新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1第二单元
新发展研究生英语1综合教程1-6单元翻译
Unit 1 Human ReflectionsTranslationPart A1.对一些人来说，婚姻是爱情的坟墓；而对另一些人来说，婚姻是拯救那些过着孤单生活的人的好办法。
译：For some, marriage is the grave of love, while for others, marriage is an effective salvation for those who lead a solitary life.2.此次会议肩负着重大的历史责任，必然将对该组织的发展产生深远影响。
译：Blessed with a great historical responsibility, the Conference is destined to have far-reaching impact on the development of the organization.3.所有这些都寄寓着人们对美好生活的向往，因此得以代代流传。
译：All of these show people’s yearning for a better life, so they have been carried forward generation after generation.4.总统警告说，如果国会现在通过这一法案，那么他一直努力维护的脆弱的和平进程可能就会破裂。
译：If Congress approved the bill now, the president warned, the fragile peace process that he is trying to keep could fall apart.5.夫妻之间必须能够容忍彼此性格上的一些瑕疵，否则的话她们的婚姻很可能会以离婚而告终。
译：The couple must be tolerant of the little imperfections in each other’s character, otherwise their marriage may end up in divorce.Part B爱情是一部电话机，渴望它响起时，它却总是悄无声息；不经心留意时，它又叮铃铃地响起。
新核心综合学术英语第一册Unit2
Many new emerging Chinese cities are attributed to the large scale of urban migration in recent years.
第八页，编辑于星期六：十八点 八分。
Unit 2 》Part V 》Integrated exercises
3.Guess the meaning of the following words and then add more words using the same prefix or suffix. Share your answers with the class.
第三页，编辑于星期六：十八点 八分。
Unit 2 》Part V 》Writing
3) The main character of urban culture is that everyone wants to be
better than others.
Urban culture is chiefly characterized by competitive behavior.
2) Urbanization is unavoidable, but people also have benefits from it.
3) Most farmers desire to liinevitable trend.
Unit 2 》Part II 》Text-related information
[哲学]研究生综合英语1 unit 2 答案
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cynic n. — a person who believes that people do not do things for good or noble reasons, but only for their own advantage 愤世疾俗的人；玩世不恭的人；好挖苦人的人 Examples： All people who know Mr. Le Plant well said that he is a typical cynic. I wonder when and how he became such a cynic.
prone adj. — liable or susceptible to sth. Examples： People with fair skin who sunburn easily are very prone to develop skin cancer. 皮肤白皙、容易晒黑的人易得皮肤癌。 His nose is prone to be allergic to roses. 他的鼻子容易对玫瑰花过敏。
One-up v.& a. — having a psychological advantage over someone e.g. you're always trying to be one-up on whoever you're with.
Reciprocity n. — the practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit e.g. a reciprocity treaty Reciprocity includes more than gifts and favors; it also applies to concessions that people make to one another.
研究生综合英语1(修订版)Unit2
Unit 2 Is Love an Art?
2. What is Love? In English we say the one word“ love” where in Greek there are four words. Our word “love” actually covers four kinds of love, namely, 1) agape, that is, spiritual love or the love of God; 2) storge, that is, family love; 3) philia, that is, the love between friends which we usually call brotherly; and 4) eros, that is, love experienced between a man and a woman when sexual feelings stir between them. It is the fourth kind of love that someone is experiencing when they tell you they have fallen in love. It’s a great experience. It comes in that wonderful rainbow like section of the spectrum of human emotion.
Unit 2 Is Love an Art?
Additional lnformation for the Teacher’s Reference 1. Erich Fromm Erich Fromm (1900 - 1980) was born in Frankfurt, Germany. He received his Ph. D from Heidelberg in 1922 and began a career as a psychotherapist. In 1934, he moved to the U. S. and settled in New York City, and eventually became a naturalized U. S. citizen. In the 1940s he began to write. Some of his wellknown books are Escape from Freedom (1941), The Sane Society (1955), The Art of Loving (1956), Lie without Illusions (1962) and The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness (1973). A psychiatrist primarily concerned with the condition of the human
研究生学术综合英语课文翻译unit1-4
第一单元?如何发表演说斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。
通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。
确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。
和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。
????? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。
语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。
作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。
?如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。
在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。
碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。
当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。
?如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。
鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。
?准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。
有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。
通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。
明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。
暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。
?另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。
有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。
排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。
《新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1》we learn
第一部分：学术英语基础知识1.1 学术英语的定义学术英语指的是用于学术交流和学术研究的专门英语。
它包括了学术论文写作、学术演讲、学术交流等方面的专业用语和表达方式。
学术英语在研究生阶段尤其重要，因为研究生需要阅读和撰写大量的学术文献、参与学术讨论和交流，因此良好的学术英语能力对于研究生来说至关重要。
1.2 学术英语与日常英语的差异学术英语和日常英语在词汇、语法和表达方式上都存在差异。
学术英语更注重精确、准确的表达，使用较为正式和专业的词汇和句型。
相对于日常英语，学术英语更倾向于使用被动语态、名词性从句、复杂的结构和较长的句子，这些特点使得学术英语在表达上更加严谨和正式。
1.3 学术英语的重要性学术英语是研究生必须掌握的基本能力之一。
良好的学术英语能力不仅有助于研究生更好地阅读和理解学术文献，还能帮助他们更好地撰写论文、进行学术交流和参与国际合作。
具备良好的学术英语能力也是评价一个研究生学术能力的重要标准之一。
第二部分：学术英语阅读2.1 学术英语阅读的重要性学术英语阅读是研究生必须掌握的基本技能之一。
在进行学术研究的过程中，研究生需要大量阅读相关的学术文献，包括期刊论文、学术书籍、研究报告等。
通过阅读学术英语文献，研究生可以更深入地了解相关研究领域的最新进展和成果，同时也可以提高自己的学术英语能力。
2.2 提高学术英语阅读能力的方法要提高学术英语阅读能力，研究生可以通过以下方式进行训练和提升：- 积累词汇：学术英语领域的专业词汇十分丰富，研究生需要在平时的学习中多积累相关的专业词汇，以便更好地理解学术文献。
- 练习阅读：研究生可以选择一些经典的学术文献进行阅读训练，通过不断地阅读学术英语文献来提高自己的阅读能力和速度。
- 注意结构和逻辑：学术文献的结构和逻辑性往往比较复杂，研究生需要注意文献的整体结构和逻辑关系，从而更好地理解文献的内容。
第三部分：学术英语写作3.1 学术英语写作的重要性学术英语写作是研究生必须掌握的核心能力之一。
【Selected】新发展研究生英语综合教程1课后参考答案汇总.doc
新发展研究生英语综合教程1课后参考答案汇总Unit1HumanReflectionsBeforeReadingActivities(1)crush;(2)lifetime;(3)deceive;(4)smile;(5)righ t;(6)grateful;(7)arrives;(8)assurance;(9)return;(10)contentⅡ.LanguageFocusPartA1.stranded;2.emeritus;3.erode;4.wondrous;5.Rearning;6.shacAled;7.salvation;8.nibble;9.imperfection;10.eruptPartB1.B2.C3.A4.D5.A6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B(1)bored;(2)affiliate;(3)conducted;(4) valid;(5)ranging(6)fulfilling;(7)revealed;(8)tended;(9)Pressure;(10)toughPartA1.Forsome,marriageisthegraveoflove,whileforothers,marriageisaneffe ctivesalvationforthosewholeadasolitarRlife.2.BlessedwithagreathistoricalresponsibilitR,theConferenceisdestinedt ohavefar-reachingimpactonthedevelopmentoftheorganization.3.Alloftheseshowpeople’s Rearningforabetterlife,sotheRhavebeenca rriedforwardgenerationaftergeneration.4.IfCongressapprovedthebillnow,thepresidentwarned,thefragilepeac eprocessthatheistrRingtoAeepcouldfallapart.5.Thecouplemustbetolerantofthelittlei mperfectionsineachother’sch aracter,otherwisetheirmarriagemaRendupindivorce.PartB爱情是一部电话机，渴望它响起时，它却总是悄无声息；不经心留意时，它又叮铃铃地响起。
新世纪研究生英语教程——综合英语(第四版)北京理工大学出版社unit1、2、7、8、11TestA,TestB课后答案
