定语从句
专题：定语从句-- 丁静○A语法讲座
一.定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句:修饰名词或代词,有时也可修饰一个句子或句子的一部分;被修饰的词称为先行词。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；
关系副词：where, when, why等。
试比较一下两个句子：
1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）
2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）
1) My mother who is in her seventies enjoys hill walking. _______
2) My older brother, you’ll meet later, is a dentist. _______
三.关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代引导定语从句时，其所修饰的先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
The man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend.
②that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which
③在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可省略。
④whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
2) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (whose 指物时,常用以下结构来代替The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.)
⑤通常先行词不能是人称代词，但有的正式用语或谚语除外。
He who laughs last laughs best./ He who hesitates is lost.
1) The boy threw the stone who is wearing the yellow shirt. ________
2) The car that I had it in 1990 was blue. ________
3) He lived at the top of an old house which attic had been converted into a flat. ____
4) It’s just the thing what I was hoping for. ________
5) A person who buy things online should have a separate e-mail address. _____
6) Who wants to leave early should sit in the back. ________
1.和引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处：
①相同之处：as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子或句子的一部分。
1) He married her, as/which was natural.
2) He was honest, as/which we can see.
②不同之处：as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以插在主句中间。另外,as有“正如…,正像…”的意思,后边的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report等;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后,意为“这一点”。
1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.
2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.
注意：＊当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
＊当非限制性定语从句为否定句时，常用which引导。
6) Mr Zhang usually criticizes Mary in public, which she doesn’t like at all.
＊当非限制性定语从句的谓语是一个复合结构时，常用which引导。
7)Little Bob always tells a lie, which his parents find strange.
＊当非限制性定语从句中关系代词作主语并且是主动语态一般多使用which
8)T om made great progress in Chinese, which made us delighted.
9) S he has been late again, as was expected. (as在从句中作主语时，后面的谓
语动词常常使用被动语态)
2. as引导限制性定语从句
as引导限制性定语从句时，主要用在“such/so…as”和“the same…as”结构中。
1) This is not such an instrument as you showed us last time.
the same book as I lost last week.(此结构中有时也可用that来代替)
that和which引导的定语从句
1．限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
①当先行词是anything, everything, nothing, something, much, all, none, little 等代词时，或者先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时：
1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?
2) These walls are all that remain of the city.
注意：＊当先行词指人时，也可以用who，但这种用法不常见
3) Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
＊在这些词后，关系词that作宾语时，也可以省略。
4) Is there anything (that) I can do to help?
＊something 和anything之后也可用which 作主语，但这种用法不常见
②当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级或very, only修饰时：
1) The first place (that) they visited in London was the Big Ben.
＊This is the first time (that) he has been here. (注意不用when)
2) This is the best film that has ever been produced by the company.
that matters to the children is how soon they can have their holiday.
③当先行词指既有人又有物时：
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited there.
④当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时：
1) Who is the man that is standing there? (此时不能用who)
2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? (此时不能用which)
⑤先行词是疑问代词时用that引导：
1)What had we two in common that could make either of us happy together?
2)What did he say that could make you so angry?
⑥当定语从句的关系词在从句中做表语时，常用that, 也常可省略：
1)This village is no longer the village (that) it used to be .
2)You should make full use of the time (that) there is left to you to improve your English.
2．注意用which不用that的情况
①在非限制性定语从句中②在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中
③当关系词后面有插入语:Here is the ALD which,a s I have told you,i s a great help to you.
在下列情况下，常用关系代词who，而不用that:
＊先行词为those, one, ones, anyone, people等时
Those who are from Qingdao come this way.
＊当先行词后有较长的后置定语时，或定语从句被分隔时。
A teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
＊当先行词是用-body或-one构成的不定代词时，关系代词多用who
Is there anybody else who should be invited.
＊当先行词是集体名词时如果着眼于集体，常用that/which；如果着眼于个体，常用who
1)Our team,w hich took the second place last year,played better this year.
2)Our team,w ho are all under the age of twenty,w ill do well in the final match. 四．关系副词引导的定语从句
指时间when(有时可以省略)where指地点why指原因都在定语从句中做时间状语
that有时(口语或非正式场合)可以用来代替关系副词或相当于关系副词的
“介词+”结构,有时也可以省略。
1) The reason that(=why/for which) you were absent is groundless.
2) I don’t like the way (that)(=in which) he talks.
②关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
1) Do you know the date when(= on/by which) we have to submit the first essay.
2) Great changes have taken place in the city where(=in which) I was born.
③当先行词为时间、地点、原因名词时,如果在从句中不是作状语时,不可用关系副词引导。
1)The reason (that/which) he gave for being late is that his mother was ill.
