药学英语常用词根Suffix

药学英语常用词根Suffix
药学英语常用词根Suffix

Suffix

A suffix is a word ending that modifies a root. A suffix may indicate that the word is a noun or an adjective and often determines how the definition of the word will begin. For example, using the root myel/o, meaning “bone marrow,”the adjective ending -oid forms the word myeloid, which means “like or pertaining to bone marrow.” The ending -oma produces myeloma, which is a tumor of the bone marrow. Adding gen, which represents genesis or origin, and the adjective ending -ous forms the word myelogenous, meaning “originating in bone marrow.”

Classification

Table1:Suffixes that mean "condition of"

Table2:Suffixes for medical specialties

Table 3:Suffixes for a group of substance

etc.

●Compound suffix :is composed of part of the root and simple suffix.

●scopy= scop + y

●stomy=stom + y

●uria=ur + ia

●emia = em + ia

●Gastrelcosis

●Nephrolithiasis

●Osteomalacia

●Bronchomycosis

●Osteonecrosis

●Nephropyosis

●Angiosclerosis

●Cardi/algia: Heart pain

●Gastr/algia: Pain in the stomach

●Analgesics:Compounds capable of relieving pain

–Since –algia starts with a vowel, word root is used rather than the combining form. -dynia=Pain

●Cardiodynia:Hear pain

●Gastrodynia:Pain in the stomach

–Since –dynia starts with a consonant, combining form is used.

-emia=Blood Condition

●Hema = Blood (Greek)

●An/emia: Lack of blood

●Leuk/emia, a “blood cancer”, literally means “a condition of white blood”.

–Leuk/o = White

–em = blood

●-ia = condition

In Leukemia, the blood is not really white. There are too many immature white cells (leukocytes) in the blood. This finding was used to name the disease“Leukemia”.

-meter, -metry

●-meter = An instrument used to measure or count something

●Cyt/o/meter: The instrument used to count cells

●-metry = The process of measuring or counting something

●Cyt/o/metry: The process of counting cells

-penia=Decrease,Not Enough

●Means poverty

●Leuk/o/cyt/o/penia (leukopenia): Decrease in or not enough white blood cells

●Thromb/o/cyt/o/penia: Abnormal decrease in the number of clot-forming cells

(thrombocytes)

●Erythr/o/cyt/o/penia: Decrease in red blood cells

●Gastro/rrhagia: Bleeding of stomach

-graph = T o Write or Record

●From Greek verb graphein, meaning to write or record

●Refers to an instrument used to record data or

something written or recorded

●Radiograph: pictures recorded by radioactive light

●Electrocardiograph :a device used for recording the electrical activity of the myocardium to

detect transmission of the cardiac impulse through the conductive tissues of the muscle心电描记器

-gram = Record or Picture

●Gramma = something written or drawn

●-gram = suffix for “something written or drawn”. Used in medical terms to refer to a

record or picture made by an instrument.

●Electrocardiogram:a recording of the electrical activity of the heart over time produced by

an electrocardiograp心电图

Suffix for “Cutting”

●-gram = A record or picture made by an instrument

●electrocardiogram

●-graph = Instrument used to record data

●electrocardiograph

●Graphein = to write or record (Greek)

●-graphy = The process of making a picture

●electrocardiography

●-grapher = A person who records the data

●Radiographer

Tomos = Cutting (Greek)

Tom = word root for cut

●-tome = cutting instrument

●-tomy = to cut into (incise)

–Tom/e = cut

–-y is a noun suffix

●-ectomy = to cut out (excise)

–Ect/o = outside

●-ostomy = to form a new opening (surgical)

–stoma = mouth, opening

Suffix for “Cutting”

●-tome = cutting instrument

●-tomy = to cut into (incise)

●-ectomy = to cut out (excise)

●-ostomy = to form a new opening (surgical

Example:

?Gastr/o/tome

?Gastr/o/tomy

?Gastr/ectomy

?Gastr/ostomy

●-tome = cutting instrument

●-tomy = to cut into (incise)

●-ectomy = to cut out (excise)

●-ostomy = to form a new opening (surgical

-ectomy vs. -ostomy

●Gastr/ectomy: Excision (removal) of all or part of the stomach

–Ect/o = combining form meaning “outside”

–Tom/e = combining form meaning “cut”

–-y = noun suffix

●Gastr/ostomy: New opening made in stomach by cutting

–stoma = “mouth, opening”

–Tom/e = combining form meaning “cut”

–-y = noun suffix

-cyte = Cell

●Melan/o/cyte: Black cell (dark pigmented)

●Leuk/o/cyte: White (blood) cell

●Erythr/o/cyte: Red (blood) cell. Contains a red substance called hemoglobin.

