点的坐标.z 【详解】复数,1i i z +=()21i i 1ii +==-则z 在复平面内对应的点的坐标是(1,-1),故选:B.2.幂函数的图象过点,则( )()f x x α=12⎛ ⎝(2)f =AB .C .D212【答案】A【解析】先求得,然后求得的值.α()2f 【详解】由于幂函数的图象过点,所以,()f x x α=12⎛ ⎝12111222αα⎛⎫⎛⎫==⇒= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭所以,所以()12f x x=()1222f ==故选:A3.下列函数定义域为且在定义域内单调递增的是 ()0,∞+()A .B .C .D .xy e=1πy log x=-y =12y log x=【答案】B【分析】根据题意,依次分析选项中函数的定义域以及单调性,即可得答案.【详解】解:根据题意,依次分析选项:对于A ,,为指数函数,其定义域为R ,不符合题意;xy e =对于B ,,为对数函数,定义域为且在定义域内单调递增,符合题意;1ππy log x log x=-=()0,∞+对于C ,,不符合题意;y =[)0,∞+对于D ,,为对数函数,定义域为且在定义域内单调递减,不符合题意;12y log x=()0,∞+故选B .【点睛】本题考查函数的定义域以及单调性的判定,涉及对数函数的性质,属于基础题.4.若集合,,则下列结论正确的是( ){}21A x x =-<{}(1)(4)0B x x x =--≥A .B .C .D .A B ⋂=∅A B =R A B ⊆R B A⊆ 【答案】A【分析】解不等式求得集合A 、B ,然后逐一验证所给选项即可.【详解】,{}{}{}2112113A x x x x x x =-<=-<-<=<<,,{}{}(1)(4)014B x x x x x x =--≥=≤≥或{}R14B x x =<< ,选项A 正确;A B ⋂=∅,选项B 错误;{}34A B x x x ⋃=<≥或不是的子集,选项C 错误;A B ,选项D 错误.R A B⊆ 故选:A .5.为不断满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要,实现群众对舒适的居住条件、更优美的环境、更丰富的精神文化生活的追求,某大型广场正计划进行升级改造.改造的重点工程之一是新建一个长方形音乐喷泉综合体,该项目由长方形核心喷泉区(阴影部分)和四周绿化带组成.规1111D C B A ABCD 划核心喷泉区的面积为,绿化带的宽分别为和(如图所示).当整个项目占地ABCD 21000m 2m 5m 面积最小时,则核心喷泉区的长度为( )1111D C B A BCA .B .C .D .20m 50m 100m【答案】B【解析】设,得到的值,进而求得矩形面积的表达式,利用基本不等式求得面BC x =CD 1111D C B A 积的最小值,,而根据基本不等式等号成立的条件求得此时的长.BC【详解】设,则,所以BC x =1000CD x =11111000(10)(4)A B C D S x x=++,100001040(4x x =++10401440≥+=当且仅当,即时,取“”号,100004x x =50x ==所以当时,最小.50x =1111A B C D S 故选:B .【点睛】本小题主要考查矩形面积的最小值的计算,考查利用基本不等式求最值,属于基础题.6.将函数的图象向右平移单位后,所得图象对应的函数解析式为( )24y x π⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭12πA .B .5212y x π⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭5212y x π⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭C .D .212y x π⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭212y x π⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭【答案】D【分析】先将函数中x 换为x-后化简即可.24y x π⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭12π【详解】化解为2(124y x ππ⎛⎫-+ ⎪⎝⎭212y x π⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭故选D【点睛】本题考查三角函数平移问题,属于基础题目,解题中根据左加右减的法则,将x 按要求变换.7.设是直线,是两个不同的平面,那么下列判断正确的是( )l αβ、A .若,则.B .若,则.,∥∥l l αβαβ∥,l l αβ⊥∥αβ⊥C .若,则.D .若,则.,l αβα⊥⊥l β ,l αβα⊥∥l β 【答案】B【分析】根据各选项中线面、面面的位置关系,结合平面的基本性质判断线面、面面关系即可.【详解】对于A ,若,,则可能平行、相交,A 错误;//l αl //β,αβ对于B ,若,过的平面且,则,而即,又,则,B //l αl γm γα= //l m l β⊥m β⊥m α⊂αβ⊥正确;对于C ,若,,则或,C 错误;αβ⊥l α⊥l //βl β⊂对于D ,若,,则或或线面相交,D 错误.αβ⊥//l αl //βl β⊂故选:B 8.已知向量,,则下列说法正确的是( )()2,1a =()3,1b =-A .B .向量在向量上的投影向量是//a ba bC .D .与向量方向相同的单位向量是24a b += a【答案】D【分析】利用向量平行的坐标表示判断A ;根据投影向量定义求向量在向量上的投影向量判断a bB ;应用向量数量积运算律求判断C ;由单位向量定义求与向量方向相同的单位向量判断2a b+ a D.【详解】A :由,故不成立,错;211(3)⨯≠⨯-//a bB :由,错;1||cos ,2||||||b a b b a a b bb b b ⋅⋅=⋅=-C :,则,错;2222445204025a b a a b b +=+⋅+=-+=25a b += D :与向量方向相同的单位向量是,对.a||a a = 故选:D9.如图,已知六棱锥P -ABCDEF 的底面是正六边形,PA ⊥平面ABC ,则下列结论正确的是A .PB ⊥ADB .平面PAB ⊥平面PBC C .直线BC ∥平面PAED .直线CD ⊥平面PAC【答案】D【分析】由题意,分别根据线面位置关系的判定定理和性质定理,逐项判定,即可得到答案.【详解】因为AD 与PB 在平面ABC 内的射影AB 不垂直,所以A 答案不正确.过点A 作PB 的垂线,垂足为H ,若平面PAB ⊥平面PBC ,则AH ⊥平面PBC ,所以AH ⊥BC.又PA ⊥BC ,所以BC ⊥平面PAB ,则BC ⊥AB ,这与底面是正六边形不符,所以B 答案不正确.若直线BC ∥平面PAE ,则BC ∥AE ,但BC 与AE 相交,所以C 答案不正确.故选D.【点睛】本题考查线面位置关系的判定与证明,熟练掌握空间中线面位置关系的定义、判定、几何特征是解答的关键,其中垂直、平行关系证明中应用转化与化归思想的常见类型:(1)证明线面、面面平行,需转化为证明线线平行;(2)证明线面垂直,需转化为证明线线垂直;(3)证明线线垂直,需转化为证明线面垂直.10.已知函数若方程f (x )=m 有4个不同的实根x 1,x 2,x 3,x 4,且()()22log 113816,3x x f x x x x ⎧-<≤⎪=⎨-+>⎪⎩x 1<x 2<x 3<x 4,则()(x 3+x 4)=( )1211+x x A .6B .7C .8D .9【答案】C【分析】画出f (x )的图象,由对称性可得x 3+x 4=8,对数的运算性质可得x 1x 2=x 1+x 2,代入要求的式子,可得所求值.【详解】作出函数f (x )的图象如图,()221138163log x x x x x ⎧-≤⎪=⎨-+⎪⎩,<,>f (x )=m 有四个不同的实根x 1,x 2,x 3,x 4且x 1<x 2<x 3<x 4,可得x 3+x 4=8,且|log 2(x 1﹣1)|=|log 2(x 2﹣1)|,即为log 2(x 1﹣1)+log 2(x 2﹣1)=0,即有(x 1﹣1)(x 2﹣1)=1,即为x 1x 2=x 1+x 2,可得()(x 3+x 4)=x 3+x 4=8.1211x x +故选C .【点睛】本题考查分段函数的图象和应用,考查图象的对称性和对数的运算性质,属于中档题.二、填空题11.求值:______.sin 75cos 75︒⋅︒=【答案】.14【详解】分析:直接应用正弦函数的二倍角公式即可.详解: sin75cos75︒⋅︒=011sin150.24=故答案为.14点睛:本题主要考查同角三角函数的基本关系、二倍角的正弦公式的应用,属于基础题.一般,,这三者我们成为三姐妹,结合,可以知sin cos sin cos αααα+-,sin *cos αα22sin cos 1αα+=一求三.12.有一道数学难题,在半小时内,甲、乙能解决的概率都是,丙能解决的概率是,若3人试1213图独立地在半小时内解决该难题,则该难题得到解决的概率为___.【答案】56【分析】根据独立事件的乘法公式和概率的性质求解.【详解】设“在半小时内,甲、乙、丙能解决该难题”分别为事件A ,B ,C ,“在半小时内解该难题得到解决”为事件D ,则,,,表示事件“在半小时内没有解决该难题”,1()()2P A P B ==1()3P C =D A B C = D ,D ABC =所以,1121()()(((2236P D P ABC P A P B P C ====;5()1(6P D P D =-=故答案为:.5613,则这个圆锥的外接球体积为______________.【答案】【分析】由圆锥的侧面积得出圆锥的底面半径,设出球的半径,根据题意得出关系式求出球的半径,进而得出球的体积.【详解】解:设圆锥的底面半径为,r ,侧面积,解得,r=r =所以,圆锥的高h =设球半径为R ,球心为,其过圆锥的轴截面如图所示,O 由题意可得,,即,解得222()R h R r-+=22)3R R +=R =所以,.34R 3V π==故答案为:.三、双空题14.直线:截圆的弦为,则的最小值为l 10mx y -+=224640x y xy ++-+=MN MN __________,此时的值为__________.m 【答案】21【分析】设圆心到直线的距离为,则l dd然后由MN =MN ==进而利用均值不等式可求解【详解】可化简为,224640xy x y ++-+=22(2)(3)9x y ++-=设圆心到直线的距离为,则l d dMN====,当时,有最小值,当时,没===m>MNm<MN有最小值,所以,当且仅当时,等号成立,此时,1=mm1m=故答案为:①2;②1【点睛】关键点睛:解题关键在于求出MN==答案,属于中档题四、解答题15.某校对100名高一学生的某次数学测试成绩进行统计,分成五组,得到如图所示频率分布直方图.[50,60),[60,70),[70,80),[80,90),[90,100](1)求图中a的值;(2)估计该校高一学生这次数学成绩的众数和平均数;(3)估计该校高一学生这次数学成绩的75%分位数.【答案】(1)0.01a=(2)众数为,平均数为7575.5(3)84【分析】(1)由频率分布直方图的性质,列出方程,即可求解;可得,()0.020.0250.035101a a++++⨯=(2)根据频率分布直方图的中众数的概念和平均数的计算公式,即可求解;(3)因为50到80的频率和为0.65,50到90的频率和为0.9,结合百分数的计算方法,即可求解.【详解】(1)解:由频率分布直方图的性质,可得,()0.020.0250.035101a a ++++⨯=解得.0.01a =(2)解:根据频率分布直方图的中众数的概念,可得众数为,75平均数为.0.1550.2650.35750.25850.19575.5⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯=(3)解:因为50到80的频率和为0.65,50到90的频率和为0.9,所以75%分位数为.0.75(0.10.20.35)8010840.25-+++⨯=16.在中,ABC222.b c a +=(1)求的值;cos A (2)若,,求的值.2B A=b =a 【答案】(1)2).cos A =2【分析】(1)利用余弦定理可求得的值;cos A (2)利用二倍角的正弦公式求出的值,然后利用正弦定理可求得的值.sin B a 【详解】(1)因为在中,,所以,ABC 222b c a +=222c 2os b ca A cb =+=-=(2)由(1)知,,所以02A π<<sin A ==因为,所以2B A=sin sin 22sin cos 2B A A A ====又因为,由正弦定理,可得B =sin sin a bA B =sin 2.sin b Aa B===17.设为奇函数,a 为常数.131()log 1axf x x -=-(1)求a 的值.(2)若,不等式恒成立,求实数m 的取值范围.[2,4]x ∀∈1()3xf x x m⎛⎫+>+ ⎪⎝⎭【答案】(1);(2).1a =-89m <【解析】(1)由奇函数的性质,代入运算后可得,代入验证即可得解;()()0f x f x -+=1a =±(2)转化条件为对于恒成立,令131log 113xx x m x +<⎛⎫- ⎝+⎪⎭-[2,4]x ∀∈,结合函数的单调性求得即可得解.