英语辅导资料

英语辅导资料

LELE was finally revised on the morning of December 16, 2020

《英语(三)》辅导资料

Part I. Vocabulary and Structure

In this part there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

is his duty to __ B. see __ that everyone has enough money for the trip.

A. look

B. see

C. watch

D. note

to the doctor's treatment, the patient was brought ___ A. through ____ at last.

A. through

B. up

C. out

D. about

young man was confident enough to __ C. brush aside _____ any difficulties.

A. drop off

B. cut down

C. brush

aside D. leave out

is arranged that the foreign teacher ___ D. should _____ teach us Oral English.

A. ought

B. might

C. would

D. should

we expected, their project has ended __ B. in

____ complete failure.

A. on

B. in

C. at

D. with

they reach a certain age, army officers ___ A. retire ______ from active service.

A. retire

B. retreat

C. reverse

D. remain

C. As ____ everyone expected, Tom did the best in the competition.

A. Which

B. That

C. As

D. What

I give a chocolate to each of the children It is

better __ B. not to ____.

A. not

B. not to

C. not to do

D. not do

a teacher, you should always dress in ___ C. decent _____ clothes.

A. beautiful

B. shabby

C. decent

D. bright

10. She ___ A. instructs ____ music once a

week at a middle school.

A. instructs

B. institutes

C. installs

D. insists

slum children were ____ D. doomed _____ to

lives of poverty.

A. determined

B. sure

C.

sentenced D. doomed

noise was ____ B. building up _____ until

Mary couldn't stand it any longer.

A. keeping up

B. building up

C.

turning up D. setting up

swimmer ___ D. emerged ______ from the

water and climbed onto the raft.

A. floated

B. arose

C. raised

D. emerged

can't afford a new coat and so will have to ___

A. make do with _____ the old one.

A. make do with

B. do with

C. be

done with D. do without

our ___ C. relief ______, George's illness

proved not to be as serious as we had feared.

A. surprised

B. contented

C. relief

D. anxiety

__ C. went by _______ the directions

contained in the guide-book.

A. went on

B. went beyond

C. went by

D. went forth

between time zones may result in __ C. obvious disturbances in normal sleep patterns and body rhythms.

A. dangerous

B. important

C. obvious

D. impressive

was no sleeping accommodation __ A. available ___ to us for the night.

A. available

B. sufficient

C. probable

D. possible weather it is, we will __ B. carry out _____ this test.

A. carry away

B. carry out

C. carry off

D. carry over

said that the demonstration would go on __ D. as planned ___.

A. as planning

B. like planning

C. as it planned

D. as planned

roof began to __ D. give way ____ because of

the great weight on it. A. give up B. give in C. give back D. give way we reached the top of Mount Tai, a magnificent view of the land A. greeted _us. A. greeted B. presented C. gave D. spread

thief steals whatever he can __ C. get his

hands on ___.

A. lay his fingers on

B. have a

hand in

C. get his hands on

D. put his

hand to

are to have a class meeting before we _ B.

break up ______for the vacation.

A. break off

B. break up

C. break

down D. break through

agreed to ____ C. call off _____ the strike if the company would satisfy the demand of the workers.

A. call out

B. call to

C. call off

D. call on

the last few years, the Internet and the World

Wide Web have become______ words; almost everyone has heard of them.

A. family

B. home

C. house

D. household

never worried or hesitated about anything, she

just ______it and almost always got whatever she wanted.

A. went by

B. went for

C. went over

D. went with

28. The reason 800 million people go hungry

today is not that there isn’t enough food in the world, ______that these people cannot get the food anyway.

A. but

B. despite

C. even

D. except

she matured as an artist, she______ realize that “all artists are a product of their culture.” A. came to B. kept to C. took to D. went to

30. My son failed to come back home last night.

This morning the police came to our house and ______ my worst fears that he was injured in a car accident. A. advocated B. confirmed C. insured D. promised 31. You speak an excellent English. Where did you ___ A. pick __ it __ up ____ A. pick…up B. look…up C. k eep…up D. take…on was very ___ B. considerate ____ of you to let us know you were going to be late.

A. considerable

B. considerate

C. considering

D. considered US has already taken some steps to ___ B. cope with ____ the serious problems created by the energy crisis. A. comply with B. cope with C. leave out D. rule out you won't agree to our plan, ____ D. neither will they _______. A. neither they will B. they will neither C. they won't neither D. neither will they shall tell him the truth, ___ D. no matter whether he likes it or not ____.