-blast = Embryonic, Immature Cell

●Leuk/o/blast: An embryonic white cell

●Melan/o/blast: An embryonic black (dark pigment) cell

●Erythr/o/blast: An embryonic red cell

●Blast/o = (combining form) embryonic or immature cell

●Blast/o/cyte: An embryonic cell

●Blast: A cell in its embryonic stage

-gen =substance or agent that produces or causes

-genesis =origin; formation;development

●antigen: any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it

●glycogen: is the storage form of glucose in animals and humans.

●pathogen: the substance that can cause disease

●carcinogen: the substance that can cause cancer

●oncogenesis :formation of tumor

●adipogenesis: formation of fat

Path/o ,-pathy= Disease

●Path/o/logy: The study of disease or the cause of disease

●Path/o/logist: A physician specializing in diagnosing (discovering) diseases

●-pathy = Disease

●Dermat/o/pathy: Disease condition of the skin

-stasis= to stop or prevent

●Bacteri/ostasis: to make the growth of bacteria stop

●Hemo/stasis : to arrest the flow of blood

●Chole/stasis: a condition where bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum.

-cide= to kill

●Bacteri/cide: agents that can kill bacteria

●Fungi/cide: agents that can kill fungi

●Hydro/philic: be able to dissolve more readily in water

●hemophilia: Hemophilia is a rare, inherited bleeding disorder in which your blood doesn’t

clot normally. If you have hemophilia, you may bleed for a longer time than others after an injury. You also may bleed internally, especially in your knees, ankles, and elbows. This bleeding can damage your organs or tissues and, sometimes, be fatal. People born with hemophilia have little to none of a protein needed for normal blood clotting. The protein is called a clotting factor.

-phobe, phobic= fear

●Hydrophobic: the physical property of a molecule that is repelled from a mass of water.

●Hydrophobia: especially a set of symptoms of the later stages of an infection, in which the

victim has difficulty swallowing, shows panic when presented with liquids to drink, and cannot quench his or her thirst.

整理药学英语药名常用词首词尾前缀和后缀

药名常用词首 ace- 乙(酰基) acetyl- 乙酰(基) acet- 醋;醋酸;乙酸 acetamido- 乙酰胺基 acetenyl- 乙炔基 acetoxy- 醋酸基;乙酰氧基 aetio- 初aetiocholanolone本胆烷醇酮allo- 别allocholane 别胆烷allyl- 烯丙(基);CH2=CH-CH2- amido- 酰胺(基) amino- 氨基 amyl- ①淀粉②戊(基) amylo- 淀粉 andr-、andro-雄 anilino- 苯胺基 anisoyl- 茴香酰;甲氧苯酰 anti- 抗 apo- 阿朴;去水 aryl- 芳(香)基 phen-(=pheno-) 表示“苯基, 苯衍生的”之义(用于元音之前) benzo- [化]表示“与苯有关”之义phene=benzene 苯 aspartyl- 门冬氨酰 auri- 金(基);(三价)金基 aza- 氮(杂) azido- 叠氮 azo- 偶氮 basi- 、baso- 碱 benxoyl- 苯酰;苯甲酰 benzyl- 苄(基);苯甲酰 bi- 二;双;重 biphenyl- 联苯基 bis- 双;二 bor-、boro- 硼 bromo- 溴 butenyl- 丁烯基(有1、2、3位三种)butoxyl- 丁氧基 butyl- 丁基 butyryl- 丁酰 cardio- 心 chem(o) 化学 com(n)- 共同的 cyclo-、ciclo- 、cycl- 、cyclo- 环 Co- 共同 calc-、calci-、calco-钙 cephalo- 头孢(头孢菌素族抗生素词首) chlor- 、chloro-①氯②绿 clo- 氯 cis- 顺 crypto- 隐cryptogenetics隐性遗传学 de- 、des-去;脱 dec- 、deca-十;癸 dehydro- 去氢;去水 demethoxy- 去甲氧(基) demethyl-、desmethyl- 去甲(基)deoxy- 、desoxy- 去氧 dex-、dextro- 右旋 di- 二 diamino- 二氨基 diazo- 重氮 dihydro- 二氢;双氢 endo- 内部 epi- 表;差向 epoxy- 环氧 erythro- 红;赤 estr- 雌estrane 雌(甾)烷 ethinyl- 乙炔(基) ethoxyl- 乙氧(基) ethyl- 乙基 etio- 初 eu- 优eubacterium [微]真细菌fluor-、fluoro- ①氟②荧光 formyl- 甲酰(基) gen- 产生、源头 gly(u)- 、glyco 糖 guanyl- 脒基 hexa- 六;己 hepta- 七;庚 homo- 同类的 hydro- 氢的,水的 hyper 高 hypo 低 hetero- 杂 hypo- 次