Unit1 Free Falling1. What is the main subject introduced in paragraph one?It is the description of the effect of saying farewell to his parents, friends and folks on the author.2. How is the story organized?The story is chronologically organized (following the time sequence in which the event unfolded itself).3. How did Weckerly feel before the day of his departure?He felt eager and excited to wait for the day to come.4. How did his mood change when the day had really come?At the very beginning he became sentimental about saying good-bye to many people around him. Facing the reality of becoming independent, he began to feel afraid and uncertain .5. What do you think about the ending of the story?It is very impressive. Weckerly ends the story with a metaphor which catches the essence of the particular moment accurately. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge, which leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. The last sentence "He closes his eyes, takes a deep breath, and jumps" symbolizes the fact that from that day on the author jumps into the future of being independent no matter how long and complicated the road to it is.What is the effect of saying farewell and actual leaving on the author?Whom did the author like to say good-bye to? What was the author's mood like before the day of departure and after?How did his mother's mood change during his brunch with her?What was the significance of the particular day to the author?Suggested SummaryThe time of saying good-bye and actual leaving makes a great impact on the author, which is fully demonstrated in the opening sentence. He gives a general description of how he feels on that particular day, during which his own mood changes from sheer excitement for the prospect of becoming independent and free to fear and uncertainty to a mixture of both. By his brunching with Mom and saying good-bye to her, he makes a very smooth depiction of the change of his mother's mood from being chatty and cheerful at the beginning to being quiet, even somber as the final moment comes. To bring the story to its climax, the author ends the story with a symbolic description. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge that leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. No matter what will happen, he closes his eyes, takes a deep breath and jumps into the future.Unit2 The New Economics of Oil1. Why won't oil prices rise at all over the long time?Firstly, because producers need the cash from oil too much to let their supply be interrupted for long. Secondly, and more important, because demand growth can't push prices upward as long as it is balanced by supply growth.2. Why can't the members of the OPEC raise oil prices?Because if they do, non-OPEC sources will grab market share by developing fields where technology has made production affordable.3. Why have most majors cut their costs on oil?Because technology lets the companies maintain healthy earnings at steadily lower oil prices.4. Who takes a lead in the oil companies?Those that master technology and efficiency, such as Shell, Exxon, and British Petroleum.Should we worry about the oil price?What is the main reason for oil price to fall?Is Rainwater's high-price theory right?What influences oil industry profits most?How will lower oil price influence the world economy?Suggested SummaryThe article aims at establishing the idea that oil price will not rise even as demand soars. To begin with, the author shows the increasing consumption of oil around the world and the impact of technology on oil industry. By giving several examples, he draws the conclusion that the need for cash and dependence on technology leads to the fact that oil prices will even fall. Furthermore, technological updating, slashing the costs of finding, producing, and refining oil, is also a reason to support the author's point. There is evidence that technology lets the world companies maintain healthy earnings at lower oil prices. In conclusion, cheap oil accelerates the world economy, and a downside price scenario is increasingly likely.1. In the first year of peace, Lebanon's GDP soared by almost 40%. (C)A. flewB. hoveredC. increasedD. decreased2. SAIC's previous skirmishes with investigators had attracted little attention. (D)A. conflictsB. strugglesC. skatesD. arguments3. The boy grabbed hold of my bag and disappeared quickly into the crowd. (C)A. seizedB. snappedC. snatchedD. sneaked4. Although Chicago has fared better than some cities, unemployment remains a problem. (A)A. got onB. chargedC. offered jobsD. provided welfare5. The dwarfs were devastated, because they could not figure out how to save Snow White this time. (D)A. calculateB. rateC. considerD. decide6. His distrust of the power of critics made him ready to gibe at David Sylvester. (A)A. laughB. ridiculeC. derideD. taunt7. Children are most vulnerable to abuse within their own home. (A)A. unprotectedB. sensibleC. susceptibleD. harmful8. Short of the President himself, probably no one could have put the American case more persuasively. (B)A. Rather thanB. Other thanC. Less thanD. Short forUnit7 Competition Is Destructive1. Why is competition destructive according to the author? (para. 3)According to the author, competition is destructive because it undermines self-esteem, poisons relationships and holds us back from doing our best.2. What are the purposes of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others? (para. 6)The idea of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others is for each person on the field to make a specified contribution to the goal, or for all the players to reach a certain score, or for everyone to work with their partners against a timelimit.3. What is the difference between teamwork and team competition? (para. 8)The difference between teamwork and team competition is that in teamwork everyone on the field is working together for a common goal, while in team competition a given player works with and is encouraged to feel warmly toward only half of those present.4. Why do most kinds of fun require competition? (para. 10, 11, 12)First of all, people don't know any other way or people have never tasted the alternative.Secondly, we overlook the psychological costs of competition: it causes self-doubt and feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation.5. Who is to blame for competition?It is the structure of the game itself that is to blame rather than the individuals, since it sets competition at the very beginning.Directions: Use the questions given below as a guide to write a summary. You can refer to Task 1 and Task 2.What kind of games does the author use to illustrate the points?What's the significance of changing an "opponent" into a "partner"?What's the difference between teamwork and team competition?What are the possible reasons that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities?What is the real problem?Suggested SummaryBy using the game of musical chairs, the author illustrates that competition is destructive not only in our daily work but also in entertainments. It is important and possible to change the form of the game by way of turning an opponent into a partner: Everyone on the field can work together for a common goal (teamwork) instead of competing with each other (team competition). Cooperative games and sports provide satisfaction and challenge without competition. The reason that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities are that they don't know any other way and that they overlook the psychological costs of competition and the toxic effect of competition on our relations. Competition is not conducive to trust and it may lead one to look at others through narrowed eyes and even invite outright aggression. We are inclined to blame individuals for all this, but it is the structure of the game itself which causes competition. To solve the problem of competition, we need to be teaching our children how to enjoy themselves without competition.