()[]131log ,2,4113xx g x x x x ⎛⎫-+=+⎝⎭∈- ⎪()min g x 【详解】(1)因为为奇函数,131()log 1axf x x -=-则1113331111()()log log log 1111ax ax ax ax f x f x x x x x +-⎡+-⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫-+=+= ⎪⎪⎢⎥------⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦,()21231log 01ax x -==-则,所以即,()22111ax x -=-21a =1a =±当时,,不合题意;1a =()11331()log log 11xf x x -==--当时,,由可得或,满足题意;1a =-131()log 1x f x x +=-101xx +>-1x >1x <-故;1a =-(2)由可得,1()3xf x x m⎛⎫+>+ ⎪⎝⎭131log 113xx x m x ⎛⎫>+ +⎪⎭+⎝-则对于恒成立,131log 113xx x m x +<⎛⎫- ⎝+⎪⎭-[2,4]x ∀∈令,()[]131log ,2,4113xx g x x x x ⎛⎫-+=+⎝⎭∈- ⎪因为函数在上单调递减,12111x y x x +==+--[2,4]所以函数在上单调递增,131log 1xy x +=-[2,4]所以在上单调递增,所以,()g x [2,4]()()1min 32log 182993g x g -===+所以.89m <【点睛】关键点点睛:解决本题的关键是将恒成立问题转化为求函数的最值.18.如图,在正方体中,棱长为2.1111ABCD A B C D -(1)证明:;1AC BD ⊥(2)求二面角的平面角的余弦值.1D AC B --【答案】(1)证明见解析;(2)【分析】(1)连结交于点O ,证明平面,利用线面垂直的性质定理即可证明BD AC AC ⊥1BDD ;1AC BD ⊥(2)连结,证明是二面角的平面角.利用由余弦定理求出的111AD CD OD 、、1BOD ∠1D AC B --1BOD ∠大小即可.【详解】(1)连结交于点O ,在正方形中,,BD AC ABCD AC BD ⊥平面,平面,1DD ⊥ ABCD AC ⊂ABCD ,,,平面,1AC DD ∴⊥1DD BD D = 1DD BD ⊂1BDD 平面,又平面,.AC ∴⊥1BDD 1BD ⊂ 1BDD 1AC BD ∴⊥(2)连结.111AD CD OD 、、在正方体中,,O 是线段的中点,,1111ABCD A B C D -11AD CD =AC 1D O AC ⊥在中,,,ABC AB BC =BO AC ⊥是二面角的平面角.1BOD ∴∠1D AC B --在中,1BOD △2BD BO ====1BD ===1OD ===由余弦定理得:1cos BOD ∴∠==即二面角的平面角的余弦值为1D AC B --。
2022-2023学年高二下学期模拟考试历史试题 Word版含解析

2022~2023学年度第二学期模拟考试试卷讲评高二历史考生注意:1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。
满分100分,考试时间90分钟。
2.答题前,考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。
3.考生作答时,请将答案答在答题卡上。
选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答,走超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。
一、选择题(本大题共24小题,每小题2分,共计48分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一项是最符合题目要求的。
)1.在我国思想文化发展的第一个枝繁叶茂时期,有位思想家把自己描述为传统的传承者和捍卫者,而不是革新者。
这位思想家是()A.老子B.韩非子C.孔子D.董仲舒C[根据所学知识可知,孔子把自己描述为传统的传承者和捍卫者,故选C 项。
]2.据《春秋公羊传》记载,公元前603年晋灵公派一勇士杀大夫赵盾,勇士从赵府窗户里偷看到赵盾正在吃只有鱼的晚饭,惊叹其“为晋国重卿,而食鱼飨”,不忍杀之,遂拔剑自刎而死。
这一记载意在说明()A.春秋时期战乱频繁民生凋敝B.晋灵公专制残暴残害忠良C.春秋时社会有崇俭尚贤之风D.鱼已成为民众的基本食物C[由“只有鱼的晚饭”“惊叹”“为晋国重卿,而食鱼飨”可知,赵盾身为重臣,却保持简朴的生活作风,这是勇士不忍杀他,反而自杀的原因,故选C 项;赵盾吃得节俭,不能反映出民生凋敝,排除A项;赵盾为“晋国重卿”,晋灵公不是直接下令杀他,反而是派出勇士暗杀,说明这时晋国还没有实现绝对专制,排除B项;材料中没有涉及普通民众的食谱,赵盾吃鱼不等同于民众吃鱼,排除D项。
]3.汉武帝“兴太学,修郊祀……协音律,作诗乐,建封禅,礼百神,绍周后,号令文章……有三代之风。
”上述材料评价汉武帝的侧重点是() A.尊崇儒术B.抑制相权C.解除边患D.削弱封国A[根据“兴太学,修郊祀……协音律,作诗乐”并结合所学知识可知,汉武帝时期太学以儒家经典为教授内容,故材料体现的是尊崇儒术,故选A项;抑制相权属于政治,材料涉及的是思想,排除B项;“兴太学,修郊祀……”等与边患无关,排除C项;太学是中央官学不是封国,排除D项。
安徽省2022-2023学年高二下学期4月阶段期中联考试题 英语

2022-2023年度安徽省高二4月阶段联考英语满分150分考试时间:120分钟第一部分听力第二部分阅读部分(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.7分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
AFour comediesHoney, I Shrunk The Kids‘Honey, I Shrunk The Kids’ (1989) is a fascinating comedy and science fiction film. The plot involves the story about a scientist, who invents an electromagnetic shrinking machine, which he accidentally tests on his own children. Watch this comedy with your family members, as it offers a charming, high-spirited sense of adventure and abundance of useful English phrases.Ocean’s 8‘Ocean’s 8’ (2018) is an adventurous action comedy. Debbie Ocean, the sister of legendary Danny Ocean, gathers an all-female crew to attempt an impossible robbery of the annual Met Gala in New York City. Their goal is a necklace worth in excess of 150 million dollars. This is the movie where you can find dozens of useful phrases and expressions in English.The Proposal“The Proposal” (2009) is a romantic comedy about a self-confident boss, who makes her young assistant marry her to keep her visa statue in the US and avoid deportation(驱逐) to Canada. It is a perfect choice of the movie in English to watch with your beloved one. After watching it, you will have a lot to discuss with your partner. Do it in English, please.Home Alone‘Home Alone’ (1990) is a comedy that most people can watch endlessly. The story of a little eight-year-old boy, who defends his home from burglars after his family mistakenly leaves him behind on the Christmas vacation, is famous worldwide. Each English learner should watch it at least once in the original. There are no high-sounding words, only useful vocabulary for everyday communication.21. What is known about Honey, I Shrunk The Kids?A. It is a romantic family comedy.B. It is a science fiction movie.C. It is an adventurous action comedy.D. It is most suitable for a couple.22. Which movie has something to do with festivals?A. Honey, I Shrunk The KidsB. Ocean’s 8C. The ProposalD. Home Alone23. In what aspect can the four movies help you?A. Learning English.B. Improving acting skills.C. Appreciating necklace.D. Finding a partner.BThis week, I had the honor of visiting with a music therapist(治疗师), Geogia, from Seasons Hospice(临终关怀) in Columbia, MD. I was deeply moved by the connection and spirituality that I witnessed during my visit. As a profession who plays a musical instrument, I believe in the power of music to go beyond words and connect people.I have been disabused of any ides that music therapy is simply about playing a guitar. In the hands of a skilled music therapist like Seasons’ Georgia, the guitar and voice are spiritual and deeply connected tools that can be extremely meaningful to a patient that is in pain, or family that is in need of healing.Georgia, her colleague Sophie and I visited two patients at one of Seasons’ inpatient units. One, Ms. Anne, requested Johnny Cash songs initially. I sang along with her to “I Walk the Line”. We then learned from her nephew that she led a church chorus for 50 years. As Georgia played the guitar, Ms. Anne said that she was ready to go, ready to relieve the burden on her family.Ms. Anne’s second song request was “My Hope is Built on Nothing Less.” I hadn’t heard this song before, but I was so moved to see and hear Georgia and Ms. Smith harmonize beautifully, with Ms. Anne repeating the last line—“All other ground is sinking sand”—twice. Ms. Anne sang theselines with a certainly and unshakable belief. We all knew, somehow, that Ms. Anne would soon die. As I leaned in to speak with Ms. Anne, she asked me why I didn’t sing with her. I told her that I didn’t want to mess up her beautiful two part harmony. She smiled, as if she knew that I didn’t really know the words. Two hours later, Ms. Anne died.24. What is probably the author?A. A patient.B. A musician.C. A physician.D. A nurse.25. What does the author think of music therapists?A. They compose songs to cheer patients up.B. They are groups of people who play guitars.C. They provide peace to patients at the end of life.D. They have the right to visit any hospital