生物药剂学与药物动力学专业名词英文及相关名词解释

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药学专业英语药学词汇

6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Janbon综合症 Janbon's syndrome PPB浓度 parts per billion concentration pphm浓度 parts per hundred million concentration PPH浓度 parts per hundred concentration ppm浓度 parts per million concentration 安全范围 safety range 安全试验法 innocuity test method 安全系统 safety coefficient 安慰剂 placebo 螯合剂 chelating agent 靶细胞 target cell 白蛋白微球制剂 albumin microballoons 百分浓度 percentage concentration 半合成抗生素 semisynthetic antibiotics 半抗原 haptene 半数致死剂量 half lethal dose ; median lethal dose; LD50 半衰期 half-life period; half life time 包衣片 coated tablet 薄膜衣 film-coating 饱和溶液 saturated solution 贝克勒尔 Becquerel 被动免疫 passive immunity 被动转运 passive transport

崩解度 disintegration 崩解剂 disintegrants 必需氨基酸 essential aminoacid 必需脂肪酸 essential fatty acid 变态反应 allergy; allergic reaction 表面活性 surface activity 表面张力 surface tension 丙种射线 gamma rays 补体 complement 补体系统 complement system 不良反应 adverse reaction 不完全抗原 incomplete antigen 搽剂 liniments 长期毒性实验 long term toxicity test 长效制剂 prolonged action preparation 肠肝循环 enterohepatic circulation 肠溶控释片 enteric controlled release tablets 肠溶衣 enteric coating 处方 prescription;recipe 穿透促进剂 penetration enhancers 磁性控释制剂 magnetic controlled release dosage form 磁性药物制剂 magnetic medicinal preparations 大分子 macromolecule 单克隆抗体 monoclonal antibody

DSP名词解释

DSP 专有名词解释 A Absolute Lister 绝对列表器 ACC 累加器 AD 模拟器件公司Analog Devices ADC 数模转换器 All-pipeline-Branching 全流水分支 ALU 算数逻辑运算单元Arithmetic Logical Unit AMBA 先进微控制器总线结构(ARM处理器的片上总线)Advanced microcontroller bus architectur e ANSI 美国国家标准局 AP 应用处理器Application Processor API 应用程序编程接口Application Programmable interface ARAU 辅助寄存器单元Auxiliary Register Arithmetic Unit ARP 辅助寄存器指针/地址解析协议Address Resolution Protocol Archiver Utility 归档器公用程序 ASIC 专用集成电路Application Specific Integrated Circ uit ASP 音频接口/动态服务器页面

(Active Server Page) ASK 振幅调制 B B0,B1 DARAM B0、B1 块双口随机存储器 BDM 背景调试模式Background Debug Mode Bluetooth 蓝牙 BEGIER 调试中断使能寄存器 BOPS 每秒十亿次操作 BOOT Loader 引导装载程序 C C Compiler C编译器 CALU 中央算术逻辑单元Central Arithmetic Logical Unit CAN 控制器局域网Controller Area Network CCS 代码调试器/代码设计套件Code Composer Studio CDMA 码分多址Code Division Multiple Access Code Size 代码长度 CLKX 发送时钟引脚 CLKR 接收时钟引脚 COFF 通用目标文件格式Common Object File Format Convolution 卷积