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. She has been eliminated from the swimming race because she did not win any of the practice races. (C)A. got outB. taking awayC. got rid ofD. driving away2. One of the major flaws in the existing system is that the prosecutor has immunity from law suits claiming malicious prosecution. (B)A. usefulB. spitefulC. harmlessD. cheerful3. They define a good patient as one who accepts their statements and their actions uncritically and unquestioningly. (A)A. characterizeB. confineC. fixD. limit4. Roberts' poor physical condition combined with nagging injuries prevented him from playing more than 51 games in the past four seasons. (A)A. troublingB. followingC. complainingD. accompanying5. Constant correction by a teacher is often counterproductive, as the student may become afraid to speak at all. (C)A. evilB. not productiveC. unfavorableD. hurting6. For centuries we women have gloated over the one negative aspect of aging more evident in men than women: balding. (B)A. praisedB. felt maliciously satisfied withC. felt sorry forD. expressed great pleasure of7. In the conducive atmosphere around the fort, General Bradley immediately found out about the plot. (D)A. goodB. suitableC. fitD. favorable8. It's a story of a harmful dynamic between white prejudice and black autonomy.(C)A. state of movementB. political forceC. competing or conflicting systemD. social system9. Gandhi rejects outright claims made concerning the superior or inferior status of religions. (B)A. ovreallB. directC. obscureD. ambiguous10. My first boss was a really nasty person, who seemed to enjoy making life difficult for everyone. (C)A. graveB. sorrowfulC. uglyD. pitifulUnit8 Power to the People1. What is the author's attitude towards alternative energy?The writer believes that alternative energy will play more important roles in the future.2. What advantages does PV have?It has the simplest and most elegant technology to harness the power of the sun, being easy to install and requiring minimal maintenance.3. What advantages does hydropower have?It is a clean, renewable source of energy that offers cheap electricity.4. What are the main disadvantages of wind power?Noise, negative impacts on local tourism, potential disruption to wild life.5. Why are fuel cells considered "zero emission" and preferred by some governments?They release only water vapour into the atmosphere. They are economical and require little maintenance as well as no recharging.Summarize the text.What will be the main means to power our modern societies?Why is it so urgent to find alternative energy?What is the future of solar power, wind power and hydropower?What are the final solutions to man's energy needs?Suggested SummaryIn the article "Power to the People", the author Mark Townsend states that solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power are now prepared to take the place of fossil fuels and become the main means to power our modern societies. He lists two reasons contributing to man's hot pursuit of alternative sources of energy. One is the environmental deficiencies of fossil fuels. Another is the crucial progress made by using new technology. According to the writer, a new generation of wafer-thin photovoltaic solar panels will lead to a great future of the solar energy. In addition, if the strength of rough seas can be brought under control, water power is likely to be another major renewable energy. Thirdly wind power can also benefit our life if we can eliminate the negative impacts on the environment. Finally, the author assumes that as an ideal clean energy, fuel cells will be the answer to the future energy needs.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. At the press conference, they were scrambling to give the impression that the situation was in control. (B)A. searchingB. strugglingC. crowdingD. exciting2. Written off again and again, he has proved phenomenal in resilience and political craftiness. (C)A. notableB. tangibleC. extraordinaryD. sensible3. This news has sent a wave of panic through the world which to me seems way out of proportion. (A)A. farB. meanC. simplyD. away4. Downtown business owners say they want the city's homeless shelter moved to a less conspicuous location. (D)A. confrontedB. fantasticC. confidentD. noticeable5. Over the past year, Linux has made significant inroads into embedded designs requiring rich, high performance networking. (C)A. made moneyB. made achievementsC. made advancesD. made progress6. The important thing is to harness growth to self-knowledge, a ready acceptance of change, swift-moving business practice and sound judgment. (B)A. make useB. controlC. produceD. escape7. We are the ones willing and able to run an obstacle course filled with hurdles that we must complete before anyone else. (A)A. barriersB. blessC. reportsD. handouts8. I haven't been able to orient my ideas to the new conditions since I worked abroad three months. (B)A. changeB. adjustC. directD. organize9. The company office was inundated with telegrams of congratulations on the tenth anniversary of its foundation. (B)A. overjoyedB. floodedC. crowdedD. satisfied10. He had drawn a contradictory conclusion in his thesis because he pinned hisfaith on an absurdity. (D)A. decidedB. practicedC. dependedD. placedUnit11 London Bridge Is Falling DownAnswer the following questions briefly according to the text.1. Why the Millennium Bridge was shut down soon after it had opened to the public?FeedbackBecause it kept vibrating when people walked on it.2. What happened to the Internet?The Internet became paralyzed due to many attacks made by anonymous hackers.3. Why was the Steamboat Act not established until 1838?This was due to two major causes. First, people did not figure out what caused the explosion of the steamboat until 1837. Second, the government did not attach enough importance to the problem.4. What does the congressman mean by saying "Let the Government attend to its own business, and let the people attend to theirs."