A. no matter he likes it or not

B. whether he

would like it or not

C. no matter he may like it or not

D. no matter

whether he likes it or not

June and August there was no rain for weeks ___ D.

on end ____.

A. in the end

B. at the end

C. by the end

D. on end

this hospital patients with measles were isolated by

glass walls _ C. from ___ those suffering

from other diseases.

A. for

B. in

C. from

D. over

has an enormous ____ B. appetite _____ for

classical music and classic literature.

A. interest

B. appetite

C. smell

D. power

bomb hit the warehouse and everything in it __ A.

went up _______ in heavy smoke.

A. went up

B. went down

C. went under

D. went on

, Chinese businessmen often make their deals ___ A. over ____ dinner.

A. over

B. by

C. with

D. for

do you want to ___ A. have go ___with you, Tom or Mary?

A. have go

B. have to go

C. having going

D. have gone turned out that his previous experience was __

B. of value ___ to his final success. A. value B. of value

C. value of

D. for value

I criticized you, it is __ B. so ____I want you to do better in future.

A. for

B. so

C. that

D. what

came back from the party ___ C. happy ____that we had made many new friends

there.

A. happily

B. sadly

C. happy

D. sad

isn't cold enough for there _ D. to be __a frost

tonight, so I can leave Jim's car out quite

safely.

A. would be

B. being

C. was

D. to be

frequent social activities got __ D. in the way

of ___his studies.

A. hold of

B. rid of

C. down to

D. in the way of is rather _ A. that __ she was too busy to go with you, not that _she was unwilling to.

A. that…that

B. because…for

C. for…for

D. so…that thinks that a dictionary means everything when he tries to learn a language, but in my opinion, a dictionary is ___ B. of little use ____to beginners of English.

A. useful

B. of little use

C. of use

D. used pen has run out of ink. Can you lend me a pen __C. to write wit ___

A. to write

B. for writing on

C. to

write with D. writing

fog is so heavy that we have difficulty __ B in making out __what it is before us.

A. to make out B in making out C. for

making out D. on making out

is a sinking-stomach profession, because I leave the classroom an hour later ___ D.

convinced ____ that I was even more

boring than usual.

A. believed

B. thought

C.

considered D. convinced

, the great musician, wrote nine symphonies in his life, most of them ___ B. written

____after he had lost his hearing.

A. writing

B. written

C. having written

D. were written

objective this summer is ___ C. to learn

_____ to drive a car.

A. learn

B. learning

C. to learn

D. of learning

54. We aren't very busy in the shop at the moment; in fact we're rather __ D. slack

______.

A. free

B. lazy

C. spare

D.

slack

should really avoid your ___D. father's staying __ at home alone as he is very ill.

A. father stays

B. father to stay

C father who stays D. father's

staying

you are asked to give evidence in court, you should __B. hold back___ nothing.

A. let out

B. hold back

C. run out

D. give away

don't know what is _D. going on____ in the world if we don't read the newspapers.

A. going for

B. going off

C. going

over D. going on

order to learn English well, we should work hard. __ C. In addition ____, good

methods are equally important.

A. However

B. Therefore

C. In

addition D. Except

you think you can do the job, don't hesitate,

just _ C. go ahead ______.

A. go away

B. go on

C. go ahead

D. go over

'm afraid Jack will be punished for his

carelessness because last night two

prisoners escaped when he was ____ C. on

guard _____.

A. watchful

B. off guard

C. on guard

D. watching out

Japanese strongly protested against the US

military _ D. presence_ in their country.

A. preface

B. powder

C.

position D. presence

boy was locked in his room and kept _______

the whole morning.

A. studying

B. study

C. studied

D. to study

fire spread to the house and soon sent smoke

and D. sparks over the top of the roof.

A. flashes

B. burns

C. lights

D. sparks

atomic bomb victims still _B. bear_hidden wounds and are kept alive by constant care.

A. face

B. bear

C. take

D. carry

sun was almost up ____ C. when _____ they

finally reached the top of the mountain.

A. while

B. until

C. when

D. unless

mother could not afford to ___ B. feed _____ them on meat and fish every day.

