山东省淄博市六中2022-2021学年高一上学期学分认定(期中)考试化学试题 Word版含答案
山东省菏泽市2021-2022学年高一上学期期中考试物理试题(B) Word版含答案
一、选择题（本题共10个小题，每题4分，其中1-6小题每题的四个选项中只有—个是正确的；7-10小题的四个选项中有多个选项正确，全部选对的得4分，不全的得2分，错选、多选均不得分）1 、下列各组物理量中，全部是矢量的是A、位移、加速度、力B、路程、时间、平均速度C、力、加速度、速率D、速度、力、温度2.关于物体运动的加速度和速度关系，下列说法正确的是A.物体运动的越快，加速度越大B.物体速度变化越大，加速度越大C.物体的速度变化越快，加速度越犬D.物体加速度增加时，速度也肯定增大3.关于力，下列说法正确的是A.只有静止的物体才受静摩擦力的作用B.桌面对杯子的支持力属于弹力，是由于杯子的底部发生形变产生的C.重力的方向始终垂直于接触面对下D.—个力的产生肯定既需要施力物体又需要受力物体。
4.两质点A、B从同一地点开头运动，x-t图象如图所示，则下列说法正确的是A.A做直线运动，B做曲线运动B.两质点在4s末速度相等C.两质点在前8s的路程相等D.两质点在前8s的位移大小相等5.—小球在斜面上从静止开头匀加速滚下，进入水平面后又做匀减速直线运动，直至停止。
在下图所示的v—t图象哪个可以反映小球的整个运动过程(v 为小球运动的速率）6.—物体以v0 =16 m/s的初速度冲上一足够长光滑斜面，加速度大小为8 m/s2，到达最高点之后，物体A.第3 s末速度大小为8m/sB.第3 s末到达最高点C.第2s内位移大小是16mD.在第1s内的位移是第2s内位移的4倍7.下列说法正确的是：A.争辩体操运动员在做单臂大回环的动作时，运动员可以看成质点B.研宄“婦娥三号”的奔月路线时，“綿娥三号”可以看成质点C.争辩地球的自转时，可以把地球看成质点D.选万吨货轮为研宄对象，确定它在航行过程中某时刻的位置，万吨货轮可以看成质点8.对于正在乘坐索道缆车观光的某游客来说，以下说法正确的是A.以自己为参考系，看到对面的山迎面走来B.以对面的山为参考系，自己静止不动C.以自己为参考系，看到同一缆车里的人向对面的山运动D.以所乘坐的缆车为参考系，看到两边的青山绿树向身后走去9.甲、乙两物体的质量分别为m甲、m乙，m甲=2m乙，两物体离地面的高度分别为h、2h；现将两物体在空中同时自由释放，若不计空气阻力。
2021-2022学年山东省青岛市高一(上)期末化学试卷(附答案详解)
2021-2022学年山东省青岛市高一（上）期末化学试卷一、单选题（本大题共20小题，共60.0分）1.化学与生产生活联系繁密，下列说法错误的是()A. 食品包装袋内常放置铁粉作抗氧化剂B. 氯碱工业与侯氏制碱中的“碱”均为烧碱C. 氯化钙因溶解放热可用于制作自加热罐头D. 铵态氮肥不能与碱性物质草木灰混合施用2.某同学误用氯气消毒的自来水配制下列溶液：①Na2S②KI③FeCl3④FeSO4⑤AgNO3⑥稀盐酸，可能导致溶液变质的有()A. 4种B. 3种C. 2种D. 1种3.关于物质的性质和用途，下列说法错误的是()A. N2化学性质量定，常用作保护气B. 明矾净水与血液透析均与胶体性质有关C. NaClO与NaCl在水的作用下都能电离出Cl−D. 小苏打受热或遇酸能产生二氧化碳，可用作膨松剂4.设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列说法正确的是()A. 22.4L甲烷(CH4)所含的电子数为10N AB. 14gN2和CO混合气体中所含有原子数为N AC. 1mol铁溶于过量稀硝酸，转移电子数为2N AD. 100mL0.5mol⋅L−1NaHCO3溶液中阴阳离子总数为0.15N A5.下列各组离子能在水溶液中大量共存的是()A. HCO3−、K+、OH−、NO3−B. K+、I−、Fe3+、Cl−C. Ca2+、H+、NO3−、CO32−D. NH4+、Mg2+、SO42−、Cl−6.有关实验室安全，下列说法错误的是()A. 实验剩余的钠不能放回原瓶，应丢到垃圾桶中B. 汞不小心洒落到地面上，应立即撒上硫粉，并打开排气扇C. 浓硫酸的装运包装箱应贴上如图标识D. 酸性高锰酸钾浓溶液沾到皮肤上，应立即用大量清水冲洗7.下列关于硫及其化合物的说法错误的是()A. 自然界中的硫存在多种同素异形体B. 硫与金属反应表现了硫的氧化性C. 利用二氧化硫的还原性可漂白纸浆D. 二氧化硫可用作食品添加剂8.实验室配制250mL0.2mol⋅L−1的Na2CO3溶液，下列说法错误的是()A. 用托盘天平称取Na2CO3固体5.3gB. 将Na2CO3固体置于烧杯中溶解，冷却至室温后转移到容量瓶中C. 未洗涤烧杯和玻璃棒，会导致所配溶液法度偏低D. 定容摇匀后发现液面低于刻度线，应再滴加蒸馏水至刻度线9.关于氧化还原反应的说法正确的是()A. 置换反应一定属于氧化还原反应B. 具有氧化性的物质在化学反应中一定做氧化剂C. 一种物质被氧化一定有另一种物质被还原D. 氧化还原反应的实质是化合价发生变化10.下列有关铁元素及其化合物的描述中错误的是()A. 铁元素在自然界中既有游离态又有化合态B. 氧化亚铁与三氧化二铁都属于碱性氧化物C. 硫酸亚铁可用于生产防治缺快性贫血的药剂D. 铁与少量氯气或足量盐酸反应都可生成FeCl211.下列离子方程式正确的是()A. 氢氧化钡溶液与稀硫酸反应：H++OH−=H2OB. 铁与稀硫酸反应：2Fe+6H+=2Fe3++3H2↑C. 碳酸钙与稀盐酸反应：CaCO3+2H+=Ca2++H2O+CO2↑D. 过氧化钠与足量水反应：Na2O2+H2O=2Na++2OH−+O2↑12.“食盐的精制”实验中，离子分离或除杂的基本思路和方法如图，下列说法错误的是()A. ①②③分别为Na2CO3溶液、NaOH溶液、BaCl2溶液B. 试剂添加顺序为②③①或③②①C. 实验操作中玻璃棒作用均为引流D. 向上层清液中继续滴加试剂②，无沉淀生成，则Mg2+沉淀完全13.氨基钠(NaNH2)是一种化工原料，实验室可用氨气和钠反应制得，某化学实验小组用如图装置制备氨基钠(部分夹持仪器已略去)。
甘肃省天水市第一中学2021-2022学年高一上学期第二学段考试化学试题 (Word版含答案)
天水一中高一级2021—2022学年度第一学期第二阶段考试化学试题（满分：100分时间：90分钟）可能用到的相对分子质量：H:1 C:12 N:14 O:16 S:32 Fe:56 Cu:64一．选择题（本题包括18小题，每小题3分，共54分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1.下列成语或谚语中蕴含着一定的化学知识或原理，下列有关说法错误的是( )A.百炼成钢——通过反复锤炼，除去铁中部分杂质，使其转化为钢B.水滴石穿——CO2＋H2O＋CaCO3=Ca(HCO3)2(以大理石为例)C.恨铁不成钢——钢的性能远优于铁D.真金不怕火炼——单质金的熔点很高2.分类是科学研究的重要方法，下列物质分类不正确的是( )A.化合物:干冰、冰水混合物、烧碱B.同素异形体:石墨、C60、金刚石C.非电解质:乙醇、四氯化碳、氯气D.混合物:漂白粉、矿泉水、盐酸3.在碱性溶液中能大量共存且溶液为无色透明的离子组是( )A．K＋、MnO4-、Na＋、Cl－B．K＋、Na＋、NO3-、CO32-C．Na＋、Mg2+、NO3-、SO42-D．Fe3＋、Na＋、Cl－、SO42-4.下列实验过程中的颜色变化,与氧化还原反应无关的是( )A.淡黄色Na202固体露置于空气中,逐变成白色B.用强光照射氯水,一段时间后溶液变成无色C.充有H₂的“喜羊羊”娃娃遇明火发生爆炸D.向 FeCl3溶液中滴加 NaOH 溶液,产生红褐色沉淀5.某溶液中含有较大量的Cl-、CO32-、 OH-三种阴离子，如果只取一次该溶液就能够分别将三种阴离子依次检验出来，下列实验操作顺序正确的是（）①滴加足量的Mg(NO3)2溶液；②过滤；③滴加适量的AgNO3溶液；④滴加足量的Ba(NO3)2溶液A．①②④②③ B．④②①②③ C．①②③②④ D．④②③②①6.设N A代表阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列说法正确的是（）A．4.48LN2含有的原子数为0.4N AB．标准状况下，22.4 L以任意比例混合的氮气和氧气所含的原子数为2N AC．1molHCl气体溶于水，该盐酸中含N A个氯化氢分子D．1 mol NaHCO3固体中的离子总数为3N A7．已知反应：Co2O3+HCl(浓)→CoCl2+Cl2↑+H2O。
2021-2022学年山东省济宁市兖州区高一上学期期中考试化学试题(解析版)