药学英语第五版原文翻译 (2)(2020年7月整理).pdf

Introduction to Physiology Introduction Physiology is the study of the functions of living matter. It is concerned with how an organism performs its varied activities: how it feeds, how it moves, how it adapts to changing circumstances, how it spawns new generations. The subject is vast and embraces the whole of life. The success of physiology in explaining how organisms perform their daily tasks is based on the notion that they are intricate and exquisite machines whose operation is governed by the laws of physics and chemistry. Although some processes are similar across the whole spectrum of biology—the replication of the genetic code for or example—many are specific to particular groups of organisms. For this reason it is necessary to divide the subject into various parts such as bacterial physiology, plant physiology, and animal physiology. To study how an animal works it is first necessary to know how it is built. A full appreciation of the physiology of an organism must therefore be based on a sound knowledge of its anatomy. Experiments can then be carried out to establish how particular parts perform their functions. Although there have been many important physiological investigations on human volunteers, the need for precise control over the experimental conditions has meant that much of our present physiological knowledge has been derived from studies on other animals such as frogs, rabbits, cats, and dogs. When it is clear that a specific physiological process has a common basis in a wide variety of animal species, it is reasonable to assume that the same principles will apply to humans. The knowledge gained from this approach has given us a great insight into human physiology and endowed us with a solid foundation for the effective treatment of many diseases. The building blocks of the body are the cells, which are grouped together to form tissues. The principal types of tissue are epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular, each with its own characteristics. Many connective tissues have relatively few cells but have an extensive extracellular matrix. In contrast, smooth muscle consists of densely packed layers of muscle cells linked together via specific cell junctions. Organs such as the brain, the heart, the lungs, the intestines, and the liver are formed by the aggregation of different kinds of tissues. The organs are themselves parts of distinct physiological systems. The heart and blood vessels form the cardiovascular system; the lungs, trachea, and bronchi together with the chest wall and diaphragm form the respiratory system; the skeleton and skeletal muscles form the musculoskeletal system; the brain, spinal cord, autonomic nerves and ganglia, and peripheral somatic nerves form the nervous system, and so on. Cells differ widely in form and function but they all have certain 生理学简介 介绍 生理学是研究生物体功能的科学。它研究生物体如何进行各种活动,如何饮食,如何运动,如何适应不断改变的环境,如何繁殖后代。这门学科包罗万象,涵盖了生物体整个生命过程。生理学成功地解释了生物体如何进行日常活动,基于的观点是生物体好比是结构复杂而灵巧的机器,其操作受物理和化学规律控制。 尽管从生物学整个范畴看,生物体某些活动过程是相似的——如基因编码的复制——但许多过程还是某些生物体群组特有的。鉴于此有必要将这门学科分成不同部分研究,如细菌生理学、植物生理学和动物生理学。 要研究一种动物如何活动,首先需要了解它的构成。要充分了解一个生物体的生理学活动就必须掌握全面的解剖学知识。一个生物体的各部分起着什么作用可通过实验观察得知。尽管我们对志愿者进行了许多重要的生理调查,但是实验条件需要精确控制,所以我们当前大多生理知识还是源于对其它动物如青蛙,兔子,猫和狗等的研究。当我们明确大多数动物物种的特定生理过程存在共同之处时,相同的生理原理适用于人类也是合理的。通过这种方法,我们获得了大量的知识,从而让我们对人类生理学有了更深入的了解,为我们有效治疗许多疾病提供了一个坚实的基础。 机体的基本组成物质是细胞,细胞结合在一起形成组织。组织的基本类型有上皮组织,结缔组织,神经组织和肌组织,每类组织都有各自的特征。许多结缔组织中细胞量相对较少,但是有大量的细胞外基质。相比而言,光滑的肌组织由大量密密麻麻的肌细胞通过特定的细胞连接组成。各种器官如脑,心脏,肺,小肠和肝等由不同种类的组织聚集而成。这些器官是不同生理系统的组成部分。心脏和血管组成心血管系统;肺,器官,支气管,胸壁和膈肌组成呼吸系统;骨骼和骨骼肌组成骨骼肌系统;大脑,脊髓,自主神经和神经中枢以及

药理学名词解释(含英文)