A. supply

B. feed

C. support

D. buy

was not until ____ A. when _____ it was threatened with invasion that Vermont declared itself an independent commonwealth.

A. when

B. that

C. which

D. then

I entered the room, I noticed a ___ C.

surprised ____ look come over her face.

A. surprising

B. surprise

C.

surprised D. surprisingly

if we __ B. reduce _____ our expenses to the minimum, we still can't afford to buy a house

in less than two years.

A. shorten

B. reduce

C. lower

D. drop

___ D. happened ____ that I picked up the

key he had lost.

A. by chance

B. took place

C.

occurred D. happened

71. You are late again, but I shan't hold it __ B. against ______ you as it is not your fault.

A. on

B. against

C. for

D. from

72. ____ C. The moment ____ I saw you, I

know you were angry with me.

A. Suddenly

B. Once

C. The

moment D. As

73. It is urgent that he ____ A. should ____ be rescued from the mountain before dark.

A. should

B. would

C. may

D. could

74. Exports have already ___ C. overtaken

____ last year's figure. A. overheard B. overcome C. overtaken D. overthrown

both ___ D. definitely _____ agree that my

salary should be doubled.

A. occasionally

B. faithfully

C.

thoughtfully D. definitely

76. We have __ A. declared___ time and again

that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons.

A. declared

B. demanded

C.

informed D. insisted

77. When the streets are full of melting snow,

you can't help but __ A. get__ your shoes wet.

A. get

B. getting

C. to get

D. got

78. He felt he did not ___ C. deserve ______

to be given such a great honor.

A. achieve

B. get

C. deserve

D. worthy

79. Some interesting questions ____ B. came

up _____ at our discussion of current affairs.

A. came out

B. came up

C. came

through D. came upon

80. You must go there quickly, __ D. unless

______ you won't be back in time.

A. else

B. or other

C. or else

D. unless

country's economy ___ D. is built on ___ both agriculture and industry.

A. has built up

B. has built on

C. is

built up D. is built on

was very happy when he left the classroom, _

A. sure_ that he would do very well in the examination.

A. sure

B. being sure

C. made

sure D. making sure

C. While he was walking ____along the street,

a car hit him and ran away.

A. Walking

B. Walked

C. While he

was walking D. While walking

be a college teacher, you have to fulfill certain

___ B. academic _____ qualifications.

A. practical

B. academic

C. learned

D. technical

author once taught a course ____ B. which

was called __ "Self Reliance in a Technological Society".

A. that had called

B. which was called

C. which called

D. that called

couldn't see the ____ D. point ____ of getting the couple to live together.

A. grade

B. mark

C. score

D. point

by his first successful novel, the young man

was working _ C. on ___a new one.

A. at

B. in

C. on

D. to

are made by shaping wet ___ A. clay ___ and then baking it to make it hard.

A. clay

B. earth

C. soil

D. dirt

teachers think ___ D. keeping ____ diaries is a good way to learn English.

A. making

B. taking

C.

casting D. keeping

well-known player is ____ A. left ____ out of

his country's football team.

A. left

B. felt

C. come

D. made

head of the company ___ C. turned _____ out

to be a twenty-year-old girl.

A. made

B. took

C. turned

D. looked

other day we were boating on the river __ A. when ______ a storm came up.

A. when

B. while

C. as

D. where

train is ___ A. due ____ in Beijing at 10 a.m.

A. due

B. sure

C. early

D. late

until after the First World War __ C. did women gain ______ the right to vote.

A. when women gained

B. that women

gained

C. did women gain

D. women

gained

he was in no hurry, he ____ B. took ___ his time at dinner.

A. made

B. took

C. spent

D. passed

you have told us ____ C. confirms ____ us in the view that this man cannot be trusted.

A. complains

B. conducts

C.

confirms D. concludes

manager kept a ____ D. respectful ___ silence when the young man was giving his

opinion about the company's plan for the

new year.

A. respected

B. respectable

C.

respective D. respectful

persisted in spite of difficulties. ____ B. Eventually ____, he succeeded in getting what he wanted.

A. Temporarily

B. Eventually

C.

Nevertheless D. subsequently

many university graduates have applied, I am afraid I do not _ D. stand a chance of

getting the job.

A. keep

B. take

C. make

D. stand

minister declared his ___ D. intention _____

to run for president.