?The congressman means it is the people's duty but not the government's to set standards for producing, maintaining and inspecting steam boilers.5. What's the author's opinion of the high-tech crises?Though the high-tech crises are inevitable, humans will always look for ways to tackle them and will never give up exploring into the unknown fields of science.Summarize the text.What have gone wrong with some new high-tech innovations?What is the writer's opinion of these high-tech crises?Why does the writer review the establishment of the Steamboat Act?How do people deal with technical trouble now?Will people continue to make attempts at new technologies in the future?Suggested SummaryBy highlighting two technological crises, i.e. the swaying Millennium Bridge and the crippling Internet, the writer successfully draws the readers' attention to the somewhat embarrassing problems with some new high-tech innovations. The writer argues that these crises are inevitable because the innovations lead us into the unexplored world of science. With a look back on the establishment of theSteamboat Act, the writer indicates that the improvement of any high-tech innovation will go through a long and slow process. Fortunately, we are now able to respond more quickly to the danger of new technologies, and have becomeincreasingly skilled in controlling the crises. In the end, the writer claims with confidence that humans are certain to defeat any catastrophe, and will never stop exploring the unknown technical world.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. Instead, he concentrates on how he helped raise Clinton from the dead after the debacle of the 1994 congressional elections. (C)A. disputeB. triumphC. catastropheD. deception2. She is running-running away from a shaking house and a row of wobbling green trees. (B)A. swervingB. swayingC. steeringD. striding3. A total of 252 imported pests have been spotted, of which 174 could wreak havoc on forests. (A)A. inflictB. inflateC. preventD. relieve4. But no evidence suggests that she courted danger for her children as she encouraged their freedom. (B)A. ignoredB. provokedC. flatteredD. avoided5. The report explains the gruesome results the weapons will have on human beings. (D)A. seriousB. furiousC. pleasingD. shocking6. Residents are bracing themselves for further carnage caused by the typhoon. (B)A. cargoB. damageC. suicideD. assassination7. The biggest threats to children's health lurk in the very places that should be the safest-at home, in school and the community. (D)A. fleeB. lureC. sneakD. hide8. Vigilance against collateral environmental damage is crucial to sustainable growth nowadays. (D)A. neglectB. suspicionC. indignationD. caution9. Racism has many forms. It does not solely manifest itself against one particular race. (C)A. testifyB. verifyC. showD. conceal10. The child has a very responsive nature and will soon become fond of you. (A)A. sensitiveB. silentC. introvertD. lively。
大连海事大学新时代研究生综合英语教程听力原文unit1-7
Unit One Life of AspirationPart OneWarm-up ListeningChoose OptimismIf you expect something to turn out badly, it probably will. Pessimism is seldom disappointed. But the same principle also works in reverse. If you expect good things to happen, they usually do! There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between optimism and success. Optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces, and each of us must choose which we want to shape our outlook and our expectations. There is enough good and bad in everyone‟s life—ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain—to find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism. We can choose to laugh or cry, bless or curse, and it‟s our decision.I choose to highlight the positive and slip right over the negative. I am an optimist by choice as much as by nature. Sure, I know that sorrow exists. I am in my 70s now, and I‟ve lived through more than one crisis. But when all is said and done, I find that the good in life far outweighs the bad.An optimi stic attitude is not a luxury; it‟s a necessity. The way you look at life will determine how you feel, how you perform, and how well you will get along with other people. Conversely, negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations feed on themselves; they become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Pessimism creates a dismal place where no one wants to live.Optimism doesn‟t need to be naive. We can be an optimist and still recognize that problems exist and that some of them are not dealt with easily. But what a difference optimism makes is the attitude of the problem solver! When you‟re an optimist, you‟re more concerned with problem-solving than with useless carping about issues. It‟s your choice.Part TwoFocus-ListeningA Great Communicator in All CircumstancesMany American presidents have made an impact on our country as great communicators. John F. Kennedy, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln come to mind as outstanding examples. But only one president in our lifetime was called the Great Communicator, and that was Ronald Reagan.Flashes of Reagan‟s talent for communication revealed themselves early in his career. He started out in radio. In his early twenties, Reagan quickly became one of the best-known announcers in the Midwest. Throughout his career, Reagan displayed an uncommon ability to connect and communicate with people. Nowhere was that more evident than during his time leading up to and in the White House. While announcing his run for the presidency in 1980, he cast the vision for his campaign clearly and simply, saying, “At the heart of our message should be five simple familiar words. No big economic theories. No sermons on political philosophy. Just five short words: family, work, neighborhood, freedom, peace.”During his campaign, Reagan successfully debated incumbent Jimmy Carter. The former California governor came across as a relaxed, likable, competent middle American. He won easily. Afterward when asked if he had been nervous debating the president, Reagan answered, “No, not at all. I‟ve been on the same stage with John Wayne.”Whether he was speaking to a group, looking into a camera, or connecting with someone one-on-one, Reagan was able to communicate with maximum effectiveness. Even when he was being wheeled into the operating room, his goal was to put others at ease. His comment to the surgeons was, “Please assure me that you are all Republicans.”Reagan was a good executive because he possessed a clear vision, made decisions easily, and delegated very effectively. But he was a great leader because of his uncanny ability to communicate. When it came to leading the country, people knew who he was, where he stood, and what he wanted, and they couldn‟t wait to get on board with him. Communication made him the kind of leader that people wanted to follow. (Words: 337)Part ThreeHome ListeningDream vs. GoalWe all want to believe that we are capable of great feats, of reaching our fullest potential. We need dreams. They give us a vision of a better future. They nourish our spirit; they represent possibility even when we are dragged down by reality. They keep us going. Most successful people are dreamers, ordinary people who are not afraid to think big and dare to be great. Dreamers are not content with being merely mediocre, because no one ever dreams of going halfway.In order to make real steps toward fulfilling our ultimate, big, splashy dreams, we have to start with concrete objectives. These are our goals.Dreams are where we want to end up. Goals are how we get there. Dreams are our visions of where we are after our struggle, the prize at the end of the journey. Goals are the individual steps we take to ultimately deserve the prize.Our dreams are our master plan. Goals are our