2) They make me think of the happy days (that/which) we spent together.
3) Is this factory the one (that/which)they visited the day before yesterday? 五．介词+关系代词引导的定语从句（即介词+ which/whom/whose从句）1．关系代词前的介词的选择
①根据先行词的习惯搭配或需要来确定介词。
The speed at which light travels is 300,000 km per second. (at the speed of )
②根据定语从句中动词,形容词或名词的搭配来确定介词。
1) Don’t bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. (be afraid of )
2) He referred me to some reference books with which I’m not very familiar.
ll send you an inquiry, to which your prompt attention is highly appreciated.
＊有的含有介词的动词短语不能拆开使用,如:look for,look after, take care of等
This is the watch which/that I am looking for.
＊在非正式英语中，通常把介词放在定语从句中稍后的位置，而不是句首The playground wasn’t used by those children who it was built for.
2．“o f which/whom”前可加代词、名词或基数词,如all, both, each, many, most, neither, none, part, some, a number(one, two)等; the first, the second等; 以及最高级(the best, the biggest等)之后。
1) The bank was held up by a group of men, three of whom were said to be armed.
2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
3．“介词+关系代词+不定式”
The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds on which to base his
on which he will base…)
此时主句的主语必须与不定式的逻辑主语一致,否则不能改成这种省略式的定语从句,例如: with which factories or companies can develop themselves. 这里不能改成省略式定语从句,因为主句和从句的主语不同。
4．两个特例
＊例1: Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, from where he could see nothing but trees.(在该句中from where…相当于and from at the windows…此处不可变为from which…,也不可直接用where因为都不如用from where更具体。) ＊例2:That was written in 1946,since___the education system has undergone great changes.
A.then
B.when
C.there
D.which
先分析后面的句子成分完整,而A和C都不可引导从句,所以可排除。剩下B,D但后面的主要成分并不缺少,而且"which"显然在此也不指代前面的整句话或是某个事物,所以不选D。选"when"指代前边的"in 1946",相当于变成并列句,即: That was written in 1946 and since 1946 the education system has undergone great changes.
六．一些特殊的定语从句
1.分裂式定语从句
由于先行词有别的修饰语,或者话语间插入了其它成分,或者为了强调等某种特殊的需要,定语从句和它修饰的先行词被分裂开了,这种现象叫做分裂式定语从句。常见的形式有:
①被作定语的介词短语分开。这是因为介词短语相对较短的缘故:
The day of last year when we got to know each other led to our marriage later.
②被谓语分开。当主句的谓语部分较短,而定语从句又相对较长时,为了保持句子平衡,避免头重脚轻,而将定语从句放到谓语后面:
The days are gone when we Chinese were looked down on as Eastern Sick Man.
2.混杂式定语从句
有时定语从句的关系词与从句中的句子成分之间会插入“人称代词+ think/believe/guess…”表猜
测等态度的句子,这种定语从句被称为混杂式定语从句。在理解时,可以把它当作一个插入成分看待: That evening some people saw something that they thought was a UFO flying across the sky.
3.多重定语从句
两个或两个以上的定语从句同时修饰一个先行词时,这样的定语从句叫做多重定语从句:
1)Tibet is a place where the Tibetan people have been living for generations and which / that all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.
(that) he told me which I don’t believe.
多重定语从句的特点是:即使在从句中作宾语或表语,第二个以及之后的所有关系词都不能省略,以免引起句意的模糊不清。例如:
China is an attractive country which has the largest population, where there are lots
of mysterious stories and legends and that many westerners are still not familiar with.
4.but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句相当于that/which/who…not,
1)There are very few but understand his idea. (but= who don’t )
2)There is no rule but has some exceptions . (but=which doesn’t)
(用but引导的定语从句，常用于诗歌和文学作品，这种句型目前很少见。)
5. than有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句相当于than what (也有人认为不是定语从句,而只是than 的一种用法)
1) Parents had better not give kids more money than is needed.
2) Don't order more food than can be finished.
六．注意定语从句与其他从句（尤其是同位语从句）和描述性短语的区别＊I’d like to know the reaon why you’re so late.(定语从句)
We aren’t going for the simple reason that we can’t afford it.（同位语从句）
＊People who are unhappy with the amount of the spam they receive should write to their lawmakers.
People unhappy with the amount of the spam they receive should write to
I recognised Joan easily. She was the only woman worn a red and green hat._________
The man breaking the window wants to see you. ________○B应试技巧
Step1.先判断出是何种类型的从句;如果是定语从句则要分清是限制性定语从句,还是非限制性定语从句。
Step2.根据先行词指代的内容来判断。(限制性定语从句还要根据先行词的修饰语肯定或否定某一选择项。例如,先行词为不定代词时,就不能用which,只能用that。)
Step3.根据关系代词或副词在定语从句中充当的语法成分来判断,选择正确的连接词。或者,根据定语从句中所缺少的语法成分确定正确的关系词。
例1.He never hesitates to make such criticisms＿are considered helpful to other people.
