2021届高考英语词义猜测题题型分类与练习
2021年英语高考冲刺：《猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧》及相应练习巩固(附答案)
高考冲刺：猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧题型介绍高考大纲要求考生能“根据上下文推断生词的词义”。
词义猜测题一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。
所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。
常见提问方式The underlined word “______”in the passage means ______.What does “_______” in the third paragraph stand for?The word/phrase “________” most n early means ______.The word/phrase “______” could best be replaced by ______.The word/phrase “______” in Line…, Para …refers to______.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “________”?What’s the meaning of “______” in Line …, Para …?The underlined sentence in the first /second... paragraph probably means that ________.正确选项的特点【链接高清】1. 对于超纲词汇的正确解释，如果将它代入回原文，则符合逻辑，使文章通顺易懂。
2. 对于未超纲的词或短语的正确解释，往往是熟词新义，是根据上下文推测的一个特定场合的含义。
干扰项的特点1.字面意思：对于熟悉的词，干扰项会列出它的字面意思或常规含义。
2.无关意思：除了字面意思，出题人还常用凭空杜撰出来的其它意思来干扰考生，但只要将此意思带入原文，不符合逻辑就能够排除。
解题思路1. 返回原文，结合上下文，理解该词的意思。
2021高考英语阅读理解满分必备解词义猜测题技巧
2021高考英语阅读理解满分必备解词义猜测题技巧技巧1利用构词法猜词义汉字大多都是形声字，声旁表音，形旁表意。
和汉字一样，英语单词也是按照一定的构词规则组成的，常见的构词法主要有三种：1.合成法合成法是指两个或多个单词按照一定的组合规律组合在一起，形成一个新的单词。
一般来说，新的合成词的意思就是各个组成词的意思的综合。
例如：workmate是由work（工作）和mate（伙伴）组合成的新单词，它的意思是"工友，同事"。
这样的单词在平时阅读中经常见到，也比较容易猜测出它们的意思。
【小试牛刀】（1）猜猜看，以下单词是什么意思呢？①ill-treat ②keyboard ③single-handed④air-condi tioned ⑤pineapple【典例】Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style ofthinking. Without fail one would declare, "But I m just not creative."...Q:What does the underlined word "downside" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.【解析】根据构词法进行猜测，downside由down和side组成，字面意思为"下面的一边"，初步可以猜测出词义为"不足部分"。
再根据画线单词后的"I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking"可知,我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险，说明我的这种教育方法也有不足之处。
20212021学年高考英语大题精做04阅读理解词义猜想题（含解析）新人教版
词义猜想题【题型冲破】词义猜想题有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜想词组、句意题。
因为猜想词组、句意题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点/态度等。
联系文章主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这种题的关键。
近几年命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。
【命题方式】1.The word/phrase＂…＂in the passage means _________.2.The word/phrase＂…＂can be best replaced by _________.3. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to _________?4.The word/phrase＂…＂probably refers to _________.5.What does the underlined word/phrase＂…＂in the passage mean?词义猜想题要按照词、词组、句子所在的上下文语境来判断其意义，咱们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可离开语境主观臆断。
熟练以下猜词技能是做好这种题的关键。
猜词方法依据猜词方法依据定义有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
指代关系it，that，this，he，him，them可指上文提到的事、物、人。
有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。
同位关系阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系进行猜测。
同义关系当词或短语之间有并列连词and，or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，从而推知其大致意思。
构词法很多词通过添加前缀、后缀等而合成、派生、转化成一个＂新＂词，通过掌握一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。
高考英语第二轮复习阅读理解专题指导 猜测词义题 试题
和桥高级中学2021届高考英语第二轮复习阅读理解专题指导猜想词义题在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。
这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。
这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。
事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或者句子甚至段落都有联络。
我们可以利用语境〔各种信息〕推测、判断某些生词的词义。
近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义才能的考察，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对打破高考阅读理解、进步我们的英语语言才能都有非常重要的意义。
常见的题干有：1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？2) The word... could best be replaced by.3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).4) According to the passage,... probably means.5) The author uses the word... to mean.猜想词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索：一是针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或者高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。
这些解释提供的信息明确详细，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜想词义就非常简单。
1.根据定义〔definition〕猜想词义假如生词有一个句子〔定语从句或者是同位语<同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等>或者是同位语从句〕或者段落来定义,或者使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或者段落本身就是推断词义。
定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
专题6：词义猜测题 - 2021年高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及真题演练
第六讲：准解题—词义猜测题(“义”由“境”生莫忘记)怎么解——活用5大猜词技法要做好词义猜测题，考生必须熟练掌握《普通高中英语课程标准》规定的词汇，在平时的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心，还要学会根据上下文语意进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。
下面介绍5种行之有效的猜词技法，希望对考生提高阅读理解中词义猜测题的解题能力有所帮助。
技法(一)利用上下文线索猜测词义1．重述作者为了使某一复杂难懂的词或术语的含义更清楚，通常会使用常用、简明的词或词组对其进行解释，这就是重述。
重述部分通过逗号(有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号)与句子的其他部分隔开或用信号词引导。
常见的信号词语有：or, namely, that is, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put in another way等。
