初中英语语法现在完成时讲解以及练习题讲义
现在完成时态语法讲解和习题巩固
1.构成
现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词have(has)表明事情发生于现在。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词在句子中做谓语，说明句子的含义。
2.用法（1）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
如：He has taught here since 2011. 他自2011年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）
I have't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。
since和for的区别since后接时间点，如8:00，last term, yesterday, 3 days ago
for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如one year, two days, a long time等。
Exercise: 用since和for填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______5 days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _____7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country _____1974.
6. The bus is late. They've been waiting _____ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.
（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
3.现在完成时的时间状语
（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last Sunday, in1990, three years ago 等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。
如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, the past few years等。
例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。
d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。
例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。
How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？
（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用, 表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持
续到现在。
如：I haven't seen him for two years. She has worked in the factory for 5 year.
但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为相应的延续性动词来表述。
表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，
因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：
He has come here for 2 weeks. ×The old man has died for 4 years. ×They have left only for 5 minutes. ×
以上三句话可以改为：
He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has ______ _______ for 4 years.
They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes.
现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
1.直接用延续性动词
buy– have；catch(get) a cold – have a cold；borrow—keep；become—be；put on-- wear
2.转换成be+名词
join the army – be a soldier；join the Party –be a Party member；go to school– be a student
3转换成be+形容词或副词
die—be dead；finish – be over；begin—be on；leave—be away ；fall sleep – be asleep
close – be closed come to/ go to/arrive at(in)+某地— be in(at) +某地
be over open → be open
finish →
4.转换成be+介词短语go to school– be in school ；get up_ be up；
如：He has been a soldier for three years. 他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes .电影已开始十分钟了。
We have already studied English for three years. 我们已经学英语三年了。
4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产
生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：
I have lost my new book.我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）
5.几点注意事项
（1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：
have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never, many times等连用，后者则不能。
如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们曾去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing . 他已经去北京了。
（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。
如：It is two years since his father died. = His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。
一、单项选择
1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in
2. We have been friends since ______. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before
3. Mike ___________ the story for a month. A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed
4. You ______ that question three times.
A. already asked
B. have already asked
C. already have asked
D. asked already
5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.
A. since last week
B. a week ago
C. for a week
D. since a week ago
6. I _____ at this school for two years. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied
7. They _________ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didn’t live C. have lived D. live
8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _________ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in
9. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998.
A. has been to
B. has been in
C. has come to
D. came to
10. His father _______ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies
11. Mary ________ to see the films because she __________ it twice.
A. won’t go, saw
B. won’t go, will see
C. won’t go, has seen
D. didn’t go, sees
13. ______ you ______ England? Yes, it _____ a beautiful country.
A. Will, gone to, was
B.Have, been to, is
C. Had, been to, is
D.Have, gone to, is
14. ----_______ you _______ to Beijing? ----No, I ______.I ______ there early next month.
A. Have, been, haven’t, am going
B. Had, been, hadn’t, am going
as going
C. Have, gone, haven’t, was going
D. Did,go, didn’t, w
15. ---You sister ______ to London to study English. Is that true? ---Yes , she ___ there for two months.
A. has been, has been
B. will go, has gone
C. gone, will be
D. has gone, has been
42. His sister ______ her hometown for three years. She'll return next year．
A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from
以适当形式填空
1. I_______ already _______ (see) the film. I _________ (see) it last week.
2. ----- _______ he ________(finish) his work today ? ------Not yet .
3. -----_____you _______(be) to Hong Kong ? ----Yes, I ________________ (be) there twice .
4. -----_______ you ever ________(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? ----No, never.
5. My father ____ just ________ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
6. Where’s Li Ming ? He ____________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
句型转换(每空一词)。
1. I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句)
I ______ ________ been to Macau before.
就划线部分提问)
2. He hasn’t come to school because he’s ill (
________ ________ he come to school?
3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问)
________ ________ ________ _________ learned English ?
5. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)
We _______ _______ English ________ three years
6. He has lived here since 1999.(就划线部分提问)
_____ _____ _____ he_______ here?
7. They have already finished the work.（否定）
They ______ ______ the work ______.