A. that
B.as
C.which
D.what
根据题句结构,此处缺少作主语的代词,再由先行词前有such修饰判断,应为“such+n.+as”的定语从句形式，B正确。
例2.All ___ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life .
A.what is needed
B.the thing needed
C.for our needs
D. that is needed
A项what引导名词性从句，what前不能加限定词，A项可以首先排除。all只能修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，而B项中的the thing是可数名词单数，错误。all与C项介词短语搭配显然是错误的。D项为that引导定语从句，正确。
例3.The time is not far away＿modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.
A.when
B. as
C.until
D.before
由于从句谓语动词是将来式,而until,before引导的时间状语从句不能用将来式,显然C,D可以排除. when,as可以引导定语从句,先行词time在从句中作时间状语,故应选择关系副词when,A正确。例4.Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, ____ made the others jealous.
A.who
B.what
C.that
D.which
根据句子结构，空格部分为引导非限制性定语从句的关系词，作从句主语，由此首先排除B、C二项。根据题意，该定语从句修饰的是整个主句，故D正确。
例5.The students will put off the outing until next week, ___they won＇t be so busy.
A.when
B.as
C.Since
D.while
A正确。关系副词when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰next week.
例6.There is hardly an environment on earth__some species of animal or other has not adapted successfully.
A.to which
B.wherever
C.so that
D.as to
此句有两个关键点:①两个主谓结构;D项为介词,不能连接两个主谓结构,可排除。②第二个主谓结构的动词是adapt;Adapt作“适应”解,须与介词to搭配使用,在此句中意为“适应环境”,先行词为“环境”,故A项正确,构成带介词的定语从句。
例7.An investigation was made into the accident,____ fifty people were killed.
A.for that
B.when
C.where
D.in which
此句应先确定句子的意义,再定结构。空格后意为“死了50人”当然指“那次事故中”,主句中有先行词,应为定语从句。“事故”既非时间,又非地点,排除B,C。A项不能作两句之间连接词,也错。D项正确。
例8.The goals ___ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A.after which
B.with which
C.for which
D.at which
选择项区别在于介词,根据题意“他终身为之奋斗的目标”,先行词“目标”属定语从句中目的状语部分,故应选择介词for，C正确。
例9.The minister was the person _____.
A.whom the state dinner was given in honor
B.for whom the state dinner was given honor
C.whose honor the state dinner was given
D.in whose honor the state dinner was given 各选择项均为定语从句。A,B,C三项均为双宾语结构,谓语动词被动态,直接宾语作主语,保留宾语,前该加介词to,故三项均错。而且C项的whose honor从意义上不适宜作间接宾语,答案为D。例10.The fire started on the first floor of the hospital, ____are elderly and weak.
A.many of whose patients
B.many of which patients
C.many of its patients
D.many patients of whom 根据结构,首先排除C;先行词在定语从句中作定语,关系代词要用whose,故A正确(注意如果题目改成去are,即The fire started on the first floor of the hospital, ___elderly and weak,则答案为C)
○C历年高考真题
1. I don’t like you speak to her. (1996上海)
A. the way
B. the way in that
C. the way which
D. the way of which
2. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those in the forest.
A. once they grew
B. they grew once
C. they once grew
D. once grew
3. Carol said the work would be done by October,____personally I doubt very much.
A. it
B. that
C. when
D. which
4. is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.
A. Which
B. As
C. That
D. It
5. He was very rude to the Customs officer, of course made things even worse.
A. who
B. whom
C. what
D. which
6. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, was very reasonable. (2000上海)
A. which price
B. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of whose
7. The result of the experiment was very good, we hadn’t expected.
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. what
8. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ______ leading actor is world-famous?
A. its
B. it’s
C. whose
D. which
9.The film brought the hours to me I was taken good care of in that far away village.
A. until
B. that
C. when
D. where
10. He is the only one of the students who___a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is
B. are
C. have been
D. has been
11. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where
B. which
C. while
D. why
12. Is this the reason ______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A.he explained
B.what he explained
C.how he explained
D.why he explained
13.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,__I will always treasure.
A. that
B. one
C. it
D. what
14.We will be shown around the city:schools, museums and some other places, ___ other visitors seldom go.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. when
15.Eric received training in computer for one year,___he found a job in a big company.