A. influence

B. interest

C.

instinct D. intention

Part II. Reading Comprehension

There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or incomplete statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should read them carefully and decide on the best answer, then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

Passage 1

If you are like most people, your intelligence varies from season to season. You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of year. A noted scientist, Ellsworth Huntington, concluded from other men's work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities.

He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than is summer heat. This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in summer than they are during the rest of the year. It does mean, however, that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in summer.

Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking. One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature.

Fall is the next-best season, then winter. As for summer, it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation from thinking. to the passage, man's intelligence __c. changes with the seasons_______.

the same through the year from day to

day

with the seasons from year to year

Huntington decided that climate and temperature have ___B. some effect on most people's intelligence ______.

A. a great effect on everyone's intelligence

B. some effect on most people's intelligence

C. some effect on a few people's intelligence

D. no effect on most people's intelligence

Huntington's conclusion was based on __ results of research done by himself and other scientists among peoples in different .

A.v ariations of his own mental abilities

from season to season

B.the results of research done by himself

and other scientists among peoples in

different climates.

C.detailed records of temperature changes

in different places

D.d etailed records of different ways of

thinking among peoples in different

climates

does the author say summer is a good time to take a long vocation from thinking? B．Because people tend to be less creative during summer

A.B ecause a long vocation in summer helps

to improve people's mental power.

B.Because people tend to be less creative

during summer.

C.Because summer is a good time for

outdoor activities.

D.B ecause mental exertion in the summer

heat taxes too much of people's energy.

central idea of this passage is __ A. man's mental abilities change from season to season_____.

A.m an's mental abilities change from

season to season

B.man's intelligence varies from place to

place

C.man should take a long vacation in

summer

D.i f you want to do creative thinking, go to

a cool place

Passage 2

When I was about six years old, my mother came home one day and found that I had collected half a dozen babies of the neighborhood ---- all of them too young to walk ---- and had them sitting before me on the floor while I was teaching them to wave their arms. When she asked the explanation of this, I informed her that it was my school of dance. She was amused, and placing herself at the piano, she began to play for me. This school continued and became very popular. Later on, little girls of the neighborhood came and their parents paid me a small sum to teach them. This was the beginning of what afterwards proved a very lucrative occupation.

My mother took me to a famous ballet teacher, but his lesson did not please me. When the teacher told me to stand on my toes, I asked him why, and when he replied "Because it is beautiful," I said that it was ugly and against nature and after the third lesson I left his class, never to return. This stiff and commonplace gymnastics which he called dancing only disturbed my dream. I dreamed of a different dance. I did not know just what it would be, but I was feeling out towards an invisible world into which I guessed I might enter if I found the key.

My art was already in me when I was a little girl, and it was owing to the heroic and adventurous spirit of my mother that it was not stifled. I believed that whatever the child is going to do in life should be begun when it is very young. I wonder how many parents realize that by the so-called education they are giving their children, they are only driving them into the commonplace, and depriving them of any chance of doing anything beautiful or original.

her mother came home one day, the narrator of the story __ A. was teaching half a dozen babies to dance __.

A.w as teaching half a dozen babies to

dance

B.was teaching half a dozen babies to walk

C.was collecting babies of the

neighborhood

D.w as making babies of the neighborhood

sit before her on the floor

attitude of the narrator's mother toward her school of dance was one of _ C. support .

A. despise

B. contempt

C.

support D. indifference

narrator thought that ballet was ____ B. stiff, ugly and unnatural ______.

A. the most graceful dance

B. stiff, ugly and unnatural

C. a dance that she had dreamed of

D. an invisible world into which she

guessed she might enter

to the narrator, she owed her success in art to __ support of her understanding and adventurous mother .

A.t he good education her parents gave her

B.the support of her understanding and

adventurous mother

C.her inborn talent

D.h er ballet teacher

central idea of the passage is that ___ A. parents should try to discover the natural gift in their children and help to develop it while they are young ____.

A.p arents should try to discover the natural

gift in their children and help to develop

it while they are young

B.the so-called good education parents give

their children only drives them into the

commonplace and deprives them of any

chance of doing anything original

C.mothers should be heroic and

adventurous

D.b allet is no good as a form of dance

Passage 3

Is vitamin E a cure for baldness

Will it cure acne（痤疮） Can it relieve the pain of arthritis or prevent ulcers These are only a few of the uses some people claim for vitamin E,

but for many years no scientific proof has been possible for any of these claims.