8. My father got there two days ago.（同义句）
My father ______ ______ ______ for two days.
9. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（同义句）
Mr. Li _______ _________ English in this school since 1999.
10. The factory opened ten years ago.（同义句）
The factory _______ ________ ______ for ten years.
11.They have cleaned the room twice this week. (就划线部分提问)
_____ _____ ____ ______ they ______ the classroom this week?
12. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005. （同义句）
My father _____ ______ _____ England _____.
13. John left Beijing three years ago. （同义句）
John_______ ______ ______ Beijing_____ three years.
14. His company opened in 2013. （同义句）
His company _____ _____ _____ _____ 2013.
15. My father bought the car half a year ago. （同义句）
My father ______ ______ the car _______ half a year.
16. We got to know each other for about 15 years. （同义句）
We _______ ________ each other _____ about 15 years.
17. The film began ten minutes ago. （同义句）
The film _________ ________ _________ for ten minutes.
18. He borrowed this book two weeks ago. （同义句）
He_________ ________ this book for two weeks.
汉译英。
1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。
2、他昨天收到一封信。
3、我父亲以前到过长城。
4、她还没有看过那部新电影。
5、她去过上海。
句型转换
1. I have been to Macau before.
一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答：否定句：
2. He has learned English for 5 years.
一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答：否定句：
3. His company closed in 2003.
一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答：否定句：
4. She likes bananas.
一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答：否定句：
初中英语现在完成时详解
现在完成时 一、现在完成时构成 构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 1、现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2、表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.
①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时） ⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill?for three days. I have lived here?since 1998. 注意： since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。3、表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 4、has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)?的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场，可能在路上和已经到) Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai?for two months. /since two months ago. 5、现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。不能与when连用。
初中现在完成时态讲解带练习知识讲解
初中现在完成时态讲 解带练习
一.现在完成时的含义及用法 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 2.现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时的基本句型： 肯定式： 主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式： 助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 用法①现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的) 此时，现在完成时常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用，通常放在助动词之后，过去分词之前。 already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经 1.你已经找到你的书了吗? 2.他们在这个城市建了许多房子. 3.Judy还没到达.
4.你吃过早饭了吗? 用法② 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 o’clock? for+ 时间段 since+时间点 , since+ 句子 ①Mr. Brown has had his TV _____15 years. ②I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month. ③My sister has had her cell phone _____a month . ④My friends haven’t visited me _______ my birthday. ⑤We haven’t used our car _____a long ti me . ⑥She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee ____ years. ⑦Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old. 二.have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to “到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in“呆在某处一段时间了” 三.实义动词分为: 瞬间动词、延续动词
【英语】初中英语过去完成时试题(有答案和解析)及解析
【英语】初中英语过去完成时试题(有答案和解析)及解析 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．——Jim, did you take out the trash just now? ——No. By the time I came home it . A. have been taken out B. had taken out C. had been taken out 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】take out拿出，带出，by the time直到，came home是过去时，扔垃圾是发生在came之前的动作，过去完成时表示的是过去的过去。又有be+动词过去分词构成被动语态。had been+过去分词，含有被动语态的过去完成时。句意：Jim，刚才是你把垃圾扔了吗？不，我回来的时候垃圾已经被扔了。故选C。 【点评】考查被动语态及过去完成时的用法。 2．—Peter, _______ you _______ your homework? —Not yet, I'll do it at once. A. have; finished B. Did; finish C. Will; finish 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——皮特，你完成作业了吗？——还没有，我马上做。根据Not yet, I'll do it at once.可知此处问你的作业完成了吗，所以句子时态用现在完成时，现在完成时的结构have+done，故选A。 【点评】此题考查句子时态。要根据上下文的联系确定句子时态。 3．Jake _____his key in the office so he had to wait until his wife _______ home. A. has forgotten … comes B. forgot… come C. had left… came D. had left…would come 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：杰克把他的钥匙丢在办公室了，因此他不得不等到他的妻子回家。结合语境可知前文描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。下文指的是过去某时的动作，故用一般过去时态。选C。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。 4．By the end of 2012, many buildings built in our city.