[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅲ阅读B)[4]“China is impossible to overlook，” says Hill.“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking_on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs — and beating them hands down in design and sales，”adds Hill.26．What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean?A．learning from B．looking down onC．working with D．competing against分析：画线词汇所在的句子中有破折号，而画线词汇又位于破折号之前，因此，须特别注意破折号后面的内容，破折号后的内容是对前文的补充说明。
高考英语阅读专项练习-猜测词义题
一、猜测词义题1. 通过定义或释义猜测词义一般可通过定义、定语从句等来确定需要猜测的词的词义，这类词大多是专有名词、生僻词汇或短文中较为重要的词汇，为了让读者能够正确理解它们，作者会作出定义和解释性的说明。
The Jet d'Eau and the Flower Watch are the main attractions every year for the tourists visiting Geneva. The Jet d'Eau has become the symbol of Geneva for a long time. This is a 140 meters high water monument with a rich history. Eight 13,500-watt projects light the grand column（圆柱）of the fountain in the evening. From early March until the second Sunday of October...Question: The “Jet d'Eau” in the paragraph refers to ________.A. the water fountainB. the English GardenC. a new scene with electric lightingD. the name of a famous watchmaker2. 通过对比猜测词义作者通常用however, but, on the other hand, on the contrary, instead of, while等表示转折的词形成相互对比、相互对照的效果，考生可以根据这些词语推断所出现的需要猜测的词语的意思。
Now, here are some simple ways you can produce less waste at work. When you are at the copier, only make the copies you need.Use both sides of the paper when writing something less important. Turn off your lights when you leave. Use a lower watt bulb（灯泡）in your lamp. Drink your coffee or tea out of your mugs instead of single-use cups. Set up a recycling box for cans and one for bottles.Question: The underlined word “mugs” is most likely to be________.A. machines that makes coffeeB. containers that can be used again and againC. paper products for teaD. something that can only be found in an office3. 通过因果关系猜测词义考生可以通过分析事件的结果，推测出可能造成这种结果的原因；或者通过事物的原因，推测出其结果。
专题 13 词义猜测题之代词指代-2021年高考英语阅读理解精讲精练 (解析版)
专题 13 词义猜测题之代词指代代词指代题旨在考查学生对阅读素材的理解和把握能力。
文章中的代词this，that, it，they，them等可以指上文提到的人或物。
其中it和that还可以指一件事。
有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。
“3步法”解题此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，they，them，one等）究竟指代什么。
具体方法：（1）返回原文，找出指代词(it，they，them，this...).（2）向上（有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子（就近原则）。
（3）将找到的词、词组或句子代人替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。
[微点拨]理清人物及事物间的逻辑关系是解答代词指代题的关键。
考生可利用上下文，采用逻辑关系梳理法，使人物或事物的关系明朗化。
要记住代词永远出现在原词之后，根据这条原则可快速排除选项中出现在代ADo you make money by doing small jobs? If you do, you may have heard of the idea of spending only some of it, saving some of it and donating (捐赠) some to people who need it more．The head of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, and his wife announced they were giving away 99% of their money from Facebook during their lives to help others！That alone is amazing considering most people donate about 3% to 5% of the money they have．It’s even more amazing when you realize they’re donating about D|S45 billion．That’s D|S45,000,000,000！！！！Don’t worry．They’ll still have about D|S455 million to live on!They made this decision partly because they had a baby girl, Max, and thought about what kind of world they’d like her to grow up in．It must be an amazing feeling to have that kind of money spent on people in need．Mark Zuckerberg is one of the richest persons in the world, so most of us will never know what that would be like．But we don’t have to be super wealthy to make meaningful change．Sometimes change can come from change!Tenyearold Joey Roth from America started saving up change he found anywhere —around his house, on the street, on his way to school ．．．And then he started putting it in a jar (广口瓶)．He even asked the tooth fairyto donate some change in his letter to her after he lost a tooth! (The tooth fairy is an imaginary person．) His collection, Jar for Change, has grown into a communitywide effort and he has raised over D|S10,000 all from people dropping coins into jars! The money he raises goes to help connect parents with their very sick babies．See what these people have done? You, too, can make a difference— no matter how old you are, where you live and how much you earn!1．How much would most people donate if they had 10,000 yuan?A．30－50 yuan．B．50－100 yuan．C．300－500 yuan． D．500－1,000 yuan．2．Mark Zuckerberg and his wife decided to make such a donation partly because of ________．A．Joey Roth B．their daughterC．their education D．their childhood3．What does the underlined word “that”in the third paragraph refer to?A．Making money．B．Spending money unwisely．C．Being the richest person in the world．