深层理解非谓语动词,攻克高考难点

深层理解非谓语动词,攻克高考难点
深层理解非谓语动词,攻克高考难点

深层理解非谓语动词,攻克高考难点

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深层理解非谓语动词,攻克高考难点-英语论文

深层理解非谓语动词,攻克高考难点

张乃秀

(镇原中学,甘肃庆阳744500)

摘要:近年来,非谓语动词备受各套高考英语试卷的青睐,但非谓语动词一直是高中英语的难点,讲起来容易,理解起来难,为使学生能更好的理解,更容易的做题,本文就如何攻克这一难点,发表一点见解。

关键词:非谓语动词;常考点;深层理解;独立主格

中图分类号:G633文献标识码:A文章编号:1005-6351(2013)-06-0080-01 非谓语动词一直是高考的难点和重点,也是学生理解和使用的难点,为使学生能快速、准确地掌握和使用它,现在将它的常考点和攻克方法做一总结,以供分享。

一、常考点

(一)非谓语动词做定语

从时间上讲,非谓语动词的动作相对于主句谓语动词的动作来说,若未发生,则用不定式,若几乎同时发生,则用现在分词,若早于主句谓语动词发生,则用过去分词。从语态上讲,非谓语动词的动作若与所修饰的名词或代词存在主谓关系,则用不定式的主动形式或现在分词,若是动宾关系,则用不定式或现在分词的被动式或过去分词。

(二)非谓语动词做宾补

与做定语一样,从时间上讲,依然判断的是与主句谓语动词的先后关系;不同的是在语态上要判断与所补充说明的宾语所存在的主被动关系。要注意的是做宾补的不定式符号在主句谓语动词是使役和感官动词时,常省略。

(三)非谓语动词做状语

不定式一般只能做目的、结果(出乎意料)、原因(情绪形容词)状语,而除目的状语之外,其余一切状语现在分词和过去分词都可做。与做定语和补语一样,与主句谓语动词的先后发生关系确定其时态,与主句主语逻辑上的主被动关系确定其语态。

(四)特殊情况

某些动词后既可以用不定式又可用动名词做宾语,但意义不同,如try, mean, stop等;某些动词后只能使用不定式做宾语,如plan,pretend, refuse等;某些动词后只能使用动名词做宾语,如finish, practice, enjoy等;provided, providing, considering, given, supposing等既可做介词后跟名词或动名词也可用做连词后跟从句,意为“鉴于,由于,假定”。

二、把握实质,深层理解,三步走,攻克难关

非谓语动词在意义上是动作,但不是谓语形式,可做除句子谓语外的一切句子成分,就是不能做句子谓语。不定式表达未来,过去分词表达被动和完成,现在分词表达主动和进行。遇着非谓语动词的题,一定记着分三步走:一是分析句子结构,明晰需要的句子成分和功能,确定用什么类型的非谓语动词;二是判断非谓语动词的动词与主句主语或与所修饰的或补充说明的名词或代词之间的主被动关系,确定非谓语动词的语态;三是与主句谓语动词的动作在发生时间的先后上相比较,确定非谓语动词的时态。走完这三步,什么样的非谓语动词的题都是小菜一碟。

三、举例为证

1、(2012课标全国高考)Film has a shorter history, especially when ______

such art forms as music and painting.

A. having compared to

B. comparing to

C. compare to

D. compared to

2、(2012江西高考)Having finished her project, she was invited by the school ______ to the new students.

A. speaking

B. having spoken

C. to speak

D. to have spoken

首先,分析句子结构,可知1题是状语从句的省略,从句主句和主句主语电影相同故省略,2题是目的状语;其次,1题中比较与主句主语电影在逻辑上是被动关系,故要用被动式,2题说与主句主语她在逻辑上是主谓关系,故用主动式;最后,1题比较与主句谓语“有较短历史”先发生,故用过去分词,2题说迟于主句谓语“邀请”发生,故用不定式,综合起来,1题应是被动过去,答案是D;2题应是主动未来,答案是C。

四、独立主格结构

独立主格结构就是由名词或代词加上跟它存在逻辑主谓关系的非谓语动词、形容词、副词、介词短语等构成,独立主格结构本身不是句子,独立主格结构在句中只能做状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。当非谓语动词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,如果是做句子的状语,就考虑使用独立主格结构。这就是两者的连接点,也是考点。

请看例子:

1. Seeing his mother, the little boy came up.

2. Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks more beautiful.

3. The job finished, they went home.

4. Weather permitting, we’ll have the meeting.

在1、2两个句子中,分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语一致,而在3、4 两个句子中,分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致,故只有添加它们的逻辑主语,句子意思才能完整,分词添加了逻辑主语之后,就成了独立主格结构,因此,1、2两句是分词作状语,3、4 两句是独立主格做状语。所以说,在做非谓语动词的题时,也需要考虑与之相关的独立主格结构。

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