A. after that
B. after which
C. after it
D. after this
16.George Orwell, ____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name
B.what his real name
C.his real name
D.whose real name
17. It is easy to do the repair. ____ you need is a hammer and some nails.（2004天津）
A .Something B. All C. Both D. Everything
18.Anyway, that evening,__I’ll tell you more about later,I ende d up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when
B. where
C. what
D. which
19.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,__the sailing time was 226d ays.
A. of which
B. during which
C. from which
D. for which
20. I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how
B. which
C. where
D. that
21. There was _____ time ______ I hated to go to school. （2004湖北）
A.a; that
B.a; when
C.the; that
D.the; when
22. There are two buildings, _____ stands nearly a hundred feet high . （2004湖北）
A.the larger
B.the larger of them
C.the larger one that
D.the larger of which
23. What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it. （2004湖北）
A.the way
B.in the way that
C.in the way
D.the way which
24.American women usually identify their best friend as someone___they can talk frequently.
A. who
B. as
C. about which
D. with whom
25.The English play___my students acted at the New Ye ar’s party was a great success.
A. for which
B. at which
C. in which
D. on which
26. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. that
27. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ______ five are mine.
A. on which
B. in which
C. of which
D. from which
28.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree_____they can be controlled on purpose.
A. with which
B. to which
C. of which
D. for which
29.A fast food restaurant is the place___,just as the name suggests,eating is performed quickly.
A. which
B. where
C. there
D. what
30. — Why does she always ask you for help? （2005北京）
— There is no one else _______ , is there?
A. who to turn to
B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn to
D. for her to turn
31.If a shop has chairs__women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
https://www.360docs.net/doc/c617235645.html,st month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from____effects the people are still suffering.
A. that
B. whose
C. those
D. what
33. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, ______he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union. （2005重庆）
A.during which time
B.for which time
C.during whose time
D.by that time
34. Her sister has become a lawyer, _____she wanted to be. （2005湖北）
A. who
B. that
C. what
D. which
35.Frank’s drea m was to have his own shop__to produce the workings of his own hands.
A.that
B.in which
C.by which
D.how
36. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ____they are being trained.
A.in that
B.for that
C.in which
D.for which
37. The way he did it was different _____we were used to. （2005江西）
A.in which
B.in what
C.from what
D.from which
38.I walked in our garden,__Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
A.which
B.when
C.where
D.that
39. — Did Jack come back early last night? （2005福建）
— Yes. It wa s not yet eight o ’ clock _____ he arrived home.
A.before
B.when
C.that
D.until
40. — Is that the small town you often refer to? （2005福建）
— Right, just the one ______ you know I used to work for years.
A.that
B.which
C.where
D.what
41.He was educated at a local grammar school,___he went on to Cambridge.（2005山东）
A. from which
B. after that
C. after which
D. from this
42.The place____the bridge is supposed to be built should be____the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where
B. at which; which
C. at which; where
D. which; in which
43. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _____ people were eaten by the tiger.（2005广东）
A. in which
B. by which
C. which
D. that
44.The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but__didn’t help.
A.it
B.she
C.which
D.he
45. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ____ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. which
46. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _______we gave some bells and glasses. （2006湖南）
A. to which
B. to whom
C. with whom
D. with which
47. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction ______ she had come. （2006重庆卷）
A. of which
B. by which
C. in which
D. from which.
48. ——Do you have anything to say for yourselves? （2006江西卷）
——Yes，there’s one point ________ we must insist on.
A.why
B.where
C.how
D./
49. We’re just trying to r each a point___both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where
B. that
C. when
D. which
50. I was given three books on cooking, the first___ I really enjoyed. ( 2006浙江卷)
A. of that
B. of which
C. that
D. which
51.The Beatles, many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. as
52.Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street,__used to be poorly run,is now a successful business.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. where
53.His movie won several awards at the film festival,___was beyond his wildest dream.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. it
54. —Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm ______we worked.(2007)
A.that
B.there
C.which
D.where
55. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself,
_____ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.(2007湖南卷)
A. who
B. which
C. what
D. that
56.Today,we’ll discuss a number of cases_ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
A.which
B.as
C.why
D.where
57. The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad.
A.that
B.all that
C.all what
D.which
58.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity____sight matters more than hearing.
A. when
B. whose
C. which
D. where
○D模拟试题
1.It wasn't such a good dinner she had promised us.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. what
2.Some metals are better conductors of electricity than others, means that the former have atoms that contain more free electrons than the latter.
A. that
B. this
C. which
D. it
3.The time has come we can make extensive use of nuclear energy.
A. when
B. while
C. as
D. since
4. is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.
A. That
B. Which
C. As
D. It
5.The residents, had been damaged by the flood,were given help by the Red Cross.