1.药物(drug)是指能够影响机体(包括病原体)功能和(或)细胞代谢活动,用于疾病 的治疗、预防和诊断,以及计划生育等方面的化学物质。 1.Drugs are chemicals that alter the function of living systems by interactions at the molecular level and can be used to prevent, diagnose and treat disease. 2.不良反应(adverse drug reaction ADR)是指上市的合格药品在常规用法、用量情况下 出现的,与用药目的无关,并给患者带来痛苦或危害的反应。 3.副作用( side effect)是由于药物作用选择性低,作用范围广,在治疗剂量引起的,与 用药目的无关的作用。 4.毒性反应(toxic effect)是由于用量过大或用药时间过长引起的严重不良反应。 5.后遗效应(residual effect)是指在停药后,血浆药物浓度下降至阈浓度以下时残存的药 理效应。 6.变态反应(allergic reaction)是药物引起的免疫反应,反应性质与药物原有效应无关, 其临床表现包括免疫反应的各种类型。致敏原可以是药物本身或药物代谢产物,亦可能是制剂中的杂质或辅剂。 7.继发反应(secondary reaction)是继发于药物治疗作用之后的不良反应。 8.停药反应(withdrawal reaction)是指患者长期应用某种药物,突然停药后发生病情恶 化的现象。 9.特异质反应(idiosyncrasy reaction)是指少数患者由于遗传因素对某些药物的反应性发 生了变化。特异质反应表现为对药物的反应特别敏感,或出现与在常人不同性质的反应。 10.依赖性(dependence)是药物与机体相互作用所造成的一种状态,表现出强迫要求连续 或定期使用该药的行为或其他反应,其目的是感受药物的精神效应,或避免由于停药造成身体不适应。 11.量效关系(does-effect relationship)药理效应的强弱与其剂量大小或浓度高低呈一定关 系,称剂量-效应关系,简称量效关系。 12.最小有效量(minimal effective does)或最小有效浓度是指引起效应的最小药量或最低 药物浓度,亦称阈剂量或阈浓度。 13.最大效应(maximal effect Emax)在一定范围内增加药物剂量或浓度,效应强度随之增 加。但当效应增强打最大时,继续增加剂量或浓度,效应不再增强。这一药理效应的极限称为最大效应,又称效能(efficacy)。 14.效价强度(potency)用于作用性质相同的药物之间的等效剂量的比较,达到等效时所 用药量较小者效价强度大,所用药量较大者效价强度小。 15.构效关系(structure-activity relationship ,SAR)药物的结构与药理活性或毒性之间的关 系称为SAR。 16.受体(receptor)是细胞在长期进化过程中形成的,对生物活性物质具有识别和结合的 能力,并具有介导细胞信号转导功能的蛋白质。与受体特异性结合的生物活性物质称为配体(ligand)。 17.激动药(agonist)是指既有亲和力又有内在活性的药物,它能与受体结合并激动受体而 产生效应。分为完全激动药和部分激动药。 18.拮抗药(antagonist)是指具有较强的亲和力,而无内在活性,拮抗药与受体结合但不 能激动受体。竞争性拮抗药(competitive antagonist)能与激动药竞争相同受体,但其结合是可逆的,竞争性拮抗药能使激动药的量效曲线平行右移,但最大效应不变。非竞争性拮抗药指拮抗药与受体的结合是相对不可逆的,或能引起受体构象的改变,从而干扰激动药与受体的正常结合,使激动药不能竞争性对抗这种干扰。增大激动药的剂量也不能使量效曲线的最大作用强度达到原来的水平。

药学英语专业词汇word精品

药学名词(中-英)6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Janbon综合症Janbon's syndrome PPB浓度parts per billion concentration pphm 浓度parts per hundred million concentration PPH浓度parts per hundred concentration ppm 浓度parts per million concentration 安全范围safety range 安全试验法innocuity test method 安全系统safety coefficient 安慰剂placebo 螯合剂chelating agent 靶细胞target cell 白蛋白微球制剂albumin microballoons 百分浓度percentage concentration 半合成抗生素semisynthetic antibiotics 半抗原haptene 半数致死剂量half lethal dose ; median lethal dose; LD50 半衰期half-life period; half life time 包衣片coated tablet 薄膜衣film-coating 饱和溶液saturated solution 贝克勒尔Becquerel 被动免疫passive immunity 被动转运passive transport 崩解度disintegration 崩解剂disintegrants 必需氨基酸essential aminoacid 必需脂肪酸essential fatty acid 变态反应allergy; allergic reaction 表面活性surface activity 表面张力surface tension 丙种射线gamma rays 补体complement 补体系统complement system 不良反应adverse reaction 不完全抗原incomplete antigen 搽剂liniments 长期毒性实验long term toxicity test 长效制剂prolonged action preparation 肠肝循环enterohepatic circulation 肠溶控释片enteric controlled release tablets 肠溶衣enteric coating 处方prescription;recipe 穿透促进剂penetration enhancers 磁性控释制剂magnetic controlled release dosage form 磁性药物制剂magnetic medicinal preparations 大分子macromolecule 单克隆抗体monoclonal antibody 胆碱酯酶cholinesterase 当量equivalent weight 当量定律equivalent law 当量浓度normality 当量溶液normal solution 等张溶液isotonic solution 低聚糖oligosaccharides 低密度脂蛋白low density lipoprotein 滴定titration 滴定曲线titration curve 滴丸剂 pill 递质transmitter 电解electrolyzation 电解质electrolyte 酊剂tincture 定向药物制剂directed pharmaceutical preparations 毒理学toxicology 毒性反应toxic response; toxic reaction 短期致癌实验short term carcinogenic test 对因治疗etiological treatment 对映体antipode 对症治疗symptomatic treatment 多功能酶multifunctional enzyme 多剂量给药multiple dose administration 多糖polyose 多肽polypeptide 儿茶酚胺catecholamine 二重感染superinfection 发酵fermentation 法定处方official formula