freely.26. What can you infer about Ms. Anne from the text?A. She was an expert in singing.B. She was a relative of Georgia.C. She was a burden of her family.D. She was easily moved by others’ visit.27. Why did the author fail to sing the second song with Ms. Anne?A. He was too sick to sing a word.B. He didn’t really know the song.C. He lacked harmony with others.D. He made no request for the song.CScientists have shown that humans appear to have an ability to understand the sighs of apes. The result is a little surprising, since most people haven’t spent much time at all with apes.Humans use words to talk to each other. But we also point, nod, and use our hands to show what we mean. We’ve been doing this for tens of thousands of years. Apes have their own system of gestures (special movements or signs) to show what they mean. They use about 80 different gestures to show what they mean. For example, a gesture the researchers call “big loud scratch” means “help pick insects off me”.Scientists have studied how apes use gestures. But until now, no one has studied whether humans can understand the gestures of apes. Researchers Kirsty Graham and Catherine Hobaiter at the University of St. Andrews decided to verify this idea. They wanted to see if humans with no training or experience could understand the gestures of apes.The researchers created a game for people to play online. The game was simple. People watched short videos of apes making a gesture. Then they had to choose the correct meaning of the gesture out of four possible answers.For the videos, the researchers chose 10 of the most common gestures used by apes. Thousands of people played the game. They were surprised to find that people were able to choose the correct meaning of the gestures over 50% of the time. That’s twice as good as people would be expected to do by chance.For some of the gestures, people were able to choose the correct meaning about 80% of the time. One example of this was the gesture of wiping the mouth, which people correctly guessed meant “give me that food”. The scientists believe that humans may have a natural ability to understand the gestures of apes. But it’s not clear why.28. What does the underlined word “verify” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Quit.B. Believe.C. Trail.D. Admit.29. How do researchers show whether humans could understand the gestures of apes?A. By using an online game.B. By interacting with apes.C. By watching short video. C. By studying apes’ habits.30. What gesture will apes use to show “give me that food”?A. Big loud scratch.B. Wiping the mouth.C. Reaching the hand.D. Biting the lips.31. What’s the main idea of the text?A. Apes have their own system of gestures.B. Humans make the same gestures as apes.C. Different gestures show different meanings.D. Humans can understand signals used by apes.DThere are dozens of action and horror films, all focusing on artificial intelligence and whathappens when robots take over. While this makes for great entertainment, some people take this idea to heart and are terrified of robots taking over their work. This slight panic by some mirrors what we know from history; when electricity was discovered and mass produced, everyone worried about candlestick makers. When cars became popular, carriage makers were worried they would be out in the cold.Technology advancements do sometimes mean that certain jobs become less needed over time, but that doesn’t mean entire industries are just out of luck. In fact, research shows that automation doesn’t reduce the number of jobs available, and it can even add more jobs to the workforce.Many of these jobs are in the information technology industries. If you’re considering going into IT, now is an ideal time to get the education you need to pursue that career. AI and tech advantages are only going to keep moving forward. As new technology is created, more jobs are needed. Having an IT degree will mean you’re ready to be part of these advancements and can feel secure in your future.Currently many of these new exciting AI advancements haven’t trickled(流) into everyday life. For example, self-driving cars are an exciting and developing technology, but you can’t buy one and likely won’t be able to anything soon. If being involved in these current developments sounds exciting to you, it could be the perfect time to get an IT degree and move into a field where you’d be on the cusp(尖端) of all the technology advances ahead.With new technology, some jobs eventually do become less necessary (there aren’t many carriage makers today). But change is the only constant in the world. And ultimately, technology advancements of the past and present are hugely beneficial for society.32. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1?A. Remind readers of the history.B. Introduce the topic of the text.C. Express ideas about honor films.D. Show the development of robots.33. What does the author suggest you do for the security of your future?A. Master IT technology skills.B. Enter automation industries.C. Get involved in film making.D. Change your jobs frequently.34. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?A. AI advancements have entered everyone’s life.B. Technology progress does good to us humans.C. More jobs will be accessible to ordinary workers.D. The most exciting job is to make self-driving cars.35. What is the best title of the text?A. What jobs are available?B. Are self-driving cars safe?C. Will robots take my job?D. Why have robots invented?第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2022-2023学年河南省郑州市高二下学期5月月考数学试题【含答案】