D．Giving away D|S45 billion to help others．4．What does the author intend to tell us by mentioning Joey Roth’s story?A．Everyone can help others．B．Giving makes people happy．C．Pocket money can be helpful．D．Giving is better than receiving．BThere is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many of us associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.We should not only embrace our heritage (遗产) through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.5．What’s the function of food mentioned in the article?A．To help motivate homesickness.B．To show national identity.C．To reflect a country’s history.D．To show a community’s superiority.6．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．The specific traditional food.B．The national culture.C．A traditional expression of food.D．The old-fashioned taste.7．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurants?A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes.B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.C．To make the dishes popular among customers.D．To present their own food culture in a new way.8．What’s he author’s attitude toward different food cultures?A．Negative.B．Balanced.C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.CAlong with the progress of reform and opening up, the Chinese film industry has also made remarkable achievements and become in a flourishing (繁荣的) state in economic growth. It has recorded social changes in the past decades through the medium of the film. The film market of China has been much better than that of North America, becoming the largest in the world during the first season of 2019.In the original stage of reform and opening up, old Chinese movies were rescreen ed and foreign movies dubbed (译制). Audiences' enthusiasm for movies was lighted up by both these practices. In 1979, the attendance ofChinese moviegoers reached a record high of 29.3 billion. However, televisions and other entertainment activities sprang up in the late 1980s and drew many audiences away from movies when the film market faced a danger.The employment of a socialist market economy in China in 1992 brought energy again to the film industry. With the introduction of free competition and reforms, it made an abundant recovery and experienced rapid growth. In the same period, China began to introduce overseas movies into the home market, especially those from Hollywood. Despite the argument that foreign movies occupy the space of home-made ones, Chinese movies with increasingly higher quality have gained a firm foothold in the local market with box offices setting several new records.The development of the Internet has added new energy to the Chinese film industry. In 2015, the powerful Internet companies, one called Tencent and another Alibaba, developed their own film arm and began to adapt popular online stories for movies. With big data, more accurate marketing skills can target specific audiences to satisfy their personal preferences. Yet the development of online cinemas may pose threats to the survival of offline ones. Now the film industry is exploring more advanced film screening technologies to provide audiences with an improved movie experience.9．Which threat did the Chinese film market face in the late 1980s?A．Popularity of televisions.B．Development of online cinemas.C．A slowdown in economic growth.D．Introduction of overseas movies.10．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A．The space of Chinese movies.B．The Chinese film industry.C．The socialist market economy.D．The introduction of reform and opening up.11．What does the author indicate in the end?A．Online cinemas will replace traditional ones sooner.B．The film screening technology is key to films' success.C．The Internet is a two-edged sword for the film industry.D．Movies made by Tencent and Alibaba are most successful.12．What would be the best title for the text?A．The Ever-changing Film MarketB．Popular Online FilmsC．Advanced Film TechnologiesD．Flourishing Chinese Films答案A语篇解读：不是一定要有很多钱才能帮助别人，我们也可以从小处做起。
专题 11 词义猜测题之单词、短语意义猜测-2021年高考英语阅读理解精讲精练 (解析版)
专题 11 词义猜测题之单词、短语意义猜测词义猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分（尤其是该词或短语前后的句子）进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
考查范围涉及对某个生词或短语的含义的猜测，对某个熟词进行生义的猜测或考查该词能被哪个单词或短语代替等。