山东省济宁市兖州区2021-2022学年高一上学期期中考试化学试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题1．成语、诗词话科学——对下列所描述现象的解释，你认为错误的是A．A B．B C．C D．D【答案】C【详解】A. 因为分子不断运动，才能在远处闻到香味，故出现风吹柳花满店香的现象，A正确；B. 金的性质稳定，在高温下也不会和它接触的物质发生反应，因此才出现烈火见真金的现象，B正确；C. 石灰石在高温下发生分解生成氧化钙和二氧化碳，是化学变化过程，C不正确；D. 在锻炼过程中，高温下碳转变成碳的氧化物而除去，故通过反复锤炼，减少铁合金中碳元素的质量分数，D正确；答案选C。
2．判断下列有关化学基本概念的依据正确的是A．溶液与胶体：属于不同分散系的本质原因是能否发生丁达尔效应B．氧化还原反应：元素化合价是否变化C．纯净物与混合物：是否仅含有一种元素D．电解质与非电解质：物质本身的导电性【答案】B【详解】A．胶体区别与其他分散系本质特征：分散质粒度，胶体分散质粒度介于1-100nm，故A错误；B ．氧化还原反应判断依据：是否有化合价变化，有化合价变化的一定是氧化还原反应，故B 正确；C ．纯净物与混合物本质区别是否只含一种物质，只含一种元素的不一定是纯净物，如氧气与臭氧，故C 错误；D ．电解质：在水溶液中或熔融状态下能导电的化合物；非电解质：在水溶液中和熔融状态下均不能导电的化合物。
根据定义可以看出，电解质、非电解质的判断并不是看物质本身是否导电，而是看在在水溶液中或熔融状态下是否能导电，故D 错误； 故选：B 。
3．化学与生活密切相关，下列物质与其用途不符合的是A ．纯碱——治疗胃酸过多B ．次氯酸钠——消毒剂C ．过氧化钠——供氧剂D ．小苏打——制作馒头和面包的膨松剂 【答案】A【详解】A ．纯碱为碳酸钠，碳酸钠对人有强烈的刺激性，不能用于治疗胃酸过多，应该使用小苏打治疗胃酸过多，A 与题意相符；B ．次氯酸钠中的Cl 原子为+1价，易得电子生成-1价，具有强氧化性，能杀菌消毒，可作消毒剂，B 与题意不符；C ．过氧化钠能够与水、二氧化碳反应产生氧气，因此可作供氧剂，C 与题意不符；D ．小苏打为碳酸氢钠，受热易分解，生成二氧化碳气体，可制作馒头和面包的膨松剂，D 与题意不符； 答案为A 。
山东省淄博市六中2021-2022学年高二上学期第17周周末自主学习材料英语试题 Word版含答案
2022级高二英语自主学习材料文理通用第17周命题人：冯祚新任教班级：25班审核人：隽丕东任教班级： 7、8班姓名：班级：第一部分：阅读理解（共2节，满分70分）第一节(共30小题;每小题2分，满分60分)AProfessor Martin’s report says that children who attend a number of different schools, because their parents have to move around the country, probably make slow progress in their studies. There are also signs, says Professor Martin, that an unusually large number of such children are mentally affected.The Profes sor says, “It’s true, my personal feeling is that children should stay in one school. However, our findings are based on research and not on any personal feelings that I or my assistants may have on the subject.”Captain Thomas James, an Army lecturer for the past 20 years and himself a father of 2 children, said, “I’ve never heard such rubbish. Taking me for example, no harm is done to the education of my children who change school regularly---if they keep to the same system. In my experience----and I’ve known quite a few of them---- Army children are as well-adjusted(调整) as any others, if not more so. What the professor doesn’t appear to notice is the fact that in such situations children will adapt much better than grown-ups.”When this was put to Professor Martin, he said that at no time had his team suggested that all such children were mentally affected in some way, but simply that in their experience there was a clear tendency (倾向). “Our finding shows that while the very bright child can deal with regular change without harming his or her general progress in studies, the majority of children suffer from constantly having to enter a new learning situation.”1. Professor Martin’s report suggests that _______.A. it may not be good for children to change schools oftenB. parents should not move oftenC. more and more children are mentally affectedD. children will make rapid progress if they stay in one school.2. According to the passage, Professor Martin’s personal feeling____ .A. is the opposite of what his report has shownB. is in a way supported by his researchC. has played a big part in his researchD. is based on his own experience as a child3. From the passage, we can conclude that Captain Thomas’ children____.A. have been affected by changing schoolsB. have not been affected by changing schoolsC. like every army school they have been inD. are the brightest among the children who often change school4. According to Professor Martin, ____ suffer from changing schools regularly.A. non-army childrenB. bright childrenC. the majority of childrenD. few children5. Captain Thomas believes _____A. army children are generally better—adjusted than any othersB. army children are usually less experienced than any othersC. children can adapt more easily and quickly than grown-upsD. children can adapt as easily