A.all their homes
B.all whose homes
C.all of whose homes
D. all of their homes
https://www.360docs.net/doc/c617235645.html,nguage is a city, to the building of every human being brought a stone.
A. which
B. that
C. it
D. this
7.The computer has brought about surprising technological changes we organize and produce information.
A. in a way
B. in the way
C. in that way
D. in no way
8.You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from to suspend your tent.
A. there
B. them
C. which
D. where
9.Liquids are like solids they have a definite volume.
A. in that
B. for that
C. with that
D. at that
10.Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 of patients do not take drugs __directed.
A. like
B. so
C. which
D. as
11.I have kept that portrait I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.
A. which
B. where
C. whether
D. when
12. might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.
A. As
B. That
C. It
D. What
13.Melted iron is poured into the mixer much tea is poured into a cup from a teapot.
A.in the same way like
B.in the same way which
C.in the same way
D.in the same way as
14.The mere fact __ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. why
15.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, obtaining water is not the least.
A. for which
B. to which
C. of which
D. in which
16.The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, __ is often the case in other countries.
A. as
B. what
C. so
D. that
17.We need a chairman .
A. for whom everyone has confidence
B. in whom everyone has confidence
C. who everyone has confidence of
D. whom everyone has confidence on
18.A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region,___ were surprising.
A. as results
B. which results
C. the results of it
D. the results of which
19.I hope all the precautions against air pollution, suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.
A. while
B. since
C. after
D. as
20. I've never been to Beijing, but it's the place .
A. where I'd like to visit
B. I most want to visit
C. in which I'd like to visit
D. that I want to visit it most
21.The hours the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affected their relationships with real-life people.
A. when
B. on which
C. that
D. in which
https://www.360docs.net/doc/c617235645.html,ernment reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations formal language is used.
A. in which
B. on which
C. in that
D. at what
23.There was such a long line at the exhibition we had to wait for about half an hour.
A. as
B. that
C. so
D. hence
24. My grandpa gave me a watch, which is made of gold, I keep to this day.
A. and thus
B. and
C. so
D. and which
25.We often advise him not to drink more wine is good for his health.
A. as
B.that
C.than
D. what
26.The problem of ____ to select as his successor was quickly disposed of .
A.what
B.whom
C.which
D.how
27. The reason _____ he died was lack of medical care.
A. which
B. for that
C. as
D. why
28. The retiring teacher made a speech ____ she thanked the class for the gift.
A. in which
B. for which
C. of which
D. with which
29. That is one of the many tools _____.
A. which I find it hard to work
B. which I find it hard to work with
C. that I find it hard to work with
D. with which I find it hard to work
30. We moved to the new house in the suburbs so that the kids would have a garden ___.
A. in which to play
B. to play
C. to play with
D. where to play
31. There is not much ____ can be done now.
A. that
B. who
C. which
D. what
32. We heard a loud sound of drums beating ____ the parade marched.
A. till
B. while
C. the moment
D. where
33. Just as the builder is skilled in the handling of his bricks, ____ the experienced writer is skilled in the handling of his words.
A. as
B. thus
C. so
D. like
34. He took down a square green bottle,____ he poured into a dish.
A. its content
B. which content
C. the content of which
D. the content of that
35.They lost their way in the forest,and__made matters worse was that night bagan to fall.
A. that
B. it
C. what
D. which
36.Most electronic devices of this kind,__manufactured for such purposes,are tightly packed.
A. that are
B. as are
C. which is
D. it is
37. As for the winter, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of ____ heating fuel is allowed saved for the dawn.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. such
38. I've never heard so interesting a story ______ you told me.
A. as
B. that
C. of which
D. about which
39. I'll buy the same coat ______ you wear.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. like
40. I passed by the sports field the other day, __ there was a football match going on then.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
41. Not far from the club, there was a garden, ____ owner was seated in it playing bridge with his children.
A. its
B. whose
C. which
D. of which
42. You can use a large plastic bottle, ____ cut off, as a pot to grow flowers in.
A. the top is
B. with its top
C. whose top
D.the top of which
43.When you find something, make a note __ it’s found, and do a drawing in your notebook.
A. where
B. in the place
C. in places that
D. no matter wherever
44. There is not one of us ___ wishes to help you. We are doing our best.
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. but
45. Madam Curie, ____ life was hard at college, was a woman of strong characters
and that’s why she made her mark in history.