2022-2023学年河南省郑州市高二下学期5月月考数学试题一、单选题1.在某项测试中,测量结果服从正态分布,若,则ξ()()21,0N σσ>()120.3P ξ<<=( )()0P ξ<=A .0.1B .0.2C .0.3D .0.4【答案】B【分析】根据正态分布的性质,利用其概率公式,可得答案.【详解】由题意可知,变量所作的正态曲线关于直线对称,ξ1x =则,,()()1201P P ξξ<<=<<()()02P P ξξ<=>故.()()121200.22P P ξξ-<<<==故选:B.2.已知等差数列的前n 项和为,,,则使取得最大值时n 的值为{}n a n S 1593a a a ++=1111S =-n S ( )A .5B .6C .7D .8【答案】A【分析】利用下标和性质和前n 项和公式可判断的符号,然后可得.56,a a 【详解】设等差数列的公差为d ,{}n a 因为,所以159533a a a a ++==510a =>又,所以11111611()11112a a S a +===-610a =-<所以等差数列的前5项为正数,从第6项开始为负数,{}n a 所以当时,取得最大值.5n =n S 故选:A3.已知的展开式中各项的二项式系数之和为256,则展开式中的常数项为( )()*1N nx n x ⎛⎫+∈ ⎪⎝⎭A .B .C .40D .7070-40-【分析】先由求得n ,再利用的展开式的通项求解常数项.2256n=81x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭【详解】因为的展开式中各项的二项式系数之和为256,()*1N nx n x ⎛⎫+∈ ⎪⎝⎭所以,解得,822562n ==8n =则的展开式的通项为,81x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭()()8821881C C rr r r rr T x x x --+⎛⎫== ⎪⎝⎭令,解得,820r -=4r =所以展开式中的常数项为,48C 70=故选:D.4.函数的单调递增区间是( )()ln f x x x =-A .B .C .D .(,e)-∞-1,e ⎛⎫-∞ ⎪⎝⎭10,e ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭(0,e)【答案】C【分析】求出函数的定义域与导函数,再解关于导函数的不等式,即可求出函数的单调递增区间.【详解】函数的定义域为,()ln f x x x =-()0,∞+又,令,即,即,所以,()ln 1f x x '=--()0f x '>ln 10x -->ln 1x <-10e x <<所以的单调递增区间为.()f x 10,e ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭故选:C5.某同学参加篮球测试,老师规定每个同学罚篮次,每罚进一球记分,不进记分,已知该1051-同学的罚球命中率为,并且各次罚球互不影响,则该同学得分的数学期望为( )60%A .B .C .D .30362026【答案】D【分析】根据二项分布数学期望公式可求得该同学罚球命中次数的数学期望,结合罚球得分的规则可计算得到结果.【详解】记该同学罚球命中的次数为,则,,X ()10,0.6X B ()100.66E X ∴=⨯=该同学得分的数学期望为.∴()()65106130426⨯+-⨯-=-=6.在数列中,已知且,则其前项和的值为( ){}n a 11a =12n n a a n ++=2929S A .B .C .D .56365421666【答案】C 【分析】将展开,根据题中递推公式进行分组求和,再利用等差数列前n 项和公式计算求解即29S 可.【详解】291234272829S a a a a a a a =++++⋅⋅⋅+++()()()()1234526272829a a a a a a a a a =+++++⋅⋅⋅++++12224226228=+⨯+⨯+⋅⋅⋅+⨯+⨯.()122462628421=+++⋅⋅⋅++=故选:C7.若一个数列的第m 项等于这个数列的前m 项的乘积,则称该数列为“m 积数列”.若各项均为正数的等比数列是一个“2023积数列”,且,则当其前n 项的乘积取最小值时n 的值为{}n a 101a <<( )A .1011B .1012C .2022D .2023【答案】A【分析】根据“m 积数列”判断出的单调性,再根据具体数据找出满足的最后一项,即可{}n a 1n a <得到选项.【详解】根据“2023积数列”性质可知,1234202220232023a a a a a a a ⨯⨯⨯⨯⋅⋅⋅⨯⨯=即,123420221a a a a a ⨯⨯⨯⨯⋅⋅⋅⨯=根据等比中项性质可知:,120222202132020101110121a a a a a a a a ===⋅⋅⋅==因为,且,101a <<0q >所以前1011项都是小于1的,从第1012项开始往后的都是大于1的,即为递增的等比数列,且,{}n a 101110121,1a a <>则当其前n 项的乘积取最小值时n 的值为1011.故选:A.8.设,,,则( )141e 5a =14b =5ln 4c =A .B .a b c >>a c b >>C .D .b a c >>c a b>>【答案】A【分析】利用作商法,结合对数函数的单调性,可得答案.【详解】由题意可得:,,441e e 5625a ==44114256b ==由,则;44256256e 2.7 1.11625625a b =≈⨯≈>a b >,令,,141ln e ln e 4b ==14e x =54y =由,则,即;44256e 1.11625x y =≈>y x >b c >综上可得:.a b c >>故选:A.二、多选题9.已知是两个随机事件,,下列命题正确的是( ),A B 0()1P A <<A .若相互独立,B .若事件,则,A B ()()P B A P B =A B ⊆()1P B A =C .若是对立事件,则D .若是互斥事件,则,A B ()1P B A =,A B ()0P B A =【答案】ABD【分析】利用条件概率、相互独立事件判断A ;利用条件概率的定义判断B ;利用条件概率及对立、互斥事件的意义判断C ,D 作答.【详解】对于A ,随机事件相互独立,则,,A 正,A B ()()()P AB P A P B =()(|)()()P AB P B A P B P A ==确;对于B ,事件,,,B 正确;A B ⊆()()P AB P A =()(|)1()P AB P B A P A ==对于C ,因是对立事件,则,,C 不正确;,A B ()0P AB =()(|)0()P AB P B A P A ==对于D ,因是互斥事件,则,,D 正确.,A B ()0P AB =()(|)0()P AB P B A P A ==故选:ABD10.对任意实数,有.则下列结论成立x ()()()()()823801238231111x a a x a x a x a x -=+-+-+-+⋅⋅⋅+-的是( )A .B .01a =-2112a =-C .D .01281a a a a +++⋅⋅⋅+=8012383a a a a a -+-+⋅⋅⋅+=【答案】CD 【分析】求得的值判断选项A ;求得的值判断选项B ;求得的值判断选项0a 2a 0128a a a a +++⋅⋅⋅+C ;求得的值判断选项D.01238a a a a a -+-+⋅⋅⋅+【详解】由,()()()()()823801238231111x a a x a x a x a x -=+-+-+-+⋅⋅⋅+-可得,()()8823121x x -=-+-⎡⎤⎣⎦当时,,则,A 选项错误;1x =()823a -=01a =由二项式定理可得,,B 选项错误;()822228C 12112a -=-=当时,,2x =()8012843a a a a -=+++⋅⋅⋅+即,C 选项正确;01281a a a a +++⋅⋅⋅+=当时,,0x =()8012383a a a a a -=-+-+⋅⋅⋅+即,D 选项正确.8012383a a a a a -+-+⋅⋅⋅+=故选:CD11.现将把椅子排成一排,位同学随机就座,则下列说法中正确的是( )84A .个空位全都相邻的坐法有种4120B .个空位中只有个相邻的坐法有种43240C .个空位均不相邻的坐法有种4120D .4个空位中至多有个相邻的坐法有种2840【答案】AC【分析】对于A ,利用捆绑法结合排列数;对于B ,利用插空法结合排列数;对于C ,利用插空法结合排列组合;对于D ,根据分类加法原理结合插空法,可得答案.【详解】对于A ,将四个空位当成一个整体,全部的坐法:种,故A 对;55A 120=对于B ,先排4个学生,然后将三个相邻的空位当成一个整体,和另一个空位插入由4个学生44A 形成的5个空档中有种方法,所以一共有种,故B 错;25A 4245480A A =对于C ,先排4个学生,4个空位是一样的,然后将4个空位插入由4个学生形成的个空档中44A 5有种,所以一共有种,故C 对;45C 4445A C 120=对于D ,至多有2个相邻即都不相邻或者有两个相邻,由C 可知都不相邻的有120种,空位两个两个相邻的有,空位只有两个相邻的有,4245A C 240=412454A C C 720=所以一共有种,故D 错;1202407201080++=故选:AC.12.甲、乙、丙三人相互做传球训练,第一次由甲将球传出,每次传球时,传球者都等可能地将球传给另外两个人中的任何一人,下列说法正确的是( )A .2次传球后球在丙手上的概率是14B .3次传球后球在乙手上的概率是13C .3次传球后球在甲手上的概率是14D .n 次传球后球在甲手上的概率是111132n -⎡⎤⎛⎫--⎢⎥ ⎪⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦【答案】ACD【分析】列举出经2次、3次传球后的所有可能,再利用古典概率公式计算作答可判断ABC ,n 次传球后球在甲手上的事件即为,则有,利用全概率公式可得,nA 111n n n n n A A A A A +++=+11(1)2n n p p +=-再构造等比数列求解即可判断D.【详解】第一次甲将球传出后,2次传球后的所有结果为:甲乙甲,甲乙丙,甲丙甲,甲丙乙,共4个结果,它们等可能,2次传球后球在丙手中的事件有:甲乙丙, 1个结果,所以概率是,故14A 正确;第一次甲将球传出后,3次传球后的所有结果为:甲乙甲乙,甲乙甲丙,甲乙丙甲,甲乙丙乙,甲丙甲乙,甲丙甲丙,甲丙乙甲,甲丙乙丙,共8个结果,它们等可能,3次传球后球在乙手中的事件有:甲乙甲乙,甲乙丙乙,甲丙甲乙,3个结果,所以概率为,故B 错误;383次传球后球在甲手上的事件为:甲乙丙甲,甲丙乙甲,2个结果,所以概率为,故C 正确;2184=n 次传球后球在甲手上的事件记为,则有,nA 111n n n n n A A A A A +++=+令,则于是得()n n p P A =111(|)0,(|),2n n n n P A A P A A ++==,1111()()(|)()(|0(1)2n n n n n n n n n P A P A P A A P A P A A p p +++=+=⋅+-故,则,而第一次由甲传球后,球不可能在甲手中,即,11(1)2n n p p +=-1111()323n n p p +-=--10p =则有,数列是以为首项,为公比的等比数列,所以11133p -=-1{}3n p -13-12-即,故D 正确.1111(),332n n p --=--1111(32n n p -⎡⎤=--⎢⎥⎣⎦故选:ACD三、填空题13.在等比数列中,,是函数的极值点,则=__________.{}n a 3a 7a ()3214413f x x x x =++-5a 【答案】2-【分析】根据极值点的必要条件,可得,是函数的零点,结合零点的定义以3a 7a ()284f x x x '=++及二次方程根的性质,利用等比数列中等比中项的性质,可得答案.【详解】由函数,则其导数,()3214413f x x x x =++-()284f x x x '=++由,是函数的极值点,3a 7a ()3214413f x x x x =++-则,是函数的零点,3a 7a ()284f x x x '=++即,是方程的两个解,故,3a 7a 2840x x ++=374a a =378a a +=-在等比数列中,,且同号,即,故.{}n a 25374a a a ==357,,a a a 50a <52a =-故答案为:.2-14.接种流感疫苗能有效降低流行感冒的感染率,某学校的学生接种了流感疫苗,已知在流感高25发时期,未接种疫苗的感染率为,而接种了疫苗的感染率为.现有一名学生确诊了流感,则该14110名学生未接种疫苗的概率为___________【答案】1519【分析】根据条件概率公式求解即可.【详解】设事件“感染流行感冒”,事件“未接种疫苗”,A =B =则,,()31211954510100P A =⨯+⨯=()3135420P AB =⨯=故.()()()15|19P AB P B A P A ==故答案为:.151915.如图是一块高尔顿板示意图:在一块木板上钉着若干排互相平行但相互错开的圆柱形小木钉,小木钉之间留有适当的空隙作为通道,前面挡有一块玻璃,将小球从顶端放入,小球在下落过程中,每次碰到小木钉后都等可能地向左或向右落下,最后落入底部的格子中,格子从左到右分别编号为1,2,3,……,6,用表示小球落入格子的号码,则下面结论中正确的序号是___________.X① ;()()11664P X P X ====② ;()()52532P X P X ====③ ;()()53416P X P X ====④.()52E X =【答案】② ③【分析】根据题意可知小球每次碰到小木钉后落下都是独立重复实验,根据独立重复实验概率计算规则计算即可.【详解】由题意可知,的所有取值为,X 1,2,3,4,5,6则,由对称性可知,()5111232P X ⎛⎫=== ⎪⎝⎭()()16132P X P X ====,()()41511525C 2232P X P X ⎛⎫====⨯⨯=⎪⎝⎭,()()322511534C 2216P X P X ⎛⎫⎛⎫====⨯⨯=⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭所以.1557()(16)(25)(34)3232162E X =+⨯++⨯++⨯=故答案为:② ③16.已知e 是自然对数的底数.若,成立,则实数m 的最小值是()0,x ∀∈+∞eln mxm x ≥________.【答案】/1e 1e-【分析】根据给定的不等式,两边同乘x ,利用同构的思想构造函数,借助函数单调性求得恒成立的不等式,再分离参数构造函数,求出函数最大值作答.【详解】由得,即,eln mxm x ≥e ln mx mx x x ≥ln e e ln mx x mx x ≥⋅令,求导得,则在上单调递增,()e ,0xf x x x =>()(1)0x f x x e '=+>()f x ()0,∞+显然,当时,恒有,即恒成立,0m >01x <≤ln e e ln 00,mxx mx x >⋅≤ln e e ln mx x mx x ≥⋅于是当时,,有,1x >ln 0x >()()ln f mx f x ≥从而对恒成立,即对恒成立,ln mx x ≥()1,x ∀∈+∞ln xm x ≥()1,x ∀∈+∞令,求导得,则当时,;当时,,()ln x g x x =()21ln xg x x -'=()1,e x ∈()0g x '>()e,x ∈+∞()0g x '<因此函数在上单调递增,在上单调递减,,则,()g x (1,e)(e,)+∞max 1()e g x =1e m ≥所以实数m 的最小值是.1e 故答案为:1e【点睛】思路点睛:涉及函数不等式恒成立问题,将不等式等价转化,利用同构思想,构造新函数,借助函数的单调性分析求解.