and quickly as grown-upsBDuring the 20th century there has been a great change in the lives of women. A woman marrying at the end of the 19th century probably have been in her middle 20’s and would be likely to have seven or eight children. By the time the youngest was 15, the mot her would have been in her early 50’s and would expect to live a further 20 years, during which chance and health made it hard for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children.Usually a woman’s youngest child will be 15 when sh e is 45 and she can be expected to live another 35years and is likely to get paid work until 60.This important change in women’s life has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school and took a fulltime job. However, when they married they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is 16, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more return to work later. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties of family life.6. We learn from this passage that in the 19th century_____ .A. there were more children in the world than there are todayB. women spent a greater part of their lives raising children than they do todayC. there were more women in poor health than there are todayD. women married younger than they do today7. One reason why a married woman of today may take a job is that ____.A. she is usually younger when her children are old enough to look after themselvesB. she is obliged to help her husband support the familyC. she feels lonely at home when her children grow upD. she hopes to change the world a bit by doing up8. Many girls are now likely to ____.A. give up their jobs after they get marriedB. leave school as soon as they canC. marry early so that they can get better jobsD. continue working until they are going to have a baby9. According to the passage, it is now quite usual for women to ____ .A. stay at home after leaving schoolB. find jobs when they reach the age of 16C. start working again later in lifeD. marry and have children while still at school10. Now a husband probably ____ .A. plays a greater part in looking after the childrenB. does almost all of the houseworkC. feels unhappy about his wife’s going out to workD. takes a part-time job so as to help at homeCIn 1896, Einstein went to Zurich to study physics. There he met a girl from Hungary. They studied in the same class and the same interest in physics brought them together and they became good friends. Before long they fell in love. In 1903 when Einstein was 24, he married Marits, who was 4 years older than he.After their marriage, Einstein devoted himself to the research of the great theory. To give her husband more help, Marits gave up her own work, and became a good wife and assistant. She tried her best to encourage him whenever possible. She was sure that her husband would succeed. They often discussed the theory while walking outside or sitting together in the room. They even did that in their letters when one of them was away from their home.In1914, Einstein moved to Berlin and settled down there. At that time his theory proved to be correct and he had become famous all over the world. But it was not long before the First Would War broke out. Marits as well as her two sons, who was on holiday in Switzerland, couldn’t come back to Berlin any more. The war not only stopped Einstein’s work but also broke up the warm, happy family. In 1919, Einstein and Marits had to get divorced(离婚).11. Form this passage we can see that Marits was born in _____.A.1896B. 1879C. 1883D.187512. We can learn from the passage that Marits ______.A. greatly helped Einstein with his research workB. supported Einstein but helped him littleC. was also a great scientistD. was the real discoverer of the