A. on whom
B. in which
C. for whose
D. for whom
定语从句语法知识点基本汇总
定语从句 一、that引导的定语从句 1. that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。 在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door.他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man(that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？The person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that/which comes after spring is summer.春天之后的季节是夏季。 I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress(that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well.安买的衣服不太合身。 2.限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况 （1）当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, some, the one等词时。 Everything that he said was true. 他所说的一切都是真的。 There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 有我能为你效劳的事吗？ That’s all that I know. 我知道的就这么多。 （2）当先行词被the very（恰恰,正好）the only, any, few, little, no, all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. 这正是我要买的语法书。 The only thing that is constant is change. 唯一不变的是变化。 There was little that we could do to help her. 我们没有什么能帮助她的。 （3）当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution.这是曾经用过的最好的抗污染的办法。This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。 （4）当先行词是first，last，next等序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 What is the first American film that you have seen? 你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？（5）当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? 有常识的人谁会相信这种无聊的
定语从句(3)从句的本质
定语从句（3）从句的本质 从句的本质是：句子作成分/词类 在简单句中，成分都是由单词或短语充当的： I know you. 主语是I ；谓语是know ；宾语是you I enjoy reading novels. 主语是I ；谓语是know ；宾语是reading novels（动宾短语） I know he is ill. 主语是I ；谓语是know ；宾语是he is ill（句子）我们可以看出：最后的句子He is ill 是作了句子成分的，作宾语，因此可以叫它为“宾语从句” 从另一个角度来说：这个句子相当于一个名词，因此可以叫做“名词性从句” That she finished reading an English novel surprised us all. 上面的句子当中，句子She finished reading an English novel作了主语，因此叫“主语从句”，也相当于名词，还可以叫做“名词性从句”
She finished reading an Englishnovel yesterday. She finished reading an Englishnovel at the age of 12. She finished reading an Englishnovel when she was 12. 从上面的变化情况我们可以看出，从单词作成分，短语作成分到句子作成分，作的都是状语，因此从句叫“状语从句”，或叫“副词性从句”。 The little girl finished reading an English novel. The girl in school uniform finished reading an English novel. The girl who is 12 finished reading an English novel.从上面的变化情况我们可以看出，从单词作成分，短语作成分到句子作成分，作的都是定语，因此从句叫“定语从句”，或叫“形容词性从句”。
高中英语语法定语从句总结全
高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ、概念: (１) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词（antｅcedｅｎt)后面。 (2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语，或整个主句。 (3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。 关系词得作用: 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词; ２) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语，状语) 常用得关系代词: ｔhat、wｈｉcｈ、wｈo、whom、wｈosｅ,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语）、why(原因状语)、wｈe ｒｅ（地点状语） 可以修饰人得关系代词:thａt, ｗho，wｈｏｍ,whosｅ 可以修饰事得关系代词:tｈat, whｉcｈ, as，whose, The studeｎt who answerｅd ｔhe ｑuestion was John、 Ｉkｎow thｅｒeasoｎwhy he wａｓso angｒy、 The bｏy （wｈom) ｙou are taｌkｉnｇｔo is myｂrotｈｅｒ、 Ｉ'd likｅ a ｒoｏｍwhose window fａｃesｔｈe sea、 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词; 第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语); 第三选择合适得关系词。 Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法: ●tｈat:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于whｏ或wｈｏｍ;指物时,相当于whiｃh)（一般不用于非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语) 如: 1、A lｅtteｒthaｔ／which is wrｉtｔen in peｎcｉl is diffiｃult ｔo ｒead、（主语) 2、Do yｏu kｎｏw tｈe gentleman ｔhａｔ/ｗｈｏspoke just ｎｏw? 3、Ｙou can takｅａnything ( ｔhat)you like、(宾语) 4、Whaｔｉs thｅquestiｏｎ(ｔhat/whｉｃh) they aｒｅｔalｋing about? 5、Hｅreｉs theｍan （wｈo／whom/ｔhat) yｏu want tｏsee、 6、Ｓhe＇s no longeｒthe girl( that) sｈeｕsｅd to ｂe befｏre、（表语） 7、Ｏuｒhometｏwn iｓno ｌonger ｔhｅoｎe (thａt)it usｅｄto ｂe、(=Ｏｕr homeｔｏｗn iｓｎot tｈe sａｍe as it uｓed tｏｂe、 = Our hｏmｅtｏwn is diffeｒenｔfrom what iｔｕｓｅｄtｏｂe。 =Ouｒhometｏｗn ｉs notｗhａt it uｓed to ｂe、) ●which：指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如： 1、Thｅboｏk which/thａｔwas ｏn the ｄeｓkｗａsｂought bｙｍy fatｈer、(主语) 2、Tｈｅboｏk(whiｃh/tｈaｔ) Ｉｂｏught yesteｒdaｙｉs very
(完整word版)英语定语从句用法详解
英语定语从句用法详解 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。 1.由who引导的定语从句中，who用作主语，如：This is the boy who often helps me. 2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. 3.由whose引导的定语从句中，whose用作定语，如：Do you know the girl whose skirt is white? 4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如： The room in which there is a machine is a work shop. The river which is in front of my house is very clean. This is the pen which you want. 注意： (1)whom, which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在whom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如：He is the very person whom we must take good care of. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：I have lost my bag, which I like very much. (3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。 5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如： The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. 注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。 (1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等，如： All that we have to do is to practise English. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如 The first letter that I got from him will be kept. (3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰，如 I've eaten up all the food that you gave me. (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如 He is the only person that I want to talk with. (5)先行词既有人又有物时，如: They talked about persons and things that they met. (6)当句中已有who时，为避免重复，如：Who is the man that is giving us the class? 6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如: I don't know the reason why he was late. This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time. 注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)