day-by-day blueprints that provide achievable targets for incremental improvement, but dreams and goals are interrelated. Goals provide our daily routine. They show us where to start and they establish our priorities. They make us organized and create the discipline in our lives. Getting yourself to establish your goals is paramount, one of the key building blocks in achieving success.Let‟s say you‟re trying to climb the corporate ladder in a large company, and you are not optimistic about your chances because there seems to be too many people competing for too few jobs at the top. Your dreams are that promotion. What you have to do is to break down the dream into components you can work on individually and then make a list. After studying the “dream” position, you determine that what they‟re looking for is a hardworking, driven person who can manage a team well and improve productivity. Perfecting each of these characteristics then becomes goals you can shoot for.The first thing you do is show your boss that you are eager to work hard, begin to seek out more long-term projects to show you can maintain a certain energy level over a period of time. Then you have to show our boss that you‟re a team player, that you take the time to pitch in for th e group and that you‟re the kind of person who makes the people around you perform better.The point is that you must establish specific goals and clearly define them. Goals are not merely fuzzy wishes, or hastily made New Year‟s resolutions. They are t angible action items to be written down and followed. ( Words: 434)Unit Two EducationPart OneWarm-up ListeningComing to America as a FulbrighterThe Fulbright program gives an American a chance to study, teach or do research in other countries. And it gives people in other countries a chance to do the same in America. Fulbright grants are given to graduate students, scholars and professionals. There is also a Fulbright exchange program just for teachers and administrators.Each year, about 6000 people receive Fulbright grants. The United States pays most of the costs. Foreign governments and schools help by sharing costs and providing other support.The Fulbright program operates in about 150 countries. Around 270,000 Fulbrighters have taken part over the years.Legislation by Senator William Fulbright established the program in 1946. He saw educational exchange as a way to help people understand other ideas and ways of life. Senator Fulbright also believed the program could educate future world leader.In 1968, the Foreign Language Teaching Assistant Program began. This Fulbright program brings foreign teachers to the United States to work with high school or college students. Two other Fulbright programs that offer ways to come to the United States are the foreign student and visiting scholar programs. The Foreign Student Program brings graduate students to study and do research at a college or university. The Visiting Scholar Program brings foreign experts to speak and do research for up to a year.The list of countries in the Fulbright program changes each year. And the requirements may differ from country to country. (Words: 238)Part TwoFocus ListeningDeveloping CreativityOne of the most exciting findings about creativity is that it may be picked up at almost any stage of the life cycle and developed. Many programs that work with elderly or retired people have known this for a long time. Researchers are continually trying to understand what creativity is and how it can be nurtured throughout childhood and adulthood. It is thought that developmental characteristics of creative aspects vary to the extreme; some things may show up early, other aspects later on in life. Creative behaviors such as curiosity may actually be evident early during infancy and increase during the “magic years” of early childhood. Unfortunately, during middle and late childhood there may be a decrease in creativity as children become more conforming and inhibited as well as liable to fall into sex-role stereotypes. With care, creativity can be sustained throughout childhood and adulthood. Following are highlights of several characteristics of creative people and suggested ways to develop creativity.Characteristics that signal creativity include intense absorption, curiosity, ability to put together seemingly unrelated things or ideas, sense of humor, unusual vocabulary, eagerness to share new discoveries, spontaneity, and willingness to consider new ideas.Creative people are often either interested in ongoing experiments and need time to pursue ideas in depth, or they may jump from idea to idea very quickly. They may show fluency and flexibilityin their thinking. They may ask surprising questions. They may be more independent than others in their approach to doing things. They get excited about new solutions and ideas. Creative people need time to entertain ideas, prepare materials, and let their ideas simmer for a while. They need privacy and tolerance for ambiguity. They need to be allowed to try things out in different ways until they are satisfied with their own work. They also need to be able to select and discard efforts of their choosing—pressure to produce may stifle their creative efforts. Creativity thrives in an environment that allows questions, exploring, observing, skill-building, communicating, and self-expression. To develop creativity, the home or classroom environment should contain a variety of materials and encourage lots of different experiences.Developing a childhood interest—being “in love” with something and sticking with it for some time—is related significantly to adult creative achievement. Building anticipation before a trip or lesson, digging deeply into material during the lesson, and keeping the ideas alive for some time after the lesson are also ways to keep the creative processes going. Children and adults need to be introduced to examples of creative excellence. Their own work should be recognized and truly appreciated. If possible, creative efforts should be put to work and not simply acknowledged and then shelved.Adults who experience creativity programs tend to experience dramatic improvements in the quality of their lives. Self-expression, the zest of discovery, the pleasure of creating something, and freedom to try new things are all aspects of the creative process. Children can be encouraged to grow creatively, and this does not interfere with other kinds of educational achievement. We can all grow with the further development of creativity. (Words: 521)Part ThreeHome ListeningThe University of the FutureThe American research university is a remarkable institution, long a source of admiration and wonder. The wooded campuses, the diversity and energy of the student populations, and, most of all, the sheer volume of public and private resources available to run them, have made them the envy of the world.Seen from the inside, however, everything is not quite so encouraging. Setting aside the habitual complexity of medical schools, which have separate healthcare and finance issues, the structure of these institutions is straightforward and consistent. The bedrock of each university is a system of discipline-specific departments. The strength of these departments determines