theory13. The last paragraph mainly tells us _____.A. why Einstein and Marits got divorcedB. why Einstein moved to BerlinC. how Einstein became famous all over the worldD. when the First World War broke out14. Why did Einstein and Marits get divorced?A. Because Marits didn’t love Einstein after the war broke out.B. Because the war stopped Marits from coming back to Berlin.C. Because Einstein only cared about his research.D. Because Einstein was famous all over the world.15. The writer wanted to tell us that _____.A. Marits should be respected as greatly as her husbandB. Einstein suffered a great deal in his lifeC. The bitter (苦难的) suffering was the mother of successD. We should remember Marits when talking about Einstein’ theoryDAfter giving a talk at a high school, I was asked to pay a visit to a special student. An illness had kept the boy home, but he had expressed an interest in meeting me, and it would mean a great deal to him. I agreed.During the nine-mile drive to his home, I found out something about Matthew. He had muscular dystrophy（肌肉萎缩症）. When he was born, the doctor told his parents that he would not live to see five, and then they were told he would not make it to ten. Now he was thirteen. He wanted to meet me because I was a gold-medal power lifter, and I knew about overcoming obstacles (障碍) and going for my dreams.I spent over an hour talking to Matthew. Never once did he complain or ask, “Why me?” He spoke about winning and succeeding and going for his dreams. Obviously, he knew what he was talking about. He didn’t mention that his classmates had made fun of him because he was different. He just talked about his hopes for the future, and how one day he wanted to lift weight with me.When we finished talking, I went to my briefcase and pulled out the first gold medal I won and put it around his neck. I told him he was more of a winner and knew more about success and overcoming obstacles than I ever would. He looked at it for a moment, then took it off and handed it back to me. He said, “You are a champion. You earned that medal. Someday when I get to the Olympics and win my own medal, I will show it to you.”Last summer I received a letter from Matthew’s parents telling me that Matthew had passed away. They wanted me to have a letter he had written to me a few days before:Dear Rick,My mom said I should send you a thank-you letter for the picture you sent me. I also want to let you know that th e doctors tell me that I don’t have long to live anymore. But I still smile as much as I can. I told you someday I was going to the Olympics and win a gold medal. But I know now I will never get to do that. But I know I’m a champion, and God knows that too. When I get to Heaven, God will give me my medal and when you get there, I will show it to you. Thank you for loving me.Your friend,Mathew16. The boy wanted to meet the author because ______.A. he was interested in what the author was doingB. he wanted to get a gold medal himselfC. he admired the author very muchD. he wanted the author to know him too17. The underlined part in the third paragraph probably means “______”.A. Why do you come to see me?B. Why do I have to stay at home?C. Why does the disease fall on me?D. Why not give a gold medal to me?18. We can infer from the passage that ______.A. Matthew was a determined boy and considered himself as normalB. Rick used to have the same disease and later became a power lifterC. Matthew was to become a champion before he diedD. After meeting Matthew, Rick regarded him as normal19. The boy refused the author’s medal because ______.A. he wanted the picture insteadB. he would not be pitied by othersC. he did not know he would die soonD. he himself could earn one in the future20. The author wrote the passage with the