猜测词义的五大技巧:利用构词法猜词义利用逻辑关系猜词义利用语法关系猜词义：利用语言表述中的举例子、下定义、定语从句、同位语、自问自答、标点符号等进行词义猜测利用生活常识和文化背景猜词义ACortana．Alexa．Siri．These are names of robotic voices that are often programme d on electronic tablet s．They also become default (默认) identities for people with speech disorders who rely on technology to communicate．Now some speech scientists are developing personalize d voices to reflect the broader diversity of the people who use them．To do it, they are tapping into a vast network of volunteers who are donating their voices to share with people who cannot speak．The effort to build an international“Human Voicebank”has attracted more than 17,000 volunteer s from 110 countries, including Priyanka Pandya, a 16yearold from Columbia, Md．, who plans to spend her winter vacation record ing a string of sentences into her computer．“To be able to give somebody the gift of voice, I think that’s really, really powerful，”she said．“Everyone has a voice，”said Rupal Patel, founder of V ocaliD, the company that started the voicebank．“Even people who are unable to speak have sounds that are unique to them．”Her company designs personalized voices by recording the unique sounds of the user, and then mixing them with 6 to 10 hours of recordings from a voice donor, matched by age, gender and region．The company is developing voices now for its first 100 customers．Also, people’s voices change．The company is looking for donors who are willing to record their voices, and then record them again a few years later, as they get older．Some of the first customers say they are happy with the results．John A．Gregoire was one of the first customers to receive a personalized voice from VocaliD last December．The voice came eight years after he developed ALS (肌萎缩侧索硬化症) and more than six years have passed since his voice became unintelligible to everyone except his wife and youngest son．“Having a distinctive voice is like getting something back that was stolen，”John said．1．What can we know about the voicebank?A．It collects all kinds of voices．B．It gains strong public support．C．It helps to recognize special voices．D．It offers people personalized voices free．2．What does the example of John A．Gregoire stress?A．Customers’desire for personalized voices．B．V ocaliD’s efforts to develop personalized voices．C．Customers’satisfaction with personalized voices．D．V ocaliD’s success in designing personalized voices．3．What does the underlined word “unintelligible”mean in the last paragraph?A．Unclear．B．Soft．C．Incomplete．D．Rough．4．What is the main idea of the text?A．V olunteers donate their voices to V ocaliD．B．V ocaliD is devoted to building a voicebank．C．The Human V oicebank helps people with speech problems．D．The Human Voicebank wins fame among people with speech problems．BScientists are preparing to launch the world’s first machine to clean up the planet’s largest mass of ocean plastic．The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patch—about 40,000 metric tons —within five years．In the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tube s that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine, creating the largest floating barrier ever made．The system, originally dreamt up by Mr．Slat, will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, between Hawaii and California, which contains estimated 1．8 trillion pieces of plastic．It will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997．Mr．Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea．“There were more bags than fish down there，”he recalls．Two years later he came up with a solution, quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company．Mr．Slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone．“We as humanity created this problem, so I think it’s also our responsibility to help solve it，”he says．The Great Pacific Garbage Patch cover s an area of 1．6 million square kilometers and contains at least 79,000 tons of plastic, research found last month．Most of it is made up of “ghost gear”—parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and rope s —often from illegal fishing vessel s．Ghost gear kills more than 100,000 whales, dolphins and seals each year, according to scientific surveys．Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic．Creatures eat plastic discarded in the sea thinking it’s food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly．Others are trap ped and die of starvation or are strangle d or suffocate d by ghost gear．5．What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean?A．Waste．B．Ocean．C．System．D．Machine．6．Which one makes up most of the garbage in Pacific from the passage?A．Fishing vessels． B．Dolphins and seals．C．Giant tubes．D．Abandoned fishing gear．7．Why do some creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die of starvation?A．Because they are killed by ghost gear．B．Because they are suffocated by ghost gear．C．Because they don’t like eating plastic．D．Because they are not feeding properly．8．What is the main idea of the passage?A．A report about the death of marine life．B．News about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic．C．Information about ocean plastic．D．The reason for inventing a machine．CBilbao is Spain’s fourth largest city: a former shipbuilding community that faces out onto the Bay of Biscay. In the 1980s, the Basque regional government began a redevelopment programme for the city. They invited the best and the brightest in the international architectural world to design a new subway system, a new airport terminal, a new congress and music hall, and a new railway station. But, in order to raise the city’s growing global reputation (声誉), they wanted an art museum.In 1991 Basque officials approach ed the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in New York and met Thomas Krens, the fourth director in the museum’s sixyear history. Krens wanted to build a European base for the Guggenheim and with this idea in mind, he came to Bilbao.But there was a problem. Krens could see at once that the site chosen by the city council for its new art museum, a former winebottling warehouse (仓库) in the center of town, was a nonstarter. Krens had two models in his head —the Pompidou Center and the Sydney Opera House. Both buildings needed a very large amount of space, and Bilbao, an over-crowded riverside city, did not seem to have the space.Then, by chance, Krens found the perfect site. As an athletic man, he went out running one April evening in 1991. His route took him past the Jesuit University overlooking the River Nervion, and it was here that he noticed, at one of the many curve s of the river, a semiderelict (半遗弃的) waterfront zone which was perfect for what he wanted to achieve. The site was accepted within a week, and Californian architect, Frank Gehry, was chosen to realize the project.Gehry says now, with laughter, “What is it? A dirty river and lots of rundown buildings.” Yet he reveled in the disorder and dirt of the post-industrial environment, and was determined not to change anything about the waterfront site.The Bilbao Guggenheim dominates (高耸于) the city at every turn. It is a modern art museum like no other, and a building that must rank as one of the eight wonders of the modern world. It’s well worth a visit and there aresome interesting works of art inside too.9．What happened to Bilbao in the 1980s?A．It became the center of modern art.B．It was given a completely new look.C．It gradually lost its global reputation.D．It redeveloped its shipbuilding industry.10．Why did Krens refuse the site chosen by the city council for the new art museum?A．It was not large enough.B．It was too close to the river.C．It was in a terribly dirty state.D．It was far from the city center.11．Where is the Bilbao Guggenheim located now?A．In the center of Bilbao.B．Near the Bay of Biscay.C．Beside the River Nervion.D．Inside the Jesuit University.12．What does the underlined part “reveled in”in Paragraph 5 mean?A．Feared. B．Enjoyed.C．Disliked. D．Learned.答案：A语篇解读：这是一篇说明文，讲述了V ocaliD公司创建了“人类声音银行”(Human Voicebank)，旨在利用志愿者的声音和高科技帮助语言障碍者拥有自己独特的声音。
2021高考英语必考点妙解专题猜测词义(含答案及解析)
高考英语必考点妙解专题：猜测词义本类考题解答锦囊英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。
即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中也难免会遇到生词。
如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。
据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。
因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。
任何一个买词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。
NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。
但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。
此类题的提问形式一般有：1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "?2. The underlined word, means_______.3. The underlined phrase, means_______.4. Theun derlined sentence,means_______.利用上下文的提示猜测词义的方法有如下几种：1.根据定义或解释猜测词义【例题】(1)A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.根据定义, calendar 的意思是日历.。
(2)A biography is the story of a person's life written by someone else 根据定义，biography 的意思是凡别人写的生平叫做传记。
(3)Some writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USA--money, Success or expensive things to buy.2.破折号后而的内容是对 value 一词的具体解释。
2021届 高考英语阅读解题专项之词义猜测题(十)含答案
2021高考英语阅读解题专项之词义猜测题（十）一：知识讲解1.题型特点这类题型旨在考查学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。
利用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本技巧之一,也是我们学习词汇的主要方法。
在阅读过程中,有些同学一遇到生僻词语就求助词典,这是不可取的。
一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使我们养成依赖词典的习惯,而且还会影响阅读速度。
我们阅读汉语文章时遇到不认识的词语是否都查词典呢?答案是否定的。
可是我们如何理解它们呢?利用上下文提示猜测词义就是诀窍。
词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中推断某一多义词的正确意思;生词释义要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义;难句释义要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。