药理学名词解释(含英文)

第一部分 1.药物(drug)是指能够影响机体(包括病原体)功能和(或)细胞代谢活动,用于疾病 的治疗、预防和诊断,以及计划生育等方面的化学物质。 2.不良反应(adverse drug reaction ADR)是指上市的合格药品在常规用法、用量情况 下出现的,与用药目的无关,并给患者带来痛苦或危害的反应。 3.副作用(side effect)是由于药物作用选择性低,作用范围广,在治疗剂量引起的, 与用药目的无关的作用。 4.毒性反应(toxic effect)是由于用量过大或用药时间过长引起的严重不良反应。 5.后遗效应(residual effect)是指在停药后,血浆药物浓度下降至阈浓度以下时残存 的药理效应。 6.变态反应(allergic reaction)是药物引起的免疫反应,反应性质与药物原有效应无 关,其临床表现包括免疫反应的各种类型。致敏原可以是药物本身或药物代谢产物,亦可能是制剂中的杂质或辅剂。 7.继发反应(secondary reaction)是继发于药物治疗作用之后的不良反应。 8.停药反应(withdrawal reaction)是指患者长期应用某种药物,突然停药后发生病情 恶化的现象。 9.特异质反应(idiosyncrasy reaction)是指少数患者由于遗传因素对某些药物的反应 性发生了变化。特异质反应表现为对药物的反应特别敏感,或出现与在常人不同性质的反应。 10.依赖性(dependence)是药物与机体相互作用所造成的一种状态,表现出强迫要求连续 或定期使用该药的行为或其他反应,其目的是感受药物的精神效应,或避免由于停药造成身体不适应。 11.量效关系(does-effect relationship)药理效应的强弱与其剂量大小或浓度高低呈一 定关系,称剂量-效应关系,简称量效关系。 12.最小有效量(minimal effective does)或最小有效浓度是指引起效应的最小药量或最 低药物浓度,亦称阈剂量或阈浓度。 13.最大效应(maximal effect Emax)在一定范围内增加药物剂量或浓度,效应强度随之 增加。但当效应增强打最大时,继续增加剂量或浓度,效应不再增强。这一药理效应的极限称为最大效应,又称效能(efficacy)。 14.效价强度(potency)用于作用性质相同的药物之间的等效剂量的比较,达到等效时所 用药量较小者效价强度大,所用药量较大者效价强度小。 15.构效关系(structure-activity relationship ,SAR)药物的结构与药理活性或毒性之 间的关系称为SAR。 16.受体(receptor)是细胞在长期进化过程中形成的,对生物活性物质具有识别和结合的 能力,并具有介导细胞信号转导功能的蛋白质。与受体特异性结合的生物活性物质称为配体(ligand)。 17.激动药(agonist)是指既有亲和力又有内在活性的药物,它能与受体结合并激动受体 而产生效应。分为完全激动药和部分激动药。 18.拮抗药(antagonist)是指具有较强的亲和力,而无内在活性,拮抗药与受体结合但不 能激动受体。竞争性拮抗药(competitive antagonist)能与激动药竞争相同受体,但其结合是可逆的,竞争性拮抗药能使激动药的量效曲线平行右移,但最大效应不变。非竞争性拮抗药指拮抗药与受体的结合是相对不可逆的,或能引起受体构象的改变,从而干扰激动药与受体的正常结合,使激动药不能竞争性对抗这种干扰。增大激动药的剂量也不能使量效曲线的最大作用强度达到原来的水平。