the success and prestige of the institution as a whole.This structure raises a few obvious questions. One is the relevance of the department-based structure to the way scientific research is done. Many argue that in a host of areas—ranging from computational biology and materials science to pharmacology and climate science—much of the most important research is now interdisciplinary in nature. And there is a sense that, notwithstanding years of efforts to adapt to this change by encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration, the department-based structure of the university is essentially at odds with such collaboration.A second set of issues surrounds the almost static nature of the departmental system. In a country where most things are highly fluid, the fields covered by departments, as well as the pecking order between them, have remained largely unchanged for many years. As people andmoney have flowed, particularly over the past twenty years, to the south and the southwest, the strongest US universities and departments remain embedded in the northeast and in California. League tables drawn up by the National Academy of Sciences and others show little movement in this pecking order, even over several decades.Another, perhaps more contentious issue concerns the relevance of the modern research university to the community it serves. The established model, whatever else its strengths and weaknesses, reflects the desire of the middle classes for undergraduate training that prepares their offspring for a stable career. But how does it serve a society in which people may have to retrain and recreate their careers throughout their adult lives? (Words: 363)Unit Three Economy and GlobalizationPart OneWarm-up ListeningThe Great DepressionThe Great Depression was the longest and most severe period of economic depression ever experienced by the United States. It began with a collapse of prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929, and did not end until the United States entered World War II in late 1941. At its worst point—in early 1933—the American economy seemed on the verge of total collapse. National income had declined by almost one-half in a little over 3 years; capital investment had dropped to the point where net investment was negative; and one out of three people in the labor force was out of work. The most protracted period of economic stagnation in American history was finally ended by the war mobilization efforts in 1942. Obviously, no single event or factor was responsible for the decline.First, the stock-market crash which began on October 24, 1929, was not confined to a single day; the decline in asset prices was a process of continual erosion for almost 3 years. This enormous fall in the value of assets not only wiped out countless individual fortunes and savings, it also placed serious pressures on the stability of financial institutions, particularly banks. In addition, the interrelationship of income, consumption, and investment, together with the pessimistic expectations following the financial collapse, acted to discourage spending and thus to hinder the recovery of income. Finally, both the spending thesis and the monetarist thesis acknowledge the importance of serious flaws in the institutional framework of the American economy which contributed to the problems of 1929 to 1941. Even more significant was the absence of any institutional arrangements to cushion the effect that loss of income due to unemployment had on aggregate spending.The Great Depression marked, in a sense, the coming of age of the United States as a mature industrial economy. The events of the 1930s demonstrated the need for changes in the economic reform which was to continue for the next 40 years. Finally, the experience of the Great Depression serves as a continual reminder of the potential instability of our market economy, a memory which spurs a continued search for economic stability. (Words: 359)Part TwoFocus ListeningWhat to Expect at DavosFor more than 35 years, the Swiss businessman, economist, and philanthropist Klaus Schwab has been the driving force behind the World Economic Forum in Davos, where thinkers gather to ponder the problems of the planet. And with the world beset by more ills than job, there is no shortage of issues for CEOs, prime ministers, and academics to wrestle at this year‟s “Annual Meeting” from Jan. 24-28. I talked with Schwab about what will be on the table.What are the most important issues facing the world economy?The World Economic Forum did some research, together with Citigroup and Marsh＆McLennan, to keep track of major global risks, and we have identified 23 different risks, such as global warming, terrorism, oil price shocks, a hard landing for China, and so on. All of those issues will be on the agenda. Davos has one special function: It looks at all the issues on the global agenda, trying to see priorities and find solutions. There will be 2,400 people—half business, half other stakeholders in the global society, including 25 heads of state. You have practically every major government represented.Last year, India was a big focus, as was innovation. What will the hot topics be this year? Priorities evolve during the meeting itself. But a general issue will be the changing power equation, which means that everywhere in society and business, the power is moving from the center to the periphery. Vertical command-and-control structures are being eroded and replaced by communities and different platforms. We are moving into the Web 2.0 world, and this has tremendous implications on the national level and on business models. Also, three countries could be in the limelight: Russia, because the whole issue of energy security is at the top of the agenda; Vietnam, which is a new preferred place of investment; and Mexico, with the new President coming. And even if we are moving more and more into a multi-country world, the U.S. is still the key actor. We will have a delegation of 12 senators, and issues will be the sustainability of U.S. economic growth and the risk of the falling dollar.Your thoughts on Iraq and the Middle East today?It‟s not just an American challenge. It‟s a challenge for the world, because if Iraq goes into chaos and tribalism, the repercussions for the Middle East, for the energy supply will be tremendous. We believe Davos is a platform for positive interaction between the different factions in Iraq.How does the rest of the world view the U.S. today?In my opinion, anti-Americanism has decreased. One reason is that in the U.S. there is a much more vibrant discussion about the future. Americans are asking themselves a lot of questions.Is Davos a bit more of a celebrity fest than you originally intended?Of course, Davos is a place for business and political celebrities, and we have invited Hollywood celebrities because they have been very associated with some social causes. We didn‟t invite them because they were famous. This has brought us more reports, in the popular media. This year we made the decision that with the exception of one or two people, we were not inviting any Hollywood celebrities. (Words: 538)Part ThreeHome ListeningEconomic Conditions: Trying to Read the FutureEconomics and weather have a