路桥专业英语(整好的)

专业英语

一选择

https://www.360docs.net/doc/bf7276408.html,puter are B useless unless they are given clear and accurare instrucctions and information

https://www.360docs.net/doc/bf7276408.html,puter programming is now including in almost all engineeing B curricula.

7.Acrive B recruiting for engineers often begins before the studen t’s last year in the university.

8.Many different A corporations and government agencies have comperend for the services of engineers in recent years.

9.They may prefer to work with one of the government agencies that B deals with wather resources.

11.The civil engineer may work in research ,design,construction,Bsupervision,maintenance,o reven in sales.

12.Civil engineers work on many different kinds of C structures .

13.It is normal practice for an engineer to specialize in just one kind.

14.In designing buildings,engineers often work as B consultants to architertural or construction firms.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/bf7276408.html,puter can’t solve complicated problems unless they are given D a good program.

17.Electrical and mechanical engineers work on the A design of the power-house and its equipment.

18.Construction is aB complicated process on almost all engineering projects.

21.Much of the work of civil engineers is carried on C ourdoors .

22.For example,B dams are often built in wild river valleys or gorges.

25.Thrust is the pressure exered by each part of a structure on A its other parts .

27.Today,scientific data permit the engineer to make careful calculations D in advance .

28.The weighe of all the people,cars,furniture,machines and so on that the structure will support when it is in use is B live load .

29.The force at which the live load will be exerted on the structure isC impact.

32.When a saw cuts easily through a piece of wood,the wood is A in tension.

33.We definde D shear as the tendency of a material to fracture along the lines of stress.

34.B horizontal force acts up or down.

36.The Romans also uaed a natural cement called pozzolana,made from B volcanic ash ,that became as hard as stone under water. 38.Modern cement is a mixture ofB limestone and clay .

40.Different proportions of the ingredients produce

concrete with different streingth and weight.

43.Steel rods are bent into the shapes to give them the

necessary degree of tensile strength.

44.Prestressed concrete has made it possible to develop

buildings with unusual shapes.

46.Many great buildings built in earlier ages are massive

structures withB thick stone walls .

47.The modern engineer must also understand the C

different stresses to which the materials in a structure are

subject.

49.A simple contract consists of an agreement enterd into

by D two or more parties.

51.Some contracts muat be made in a particular D form to

be enforceable.

52.Once a person has signed a document he is assumed to

have B approved its contents.

55.The contractor is not entitled to any payment if he

abandons the work prior to completion.

56.The retention money serves to insure D the employer

against any defects that may arise in the work .

60.That civil engineering works must be completed to the

satisfaction of the employer,or his D representative.

62.The employer or C promoter of civil engineering

works normally determines the conditions the conditions

of contract.

63.In most cases the tender may be B withdrawn at any

time until it has been accepted.

66.The employer is entitled to know the reasoning

underlying theC engineer’s choice of contract.

68.A contract has been defined as an agreement which

directly creates and contemplates C an obligation.

71.If there is no written agreement and C a dispute arises

in respect of the contract.

73.Roadbeds B underlie highway pavement structures and

the ballast and track on which trains move.

74.In recent years rippers have been used successfully to

C break up loose or fractured rock .

75.Where material is moved less than about 60m or

steeply downhill, drifting with a track or wheel type

bulldozer is A cheapest.

78.In 1923,the most used tool was a A scraper of 1/2yd3

https://www.360docs.net/doc/bf7276408.html,ually there areC no easy answers on equipment

selection.

82.Material forB embankment commonly comes from

roadway cuts or designated borrow areas.

84.Construction of pavement over high fills often was B

deferred for a year or more after completion of the fill to

allow this settement to occur.

87.In this case, layer thickness,moisture control, and the

number of passes by a roller of specified type and weight

are A predeterminde.

88.Field control is largely a matter of conducting the

specified procedure.

89.Nearly all vegetable matter should be removed from

the original ground and fill material.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/bf7276408.html,yered construction also produced greater uniformity

in the material D itself and in its density and moisture

content.

92.A tuack or wheel type bulldozer is D not suitable to

earthmoving considerably long hauls.

95.Terminology concerned B with highway preservation

varies considerably from country to country.

98.Public agencies typically dictate the major constraints

within which these design decisions are to be made.

101.Safe highways are C expensive and it appears that the

driving public does not want safe highways.

104.TheB defective vehicle is a creator of accident.

105.Past experience shows that of the vehicles involved

in all crashes.

110.Another improvement in drivervisibility is the

introduction of the remote-controlled B outside rearview

mirror.

111.The safe performance of the brake system C under

high temperatures has been ensured.

113.The highway can require mental and A physical

responses.

116.The use of uniform traffic control device will reduce

driver reaction time A as well as confusion.

118.A main source of accidents,the problem of B drunken

driving is the most serious of all.

119.To avoid the driving after drinking,one of the

methods is B breath test .

二、填空

121.Areas of research connected with civil engineering

include soil mechanics and [soil stabilization] techniques.

122.thus [on-the-jod] training can be accquired to

translate theory into practice to the supervisors.

123.Engineers oftten work as [consultants] to

architectural or construction firms.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/bf7276408.html,rge projects ordinarly employ severl engineers

whose work is coordinated by a [systems engineer ]

125.An important aspect of statistcal mathematics is

[probabibity]

126.Young engineers may choose to go into

[environmental] or sanitary engineering.

127.The weight of structure itself is known as [dead load]

128.Modern cement,called [Portland cement] was

invented in 1842.

129.[Prestressed] concrete is an improved form of

reinforcement.