Vitamin E is not a rare substance by any means; it is present in vegetable oils and in grains, but in most diets the main source of vitamin E is leafy vegetables. Some vitamin E is lost in the cooking process, but not a really significant amount; a good balanced diet will, according to critics of “vitamin medicine”, supply all the vitamin E anyone needs.

In animals, shortage of vitamin E causes sudden and obvious changes. Chickens deprived of vitamin E develop muscular weakness. Calves whose diets contain inadequate amounts of vitamin E develop heart disease. Rats who are deprived of vitamin E develop liver degeneration. Nor do they grow as quickly as healthy rats.

But in humans, with one exception, there are no symptoms of any kind associated with a vitamin E deficiency. Premature infants who lack proper amounts of vitamin E sometimes develop anemia（贫血）or skin rashes, but any symptoms caused by this deficiency in adult humans are either too insignificant to appear in normal tests or are simply nonexistent. A study in Elgin, Illinois, followed subjects maintained on low vitamin E diets for six years and could discover no effects of the diet on the subjects at all.

Some studies, such as a study performed by three Canadian doctors in the late 1940s, have found vitamin E helpful in treating specific diseases, such as angina pectoris, a type of heart disease. But other studies have tried to duplicate these findings and failed. So there is no absolutely undeniable evidence that vitamin E will prevent or cure disease.

Claims for the cosmetic use of vitamin E continue to multiply, however. Creams and ointments containing vitamin E appear on the market almost daily, to help remove skin blemishes（瑕疵）, to soften dry skin, to control skin wrinkles. Vitamin E is even used in deodorants（除臭剂）. Vitamin E itself is a

preservative, an antioxidant, so the producers’ thinking is that vitamin E will prevent odor by preventing bacteria from oxidizing perspiration. But no study or medical proof ever appeared to prove any of these cosmetic claims completely.

You can add vitamin E pills to your morning routine if you like, but unfortunately no one has ever been able to demonstrate conclusively any reason why you should.

1. The main idea of this passage is that _ C. most of the medical and cosmetic claims about vitamin E are not supported by research ____.

A.taken as a preventive measure against

disease, vitamin E can be harmful

B.although vitamin E has not been proved

effective in fighting disease, it does have

some cosmetic value

C.most of the medical and cosmetic claims

about vitamin E are not supported by

research

D.advertisements are attempting to mislead

the public with their claims about vitamin 2. In animals, vitamin E deficiency is associated

with all of the following disorders except _ B.

diabetes___.

A. heart disease

B. diabetes

C. liver

degeneration D. muscular weakness

3. Which of the following conclusions is NOT supported by the passage? C. Vitamin E is more useful cosmetically than medically

A.Vitamin E deficiency is less harmful to

humans than to other animal.

B.Vitamin E may be helpful in treating

angina pectoris.

C.Vitamin E is more useful cosmetically than

medically.

D.Vitamin E is fairly abundant in a balanced

diet.

4. The passage suggests that _ B. the public regards vitamin E as a wonder drug____.

A.little research has been done to protect

consumers

B.the public regards vitamin E as a wonder

drug

C.advertising is basically a business of

deception

D.some research that has been reported has

been proved false

5. As used in this passage, the word “degeneration” means __ B. deterioration ____.

A. ailment

B. deterioration

C. deviance

D. maturation

Passage 4

A summary of the physical and chemical nature of life must begin, not on the Earth, but in the Sun; in fact, at the Sun’s very center. It is here that is to be found the source of the energy that the Sun constantly pours out into space as light and heat. This energy is liberated at the center of the Sun as billions upon billions of nuclei of hydrogen atoms collide with each other and fuse together to form nuclei of helium, and, in doing so, release some of the energy that is stored in the nuclei of atoms. The output of light and heat of the Sun requires that some 600 million tons of hydrogen be converted into helium in the Sun every second. This the Sun has been doing for several thousands of millions of years.