初中现在完成时练习题及答案
现在完成时 1.现在完成时的构成： 现在完成时由助动词have\has + 过去分词构成，第三人称单数用has，其余用have。 I have been in Shenzhen for seven years. Lily hasn’t been to America before. 2.现在完成时的用法： 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 3.常和现在完成时连用的时间状语： already, yet, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never，since，for等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。 I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。 They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。 I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。 She has been an independent girl since her father passed away. 自从父亲去世后，这女孩就变得独立了。 Jack has been a doctor for 10 years.杰克做医生已经10年了。 4.现在完成时的否定式和疑问句。 否定句：在have\has后加not 结构：主语+has\have+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Has\Have提到主语前，其他照写。结构：Have\Has+主语+过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 注意：肯定句中如有some\and，在否定句或者一般疑问句中要变成any\or，即 some-any and-or
初中现在完成时讲解和练习
现在完成时讲解和练习 I.定义： 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 2.也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态 II. 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。 如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。 III.现在完成时的时间状语 1.ever, never, twice（once…）, so far（到目前为止）, by now, up to now, up to the present , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）, recently（近来）等词连用 2.Since+时间点，since+从句(since he came here), for+时间段，in the past/last few years 表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。 说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如： I have already finished my homework. I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet? They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里) I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿) I can’t find my watch now. I t hink I have already lost it. 注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 IV.现在完成时的用法 A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如： The car has arrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口） Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着） B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。例如：My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。 How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？ 用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for＋时间段”或“since＋时 间点”。如： He has been in the Green China for three years. He has been a member of the Green China for three years. 他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。 The old man died 4 years ago.---- The old man has been dead for 4 years. He joined the Party 2 years ago.---- He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago.---- I have had the book for 5 days. V.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别 1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。）
【初中英语】现在完成时-知识点归纳与练习(1)
必备英语【初中英语】现在完成时-知识点归纳与练习 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．The tall building here for 100 years. A. is B. was C. has been D. is been 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】那幢高楼在这里已经有100年了。根据for 100 years可知“高楼在这里”是过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，要用现在完成时态，其谓语动词形式为have/has+动词过去分词。故选C。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时，平时应多归纳总结各种时态，语态和句式的结构及用法。 2．All the skirts .They very well. A. sold out;are sold B. sell out;have sold C. have been sold out;sell D. have sold out;sell 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：所有的裙子都卖完了，他们非常畅销。第一空sell out“卖完”，强调裙子已经被卖完的状态，本句用现在完成时的被动语态：has/have+been+过去分词，sell 的过去分词为sold；第二空sell作“销售”解释时用主动语态，在此处表一直卖得很好的状态，用一般现在时。故选C。 【点评】本题考查一般现在时和现在完成时的被动语态，注意sell的不同语态和用法。 3．The volunteers ________ a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010． A. offered B. have offered C. are offering D. will offer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查时态．句意"自2010以来，志愿者们向老人和青年提供了大量的帮助．"．A过去时．B现在完成时态．C现在进行时态．D一般将来时态．since+点时间通常用于现在完成时态，结构是have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是volunteers复数，用助动词have．offer的过去分词是offered．答案是B． 4．My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda. A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：我父亲在熊猫保护中心工作了10年，所以他对熊猫很了解。由句中的语句for 10 years 提示可知，此句要用现在完成时，主语my father，助动词要用has，故选C。 【点评】考查现在完成时的基本结构及用法，注意根据句子的时间状语判断时态。