四、解答题17.彭老师要从10篇课文中随机抽3篇不同的课文让同学背诵,规定至少要背出其中2篇才能及格.某同学只能背诵其中的7篇,求:(1)抽到他能背诵的课文的数量的分布列;X(2)他能及格的概率.【答案】(1)分布列见解析(2)4960【分析】(1)根据已知条件求出随机变量的取值,求出对应的概率,即可得出随机变量的分布列;(2)根据已知条件及随机变量的分布列的性质即可求解.【详解】(1)由题意可知,的可能取值为,则X 0,1,2,3,()3037310C C 10C 120P X ===,()2137310C C 71C 40P X ===()1237310C C 212C 40P X ===.()0337310C C 353C 120P X ===所以的分布列为X X123P1120740214035120(2)该同学能及格,表示他能背诵篇或篇,23由(1)知,该同学能及格的概率为.()()()2135492234012060P X P X P X ≥==+==+=18.已知数列是公差为2的等差数列,且满足,,成等比数列.{}n a 1a 2a 5a (1)求数列的通项公式;{}n a (2)求数列的前n 项和.11n n a a+⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭n T 【答案】(1)21n a n =-(2)=21n nT n +【分析】(1)由成等比数列得首项,从而得到通项公式;125,,a a a (2)利用裂项相消求和可得答案.【详解】(1)设数列的公差为,{}n a d ∵成等比数列,∴,125,,a a a 1225a a a =即,2111()(4)a d a a d +=+∴,由题意222111124a a d d a a d ++=+2d =故,得,221111448a a a a ++=+11a =12121n a n n ∴=+-=-()即.21n a n =-(2),111111(21)(21)22121n n a a n n n n +⎛⎫==- ⎪-+-+⎝⎭∴1111111...23352121⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+-++- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥-+⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦n T n n .11122121n n n ⎛⎫=-= ⎪++⎝⎭19.已知函数.()()ln 1R f x x ax a =-+∈(1)讨论函数的单调性;()f x (2)若对任意的,恒成立,求实数的取值范围;0x >()0f x ≤a 【答案】(1)答案见解析(2)1a ≥【分析】(1)求导可得,分和进行讨论即可得解;()()10f x a x x '=->0a ≤0a >(2)根据题意参变分离可得恒成立,令,求出的最大值即可得解.ln 1x a x +≥()ln 1x g x x +=()g x 【详解】(1)依题意,,()()10f x a x x '=->当时,显然,所以在上单调递增;0a ≤()0f x ¢>()f x ()0,∞+当时,令,得;令,;0a >()0f x ¢>10x a <<()0f x '<1x a >即在上单调递增,在上单调递减.()f x 10a ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,1,a⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭(2)由题意得恒成立,等价于恒成立,()()ln 100f x x ax x =-+≤>()ln 10x a x x +≥>令,即时成立.()()ln 10x g x x x +=>()maxa g x ≥则,当时,,当时,,()2ln xg x x '=-()0,1x ∈()0g x '>()1,+∈∞x ()0g x '<那么在上单调递增,在上单调递增减,所以,()g x ()0,1()1,+∞()()max =11g x g =所以.1a ≥20.已知等差数列的前项和为,,.正项等比数列中,,{}n a n n S 12a =4=26S {}n b 12b =.2312b b +=(1)求与的通项公式;{}n a {}n b (2)求数列的前项和.{}n n a b n nT【答案】(1),31n a n =-2nn b =(2)()13428n n T n +=-+【分析】(1)根据等差数列和等比数列的通项公式即可求的通项公式.(2)利用错位相减法整理化简即可求得前项和.n n T 【详解】(1)等差数列的前项和为,,,设公差为{}n a n n S 12a =4=26S d 所以,解得4342262d ⨯⨯+=3d =所以()()1123131n a a n d n n =+-=+-=-正项等比数列中,,,设公比为{}n b 12b =2312b b +=q 所以,所以()2212q q +=260q q +-=解得,或(舍去)2q ==3q -所以2nn b =(2)由(1)知:()312nn n a b n =-所以()122252312nn T n =⨯+⨯++- ()()23122252342312n n n T n n +=⨯+⨯+-+- 两式相减得:()123122323232312n n n T n +-=⨯+⨯+⨯++⨯--()()()211113212=22312=432812n n n n n -++⨯⨯-⨯+-----()13428n n T n +=-+21.第届亚运会将于年月日至月日在我国杭州举行,这是我国继北京后第二次举222023923108办亚运会.为迎接这场体育盛会,浙江某市决定举办一次亚运会知识竞赛,该市社区举办了一场A 选拔赛,选拔赛分为初赛和决赛,初赛通过后才能参加决赛,决赛通过后将代表社区参加市亚运A 知识竞赛.已知社区甲、乙、丙位选手都参加了初赛且通过初赛的概率依次为、、,通A 3121213过初赛后再通过决赛的概率均为,假设他们之间通过与否互不影响.13(1)求这人中至多有人通过初赛的概率;32(2)求这人中至少有人参加市知识竞赛的概率;31(3)某品牌商赞助了社区的这次知识竞赛,给参加选拔赛的选手提供了两种奖励方案:A 方案一:参加了选拔赛的选手都可参与抽奖,每人抽奖次,每次中奖的概率均为,且每次抽奖112互不影响,中奖一次奖励元;600方案二:只参加了初赛的选手奖励元,参加了决赛的选手奖励元.200500若品牌商希望给予选手更多的奖励,试从三人奖金总额的数学期望的角度分析,品牌商选择哪种方案更好.【答案】(1)1112(2)3181(3)方案二更好,理由见解析【分析】(1)计算出人全通过初赛的概率,再利用对立事件的概率公式可求得所求事件的概率;3(2)计算出人各自参加市知识竞赛的概率,再利用独立事件和对立事件的概率公式可求得所求3事件的概率;(3)利用二项分布及期望的性质求出方案一奖金总额的期望,对方案二,列出奖金总额为随机变量的所有可能取值,并求出对应的概率,求出其期望,比较大小作答.【详解】(1)解:人全通过初赛的概率为,321112312⎛⎫⨯=⎪⎝⎭所以,这人中至多有人通过初赛的概率为.3211111212-=(2)解:甲参加市知识竞赛的概率为,乙参加市知识竞赛的概率为,111236⨯=111236⨯=丙参加市知识竞赛的概率为,131139⨯=所以,这人中至少有人参加市知识竞赛的概率为.31211311116981⎛⎫⎛⎫--⨯-=⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭(3)解:方案一:设三人中奖人数为,所获奖金总额为元,则,且,X Y 600Y X =13,2X B ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭ 所以元,()()160060039002E Y E X ==⨯⨯=方案二:记甲、乙、丙三人获得奖金之和为元,则的所有可能取值为、Z Z 600、、,90012001500则,()211160011236P Z ⎛⎫⎛⎫==-⨯-=⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,()212111115900C 1112233212P Z ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫==⋅--+-=⎪⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,()21211111112001C 1232233P Z ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫==⨯-+⋅-⨯=⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,()211115002312P Z ⎛⎫==⋅=⎪⎝⎭所以,.()1511600900120015001000612312E Z =⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯=所以,,()()E Y E Z <所以从三人奖金总额的数学期望的角度分析,品牌商选择方案二更好.22.已知函数.2()ln 3f x x ax x =+-(1)若函数的图象在点处的切线方程为,求函数的极小值;()f x ()()1,1f =2y -()f x (2)若,对于任意,当时,不等式恒成立,求实数1a =[]12,1,2x x ∈12x x <()()()211212m x x f x f x x x -->的取值范围.m 【答案】(1)2-(2)(],6∞--【分析】(1)利用求得,然后结合的单调性求得的极小值.()'10f =a ()f x ()f x (2)将不等式转化为,通过构造函数法,结合导()()()211212m x x f x f x x x -->1212()()m mf x f x x x ->-数来求得的取值范围.m 【详解】(1)因为的定义域为,2()ln 3f x x ax x =+-()0,∞+所以.()'123f x ax x =+-由函数f (x )的图象在点(1,f (1))处的切线方程为y =-2,得,解得a =1.()'11230f a =+-=此时.()'1(21)(1)23x x f x x x x --=+-=当和时,;10,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭()1,+∞()'0f x >当时,.1,12x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭()'0f x <所以函数f (x )在和上单调递增,在上单调递减,10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭()1,+∞1,12⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭所以当x =1时,函数f (x )取得极小值.()1ln1132f =+-=-(2)由a =1得.()2ln 3f x x x x=+-因为对于任意,当时,恒成立,[]12,1,2x x ∈12x x <()()()211212m x x f x f x x x -->所以对于任意,当时,恒成立,[]12,1,2x x ∈12x x <1212()()m m f x f x x x ->-所以函数在上单调递减.()my f x x =-[]1,2令,,2()()ln 3m m h x f x x x x x x =-=+--[]1,2x ∈所以在[1,2]上恒成立,()'21230m h x x x x =+-+≤则在[1,2]上恒成立.3223m x x x ≤-+-设,()()322312F x x x x x =-+-≤≤则.()2'211661622F x x x x ⎛⎫=-+-=--+⎪⎝⎭当时,,所以函数F (x )在上单调递减,[]1,2x ∈()'0F x <[]1,2所以,()()26F x F ≥=-所以,故实数m 的取值范围为.6m ≤-(],6∞--【点睛】求解不等式恒成立问题,可考虑采用分离常数法,分离常数后,通过构造函数法,结合导数来求得参数的取值范围.。
山东省青岛市即墨区2022-2023学年高二下学期阶段测试英语试题(6月)(含答案)

2022-2023学年高二下期英语试题第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