130.As a structural material,the enormous asvantage of steel is its [tensile strrngth]

131.When planning a stucture,an engineer must take into account four factors:deadload [live load] impact and safety factor.

132.The three forces that can act on a structure are [vertical fore]horizontal force,and those that act upon it whit a rotating or turning motion.

133.A simple contract consists of an [agreement] entered into by two or more parties.

134.Theword contract is derived from the latin contractum,meaning [drawn] togther.

135.This surn is known as [retention] money and serves to insure the employer against any [defects]that may arise in the work.

136.One party to the contract is [liable]for beach of contrac if he fails to perform hs part of the agreement. 137.It is suffcient in order to create a legally [binding contract] if the parties express their agreement and intention to enter into such a contract.

138.The contractor is not entitled to any [payment] if he abandons the woek prior to completion,and will be liable in [damages] for breach of contract.

139.Excavation is the process of loosning and removing earth or rock and transporting it to a fill or to a [waste deposit].

140.[Clearing] the site precedds all grading and most other construction operations.

141.Rock nearly always must be drilled and blasted,then loaded with a front-end loader or [power shovel] mtotrucks or other hauling units.

142.Mateerial for embankment commonly comds from roadway cuts or designated [borrow areas].

143.No attempt was made to control [moiture]content or to secuew compaction.

144.Loose rock includes materils such as [weathered or rotten ] rock ,or earth mixed with boulders.

145.Causes of automobile accident can be categorizd into four major groups:the vehile,the,the driver,the [pedestrian].

146.The redesign of windschield wipers,fresh air [ventilating] systems,had resulted in greater vehicle safety.

147.Another improvement in diver visibility is the introduction of the remote-controlled outside [rearview ] mirror.

148.The safe performance of the brake system has been ensured by the use of [heavy-duty] brake fluid.

149.Relocation and reduction in height of the brake [pedul] has meant that the driver’s total reaction time has been reduced. 150The new design standards require [guard]rails and

other structures to lessen a vehicle’s impact.

三、英译中。

216.On-the-job training can be acquried that will

demonstrate hie or her ability to translate theory into

practice to supervisors.

在职培训将使主管人了解他（她）将理论运用于实践

的能力。

217.The civil engineer may work in research desgn

maintenance,even in sales or management.

土木工程师可以从事研究、设计、养护甚至于销售或

管理工作。

222.Bridge、tunnels and skyscaper、under construction

can also be dangerous places towork。

在桥梁、隧道、摩天大楼、地下建筑中工作也同样存

在危险。

224.Many of these great buildings buit in earlier ages

were poorly constructed and sometimes collapsed with

considerable loss of life。

许多早期的建筑物建筑水平不高，有时甚至会倒塌造

成巨大的人员伤亡。

227.Forces that might pull the structure around must be

countered with forces that pull in the opposite direction.

建筑物四周的受力必须与反方向力平衡。

229.It is now common practice to test scale models of

bridgs in wind tunnels for aerodynamic resistance.

现在的通常做法是按比例缩小的桥梁模型放在风洞里

检测它们的空气动力抵抗力。

232.Aluminum beams have already been usde for bridge

construcion and for the framework of a few buildings.

铝质梁已在桥梁建筑及一些建筑的框架中使用。

233.Attempts are also being made to produce concrete

with more strength and durability,and with a lighter

weight.

现在，人们在尝试生产一些强度更高，使用寿命更长，

重量更轻的混凝土。

239.The contract terms are set out in writing in a

document.

合同条款写成书面文件。

243.The employer might be able to postpone indefinitely

his liability to pay for the works.

业主可以无限期延迟付给工程款。

248.There are two basically different control procedures

for assuring a spdcified embdankment density.

确保规定的路堤密度有两种不同的基本控制步骤。

256.Clearing site sometimes can involve removing trees

and tree stumps and disposing of the debris.

清理场地有时包括搬移树、树桩和处理碎屑。

257.Selection of equipment depends on the nature of the

material,how far it is to be moved, and the method of

disposal.

设备的选择取决与材料的性质、需搬移的距离以及处

理的方式。

262.The advent of high speed divided roads has created

an addintional problem for the road surface in wet

weather.

分道行驶的高速公路的出现，对于雨天的道路表面带

来了新的问题。

267.Therefore,to prevent vehicle malfunction,mandatory

motor vehicle inspection programs are being enforced.

因此，为了避免车辆发生故障，机动车辆检查项目是

强制实施的。

四、英译汉

279.在用锯毫不费力地锯开一块木头时，木头是受拉

的。

When a saw cuts easily through a piece of wood,the wood

is in tension.

282.铝比不锈钢轻得多，但又具有许多不锈钢的特性。

Aluminum weighs mnch less than stainless steel but has

many of the same properties.

288.雇主一般不受报价最低的投标者或任何投标者约

束。

The employer does not usually bind himself to accept the

lowest or indeed any tender.

289.土石方设备的选择主要决定于材料的性质和运距。

The selection of earth working equipment is primarily

depended upon the nature of the materials and the haul

distances.

292.合理的路堤施工要求土壤分层摊铺，在接近最佳含

水量时压变。

The proper embankment construction requires that the

soil be spread in layers,and compacted at a moisture

contentnear optimum.

293.松动的岩石接着用施式运设备来处理，就像处理

“普通工”挖方一样。

The loosened rock is then handled by tractor-scraper units

as is done with “common”excavation.

299.平曲线半径、交叉口设计等都是影响交通安全的重

要因素。

Radii of horizontal,designs of intersections are important

factors in traffic safety .