purpose of ______.A. describing his unusual friendship with a disabled childB. showing his admiration towards the disabled childC. telling an experience of meeting a disabled childD. expressing his pity to all the disabled childrenENo one knows why we sleep, but it's certain that we need to. People who are prevented from sleeping begin to suffer obvious effects after a few days--they think less clearly, and they fall asleep during the working hours; some may have hallucinations(幻觉).There are no rules about sleep. Generally speaking, grown-ups sleep about 7 and a half hours each night and probably more than 60 percent get between seven and eight hours. But perhaps eight per cent are quite happy with 5 hours or less, and 4 per cent or so find that they want ten hours or more. If you feel all right, you're probably getting enough sleep. The important thing is not to worry how much other people get.Their needs may be different. Exercise doesn't seem to increase the need for sleep--office workers, for example, sleep for about as long as people doing physically active work.Children sleep more than grown-ups--perhaps 14 to 18 hours soon after birth, going down to grown-up levels by early teen-age. Sleep patterns also tend(倾向) to be different in the elderly, who may sleepless at night than they did when younger, find sleep getting more broken, and often make it a rule to sleep during the daytime.21. According to the passage, some people are unable to think clearly because ________.A. they have hallucinationsB. they feel sleepy during the working hoursC. they don't have enough sleepD. they are certain to be kept from going to bed22. Which of the following is true?A. All grown-ups must have at least eight-hour sleep.B. Most of grown-ups sleep for seven or eight hours.C. Quite a few people need only 5 hours or less for them to sleep.D. No grown-ups sleep more than ten hours.23. Whether you have got enough sleep is judged by ________.A. how many hours you have sleptB. how many hours you need to sleepC. whether you do exercise and physical workD. whether you feel fresh and energetic24. According to the passage, a boy of 14 years old sleeps ________.A. as long hours as a grown-upB. much longer hours than a grown-upC. for 14 hours each nightD. for less than 8 hours per night25. Who finds they sleep less during the night and must take a nap during the day?A. ChildrenB. Grown-upsC. Young peopleD. Old peopleFBill Javis took over our village news-agency at a time of life when most of us only want to relax. He just thought he would like something but not too much to do, and the news-agency was ready-made. The business produced little enough for him, but Bill was a man who only wanted the simplicity and order and regularity of the job. He had been a long-serving sailor, and all his life had done everything by the clock.Every day he opened his shop at six a. m. to catch the early trade; the papers arrived on his door-step before that. Many of Bill’s customers were city workers, and the shop was convenient for the station. Business was tailing off by 10 o’clock, so at eleven sharp Bill closed for lunch. It was hard luck on anybody who wanted a paper or magazine in the afternoon, for most likely Bill would be down on the river bank, fishing, and his nearest competitor was five kilometers away. Sometime in the afternoon, the evening paper landed on the doormat, and at 4 o’clock Bill reopened. The evening rush lasted t ill seven, and it was worthwhile.He lived in a flat above the shop, alone. Except in the very bad weather, you always knew where to find him in the afternoon, as I have said. Once, on a sunny afternoon, I walked home along the river bank from a shopping trip to the village. By my watch it was three minutes past four, so I was astonished to see Bill sitting there on his little chair with a line in the water. He had had no luck, I could see, but he was making no effort to move.