AOPENINGS AND PREVIEWSAnimals Out of PaperYolo! Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.Merri Milwe directs.In previews.Opens Feb.12.(West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W.86th St.212-868-4444.)The AudienceHelen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years.Stephen Daldry directs.Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey.Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld, 236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.)HamiltonLin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.Thomas Kail directs.In previews.Opens Feb.17.(Public, 425 Lafayette St.212-967-7555.)On the Twentieth CenturyKristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journey.Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company.Previews begin Feb.12.(American Airlines Theatre, 227 W.42nd St.212 - 719-1300.)1.What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?A.A type of art. B.A teenager's studio.C.A great teacher. D.A group of animals.2.Who is the director of The Audience?A.Helen Mirren. B.Peter Morgan. C.Dylan Baker. D.Stephen Daldry. 3.Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?A.Animals Out of Paper.B.The Audience.C.Hamilton.D.On the Twentieth Century.BIf you visit the new mummies(木乃伊) show at the American Museum of NaturalHistory(AMNH) in New York City, don't miss the Gilded Lady.Scientists say she probably died of lung disease when she was in her 40s—about 2,000 years ago—in ancient Egypt.They even have a model of her skull(头骨).And yet, the mummy's coffin has never been opened.Instead, scientists used a machine called a CT(扫描仪) to look inside.CT scanners were developed to help doctors examine patients.But the machines turned out to be perfect for studying mummies, too."A hundred years ago, scientists would usually open mummies' coffins.This did a great deal of harm to those mummies," says the AMNH president Ellen V.Futter."We just don't do that anymore.We can do so much better.By using CT scanners, scientists can know about an ancient person's diet from some of a mummy's hair.Pieces of bone can show who was related to whom."Some mummies in Peru were buried with a skull hanging from their neck.Scientists thought these mummies wore the skull of an enemy.But DNA evidence showed that the mummies were buried with the skull of an ancestor (祖先).The 19 mummies in the show were from Egypt and Peru.They had completely different reasons for mummifying the dead.The ancient Egyptians believed that mummification allowed an ancestor to live on in the next world.The people who prepared the Gilded Lady thought she would continue to see, hear and smell.In ancient Peru, people practised mummification to stay connected with their ancestors.Some families kept mummies in their home.Futter calls the mummies in the show "messengers from another time".With the help of technology, scientists will continue to uncover mummies' secrets so we can understand it. 4.What did scientists find about the Gilded Lady?A.She was a great artist. B.She died of a natural death.C.She lived in ancient Egypt. D.She had an amazingly long life.5.What do Futter's words suggest?A.Pieces of bone show a person's diet.B.CT scanners do great harm to mummies.C.Mummies usually wore the skull of an enemy.D.Technology plays an important role in mummy studies.6.Why did the ancient Peruvians make mummies?A.To do traditional medical research.B.To keep close ties with their relatives.C.To help their families live a better life.D.To let their ancestors live on in another world.7.What does the underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refer to?A.The technology. B.Their message. C.Their family. D.The show.CMost parents realize that a diet of soda and candy isn't a healthy choice, but what should they do if their children are picky eaters who prefer sugary food but refuse fruit and vegetables or just skip meals? There are ways to help kids eat healthily and avoid involving many fights at the dinner table.Jane E.Brody wrote an article for The New York Times in August 2015.The title of the article is "Another Approach to Raising Healthy Eaters".In this article, she shares her experience as a child who was a picky eater.She provides some useful views for parents who have children that are very picky about what foods they will eat.It turns out that demanding that a child eat something doesn't really work well.The command to "dean your plate" can end up teaching children that it is normal to continue eating after their stomach is full.This habit may continue into adulthood, and can lead to overweight bodies or food disorders.Instead, parents can try other methods that might actually influence their children to try new foods.One very simple method is to offer your children a small amount of newly introduced food.A large amount can seem intimidating(令人生畏的).One or two bites might feel less scary to try.Another really easy thing parents can do is to read the ingredients(成分) on food instructions.You might be surprised by the kinds of food that have some form of sugar added to them.One way to be a healthier eater is to reduce the amount of sugar a person eats.Read the ingredient labels, and pick a product that doesn't have extra sugar added.Start making your own type of your child's favorite foods at home instead of buying processed ones, which can enhance their interest in home-made food.Consider organic foods over the popular, well-known foods that are full of sugar.Sometimes, all it takes to get a child to eat healthily is to offer a food in a different way.Kids that hate raw cauliflower(菜花) might eat it after the vegetable is roasted.It is possible to turn a head of cauliflower into rice.It looks the same and your child may not notice the difference between it and real rice.8.What do we know about Jane E.Brody?A.She wrote a book to help kids eat less.B.Her article for The New York Times was written in winter.C.She shared some methods with parents having picky children.D.Her experience as a picky eater once made her parents annoyed.9.The command to clean one's plate usually ______.A.doesn't work at allB.leads to children's stomachacheC.ends up with children's hating eatingD.gets children into a bad eating habit10.What can parents do if they want their children to try a new food?A.Offer a small amount of it.B.Give all of the food to them.C.Tell them the ingredients in it.D.Reduce the amount of sugar in it.11.Which of the following can help your kid become a healthy eater?A.Making him eat up all food.B.Only eating organic foods.C.Buying processed foods.D.Eating less sugar.DMost of us struggle through the time it takes to get a cup of coffee to our lips once our alarms go off.Luckily, this coffee-making alarm clock could make those few struggling minutes practically disappear.An alarm clock that makes a pot of fresh coffee as soon as you wake up actually exists, and you can buy it right