lot in common. Knowing what conditions will be like weeks or months in the future is not easy. One thing that helps economists predict the future is the index of leading economic indicators.An index is a way to measure changes in a group of numbers over time. In financial markets, for example, an index of stocks will rise or fall with changes in the wider market. The changes measured by an index can be represented with a single percentage.The index may start at a base period of time with a value of one hundred. Now say that a month later the value is recorded as one hundred one. That means it gained one percent. If the index lost one percent, however, the value would be ninety-nine.The leading economic indicators are really ten indexes. Four deal with manufacturing activity. One deals with unemployment claims. Another measures people‟s expectations of the economy. Still others involve financial information like the money supply and interest rates.The index of leading indicators is just one of the tools used to measure the business cycle. Business cycles are the normal changes that happen in economic growth over time.A measure called the coincident index provides information about current conditions. Employment rates are an important part of it. There is also a lagging index. It helps confirm economic changes that currently appear to be taking place. Interest rates are an important lagging indicator.The Conference Board publishes economic indicators for the United States. The Conference Board is a non-profit organization based in New York. It brings together business leaders to learn new ideas from one another. It has member companies around the world.The Conference Board also does economic research. Its work helps show business and government leaders what conditions might be ahead.But this group did not always produce the index of leading economic indicators. It took over the job in nineteen ninety-five from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, part of the Commerce Department.The Conference Board also publishes economic indicators for Australia, France, Germany and Japan. Others are Britain, Mexico, South Korea and Spain. (Words: 357)Unit Four Business and ManagementPart OneWarm-up ListeningTaylor‟s Scientific ManagementF.W. Taylor was the first man to study human beings at work. He published Taylor‟s Scientific Management in 1911 and it has since then multiplied labour productivity by a factor of one hundred.Taylor‟s god was efficiency and the highest ever productivity. Even as a young man he designed a spoon-shaped tennis racket and went on to win the national championship. He always aimed at the highest level efficiency in whatever he attempted.Taylor w as determined to stop all laziness on the shopfloor, “soldiering” as he called it. When he became the gang boss, the workers were frightened that he would increase the workload. A regular battle ensued between Taylor and his workers. There were planned breakdowns in the factory. Taylor‟s life was in danger. But he was a courageous person. He imposed fines and restored discipline. He emerged victorious.Taylor thought that he was a friend of the workers but workers considered him their arch enemy. They called him Speedy Taylor. They thought that his efficiency drive was pure slavery for them. It would impair their health, undermine their freedom and lead to large-scale unemployment.Taylor equated men with machines. Machines worked best when well-maintained and lubricated. Workers should likewise be provided with good working conditions, they should be well-trained and properly paid. They would, Taylor thought, then automatically work best. His concept of man was defective. Man is creative. He has feelings and emotions: he has intelligence. Taylor lost sight of these essentials. (Words: 245)Part TwoFocus ListeningA VOA Special English Economics ReportI‟m Steve Ember with the VOA Special English Economics Report.Peter Drucker was a voice for change and new ways of thinking about social and business relations. He died in Claremont, California, on November 11 at the age of ninety-five.Peter Drucker was born in Austria in 1909. In the late 1920s, he worked as a reporter in Frankfurt, Germany. He also studied international law.He fled Germany as Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933. Peter Drucker spent four years in aaaaBritain as an adviser to investment banks. He then came to the United States. Mister Drucker used his knowledge of international law to advise American businesses. He developed this advice into books on businesses methods and management.In the middle of the 1940s, Peter Drucker argued that the desire for profit was central to business efforts. He also warned that rising wages were harming American business. Mister Drucker was later invited to study General Motors. He wrote about his experiences in the book “The Concept of the Corporation”. In it, he said that workers at all levels should take part in dec ision-making, not just top managers.Critics of Peter Drucker have said that he often included only information that supported his arguments. But even his critics praised his clear reasoning and simple writing. He was called a management guru.Peter Drucker changed his thinking as times changed. In 1993, he warned that seeking too much profit helped a business‟ competitors. That was almost fifty years after he had argued the importance of profits.Mister Drucker taught at the Claremont Graduate School of Management for more than thirty years. He also advised companies. And he wrote for the Wall Street Journal opinion page for twenty years, until 1995. He commented on many economic and management issues.Peter Drucker may be most famous not for answering questions but for asking them. He once said that business people must ask themselves not “what do we want to sell” but “what do people want to buy”.Mister Drucker used terms like “knowledge workers” and “management goals”. Many of his ideas have grown to be highly valued in business training and politics.This VOA Special English Economics Report was written by Mario Ritter. Our reports are online at . (Words: 381)Part ThreeHome ListeningManaging the Global WorkforceBy Jena McGregor and Steve HammThe war for talent never ends. Middle managers in China? Good luck finding them, let alone keeping them. Assembly line workers in Central Europe? They‟re well-educated and hard-working. Trouble is, every company wants them. For corporations, managing this widely scattered, talented, restive, multicultural workforce has never been harder.These facts make a simple but powerful point: The old way of managing across borders is fading fast. In the first half of the 20th century, the globalization of business was based on the British colonial model. Headquarters, functions, and capital were in one place, with managers dispatched to run regional operations like colonies. In the second half of the 1900s, companies adopted the multinational model, replicating their home country operations in other places where they did business. Country units rarely dealt with other divisions in other markets.Today, global corporations are transforming themselve s into “transnationals,” moving work to the places with the talent to handle the job and the time to