“What’s wrong, Bill?” I call ed out from the path.For answer, he put a hand in his jacket and took out a big, golden object. For a moment I had no idea what it could be, and then it suddenly went off with a noise like a fire engine. Stopping the bell, Bill held the thing up and call ed back, “Ten to four, you see, and this is dead right.”I had never known anyone carrying a brass alarm clock round with him before.26. Bill Javis became a news-agent when ______.A. he needed the moneyB. he decided to take things easyC. he was quite an old manD. he gave up clock-repairing27. Bill opened the shop so early in the day because ______.A. he liked to do as much as possible before he went to workB. the shop had to be open when the morning papers cameC. he was never sure of the timeD. it was then that he did a lot of business28. You might say “Hard luck” to someone who ______.A. has just heard some very good newsB. is less fortunate than he or she ought to beC. puts great effort into whatever he or she triesD. fails through his or her own fault entirely29. On that sunny afternoon, the writer was surprised when he saw Bill because ______.A. he thought it was late for Bill to be still fishingB. he thought Bill was ill, since he was not moving at allC. Bill had not caught anything, and that seemed strangeD. Bill stayed in his flat30. From the information given in the passage, who or what do you think was wrong?A. The bell was; it must have gone off at the wrong time.B. Bill was; he had dropped off to sleep.C. The writer’s watch was fast.D. Bill’s clock was wrong; it was very old.其次节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市实验中学2021-2022学年高一上学期期中考试化学试题 Word版含答案
齐齐哈尔市试验中学2021-2022学年度上学期期中考试高一化学试题可能用到的相对原子质量：H：1 O：16 S:32 Cl：35.5 Ba：137一、选择题（本题包括20小题，每小题3分，共60分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
）1．进行化学试验必需留意平安，下列说法不正确的是（）A．为防止试管裂开，加热固体时试管口一般要略高于试管底B．不慎将浓碱溶液沾到皮肤上，要马上用大量水冲洗，然后涂上硼酸溶液C．不慎将酸溅到眼中，应马上用水冲洗，边洗边刺眼睛D．酒精着火时用湿抹布盖灭2．下列对化学概念推断的依据正确的是（）A．溶液与胶体：不同的本质缘由是否发生丁达尔效应B．纯洁物与混合物：是否仅含有一种元素C．氧化还原反应：元素化合价是否变化D．电解质与非电解质：物质本身的导电性3．下列对阿伏加德罗定律及推论的理解不正确的是（）A．同温同压下，气体的体积之比等于它们的物质的量之比B．同温同压下，气体的体积之比等于它们的质量之比C．同温同压下，相同体积的气体质量比等于它们的相对分子质量之比D．同温等容下，气体的压强之比等于它们的物质的量之比4．下列反应中，离子方程式书写正确的是（）A．过量CO2与澄清石灰水反应：Ca2++2OH﹣+CO2═CaCO3↓+H2OB．向KHSO4溶液中加入Ba(OH)2溶液至所得溶液的pH=7Ba2++OH－+H++SO42－=BaSO4↓+H2OC 向Ca(HCO3)2溶液中滴入过量的NaOH溶液Ca2++2 HCO3－+2OH－=CaCO3↓+CO32－+2H2OD 硫酸铜溶液跟氢氧化钡溶液反应：Ba2＋＋SO42－＝BaSO4↓5．试验室加热氯酸钾与MnO2的混合物制氧气，从剩余物中回收二氧化锰的操作挨次正确的是（）A．溶解、过滤、蒸发、洗涤B．溶解、过滤、洗涤、干燥C．溶解、蒸发、洗涤、过滤D．溶解、洗涤、过滤、干燥6.在反应2KMnO 4K2MnO4+MnO2+O2↑中，还原产物是（）①KMnO4 ②K2MnO4③MnO2 ④O2A.①和②B. ②和③C.只有④D.只有③7．对于相同质量的二氧化硫和三氧化硫，下列说法中正确的是（）A．含氧原子的个数比为2：3 B．含硫原子的个数比为1：1C．含氧元素的质量比为6：5 D．含硫元素的质量比为5：48．对于某些离子的检验及结论正确的是（）A．加入稀盐酸产生无色气体，将气体通入足量澄清石灰水中，溶液变浑浊，肯定有CO32﹣B．加入氯化钡溶液有白色沉淀产生，再加盐酸，沉淀不消逝，肯定有SO42¯C．加入盐酸无现象，再加氯化钡溶液有白色沉淀生成，原溶液肯定有硫酸根离子D．加入碳酸钠溶液产生白色沉淀，再加盐酸白色沉淀消逝，肯定有Ba2+9．已知：2FeCl3＋2KI===2FeCl2＋2KCl＋I2，2FeCl2＋Cl2===2FeCl3，2KMnO4＋16HCl===2KCl＋2MnCl2＋5Cl2↑＋8H2O。
山东省临沂市某重点中学2022-2021学年高二上学期期中考试化学试题 Word版含答案
高二化学试题2022.11说明：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至4页，第Ⅱ卷5至8页。
考试时间为100分钟，满分100分。
2．答题前请将答题卡上有关项目填、涂清楚。
将第Ⅰ卷题目的答案用2B铅笔涂在答题卡上，第Ⅱ卷题目的答案用0.5毫米黑色签字笔写在答题卡的相应位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 O 16 S 32 Ca 40 Zn 65第I卷（选择题共48分）选择题（本题包括16小题，每小题3分，共48分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．将来新能源的特点是资源丰富，在使用时对环境无污染或污染很小，且可以再生。