英语定语从句简介
语法1 ( )1. How dangerous! She was driving the car with one hand and holding an ice cream with ____. A. the other B. another C. others D. other ( )2. _____ they are very tired, they feel happy because t hey’ve finally finished their project. A.So B. Although C. If D. But ( )3. Yesterday evening, I _____ along the street when I suddenly met my maths teacher. A. walk B. walked C. was walking D. am walking ( )4. The story ______ I read the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers. A.whose B. who C. that D. where ( )5. May I have a rest? I have already finished ______ the report. A. write B. writing C. to write D. written ( )6. –Excuse me, can I smoke here? --No, ______. A. you must B. you’d not better C. you can D. you’d better not ( )7. –I feel a bit hungry now. -- Why not _____ for dinner with us? A. go B. did you go C. to go D. do you go ( )8. The actress is already 50, but she looks ______ than she really is. A. young B. more young C. more younger D. much younger ( )9. I hear the tall girl wearing glasses is your new classmate. She’s from America, _____ ? A. has she B. isn’t she C. hasn’t she D. does she ( )10. I can’t remember _____ I put the book, and I need it for my homework now. A. where B. how C. what D. why 16．--Is this ____book you were talking about yesterday? --Yes，thank you very much. A．a B．all C. the D．不填 17. I asked her _____the bag because it was too expensive． A. not to buy B. to buy not C．not buying D．not buy 18．--It’s surprising that he got such a high mark! --Yes. I wonder ________ it． A．how did he do B．how he did C．why did he do D．that he did 1 9．Although you may meet some difficulties，you should never ______．A．turn up B．get up C．give up D．grow up 20．You _______ be hungry after the long walk．Help yourself to some cakes．A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．need D．must 21．--I’ve got the final Harry Potter book．
定语从句练习3
定语从句 一．单项选择定语从句的用法 1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday. A. that B. who C. whom D. this 2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. who m B. which C. who D. / A. the one B. that C. which D. / 6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. which B. that C. / D. it 7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. which B. in which C. that D. all 8. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who 9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday. A. which B. whom C. whose D. this 10. This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year. A. who B. whom C. which
语法知识—定语从句的图文答案
一、选择题 1．The foreigner teaches English in our school is from England. A．what B．which C．who 2．Do you know the girl_______ is drawing a picture? A．when B．whose C．which D．who 3．-- Class, you should be thankful to those people _______ helped and supported you. -- We will. Miss Chen. A．which B．whom C．who D．whose 4．The TV play is about a true story_______ happened in a small village a few years ago. A．what B．when C．where D．that 5．After retiring, my teacher Mr. Dai moved to the village he was born sixty years ago. A．when B．which C．where D．what 6．Mrs. Green is proud of her daughter, a nurse ______________is hard-working and looks after patients well. A．who B．whose C．whom 7．The film _____________ I like best is Frozen. A．who B．where C．which 8．Yuan Longping is a Chinese scientist __________ is leading a research to develop sea rice. A．whose B．which C．who 9．— Have you heard of the famous Huawei company? —Sure. It’s one of the greatest companies ________ make us Chinese proud. A．which B．that C．what D．who 10．A detective is someone ____________looks for clues to something important. A．whom B．who C．what D．which 11．Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut ___________went into space. A．which B．who C．whose D．whom 12．—Yesterday was my birthday. My father sent me a CD _____was made by TF Boys. —You must be very happy to receive it. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 13．-Linda, can you tell me something about Mo Yan? -Sure. He is the writer _____________won the Nobel Literature Prize. A．which B．whose C．who D．whom 14．That ________ does not kill us makes us stronger. A．that B．what C．who D．which 15．Please remember to bring the clothes_________you bought yesterday.
英语定语从句用法总结
英语定语从句用法总结 定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后关系代词的用法：1. 作主语用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如： The man we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book I bought last week? 注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。 3. 作定语用whose, 如： It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语 He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. 4. 作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be.