药学英语

《药学英语》课程教学大纲 一、课程教学目的与任务 开设药学英语旨在从培养高级应用型人才的目标出发,结合药学及相关专业学生毕业后的工作实际,力求为他们提供其未来工作岗位所需要的专业英语知识和技能。通过教学,提高学生借助辞典和其他工具书籍,阅读国外文献的能力,并为将来我国执业药师与国际接轨做准备。 二、理论教学的基本要求 学完该课程后,在知识、技能和能力上分别应达到的以下程度: 了解英文药学文献的写作特点和格式,学习如何分析和理解英语长句。英国药典和美国药典的背景知识和使用方法,了解FDA的职责和功能;理解各章节PartA部分课文意思及PartB部分药品说明书中的常见例句;掌握掌握药品说明书必须书写的10个项目及其常用词汇,能够归纳出一些常见的化学基团的英文词缀;能用所学知识书写简单的英语药品说明书。 三、实践教学的基本要求 本课程实践学时全部以课堂对话形式进行,无单独实验项目。 四、教学学时分配

五、教学内容 Unit1 教学目的和要求:通过本章节学习,理解课文意思;掌握药品说明书的作用、项目;能够归纳出一些常见的化学基团的英文词缀。 教学重点:常用专业单词,如Pharmaceutical等的用法。 教学难点:文章翻译;常见的化学基团的英文词缀。 主要内容:PartAForeign Investment in Chinese Pharmaceutical Sector;PartB第1节药品名称;PartCChina—from self-sufficiency to World Leadership。 Unit 2 教学目的和要求:通过本章节学习,使学生理解课文意思;掌握常用专业单词,如supervision等的用法;掌握描述药物性状的常见句型;掌握药物性状的常用表达方式。 教学重点:常见的药物性状。 教学难点:常见描述药物性状的单词或短语。 主要内容:PartAFDA: Policeman or Teacher;PartB第2节药物性状;PartC Data Required for Drug Approval。 Unit 3 教学目的和要求:通过本章节学习,使学生掌握英文药品说明书中描写适应症的常见描短语或句型,常用专业单词,如临床药理(Clinical Pharmacology)、药效(Potency)、毒性(Toxicity)等。 教学重点:英文药品说明书中描写适应症的常见描短语或句型。 教学难点:文章翻译。 主要内容:PartA Pharmacological Tablet;PartB第2节药物性状。 Unit 4 教学目的和要求:通过本章节学习,使学生理解课文意思;掌握英文药品说明书中常见描写适应症、禁忌症的短语或句型。 教学重点:英文药品说明书中常见描写适应症、禁忌症的短语或句型。 教学难点:文章翻译。 主要内容:PartA Chemistry and Matter;PartB第4节适应症、第5节禁忌症。 Unit 5 教学目的和要求:通过本章节学习,使学生掌握英文药品说明书中描写用法用量及不良反应的常见短语或句型。常用专业单词,如常用表示剂量的术语平均剂量(average dose)、常用的剂量单位表示法、每次给药次数的表示方法:每隔…小时(every …hours)、每日三次(three times a day /daily)等。 教学重点:英文药品说明书中描写用法用量及不良反应的常见短语或句型。