2：设问方式1.According to the passage, the word “...” probably means.2.The underlined word “...” means.3.What does the word “...” mean in the second paragraph?4.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined part?5.As used in the passage, the phrase “...” suggests.3：解题技巧(1)通过因果关系猜测词义通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词。
有时文章会借助关联词(如because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore等)来猜测词义。
例You shouldn’t have blamed him for that,for it wasn’t his fault.解析通过for连接的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。
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2021届高考英语词义猜测题题型分类与练习1．词义猜测题——多措并举猜词义此类试题主要考查在特定语境中对生词或熟词生义的猜测能力。
做此类试题通常采用同义解释法，因果推断法、前后对比法、定义释例法、基本构词法和语境理解法。
总之，对于任何词汇的猜测都要基于对特定的语境理解和对主题的恰当把握。
(1)利用构词法猜词阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，考生可以根据构词法猜测词义。
例题：In recent centuries，trade，industrialisation，the development of the nation－state and the spread of universal compulsory education，especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.根据构词法知识可知，－zation为动词构成名词的后缀，意为“……化”，因此，可猜测industrialization为“工业化”之意，而globalization的含义为_全球化__。
(2)利用同义近义词猜词在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。
表示同义近义的信号词/词组常见的有：and，or，similarly，likewise 等。
例题：By translating the rich and humorous text of Lo v e's Labour's Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare's comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.根据上文“By translating the rich and humourous text of Love's Labour's Lost into the physical language of BSL”中的translating可知，interpretation与translating同义，意为：_翻译__。
(3)利用反义词猜词有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。
表示对比或反义的信号词/词组常见的有：(whether)．..or，unlike，but，yet，however，while，although，nevertheless，instead，rather than，in contrast，on the contrary，on the other hand等。
例题If you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored，you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on track.根据上文语境，upbeat应与上文中的“tired of”意义相反，可猜测为_快乐的；乐观的__。
(4)利用逻辑关系猜词任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。
考生可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义。
常见的上下文之间的关系有：因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、递进关系、解释关系等。
典例：Lighting matters，too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness，they couldn't tell how much they'd had：those given extra－large shares ate more than everyone else，but were none_the_wiser—they didn't feel fuller，and they were just as ready for dessert.The underlined phrase“none the wiser” in Paragraph 3 mo st probably implies that the customers were _________.A．not aware of eating more than usualB．not willing to share food with othersC．not conscious of the food qualityD．not fond of the food provided根据画线部分的前句they couldn't tell how much they'd had：those given extra－large shares ate more than everyone else，可知，在黑暗中，他们说不清自己吃了多少，再根据画线后的句子they didn't feel fuller，and they were just as ready for dessert.可知，他们虽然吃得很多，但并没有感觉更饱，仍然在等着吃甜点，所以他们没有意识到自己吃多了，前后句之间是解释关系，故选_A__。
(5)利用定义和解释猜词有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，考生可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。
释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
下定义时，作者通常使用信号词，如i.e.，is，are，is/are，called，mean，refer to，known as，that is，namely等等。
典例1Wrestling is the game which is played by two strong people；one player tried to get the other down on the floor.通过后面的定义解释：Wrestling是“两人进行的，彼此尽力把对方弄倒在地的比赛”，可以猜出wrestling的含义是_摔跤__。
典例2：For Canaan Elementary's second grade in Patchogue，N.Y.，today is speech day，and right now it's Chris Palaez's turn.The 8－year－old is the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes，he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he's nervous.“I'm here to tell you today why you should...should...” Chris trips on the “－ld，” a pronunciation difficulty for many non－native English speakers.His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispering support.“...V ote for...me...”Except for some stumbles，Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.What does the underlined word “stumbles” in par agraph 2 refer to?A．Improper pauses.B．Bad manners.C．Spelling mistakes. D．Silly jokes.根据第二段中的“you should...should...”以及“...V ote for...me...”这样的语句特点可知，Chris的演讲不流畅，也就是说有不适当的停顿。
这是他表现不好的地方，与画线词后的句意“他完成得非常好”构成转折关系，与短语except for的语意相呼应。
注意：高考阅读中的熟词生义现象非常关键，例如，如果能够注意到第二段第三句中trips一词在此语境中的特殊意义(意为“绊倒”)则有助于快速解答此题。
故选_A__。
(6)利用例证猜词为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助考生猜测生词。
举例时，常常会用一些连接性的词，如such as，like，for example，for instance等。
典例：In recent centuries，trade，industrialisation，the development of the nation－state and the spread of universal compulsory education，especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?A．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.根据dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。