初中过去完成时讲解教案资料
过去完成时定义 过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before，by the time +从句等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如： By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如： He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
中考现在完成时讲解
现在完成时 1、现在完成时的构成： 现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+动词过去分词”构成的。 。 ①助动词have/has可以与主语缩写为’ve/’ｓ e.g. I have → I’ve We have → We’ve He has → He’s It has → It’ｓ ②规则变化的过去分词与动词过去式一样。 ③不规则变化的动词过去分词见表。 2、现在完成时的基本句型。 ①陈述句肯定形式。 e.g. I have had lunch. 我已经吃过午饭了。 He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。 ②陈述句否定形式。(在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为haven’t/hasn’t) 我还未吃午饭。 e.g. I haven’t had lunch. He hasn’t gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。 ③一般疑问句形式及其答语。(将助动词have/has提前，答语一般用have, has回答) e.g. Have you had lunch? 你吃过午饭了没? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Has he gone to Beijing? 他去过北京了没有? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. 否定回答还可以用：No, not yet. / No, never. / No, not even once等。 ④特殊疑问句形式。(疑问词+一般疑问句) e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里? 3、现在完成时的三个基本用法。 (1) 现在完成时的第一个基本用法表示过去发生或已完成的某一个动作对现在造成的 影响或结果。 你吃过午饭没?有，吃过了，我刚刚 e.g. Have you had lunch? Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 吃的。(影响及结果：我现在饱了，不需要了) He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。(影响及结果：他人现在不在这里了) 该用法常already(已经), never(从不), ever(曾经), yet(仍然), just(刚刚), before(以前)等副词(作状语)连用。 ① already, just, ever, never常用于助动词之后，实义动词之前。already, just多用于肯定陈述句。 e.g. She has already finished her work. 她早已干完了活。 不，我已经看过了。(already Would you like to go to see the film? No, I’ve seen it already. 偶尔会出现于句末)
现在完成时知识讲解讲课教案
专项语法讲练——现在完成时 【概念引入】 如何学习时态？对中学生来说，最好还是从各个时态的基本概念、基本形式和基本用法学起。在过了这一阶段之后，再放开步伐，通过大量的听、读和笔头实践，获得感性的知识。现在，我们就从最基本的概念、形式和用法等方面来总结一种新的时态——现在完成时。 【用法讲解】 一、现在完成时的定义 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 二、现在完成时的构成 1. 肯定句 现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。 注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。 2. 否定句： 现在完成时的否定句式是“haven’t（hasn’t）＋过去分词”。 3. 疑问句： 现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。回答用Yes, …have(has)./ No, …haven’t(hasn’t). 三、动词过去分词规则变化与不规则变化 (一) 规则变化 变化规则：与动词过去式规则相同。 1. 一般直接在词尾加上ed。look —looked 2. 以e结尾的动词，直接加d。move —moved 3. 以y结尾，y前面是辅音字母的动词，变y 为i，再加ed。carry —carried 4. 部分动词需双写尾字母，加ed。stop —stopped (二)不规则变化 不规则动词的变化因词而异。但是如果对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的“规则”。同学们在记忆时，可按下面的形式对教材后不规则动词表进行分析、整理。例如：AAB型 ABC 型 AAA型
初中英语现在完成时讲解学案
完成时态 1. 用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果 E.g： Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I have finished my homework now. ②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续 E.g.:： I have lived here since 1990. 2. 现在完成时的构成have\has+过去分词 3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型 肯定句He has finished the work. 一般疑问句Has he finished the work? 否定句He has not finished the work. 两回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t. 特殊疑问句What has he done? 4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时 (1)九词语 ①already已经肯定句中或句尾 e.g.: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already. ②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾
I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet? ③ever曾经句中 e.g.： Have you ever seen pandas? ④never从不句中 e.g.： I have never been to Beijing. ⑤just刚刚句中 e.g.： I have just done my work. ⑥before以前句尾 e.g.： I have never been there before. ⑦so far到目前为止 e.g.： So far he has learnt 200 words. ⑧how long多久 e.g.： How long have you lived here? ⑨how many times多少次 e.g.： How many times has he been to Beijing? (2)两词组 have
初中现在完成时和过去完成时讲解及综合练习
一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （3 ）before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before.