药学英语名词解释

Unit 2-A 1.bacillus (复数:bacilli)杆菌,芽孢杆菌,细菌 any rod(杆)-shaped or cylindrical (英[s?'l?ndr?k?l] adj. 圆柱形的,圆筒状的)bacterium of the genus(英['d?i?n?s] n. 类,种;[生物] 属)Bacillus, comprising spore-producing bacteria. 芽孢杆菌属的任何杆状或圆柱形细菌,包括产孢子细菌。 2.clostridia (单数:clostridium)梭状芽孢杆菌 any of several rod-shaped,spore-forming,anaerobic bacteria of the genus clostridium,found in soil and in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. 梭菌属梭状芽孢杆菌中的任何一种杆状孢子形成的厌氧细菌,存在于土壤和人类和动物的肠道中。 https://www.360docs.net/doc/c43523854.html,ctobacillus 乳酸菌,乳杆菌属 any long,slender,rod-shaped,anaerobic bacterium of the genus lactobacillus,that produces large amounts of lactic acid in the fermentation of carbohydrates,especially in milk. 任何长的,细长的,杆状的乳酸杆菌属的厌氧细菌,在碳水化合物的发酵过程中产生大量的乳酸,特别是在牛奶中。 6.Prebiotics 益生元 natural substances in some foods that encourage the growth of healthy bacteria in the gut. 某些食物中的天然物质会促进肠道中健康细菌的生长 Probiotics 益生菌 A usually dairy food or a dietary supplement containing live bacteria that replace or add to the beneficial bacteria normally present in the gastrointestinal tract 一种通常的乳制品或膳食补充剂,其中含有能替代或添加至胃肠道中, 通常存在于胃肠道 Unit 3-A 7.adenosine 腺苷,腺嘌呤核苷 A nucleoside formed by the condensation of adenine and ribose. It is present in all living cells in a combined form,as in ribonucleic acid. 腺嘌呤和核糖缩合形成的核苷。它以组合形式存在于所有活细胞中,如在核糖核酸中。 8. anabolic adj.合成代谢的 A metabolic process in which complex molecules are synthesized from simpler ones with the storages of energy; constructive metabolism. 一种新陈代谢过程,其中复杂的分子由具有存储能量的简单分子合成;建设性的新陈代谢。 9.monomeric 单体的 A compound whose can join together to form a polymer 一种可以连接在一起形成聚合物的化合物 monosaccharide 单糖 simple sugar,such as glucose,that does not hydrolysis([ha?'dr?l?s?s])to yield(生产)other sugar 10.neurotransmitter 神经递质 A chemical by which a nerve cell communicates with another nerve cell or with a muscle. 神经细胞与另一个神经细胞或肌肉相通的化学物质。 nucleotidase n.核苷酸酶 an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a nucleotide to a nucleoside and phosphoric acid 一种催化核苷酸水解成核苷和磷酸的酶 Unit 4-A 14.biotransformation 生物转化 The series of chemical changes occurring in a compound,especially a drug as a result of enzymatic or other

药学英语 标准试卷9

一、翻译(共20分,每题1分)。 1 Nonane 2 Sodium 3 Silver 4 Arginine 5 Histidine 6 Phenol 7 Acetone 8 Sodium chloride 9 Potassium carbonate 10 Chlorine 11 乙烷12 甲醇 13 溴14 汞 15 腺嘌呤16 赖氨酸 17 胞嘧啶18 乙酸乙酯 19 氢氧化钠20 碳酸钾 答案: 1 壬烷 2 钠 3 银 4 精氨酸 5 组氨酸 6 酚 7 酮8 氯化钠 9 碳酸钾10 氯 11 Ethane 12 Methanol 13 Bromine 14 Mercury 15 Adenine 16 Lysine 17 Cytosine 18 Ethyl acetate 19 Sodium hydroxide 20 Potassium carbonate 二、写出下列缩写的英文全称并翻译(共10分,每题2分)。 1 WHO: 2 SFDA: 3 IR: 4 CTO: 5 NMR: 答案: 1 W orld Health Organization 世界卫生组织 试卷(A)共(6)页第( 1 )页

2 State Food and Drug Administration 国家食品药品监督管理局 3 Infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱 4 Chief Technology Officer 首席技术官 5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 核磁共振光谱 三、判断,并用×√表示(共16分,每题2分)。 1 ()There are three phases in the analysis: the fast-screening phase, the identification phase and possible quantification. 2 ()The present trend is mass screening of huge libraries containing several thousand molecules. This was made possible by the association of combinational chemistry with NMR. 3 ()Presently, as NMR, it is applied in a very general manner to synthetic as well as to natural compounds in the search for new lead compound. 4 ()Thus were produced, over millions of years, the earth itself and the chemical elements found on the earth today. 5 ()This is determined mainly by the lipid solubility of the drug, highly polar water-soluble drugs being transferred slowly whereas highly lipidsoluble, non-polar drugs are transferred rapidly across the lipid-rich membranes of cells. 6 ()Higher concentration of surfactants tends to form micelles with the drug and thus decrease the dissolution rate. 7 ()For growth regulators a bioassay is not an essential part of identification. 8 ()GMP is probably the most widespread quality system followed across the pharmaceutical industry as a whole 答案: 1 √ 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 √ 6 ×7 ×8 √ 四、单选题(共14分,每题2分)。 1 Analytical chemistry provides the B and tools needed for insight into our 试卷(A)共(6)页第( 2 )页

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