now.Thanks to the Barisieur, your morning time will never be the same.Here's how it works: Before you go to bed, fill the glass container with water and pour ground coffee into the(过滤器).Not a black coffee drinker?Not to worry—special drawers keep your cream cold and store your sugar, too.Then, just set your alarm and go to sleep.This machine will take care of the rest.A few minutes before your alarm goes off next morning, the Barisieur will begin to brew(冲泡) your coffee.And voila! A cup of hot coffee is waiting for you when your alarm rings and you open your eyes.You won't even have to leave your bed.London designer Joshua Renouf designed this invention himself, raising over $ 500, 000 through donations on the Internet.Coffee lovers should act fast and put in a pre-order on the website now, paying just $ 300.Otherwise, you will have to wait until it hits stores and pay $ 420.Owning one of these clocks will be totally worth it.Nothing says "seize the day" quite like waking up to a pot of freshly brewed coffee, after all.Also, the machine isn't limited to making coffee only in the morning.You can go out and return home with a cup of hot coffee waiting for you.12.Why does the author mention the struggle?A.To show making coffee is challenging.B.To show coffee can make us feel better.C.To show the coffee-brewing alarm clock is great.D.To show it is difficult to get up early in the morning.13.What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.The Barisieur. B.The morning time.C.A hot cup of coffee. D.The glass container.14.What's the benefit of pre-ordering the clock on the website now?A.You can get one much earlier.B.You can get one at a great discount.C.You can get donations from its designer.D.You may have a chance to meet Joshua Renouf.15.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A.To tell us how to make coffee easily.B.To advertise a new product in a store.C.To recommend a special kind of alarm clock.D.To compare traditional alarm clocks and new ones.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
湖南省长郡中学2022-2023学年高二下学期普通高中学业水平合格性考试模拟试题(含解析)

湖南省长郡中学2022-2023学年高二下学期普通高中学业水平合格性考试模拟试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、阅读理解Do you know what to do when there is an emergency? By calling the police, you can protect yourself and those around you.Call the police in all of the following emergencies:◆ A crime, such as a theft, especially if it is still in progress.◆ A car accident, especially if someone is injured.◆ Domestic violence, such as a child being mistreated.◆ Anything else that seems like an emergency.You may also call the police when you see something suspicious(可疑的)in your neighborhood:◆ Someone you don’t know is frequently walking around in your neighborhood. This could be a sign that the person is trying to break into a house.◆ Someone is trying to open the doors of a car. This could be a sign that the person is trying to steal the car.When you see something suspicious, do not suppose someone else has already called the police. People often hesitate to call the police for fear of danger. However, the police want to help prevent crime.What should you do when you call the police?◆Dial 911 (the U.S. emergency number; the number varies from one country to another—in China, you dial 110 to call the police). Stay calm when calling and give your name, address and phone number. Then, tell the person why you are calling (What happened? Where did it happen? When did it happen? Is it still in progress?). Follow any instructions you are given. For example, the dispatcher (调度员) might say, “Stay on the line,” or “Leave the building.”◆ If you dial the emergency number by mistake.do not hang up. Doing so could make the dispatcher think an emergency really exists. Instead,just tell the person that you called by mistake.Most police departments have a communication center. The communication center staffreach police officers by radio. Police officers carry headsets. like earphones, to stay in touch with the communication center.1.When calling the police, you DON’T need to give ______ to the dispatcher.A.your name B.your phone numberC.your ID card number D.some details of the emergency 2.What should you do if you dial the emergency number by mistake?A.Power off your smartphone.B.Hang up your phone at once.C.Tell the dispatcher you called by mistake.D.Go to a police station to explain your mistake.3.What do the communication center staff in police departments do?A.Monitor police officers.B.Answer emergency calls.C.Tell people what to do in an emergency.D.Reach police officers when there is an emergency.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To tell people when and how to call the police.B.To introduce a police officer’s general duties.C.To share the author’s experience of calling the police.D.To thank the police for trying to prevent crimes.Anderson Carey is 12 years old. One day, he saw a magazine article that interested him.It was about prosthetics(假肢), which can be used to replace a hand, arm or leg.The article said people are using 3-D printers to build these devices. Anderson thought this was very cool. He wanted to learn more about it. So Anderson talked to his science teacher, Dr. Holly Martin. He asked if they could build a prosthetic together. The timing(时机的把握) was perfect. Martin had just heard about a group called Enabling the Future. This group asks volunteers to help to build robotic arms and legs. The volunteers build them for people who share their stories on the website.Anderson and Martin looked through the website together. They decided to help a man from the country of Romania. His name is Cornel Crismaru, who lost his leg, hand and part of his arm.In February, Anderson and Martin got to work. Building the robotic arm was not easy. Anderson ran into some problems along the way. He had hoped to use a 3-D Printer at hisschool. One of the pieces for the arm was bigger than the size of the printer, though.Soon Anderson had an idea to solve this problem. He reached out to a 3-D printing company in Woodstock, Georgia. The company agreed to help. Anderson and Martin could use their big 3-D printers. After that, Anderson worked on the arm for about three months.Anderson and Martin sent the arm to