下列符合将来新能源标准的是①自然气②煤③氢能④石油⑤太阳能⑥生物质能⑦风能A．仅①③⑤⑥B．仅③⑤⑥⑦C．仅⑤⑥⑦D．仅③④⑥⑦2．已知化学反应A2(g)＋B2(g)== 2AB(g)的能量变化如右图所示，则下列叙述中正确的是A．每生成2分子AB吸取b kJ热量B．该反应过程的活化能为b kJ·mol－1C．断裂1 mol A—A和1 mol B—B键，放出a kJ能量D．该反应的反应热ΔH ＝+(a－b) kJ·mol－13. 在0.1 mol·L-1的CH3COOH溶液中，要促进醋酸电离，且c(H+)增大，应实行的措施是A．加入等体积1mol/L的CH3COOH溶液B．上升温度C．加入NaOH溶液D．加入等体积0.1 mol·L-1 HCl4. 镧镍合金在肯定条件下可吸取氢气形成氢化物：LaNi5(s)+3H2(g)LaNi5H6(s) △H＜0，欲使LaNi 5H6(s)释放出气态氢，依据平衡移动原理，可转变的条件是A ．增加LaNi5H6(s)的量B．降低温度C．减小压强D．使用催化剂5. 下列说法正确的是A．BaSO4粉末可用作钡餐，是由于BaSO4为非电解质B．有机物苯、乙醇、蔗糖都属于非电解质C．强电解质溶液的导电力量肯定比弱电解质溶液的导电力量强D．固态共价化合物不导电，熔融态的共价化合物都可以导电6. 依据热化学方程式：S(s)＋O2(g)= SO2(g) ΔH＝a kJ·mol－1(a＝-297.2)，以下说法正确的是A．硫的燃烧热ΔH＝+297.2 kJ·mol－1B．S(g)＋O2(g)===SO2(g)ΔH＝b kJ·mol－1，则a<bC．1 mol SO2(g)所具有的能量高于1 mol S(s)与1 mol O2(g)所具有的能量之和D．16 g固体硫在空气中充分燃烧，可释放148.6 kJ的热量7. 室温下，0.1mol/L氨水10mL，加蒸馏水稀释到1L后，下列变化中正确的是①电离程度增大②减小③c(H+) 增大④导电性增加⑤增大A．仅①②③B．仅①③④C．仅①③⑤D．仅②③④8．肯定质量的苯完全燃烧时放出的热量为Q，它所生成的CO2用过量饱和石灰水完全收，可得300 g CaCO3沉淀，则在此条件下完全燃烧1 mol苯时放出的热量是A．0.5Q B．Q C．2Q D．5Q9．下列说法不正确的是（N A表示阿伏加德罗常数）A．用石灰对煤燃烧后形成的烟气脱硫，并回收石膏符合节能减排的理念B．自发反应也可能是熵减小的反应C．二次电池放电过程中的反应属于自发反应D．若C2H2的燃烧热为1300 kJ·mol－1，在其燃烧过程中每转移5N A个电子会放出1300 kJ的能量10．下列叙述中，不能用平衡移动原理解释的是A．红棕色的NO2气体，加压后颜色先变深后变浅B．高压比常压有利于合成SO3的反应C．氯气在水中溶解度大于饱和食盐水中的溶解度D．由H2、I2蒸气、HI气体组成的平衡体系加压后颜色变深11．在体积都为0.1 L，c(H+)为0.01 mol·L-1的盐酸和醋酸溶液中，各投入0.65 g锌粒，则下图所示比较符合客观事实的是12．下列说法不正确的是A．能够发生化学反应的碰撞是有效碰撞B．增大浓度会加快化学反应速率，其缘由是增加了单位体积内活化分子的数目C．稀溶液中：H+(aq)+OH-(aq)=H2O(l) ΔH= -53.7kJ·mol－1，若将含0.5 molH2SO4的稀硫酸与含0.5molBa(OH)2的溶液混合，放出的热量大于53.7kJD．若化学平衡正向移动，则反应物的转化率会增大，平衡常数也必发生变化13. 在相同温度和压强下，对反应CO2(g)+H2(g) CO(g)+H2O(g)进行甲、乙、丙、丁四组试验，试验起始时放入容器内各组分的物质的量见下表上述四种状况达到平衡后，n(CO)的大小挨次是A．乙=丁＞丙=甲B．乙＞丁＞甲＞丙C．丁＞乙＞丙=甲D．丁＞丙＞乙＞甲14．羰基硫(COS)可作为一种粮食熏蒸剂，能防止某些昆虫、线虫和真菌的危害。
2021-2022学年山东省济南市章丘四中高一(上)期中化学试卷
2021-2022学年山东省济南市章丘四中高一（上）期中化学试卷一、选择题：本题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1．（2分）金属钠在尖端技术、日常生活中有着广泛的应用。
火箭发射后，利用钠的焰色试验现象来确定火箭在空中的位置。
下列对焰色试验的理解正确的是（）A．是元素的性质，是物理变化B．是金属单质的性质，是化学变化C．是金属化合物的性质，是物理变化D．是金属化合物的性质，是化学变化2．（2分）1965年，我国科学工作者在世界上第一次用化学方法合成了具有生物活性的蛋白质，这种蛋白质是（）A．青蒿素B．结晶牛胰岛素C．血红蛋白D．叶绿素3．（2分）实验室中药品的存放必须根据物质的性质采用相应的方法。
下列物质长期放置在空气中，不是因为氧化还原反应而变质的是（）A．铜器B．氯水C．Fe D．Ca（OH）24．（2分）下列有关物质的量的说法正确的是（）A．CO的摩尔质量为28mol•g﹣1B．摩尔是国际单位制中的七个基本物理量之一C．物质的量适用于分子、离子、原子等微观粒子D．10gH2O的摩尔质量比1gH2O的摩尔质量大5．（2分）将下列溶液混合时，不会发生离子反应的是（）A．Na2CO3溶液和稀硫酸B．NaOH溶液和稀盐酸C．K2SO4溶液和NaCl溶液D．AgNO3溶液和KCl溶液6．（2分）观察如图所示的串联装置，下列说法错误的是（）A．稀硫酸中H2SO4发生了电离B．Ba（OH）2的电离方程式为Ba（OH）2＝Ba2++2OH﹣C．若向装有KCl固体的烧杯中加入蒸馏水，灯泡会亮D．由图可知，在通电条件下，电解质在水溶液中才会发生电离7．（2分）下列物质与用途对应错误的是（）A．氢氧化钠可用于治疗胃酸过多B．过氧化钠可作潜水艇供氧剂C．生理盐水可用于清洗伤口D．氯气可作自来水消毒剂8．（2分）下列离子方程式书写正确的是（）A．次氯酸钙溶液敞口放置在空气中：Ca2++2ClO﹣+CO2+H2O＝2HClO+CaCO3↓B．向碳酸镁浊液中加入稀盐酸：CO32﹣+2H+＝CO2↑+H2OC．将铁钉放入稀硫酸中：2Fe+6H+＝2Fe3++3H2↑D．氢氧化钠溶液与过量CO2反应：2OH﹣+CO2＝CO32﹣+H2O9．（2分）下列实验中不能达到实验目的的是（）A．装置为配制一定浓度的溶液时的定容操作B．装置可用于做NaCl的焰色试验实验C．装置可用于验证潮湿氯气与干燥氯气的漂白性D．装置可用于实验室制备Fe（OH）3胶体10．（2分）设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值。
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2022级高一第一学期学分认定考试试题（化学学科）留意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用钢笔或签字笔将自己的班别、姓名、考号填写在答题纸和答题卡的相应位置处。
2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
3．非选择题答案必需写在答题纸相应位置处，不按要求作答的答案无效。
4．考生必需保持答题卡的洁净，考试结束后，将答题卡和答题纸一并收回。
相对原子质量H：1 C：12 O：16 S：32 Na：23 N：14 Fe:56 Zn:65 Cl:35.5第I卷（选择题共54分）一、选择题：（本大题共有18小题，每小题3分，共54分）1．下列有关化学科学的说法中正确的是( )A．化学争辩会造成严峻的环境污染，最终人类会毁灭在化学物质中B．化学争辩的主要目的是生疏分子C．化学家可以制造出自然界中不存在的物质D．化学品在生产制备过程中会产生一些有害物质，应抑制化学进展2．下列说法正确的是（）A．氯化钠的摩尔质量为58.5B．将标准状况下11.2L的HCl溶于1.0L的水中，所得溶液中HCl的浓度为0.5mol/L C．常温常压下，等体积的CO和H2的质量比为1 : 1D．物质的摩尔质量 (以g.mol-1为单位)在数值上等于其相对分子质量或相对原子质量3．若NA表示阿伏加德罗常数的数值，下列说法正确的是（）A．16g氧气和臭氧的混合物中含有的氧原子数为NAB．标准状况下，22.4 L水中含有的氧原子数为NAC．0.5mol·L-1的AlCl3溶液中所含Al3+数目为0.5NAD．0.1 mol 氦气所含有的原子数为0.2NA 4．在三个体积相同的密闭容器中分别充入NH3、CO2、O2三种气体，当它们的温度和密度都相同时，这三种气体的压强（p）从大到小的挨次是( )A．p（NH3）＞p（CO2）＞p（O2）B．p（NH3）＞p（O2）＞p（CO2）C．p（CO2）＞p（O2）＞p（NH3）D．p（CO2）＞p（NH3）＞p（O2）5．下列关于钠的说法中，不．正确．．的是（）A．试验后剩余的钠粒，需要放回原试剂瓶中B．钠长期放置在空气中，最终将变成碳酸钠C．钠的化学性质比较活泼，少量的钠可以保存在与钠不反应的煤油中D．当钠与硫酸铜溶液反应时，有大量红色固体铜消灭6．下列关于钠及其氧化物的叙述中正确的是（）A．钠着火后，可用泡沫灭火器来灭火B．氧化钠和过氧化钠都属于碱性氧化物C．氧化钠和过氧化钠的组成元素相同，都可以与CO2反应且产物相同D．用洁净的玻璃管向包有Na2O2的脱脂棉吹气，脱脂棉燃烧，说明CO2、H2O与Na2O2的反应是放热反应7．下列说法中，不．正确．．