过去完成时讲解及练习带答案
定义 过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如：He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的
[精]中考英语-现在完成时练习题及答案详解
现在完成时练习题及答案详解 单项选择。 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? A. already B.never C.ever D. still 3、Have you met Mr Li ______? A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past twoyear . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written 5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . A. has changed ; well B. changed ;good C. has changed ; better D. changed ;better 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ;studied D. are ; studying 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A.know B. had known C.have known D. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice . A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see 9、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really ? When _____ there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
八年级下现在完成时全面知识点
八年级下现在完成时全 面知识点 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998
一现在完成时概念及用法： 1 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和just（刚刚）， already（已经），yet（已经），never（从不），ever （曾经），before（以前），so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。 2 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续下去，常和 for或since引导的时间状语连用。此时的动词必须是延续性动词。 构成：have/ has(助动词)+V过去分词 肯定句：主语+ have/ has+V过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+ have/ has+not+V过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：have/ has+主语+ +V过去分词+其他 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have/ has. 否定回答：No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t. 3 常用标志词语 already, never, ever, just, before, so far, yet ,since+过去的时间点,for+一段时间等 already常用于肯定句；yet用于否定句和疑问句。 二常用句型结构辨析 （一）have/has been to / have / has gone to / have/ has been in 辨析： ⑴ have/ has been to + 地名“曾经去过某地” , 现在已经回到原地。 He has been to England twice．他曾经去过英国两次。(现在已经不在英国了) Have you ever been to the Great Wall你到过长城吗（现在已经不在长城上） ⑵have gone to + 地名“已经去某地了”，说话时该人不在现场。 He has gone to England。他已去英国了。 (已经不在说话的地方，到达英国或者在去英国的路上) ⑶ have been in +地点待在某地，常与时间段搭配。 I have been in Shanghai for three years. （二）since与for区别： 1）for其后只能接表示“一段时间”的名词性短语，可用于多种时态。表示动作或状态持续的时间长短； since其后接表示“时间点”的短语或从句（一般过去时）；也可以接“一段时间+ago”，常用于完成时态；还用于句型“It’s+时间段+since+一般过去时态的句子”。表示过去某个时间发生并持续至说话时的动作或状态。 I’ve lived in this city for five years. He usually sleeps for 12 hours every day. We’ve studied here since 2009. She has worked here for five years. It’s two years since I came to China. 练习：用since 和for填空 1.Jim has been in Ireland last Monday.
【初中英语】过去完成时做题技巧
【初中英语】过去完成时做题技巧 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．— Jim, why didn't you go to Beijing by train? — Bad luck! When I got to the station, the train ________. A. left B. had already left C. has already left D. has been left 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——吉姆，你为什么不坐火车去北京呢？——真倒霉！我到车站时，火车已经开走了。根据When I got to the station 可知，到那是过去时，离开是过去的过去，使用过去完成时，had done，故选B。 【点评】考查时态，注意过去的过去是过去完成时的用法。 2．—Peter, _______ you _______ your homework? —Not yet, I'll do it at once. A. have; finished B. Did; finish C. Will; finish 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——皮特，你完成作业了吗？——还没有，我马上做。根据Not yet, I'll do it at once.可知此处问你的作业完成了吗，所以句子时态用现在完成时，现在完成时的结构have+done，故选A。 【点评】此题考查句子时态。要根据上下文的联系确定句子时态。 3．By the time I ________ on the TV, Beckham ________ two goals． A. turned; have scored B. turned; had scored C. had turned; have scored D. had turned; had scored 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：当我打开电视的时候，贝克汉姆已经进了两个球。本句是时间状语从句，by the time到…时候为止，用于一般过去时，可排除CD选项。从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，需用“had+过去分词”结构，可排除A；根据句意结构，可知，故选B。 【点评】考查动词时态辨析题。 4．By the time I finished my homework，my mother ． A. slept B. has been asleep C. was asleep D. had been asleep 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】由上文“By the time ”和“ finished”可知此处应为过去完成时，故选D. 【点评】考查过去完成时。 5．When I got to school, I realized I ______ my backpack at home.