The nuclear energy is released at the Sun’s center as high-energy gamma radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation like light and radio waves, only very much shorter wavelength. This gamma radiation is absorbed

by atoms inside the Sun, to be remitted at slightly longer wavelengths. This radiation, in its turn, is absorbed and remitted. As the energy filters through the layers of the solar interior, it passes through the X-ray part of the spectrum, eventually becoming light. At this stage, it has reached what we can do to the solar surface, and can escape into space, without being absorbed further by solar atoms. A very small fraction of the Sun’s light and heat is emitted in such directions that, after passing unhindered through interplanetary space, it hits the Earth. (268 words)

does the passage mainly discuss?

production of solar light and heat.

physical and chemical nature of life.

conversion of hydrogen to helium. in

the X-ray part of the spectrum.

to the passage, energy is released in the Sun when_____.

atoms bind with each other. radiation

escapes from the spectrum.

is absorbed by helium. of hydrogen

atoms collide.

passage indicates that, in comparison to radio waves, gamma wave_____.

A. are not as long.

B.

produce louder sound.

C. are less magnetic.

D.

do not form in the Sun’s centre.

to the passage, through which of the following is the energy released in the Sun pass before it becomes light?

A. Electromagnetic space.

B. The solar surface.

C. The X-ray part of the spectrum.

D. Interplanetary space. can be inferred from the passage that the Sun’s light travels _____.

solid objects in space. many different

directions.

slowly than scientists previously believed.

in summer than in winter.

Passage 5

Unbelievable as it sounds, a rain of fish

did actually occur in 1817, at Appin, Scotland.

It consisted of a downpour of small herrings

(青鱼), a feat that nature repeated in 1830, at Islay, in Argyllshire. Some 60 years ago there

was a shower of small frogs in the west of England and in 1900 a thunderstorm brought down more of the creatures near Liverpool.

Even this doesn’t exhaust the marvels of nature, for many other curious effects have been connected with rainfalls. For example, there

was a shower of red rain in 1608 at Aix, during which large red drops of liquid were on the cemetery and the walls of the church. Needless

to say, this “shower of blood” was not taken lightly by the frightened inhabitants. Red rain

has been recorded many times since then, for instance at Vienna and in Italy in 1901, in Cornwall and Hamburg in 1902, and in

England in 1903. The explanation probably lies

in the fact that large quantities of algae（海

藻）were brought down by the rain. Algae are

tiny plants measuring less than one-thousandth

of an inch in diameter --- the simplest forms of vegetable life.

Black rain is another oddity that has

visited the British Isles. In 1862, 4 showers of black rain fell in Scotland. They were probably

the result of volcano dust brought to earth from the higher atmosphere. Yellow rain has also

been recorded and pollen is suspected of being the coloring agent.

While such curiosities of nature are startling, they all have natural explanations. The herrings --- were probably picked up by a waterspout at sea. The frogs probably enjoyed a similar experience as a result of a whirlwind, either from a swamp or from a meadow. In any event, no rainstorms of fish or frogs have been recorded far from either seacoasts or swampland.

best title for this passage is_____.

A. A Shower of Fish

B. A Rain of Frogs

C. The Marvels of Nature

D. Curious Rainfalls

main idea of this passage is that_____.

rain of fish actually occurred in 1817, at

Appin, in Scotland.

curious but natural effects have been

connected with rainfalls.

rain is an oddity that has visited the British Isles.

curiosities of nature have natural

explanations.

downpour of frogs occurred near_____.

A. Appin, Scotland.

B. Vienna.

C. Hamburg.

D. Liverpool.

author states that such curiosities of

nature_____.

A. cannot be explained.

B. have natural explanations.

C. are caused by God.

D. will cease as man’s knowledge of nature increases. 5. You can infer from the passage that Islay, in Argyllshire, is near_____.

A. meadowland.

B. the desert.

C. the seacoast.

D. mountains.

Passage 6

In the first year or so of web business, most

of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they are looking for.

Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate

to use the web because of doubts about its reliability. Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company’s private Internet.

Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to pull customers into sites. In the past years, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to push information directly out

to customers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers’ computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a

company’s web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product of offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the web and television fades. That’s a pro spect that horrifies Net purist.

But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers show that a web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop on silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.

1. We learn from the beginning of the passage that web business _A. has been striving to expand its market.

A. has been striving to expand its market

B.

intended to follow a fanciful fashion

C. tried but in vain to control the market

D.

has been booming for one year or so

2. Speaking of the online technology available for

marketing, the author implies that __ C. there is a radical change in strategy __.