的是（）A．胶体与溶液的本质区分是丁达尔效应B．氯化铁溶液可应急止血，利用的是胶体的聚沉C．用一束平行光线射入淀粉溶液里，从侧面可以观看到一条光亮的通路D．将稀硫酸逐滴加入氢氧化铁胶体中，开头时产生沉淀，连续滴加时沉淀又溶解8. 某化学爱好小组在家中进行化学试验，依据图a连接好线路发觉灯泡不亮，依据图b连接好线路发觉灯泡亮，由此得出的结论正确的是（）A．NaCl是非电解质B．NaCl溶液是电解质C．NaCl在在电流作用下电离成Na+ 和Cl－D．NaCl溶液中存在大量可自由移动的离子9．下列反应的离子方程式书写正确的是( )A．稀硫酸与氢氧化钡溶液反应：SO42－ +Ba2++H++OH－═BaSO4↓+ H2OB．稀H2SO4与铁粉反应：2Fe+6H+═2Fe3++3H2↑C．石灰石溶于稀盐酸： CO32－＋2H+═＋CO2↑＋H2OD．氯化铜溶液与铁粉反应：Cu2++Fe═Fe2++Cu 10．下列离子组能大量共存的是（）A. Ba2＋、Na＋、CO32－、 OH－ B. Na+、Cu2+、SO42－、NO3－C. Mg2+、K+、OH－、Cl－D. H+ 、CO32-、NO3－、K+11．对下列试验的评价，正确的是（）A．加入氯化钡溶液有白色沉淀产生，再加盐酸，沉淀不消逝，肯定有SO42－B．某无色溶液中滴入紫色石蕊试液显红色，该溶液肯定是酸溶液，不行能是盐溶液C．加入碳酸钠溶液产生白色沉淀，再加盐酸白色沉淀消逝，肯定有Ba2+D．验证烧碱溶液中是否含有Cl－，先加稍过量的稀硝酸除去OH－，再加入AgNO3溶液，如有白色沉淀，则证明有Cl－12．下列仪器不能用酒精灯直接加热（需要垫石棉网加热）的是①烧杯②坩埚③蒸发皿④试管⑤蒸馏烧瓶⑥锥形瓶⑦燃烧匙A．①⑤B．③⑥⑦ C．①⑤⑥D．⑤⑥⑦13．用固体样品配制肯定物质的量浓度的溶液，需经过称量、溶解、转移溶液、定容等操作。
下列图示对应的操作规范的是（）A．称量 B．溶解 C．转移 D．定容14．在电解食盐水之前，需要提纯食盐水。
为了除去粗盐中的Ca2＋、Mg2＋、SO42－，可将粗盐溶于水，然后进行下列五项操作，正确的操作挨次是 ( )①过滤②加过量的NaOH溶液③加适量的盐酸④加过量的碳酸钠溶液⑤加过量的氯化钡溶液A．①④②⑤③ B．④①②⑤③ C．②⑤④①③ D．⑤②④③①15.下列各组混合物中能用分液漏斗进行分别的是（）A酒精和水 B汽油和植物油 C水和四氯化碳 D碘和四氯化碳16．已知在酸性条件下，下列物质氧化KI时，自身发生如下变化：Cl2→2Cl－；MnO4－→Mn2+； Cr2O72－→Cr3+；HNO3→NO假如分别用等物质的量的这些物质氧化足量的KI，得到I2的量最多的是（）A．Cl2B．MnO4－ C．Cr2O72－ D．HNO317．已知：①2KMnO4+16HCl═2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2↑+8H2O；②Cl2+2FeCl2═2FeCl3；③2KI+2FeCl3═2KCl+I2+2FeCl2．则下列推断正确的是（）A．氧化性：MnO4－＞Cl2＞Fe3+＞I2B．还原性：Fe2+＞I－＞Cl－C．FeCl3不能使潮湿的淀粉碘化钾试纸变蓝D．反应①中HCl全部做还原剂18．把4.48L CO2通过肯定量的Na2O2固体后收集到3.36L气体（气体体积均在标准状况下测定），则固体增加的质量是（）A．2.8g B．4.4g C．5.6g D．6.0g第Ⅱ卷（非选择题共46分）二、非选择题（本大题共有5小题，19题6分、20题10分，21题10分，22题10分，23题10分，共46分）19．( 6分)某固体混合物可能由KCl、NaNO3、K2SO4、CuCl2、CaCl2、K2CO3中的一种或几种混合而成，为鉴定其组成，依次进行如下试验：（1）混合物中加入足量水得一无色透亮溶液，（2）上述溶液中滴加 BaCl2有白色沉淀产生，（3）过滤，然后向上述白色沉淀加盐酸时，沉淀全部溶解，（4）往滤液中加AgNO3溶液时有白色沉淀产生且白色沉淀不溶于稀硝酸．试推断：确定存在的物质有；确定不存在的物质有；可能存在的物质有．20．( 10分)KClO3和浓盐酸在肯定温度下反应会生成绿黄色的易爆物二氧化氯，其变化可表述为KClO3+ HCl（浓）═KCl+ ClO2↑+ Cl2↑+ H2O（1）请配平上述化学方程式．（2）产生0.1mol Cl2，则转移的电子的物质的量为mol．（3）氧化剂是，还原剂是；氧化产物是，还原产物是．（4）ClO2常用于水的净化，工业上常用Cl2氧化NaClO2溶液制取。
写出该反应的离子方程式，。
21．( 10分)下图为试验室某浓硫酸试剂瓶的标签，试依据标签上的有关数据回答下列问题：（1）该浓硫酸中H2SO4的物质的量浓度为。
（2）某同学欲用上述浓硫酸和蒸馏水配制250mL物质的量浓度为0.4 mol·L-1的稀硫酸，该同学需要量取mL上述浓硫酸进行配制。
（3）为配制（2）中的稀硫酸，下列可供选用的仪器中，肯定用到的是（填编号），配制过程中还缺少的仪器是（填写仪器名称）①玻璃棒；②胶头滴管；③量筒；④药匙；⑤圆底烧瓶；⑥天平；⑦烧杯；⑧一般漏斗（4）在配制过程中，下列试验操作可能导致配制的硫酸溶液浓度偏高的是（填序号）。
①定容时俯视观看②定容后经振荡、摇匀、静置后，发觉液面下降，再加适量的蒸馏水③浓硫酸在烧杯中加水稀释后，未冷却就向容量瓶中转移④容量瓶使用时未干燥22．( 10分)焦亚硫酸钠（Na2S2O5）是常用食品抗氧化剂，常用于葡萄酒、果脯等食品中．（1）Na2S2O5中硫元素的化合价是，焦亚硫酸钠在空气中久置会与氧气反应生成连二硫酸钠（Na2S2O6），写出该反应的化学方程式，并用单线桥标出该反应电子的转移方向和数目；（2）葡萄酒中的Na2S2O5的使用量是以游离的SO2来计算的，SO2的摩尔质量是．我国规定每升葡萄酒中SO2的最高含量是0.25g，则一瓶800mL的葡萄酒中SO2的物质的量不能超过（精确到0.001 ）；（3）世界卫生组织规定依据体重计算，每人每天摄入SO2的最大量应把握在0.7mg/kg，假如一个人体重是60kg，那么他每天喝上述葡萄酒的量不超过mL就不会造成健康上的问题．23．（10分）化学爱好小组对某品牌牙膏中摩擦剂成分及其含量进行以下探究：查得资料：该牙膏摩擦剂由碳酸钙组成；牙膏中其它成分遇到盐酸时无气体生成。
牙膏样品中碳酸钙的定量测定如下：利用下图所示装置（图中夹持仪器略去）进行试验，充分反应后，测定C中生成的BaCO3沉淀质量，以确定碳酸钙的质量分数。
依据试验过程回答下列问题：（1）试验过程中需持续缓缓通入空气。
其作用除了可搅拌B、C中的反应物外，还有：（2）C中反应生成BaCO3的离子方程式是_______________________________（3）下列各项措施中，不能提高测定精确度的是_____________（填标号）a.在加入盐酸之前，应排净装置内的CO2气体b.滴加盐酸不宜过快硫酸分子式：H2SO4相对分子质量：98密度：1.84g/mLH2SO4的质量分数：98%c.在A—B之间增加盛有浓硫酸的洗气装置d. 在B—C之间增加盛有饱和碳酸氢钠溶液的洗气装置（4）试验中精确称取8.00g样品三份，进行三次测定，测得BaCO3平均质量为3.94g 。
则样品中酸钙的质量分数为(BaCO3的摩尔质量为197g/mol)2022级高一第一学期学分认定考试答案（化学学科）第一卷：1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9C D A B D D A D D10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18B DC B C C C A A其次卷：19．( 6分)K 2CO3( 2分)；K2SO4、CuCl2、CaCl2( 2分)；NaNO3、KCl ( 2分)．20．( 10分)（1） 2 KClO3+ 4 HCl（浓）═ 2 KCl+ 2 ClO2↑+ 1 Cl2↑+ 2 H2O( 2分)（2）0.2 ( 2分)（3）KClO3(1分)，HCl ( 1分)；Cl2( 1分)，ClO2( 1分)．（4）Cl2+2ClO2－=2ClO2+2Cl－( 2分)21．( 10分)（1）18.4 mol·L-1 ( 2分)（2）5.4 ( 2分)（3）①②③⑦( 2分) 250mL容量瓶( 2分)（4）①③( 2分)22．( 10分)（1）+4( 2分)；；( 2分)（2）64g/mol( 2分)；0.003mol( 2分)；（3）168mL( 2分)．23．（10分）（1）把装置中的气体全部排到氢氧化钡溶液，使CO2完全与之反应生成BaCO3沉淀( 2分)（2）CO2+2OH-+Ba2+=2H2O+BaCO3↓( 3分)（3）c、d ( 2分)（4）25.0%( 3分)。