Crismaru in May. In August, they received a notice. It is from Crismaru’s son. He thanked Anderson and Martin for their help.Martin said she hopes children and grown-ups who hear about Andersons projects will realize that it may be hard to change the world, but they can start with small acts. Some of these can help a person in a huge way.5.Anderson talked to his science teacher about_______.A.starting a website together B.buying a 3-D printerC.building a prosthetic together D.studying robots6.Anderson and Dr. Martin learned from the website that Crismaru______.A.lost some body parts B.wanted to be a volunteerC.was homeless D.was interested in robots7.How did Anderson solve his problem?A.He made a new 3-D printer.B.Hе took Dr.Martin’s advice.C.He worked together with his school.D.He got help from a 3-D printing company.8.What can we learn from the text?A.All roads lead to Rome.B.Failure is the mother of success. C.Those who help others help themselves.D.Small acts make a big difference.Have you ever wondered what wild animals do when no one is watching? Scientists have been able to record the “private” moments of wildlife with leading-edge technology. Low-cost, dependable and small modern cameras are of big help.Cameras placed in hard-to-reach places have taken videos of everything from small desert cats to later snow-loving felines (猫科动物) in the northern Rocky Mountains. These cameras are important tools to learn new information on wildlife.Some videos help scientists see the effects of climate change. For example, the desert animal javelina (矛牙野猪) and the tree-loving coatimundi (南美浣熊) have been caught on cameras north of their normal home. This could mean global warming is enlarging their二、其他下面文章中有3处需要添加小标题。
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2022-2023学年高二下学期周考试卷A生物(考试范围:人教版选择性必修2;满分90分)一、选择题:本题共25小题,每小题2分,共50分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求。
1.下列叙述符合种群密度概念的是()A.一公顷水稻的年产量B.每平方米草地中杂草的数量C.某湖泊每平方米水面鲫鱼的数量D.某地区灰仓鼠每年新增的个体数2.如图表示种群数量特征之间的关系,据图分析正确的是()A.环境因素通过影响⑥来影响种群密度B.研究合肥市区人口的数量变化时应考虑①②C.利用③④可预测未来种群数量的变化趋势D.调查行道树上的蝴蝶幼虫种群密度应用标记重捕法3.用酵母菌酿酒的主要阶段为:加料→接种→通气培养→密封发酵。
从接种后到密封前这一阶段,酵母菌种群数量变化的曲线图为()4.在自然界,有些捕食者种群和猎物种群的数量变化呈现周期性的波动,如下图所示的模型。
请分析该图所示二者数量变化的关系及影响因素。
对这种现象合理的解释或概括是( )A.与种内竞争无关B.二者总是此消彼长C.与植物种群数量无关D.二者相互制约、互为因果5.貂熊是我国一级保护动物,成体重十多千克,耳小、尾短、毛长、四肢短,足掌像熊掌、掌面较大。
它经常吃狼、猎稠吃剩的食物,也捕食小型动物,在积雪环境下还能捕食大型动物。
在我国,貂熊主要分布于寒温带针叶林,以下推测成立的是()A.狼和貂熊之间是互利共生关系B.足掌面积大有利于在积雪上奔跑C.耳小、尾短、毛长不利于适应环境D.貂熊、猎狷、狼占有相同的生态位6.生物种群在群落中的功能关系和它们在时间和空间上占有的位置称为生态位。
如在同一个池塘生物群落中,鲢鱼生活在水上层,鳙鱼常栖息在水中层,青鱼通常栖息在水下层。
下列叙述正确的是()A.影响鲢鱼、鳙鱼和青鱼分布的主要因素是氧气B.鲢鱼、鳙鱼和青鱼在不同水层的分布增加了生态位的重叠C.两种生物生态位重叠越多,竞争越激烈D.生态位的分化是生物为了适应环境而发生的基因突变7.区别不同群落的重要特征是()A.物种的组成B.物种丰富度C.种间关系D.群落的季节性8.某校园有一片草坪和一片树林,下列关于这两个群落中动物分层现象的叙述,正确A.草坪和树林中的动物都具有分层现象B.草坪和树林中的动物都没有分层现象C.只有草坪和树林混杂在一起时动物才具有分层现象D.草坪中的动物没有分层现象,而树林中的动物具有分层现象9.下述古代诗句中,部分体现了非生物因素对生物的影响,其中不属于对种群数量变化产生影响的是()A.离离原上草,一岁一枯荣。
野火烧不尽,春风吹又生。
B.暮春三月,江南草长,杂花生树,群莺乱飞。
C.昨夜雨疏风骤…却道海棠依旧。
知否,知否?应是绿肥红瘦。
D.塞下秋来风景异,衡阳雁去无留意。
10.天山北麓从山脚到山顶,依次是荒漠,草原、在森林、草甸等群落类型,下列相关叙述正确的是A.不同海拔分布着不同的群落类型只受温度影响B.不同群落中的生物能适应所处的非生物环境,是生物在进化过程中定向变异的结果C.森林生物群落中的植物在垂直结构上有明显的分层现象,但草原生物群落中不存在分层现象D.研究表明,这些群落千百年基本不变,说明这些群落达到了相对稳定的顶极群落阶段11.我国北方某地区实施退耕还林三年后,对该地区蜘蛛类群的研究表明,地面蜘蛛丰富度增加,但原来分布于农田的蜘蛛种类部分消失了。
下列表述错误的是()A.退耕农田上发生的群落演替是次生演替B.部分农田蜘蛛消失说明退耕还林不利于保护生物多样性C.退耕还林后群落总体上朝着物种增多、结构复杂的方向演替D.蜘蛛类群的变化说明群落演替过程中物种组成是动态变化的12.关于生态系统的叙述,正确的是A.生态系统中生产者得到的能量必然大于消费者得到的B.生态系统中的信息传递对所有捕食者都必然有利的C.生态系统的食物链中营养级越高的生物,其体型必然越大[来源:学科网ZXXK]D.生态系统的食物链中营养级越高的生物,其体型必然越小13.食物链彼此相互交错形成食物网。
以下有关食物网的说法正确的是( )A.每种动物可以吃多种植物B.每种生物都被多种生物捕食C.每种生物都只位于一条食物链上D.一种生物可能属于不同的营养级14.流经神农架国家级自然保护区的总能量是( )A.该保护区中生产者体内的能量B.照射到该保护区中的全部太阳能C.该保护区中生产者所固定的太阳能D.该保护区中所有生产者、消费者、分解者体内的能量15.下图是一种新型的分离式“鱼菜共生”生态养殖系统结构示意图(其中箭头表示水流方向),该模式通过在鱼塘就近处修建人工湿地,使污染鱼塘中的水质得以净化,解决了传统水产养殖导致周边水体污染的问题。
下列叙述正确的是()A.该生态养殖系统中,不需要分解者参与B.输入该系统的能量有生产者固定的光能和有机物中的化学能C.人工湿地中的细菌和蔬菜都能直接利用鱼塘中的有机污染物D.增加水生蔬菜的种类有可能会增大蔬菜间对光能的竞争强度16.竹子中纤维素含量很高。
大熊猫每天要吃大量竹子,但一般只能利用其中一小部分纤维素。
研究表明,大熊猫的基因组缺少编码纤维素酶的基因,但是肠道中有多种纤维素分解菌。
下列叙述不合理的是()A.大熊猫是初级消费者,属于第二营养级B.大熊猫未消化的纤维素会被分解者利用C.纤维素分解菌促进了生态系统中的物质循环D.能量流动方向是竹子→大熊猫→纤维素分解菌17.信息传递存在于细胞内、细胞间、个体、种群、群落和生态系统各个层次。
下列关于信息传递的说法,错误的是( )A.细胞核可向细胞质传递一种化学物质,实现基因对性状的控制B.激素、神经递质可在细胞间传递化学信息C.昆虫释放的性外激素可实现种群中个体间的信息传递D.狗通过尿液标识领地属于行为信息的传递18.下列关于生态系统的稳定性叙述正确的是( )A.生态系统的稳定性是指生态系统所具有的保持自身结构和功能相对稳定的能力B.生态系统能维持相对稳定的原因是生态系统具有自我调节能力C.反馈是生态系统自我调节的基础,在生态系统中普遍存在D.生态系统抵抗力稳定性低,则恢复力稳定性一定高19.毛竹与栲树、苦槠等阔叶树形成的混交林,其稳定性比毛竹纯林的高。
以下分析不合理的是( )A.毛竹纯林易发生病虫害B.混交林中物种多样性高C.混交林中食物网更复杂D.混交林中能量可循环利用20.有关生态系统能量流动说法正确的是( )A.一种蜣螂专以大象粪为食,则该种蜣螂最多能获取大象所同化能量的20%B.农民在农田中锄草,灭虫的主要目的的之一是合理调整生态系统中能量流动的关系,使能量更多流向对人类有益的部分C.一只狼捕食了一只兔子,则这只兔子中约有10%~20%的能量流入到狼的体内D.某人同时养鼠和水貂,用鼠喂水貂,再用剥去皮的水貂喂鼠,这样就可以实现能量的循环使用21.某地区常年栖息着30万只鸟类,其中灰椋鸟占了最大优势,数量达10万只之多。
灰椋鸟是农林害虫的天敌,喜好群体活动,常集结成庞大的鸟群在天空盘旋,形成壮观的风景。
该地区为打造灰椋鸟品牌,计划在林区大规模清除其他树种,并改种灰椋鸟喜居的树种,欲招引20万只以上灰椋鸟,该计划的实施将使该区A. 灰椋鸟种内竞争必然减弱B. 鸟的种类必然增加C. 农林害虫数量必然大幅度上升D. 生态系统的结构必然发生变化22.下列关于物质循环、能量流动和生物富集的说法,错误的是()A.物质是能量流动的载体,能量是物质循环和生物富集的动力B.生物圈不需要从外界获得任何物质补给,就能长期维持其正常功能C.食物链和食物网是能量流动、物质循环和生物富集的渠道D.仅通过绿色植物的光合作用,就可完成生态系统的碳循环23.下列关于生态系统的成分的叙述,正确的是()A.绝大多数动物都是消费者,在生态系统中的作用并不重要B.细菌都属于自养生物,其异化作用类型有需氧型和厌氧型两类C.生产者属于自养生物,是生态系统中最基本、最关键的生物成分D.分解者在分解动植物遗体时,将有机物中的能量释放出来,供生产者再利用24.城市生态工程是指用生态工程的方法对城市环境进行综合治理。
下列措施,不符合城市生态工程建设基本原理的是A.大力推广“环境友好技术”B.采用浮床工艺法等手段治理水污染C.分区建设工业区、居住区、生态绿地等D.用法律手段禁止汽车上路,严禁造纸厂、酒厂生产,以断绝污染的源头25.庄子说“天地与我并生,而万物与我为一”体现了人与自然和谐发展的美好愿望,只有保护好生物多样性,才能实现可持续发展。
下列叙述错误的是( )A.生物多样性的价值包括直接、间接和潜在价值三个方面B.保护生物多样性的主要措施包括就地保护和易(迁)地保护等C.生物多样性是人类赖以生存和发展的基础D.引入外来物种,肯定会增加当地的生物多样性二、非选择题:本题共3小题,共40分。
26.(20分)6月5日是世界环境日,今天我国的世界环境日主题是“共建生态文明,共享绿色未来”. 草原是绿色生态环境的重要组成部分。
某草原生态系统的食物网如图所示。
(1)图中食物网的简单,因此,该草原生态系统的______________能力较差,其______________稳定性也相应较低。
除图中所示的生物类群外,该生态系统的生物组成成分还应有________________才能保证其物质循环的正常进行。
(2)如果图中草能提供10000KJ的能量,营养级间的能量传递效率为10% ~ 20%,那么鹰占据的营养级能得到的最低和最高能量值分为是___________KJ和___________KJ。
若去除蛇,且狐的数量不变,则草原容纳鹰的数量会__________。
若外来生物入侵该区,则会导致草原的__________锐减或丧失。
(3)影响图中兔种群数量变化的种间因素是__________和竞争。
若某年兔种群的K值为1000只,且1只兔和4只鼠消耗的草量相等,其他条件不变的情况下,次年鼠的数量增加400只,则兔种群的K值变为__________只。
用标志重捕法调查该区的种群数量时,若部分标记个体迁出,则导致调查结果__________(填“偏高”或“偏低”)27.(10分)大树杜鹃是一种集中分布于我国云南高黎贡山山区的高大乔木。
它的分布范围很小,很难引种到其他地方,是濒危物种。
大树杜鹃林下凋落物厚,种子难以散布到土壤基质层,因此在自然环境中发芽率很低;幼苗生长缓慢,要生长很长时间才能开花;植株耐寒能力弱,在-2℃环境下会死亡,幼树死亡率高。
请回答下列问题。
(1)影响了大树杜鹃的种群数量环境因素有?(2)保护大树杜鹃最有效的措施是(3)有人建议,人工清除林下的凋落物以提高大树杜鹃的种子发芽率,促进种群数量增长。
你如何看待这一建议?(4)由于大树杜鹃植株高大、花大而艳丽,很有观赏价值,这体现了生物多样性的价值。