A.the technology is popular with many web

users

B.businesses have faith in the reliability of

online transaction

C.there is a radical change in strategy

D.it is accessibly limited to established

partners

3. In the view of Net purists, _ D. there should be

no online commercial information without request

_____.

A.there should be no market messages on

online culture

B.money making should be given priority to

on the web

C.the web should be able to function as the

television set

D.there should be no online commercial

information without request

4. We learn from the last paragraph that _ B. interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customers ______.

A.pushing information on the web is

essential to Internet commerce

B.interactivity, hospitality and security are

important to online customers

C.leading companies began to take the online

plunge decades ago

D.setting up shops in silicon is independent

of the cost of computing power

5. The word “transaction” in paragraph two can

be best replaced by __ C. .

A. interactivity

B. activity

C. deal

D. dealing

Passage 7

Thatcherism is, by Thatcher’s reckoning, only halfway completed. Upon coming to power in 1979, she reduced income tax (the top rate fell from 83% to 60%), raised the value added tax (a levy on goods and services) from 8% to 15% and sharply cut public spending.

The money supply was throttled, and interest rates were allowed to soar. The strategy cooled inflation, but also threw a record number of British companies into bankruptcy and millions of workers out of jobs. Since 1979, when the downturn began, industrial production has slumped 8%.

There are some encouraging signs. Bank lending rates are now in the 10% range, down from 17% in 1980 and interest on mortgages has fallen from 15% to around 11%. Productivity is up, and the rate of wage hikes is down. But none of these signs of improving health is proof the rebound will persist. Many economists are bracing for a jump in joblessness to million this fall. Nevertheless, the prime minister is unlikely to resort to Keynesian pump priming even if her policies remain slow to work. At a critical time during her first term, when many in her cabinet were demanding a U-turn on economic policy, she uttered the now famous words: “The lady’s not for turning.”

Thatcher not only has changed the course of British economic policy, but has altered the shape of the nation’s politics, especially within the Conservative Party. Fading fast is the image of the Tories as the private preserve of landed gentlemen who went to the right schools, believe in modernization and carry a certain sense of nobleless oblige toward the lower classes. Thatcher has taken the party out of the hands of the gentry and turned it over to people like herself who have worked their way up in the world and who sometimes see a sense of social responsibility as an unaffordable luxury. She has forged an alliance between skilled workers and the middle class. Only unskilled workers have remained safely in the Labor camp, and theirs is a swindling breed.

is_____.

A.Thatcher’s economic experiment.

B.the alliance forged by Thatcher

between skilled workers and the middle

class.

C.the toughness of Thatcher’s personality

and of her policies.

D.the generalization of Thatcher’s first

term.

of the following is true about the economic phenomena in Britain from 1979 to 1983?

A.All interest rates were kept high.

B.Employment rate was way up. So was

productivity.

C.Inflation was down and industrial

production dropped.

D.Both industrial production and

productivity increased since 1979.

one of the following is not true?

A. Thatcher is Tory.

B. Whether Thatcher would change her

policies or not depended on whether the

rebound would persist.

C. Thatcher advocated thrift.

D .Thatcher is self-reliant.

of the following agrees with the old image of typical Tory?

A. Enthusiastic.

B. With a life story which starts from obscurity to prominence.

C. Lacking a sense of social responsibility.

D. Gentle.

5. Which of the following is the right and the

most complete list of the skills used in this

passage?

A. Giving examples, listing figures, making reference to the past.

B. Giving examples, listing figures, making comparisons.

C. Giving examples, listing figures, making comments.

D. Giving examples, listing figures, making comparisons, making predictions.

Passage 8

Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.

There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes “prior to” disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.

The second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are exploring potential economic uses for their waste products.

1. The purpose of this passage is _____.

A. to make the reader acquainted with water pollution problems.

B. to alert the reader to the dwindling water supply.

C. to explain industrial uses of water.

D. to demonstrate various measures to solve the pollution problem.

of the following points is NOT included in the passage

A. diluting wastes needs a certain amount of water.

B. demands for water will go up along with

the expanding population.

C. intensive cultivation of land requires

more and more chemicals.

D. industrial development includes the

simplification of complex chemical

processes.

reader can conclude that_____.

A. countries of the world will work together on pollution problems.

B. some industries are now making economic use of liquid wastes.

C. byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace.

D. science is making great progress in increasing water supplies.

techniques has the author used in writing the passage?