do it at the right cost. The threat of a U.S. recession only makes such efforts at lowering expenses and grabbing the best talent even more urgent. William J. Amelio, the CEO of Lenovo, the world‟s third-largest computer maker, calls his global workforce strategy “worldsourcing.” Lenovo has executive offices in five cities worldwide and organizes its workforce around hubs of expertise, such as hardware designers in Japan and marketers in India. “You operate as if there's just one time zone,” Amelio says. “And you're always on.”If anything, companies are devising new strategies to reach global scale faster. To retain workers in China, for example, PepsiCo‟s snacks unit funneled nearly 300 extra people into its talent assessment program last year and promoted three times as many managers as it did in 2006. In mid-2007 storage equipment maker EMC started a global innovation network for research and development workers at six labs around the globe. EMC set up a wiki Web site for scientists and engineers to develop technologies and product concepts together. (Words: 453)Unit Five Language and CulturePart OneWarm-up listeningDifferences Between Western Language Styles and Japanese Language StyleAfter I was married and had lived in Japan for a while, my Japanese gradually improved to the point where I could take part in simple conversations with my husband, his friends and family. And I began to notice that often, when I joined in, the others would look startled and the conversation would come to a halt. After this happened several times, it became clear to me that I was doing something wrong. But for a long time, I didn‟t know what it is. Finally, after listening carefully to many Japanese conversations, I discovered what my problem was. Even though I was speaking Japanese, I was handling the conversation in a Western way.Japanese-style conversations develop quite differently from western-style conversations. And the difference isn‟t only in the languages. I realized that just as I kept trying to hold western-style conversations even when I was speaking Japanese, so were my English students trying to hold Japanese-style conversations even when they were speaking English. We were unconsciously playing entirely different conversational ballgames.A western-style conversation between two people is like a game of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a。
新时代研究生综合英语1-11单元课后翻译
新时代研究生综合英语课后翻译答案Unit One1. I don’t put much stock in the idea of luck. I think that usually things go well or not so well for people based on their actions. I believe that for the most part you create your own luck by working hard, practicing self-discipline, remaining persistent, and making personal growth a daily priority.我不相信幸运这一类事情.我认为大多数时候事情发展地顺利或不顺利主要因为人们自己的行为.我相信大多数的情况下你可以通过努力工作,自我约束,坚持不懈,把个人的发展作为每天必考虑的事情等方面创造自己的幸运.2. Most careers involve other people. You can have great academic intelligence and still lack social intelligence---the ability to be a good listener, to be sensitive toward others, to give and take criticism well. 许多的职业都包含其他人(的参与). 你可能具有超强的学术能力,然而缺少社交能力,即有能力倾听别人,对其他人(的反应)敏感,甚至游刃有余地给出或吸纳批评.3. If your circumstances constantly get you down, then maybe it’s tim e for a change---not in your situation, but in your attitude. If you can learn to make the best of any situation, you can remove a formidable obstacle that stands between you and your dreams.如果你周边的环境经常让你意志消沉,也许你的确该改变一下了,可能不是改变你的位置,但至少是你的态度.如果你能学会很好地利用任何情况,你就能消除掉挡在你和你梦想之间的可怕的障碍.4. Anybody can make an honest mistake when things are hectic. But people lacking focus have trouble not because they’re too busy, but because their priorities are not of whack. And that wastes their time and resources.任何人在忙忙碌碌的时候都会犯错误.但是注意力不集中的人经常遇到麻烦不是因为他们太忙了,而是因为他们缺乏优先考虑的事情.这样,不仅浪费了他们的时间,也浪费了资源.5. If you resist change, you’re really resisting success. Learn fexibility, or learn to like living with your failures.如果你拒绝变化,你就是拒绝成功.学会机动灵活,否则就得学会习惯忍受失败. 6. The greater your talent, the more likely you are to lean heavily on it and skip the hard day-to-day work of improving it. If you possess this negative tendency, put yourself on a growth plan so that you can make the most of your God-given talent.你的天分越大,你就有可能越倚赖于天分,甚至跳过日复一日完善它的艰苦工作.如果你有了这样消极的倾向,给自己定一个进步计划,这样你就能充分利用好上帝给你的天赋.Unit Two1．Teachers and professors too often are portrayed as idealists living in an ivory tower who are out of touch with real world. They are accused of emphasizing academic skills or studies that do not relate directly to helping a person move closer to a prospective job or career.老师、教授常被描述成生活在象牙塔中的理想主义者，他们脱离实际，人们指责他们只强调学力和学业，而这些对帮助学生将来求职或就业并无直接关系。
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《新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1 第二单元》
为了更好地帮助你理解和掌握《新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1 第二单元》的内容，我将按照深度和广度的要求进行全面评估，并据此撰写一篇有价值的文章。
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我们来了解《新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1 第二单元》的主题。
在本单元中，主要涉及到学术英语写作的基本要求、学术论文结构与写作、学术英语写作的篇章结构等内容。
这些内容对于研究生来说至关重要，因为良好的学术英语写作能力是进行学术研究、发表论文和参加国际学术交流的基础。
在学术英语写作的基本要求中，我们需要掌握清晰的逻辑结构、准确的语法表达和恰当的词汇运用。
而学术论文的结构和写作则涉及到引言、方法、结果、讨论和结论等部分的组织和表达方式。
学术英语写作的篇章结构也非常重要，包括段落结构、句子结构和修辞手法等方面的运用。
当我们深入了解了以上内容后，我们可以开始撰写一篇有关学术英语写作的文章。
在文章的引言部分，我们可以介绍学术英语写作的重要性，并简要概括本文将要讨论的内容。
我们可以依次展开介绍学术英语写作的基本要求、学术论文的结构与写作以及学术英语写作的篇章
结构。
在每个部分，我们可以引用《新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1 第二单元》中的相关内容，并结合实际案例进行解释和分析，以帮助你更好地理解和掌握。
在文章的结尾部分，我们可以进行总结和回顾性的内容。
总结部分可以对学术英语写作的基本要求、学术论文结构与写作、学术英语写作的篇章结构进行概括，强调其重要性和必要性。
回顾性内容则可以回顾我们在文章中提到的重点和关键内容，以便你能全面、深刻和灵活地理解主题。
我们还可以共享个人观点和理解，以及对学术英语写作的未来发展和趋势进行展望。
在知识的文章格式中，我们可以使用序号标注来列举学术英语写作的基本要求和学术论文的结构，以便读者更清晰地理解。
我们也会多次提及《新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1 第二单元》中的相关内容，以加强文章的权威性和可信度。
通过深度和广度兼具的全面评估，《新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1 第二单元》的主题将在本文中得到充分展现。
我也将根据你的需求和反馈，随时对文章进行修改和调整，以确保你能获得对学术英语写作的全面理解和掌握。
在继续深入探讨《新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1 第二单元》的内容时，我们可以进一步讨论学术英语写作的具体要求和技巧。
在学术英语写作中，除了掌握逻辑结构、语法表达和词汇运用外，还需要注重学术语言的使用和学术风格的塑造。
学术语
言的使用要求准确、客观、严谨，避免主观情感色彩的夸张和夸大，
要求用词精准、语言简练。
学术写作的风格也要求具备一定的正式性
和学术性，避免口语化和随意性的表达方式。
在学术论文的写作过程中，我们还需要掌握文献引用和参考文献的规范。
学术论文需要依据已有的研究成果和学术观点，因此在写作中必
须引用相关的文献资料，并按照规范的格式进行标注和列举。
这不仅
能够增强论文的可信度和权威性，还能够向读者展示作者对相关研究
领域的充分了解和研究。
在学术英语写作的篇章结构中，段落结构和句子结构也是非常重要的。
良好的段落结构能够帮助读者理清思路，把握论点和论据之间的逻辑
关系，使得文章条理清晰，层次分明。
而在句子结构方面，需要避免
过长、过复杂的句子，尽量采用简短、明了的表达方式，以便读者更
容易理解和接受所述内容。
另外，学术英语写作中修辞手法的运用也是需要重点关注的部分。
适
当运用修辞手法能够丰富文章的表达方式，增强语言的生动性和表现力，但过度使用则可能导致语言表达的模糊和不准确。
在写作中需要
恰当地运用比喻、拟人等修辞手法，使得文章更具有感染力和吸引力。
通过对以上内容的深入讨论，将有助于读者更加深入地理解学术英语
写作的核心要求和技巧，增强对该主题的理解和掌握。
针对实际的学
术写作需要，也可结合具体的学术论文写作案例进行分析和讲解，从而帮助读者将所学的知识应用到实际的写作中。
这种结合理论和实践的方式将使得读者更加具有针对性和实用性的学习体验，提高学术英语写作能力。
另外，针对学术英语写作的发展趋势，我们也可以进行展望和研究。
随着全球化的发展和国际交流的加强，学术英语写作也受到了越来越多的关注和重视。
未来，学术英语写作的教学和研究将更加注重多元化、国际化的特点，更加贴近实际的学术需求和应用。
我们也可以在文章中对学术英语写作的未来发展进行深入探讨和展望，让读者对该领域的发展有更清晰的认识和了解。
在整篇文章的写作中，我们可以不断引用《新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1 第二单元》的相关内容，并结合具体案例和实际应用进行阐述和解释，以便读者更加深入地理解和掌握该主题。
通过丰富的案例分析和实践应用，读者将获得更加全面和深刻的学术英语写作知识，增强学习的针对性和实用性。
综而言之，通过对《新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1 第二单元》内容的深入探讨和扩展，我们能够更加全面地了解学术英语写作的核心要求和技巧，为今后的学术研究和论文写作提供坚实的基础和支持。
也能够对学术英语写作的未来发展进行深入探讨和展望，为学术研究领域的发展贡献自己的思考和观点。
在整篇文章的写作过程中，我们
将不断引用教材内容，并结合实际案例进行分析和阐述，使得文章更加具有权威性和可信度，从而帮助读者更加全面地理解和掌握学术英语写作的核心内容。