This is no longer the dirty place we met yesterday. 3. why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注：why时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it. + which; where = in he arrived. The office where he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why we did it. 2. 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或 宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点 状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. 3. when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导 非限制性定语从句。而why 只
(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
定语从句
一，基本用法 1,作用 （ ）2，构成（）The girl is my classmate who wears a white skirt. 3，关系词的分类 A：. 定语从句的关联词在句中起什么作用？有那几个？ 关系代词 *The man _____ came here just now is my father. * Is this the man ______ you just talked to? * This is the shop ______ sells medicine. * The film _____ we saw yesterday is interesting. * This is the boy _____ mother is a doctor. * It was a meeting ______ importance I did not realize at the time. 关系副词 * I still remember the day _____ I first came here. * This is the house _______ I lived last year. * I don’t know the reason ______ he was late. 区别： * This is the reason ______ he was late. * This is the reason _____ he gave for not coming. * This is the factory ______ I visited yesterday. * This is the factory ______ sells medicine. * This is the factory _____ TV sets are sold. 2. 有那两种定语从句？（）* Mr. Green, _____ everybody likes, is coming tomorrow. * He left me a book, ______ is very useful for me. * He was often late, _____ made his teacher very angry. * He was late again, _______ could be expected. 区别 比较下列句子： * He is the teacher ______ everybody likes. * Mr. Green, _____ everybody likes, is coming tomorrow. * I like the book ______ you gave me yesterday. * He left me a book, ______ is very useful for me.
高一英语定语从句讲解精华版
定语从句 一、基本概念： 定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week （二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
英语语法之定语从句
定语从句 1.1 定语从句的两个重要概念：先行词和关系词： 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的对象称为先行词。 关系词：重复指代先行词，起连接主句和从句的作用，并且在定语从句中充当一定成分的连接词称为关系词。关系词有两个作用： 1.代词的作用：重复指代先行词并且在定语从句中充当一定成分，比如I don’t like people who never keep their word.中的who指代people并且作从句的主语。 2.连接作用：即连接主句和从句，如上句who起着连接主句I don’t like people 和从句who never keep their word 的作用 1.2 关系词在定语从句充当的成分 在上一节中，在谈到关系词的“代词作用”时，提到它“重复指代先行词并且在定语从句中充当一定的成分”。因此接下来的分析思路是，以关系词为出发点，从两个角度来谈定语从句：一是关系词在从句中所能充当的各种不同成分；二是关系词与先行词的对应关系，即不同的先行词要由不同的关系词来指代。 1.2.1 关系词用作从句的主语 1. I like guys and they have a good sense of humor. ↓ 2. I like guys w h o have a good sense of humor. 点睛：这里的关系词who取代and they，来引导定语从句who have a good sense of humor,修饰名词guys。这个guys就是先行词。 翻译：我喜欢有幽默感的男生。 3. Anger is a thief who steals away the nice moments. 翻译：愤怒就如同一个窃贼，盗取了我们的幸福时光。 4. He who is not handsome at twenty, nor strong at thirty, nor rich at forty, nor wise at fifty, will never be handsome, rich or wise. 翻译：一个人若在20岁时不俊美，30岁不健康，40岁不富有，50岁时不明智，那么他将永远不会拥有这些。 5. There is this difference between happiness and wisdom: the person who thinks himself the happiest man really is so ; but the person who thinks himself the wisest is generally the greatest fool. 翻译：幸福与智慧区别于此：认为自己是最幸福的，他真的就是最幸福的；而认为自己是最有智慧的，他却往往是最大的傻瓜。 6. Of course I am not talking about easy-come-easy-go friendship. I’m talking about friends who care deeply about each other, who support each other, who make life worth living. 翻译：当然了，我这里所说的的友谊不是那种“来的快去的也快”的泛泛之交，而是那种彼此之间能真正互相关心的朋友，就能够互相支持的朋友，能够让你的人生更有意义的朋友。 1.2.2 关系词用作从句动词的宾语（relative pronoun as object of verb） 关系词除了像上面讨论的在定语从句中作主语外，还可以在从句中作宾语。
同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别
同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别 同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面: 1. 从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibi lity,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。如: The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性 (同位语从句) We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题 (同位语从句) Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了 (同位语从句) Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴(定语从句) The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面 (定语从句) His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习 (定语从句,代词all作先行词) 2. 从性质上区别 ? 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴如: The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的 (定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语) I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有 (同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言) The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺 (定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语) 3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别 有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句如: That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑 (同位语从句) I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事 (同位语从句) 引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替如: The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了(同位语从句,是对order 的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略)