A. Conducting interviews with authorities in the field of water controls.

B. Providing definitions which clarify important terms.

C. Offering opinions and personal observations.

D. Making strong arguments and persuasions.

words “prior to” (in Paragraph 2) probably mean_____.

A. during.

B. before.

C. after.

D. beyond.

Passage 9

Today’s trumpet is one of the world’s oldest instrument. It is really the result of many centuries of development. Although it looks nothing like its ancestors, there are many similarities. All trumpets are hollow tubes. They are blown. And they all use the player’s lips to produce the basic sound.

The trumpet developed as players and makers worked to improve its design, size, shape, material and method of construction. They wanted to create an instrument that would produce a beautiful and attractive tone, enable the performer to play all the notes of scale, extend the range higher and lower, make it possible to play more beautiful music, and, in general, be easier to play well. The remarkable way in which the modern trumpet achieves these goals is a measure of the success of all those who struggled to perfect this glorious instrument.

The trumpet is actually the leading member of an entire family of related instruments. There are trumpets of seven different sizes and in several different keys. There are cornet, bugles, flugelhorns and a number of others that are all similar to the trumpet in the way they are made and played.

The trumpet family is much more than a group of related instruments that can stir one with their sound, or narrow tubes of metal capable of producing a variety of musical sounds. It is a link to many different periods of history and to people of many cultures. From the use of trumpets in ancient religious ceremonies to the part they play in modern rock bands, the trumpet family of instruments has much to tell about civilization and its development.

1. What is the best title of the passage A. Science and the trumpet

and the trumpet trumpet and its ancestry

of the trumpet the trumpet is made

2. It can be inferred from the passage that ___ B.

air pressure_____ is needed to make the trumpet work.

A. long finger

B. air pressure

C. keen eyesight

D. daily cleaning

3. Which of the following can be inferred about the first trumpet players? D. They could not play all the notes of the scale.

were not able to pick up the trumpet.

could not play simple tune.

had difficulty improving upon the trumpet.

could not play all the notes of the scale.

4. The word “one” in the first sentence of

paragraph 4 could be best replaced by _ B. the .

A. the composer

B. the listener

C. a family

D. an instrument

5. The author believes that the trumpet is

particularly important because it __C. has

istorical significance.

be used in rock bands a religious

instrument

historical significance a narrow range

Passage 10

Aging is the process of growing old. It occurs eventually in every living thing provided,

of course, that an illness or accident does not kill

it prematurely. The most familiar outward signs

of aging may be seen in old people, such as the graying of the hair and the wrinkling of the skin. Signs of aging in a pet dog or cat include loss of playfulness and energy, a decline in hearing and eyesight, or even a slight graying of the coat. Plants age too, but the signs are much harder to detect.

Most body parts grow bigger and stronger, and function more efficiently during childhood. They reach their peak at the time of maturity, or early adulthood. After that, they begin to decline. Bones, for example, gradually become lighter and more brittle. In the aged, the joints between the bones also become rigid and more inflexible. This can make moving very painful.

All the major organs of the body show signs

of aging. The brain, for example, works less efficiently, and even gets smaller in size. Thinking processes of all sorts are slowed down. Old people often have trouble in remembering recent events.

One of the most serious changes of old age occurs in the arteries, the blood vessels that lead from the heart. They become thickened and constricted, allowing less blood to flow to the rest

of the body. This condition accounts, directly or indirectly, for many of the diseases of the aged. It may, for example, result in heart attack.

Aging is not a uniform process. Different parts of the body wear out at different rates. There are great differences among people in their rate of aging. Even the cells of the body differ in the way they age. The majority of cells are capable of reproducing themselves many times during the course of a lifetime. Nerve cells and muscle fibers can never be replaced once they wear out.

Gerontologists --- scientist who study the process of aging --- believe the wearing out of the body is controlled by a built-in biological time-clock. They are trying to discover how this clock works so that they can slow down the process. This could give man a longer life and a great number of productive years.

the brain begins to age, _____.

A. eyesight will begin to decline too.

B. it becomes lighter.

C. the thinking processes go on just as before. declines.

to the passage, what is responsible for many of the diseases of the old?

A. Their trouble in remembering recent events.

B. The worn-out nerve cells and muscle fibers.

C. The blood vessels that have become thickened and constricted.

D. The rigid and inflexible joints between the bones.