What caused Tess’s Tragedy And How
Comment
CommentTess of the D’ubervilles---Thomas HardyThe long Tess of the D’urbervilles of Thomas Hardy is a vital of his “Character and Environmental novels.”Although the main actress, Tess is very clever, beautiful, diligent and kind, yet she was finally sentenced to hang as a victim. But why? Now I’ll analyze the reasons of her tragic fate caused by the Capitalism society at that time from 3aspects.1. Tess’s tragedy comes from society.First, Tess’s tragedy comes from society.Tess’s fate is sure to be a tragedy during the fierce conflict of human beings and environment. Tess lived in the V ictoria times when English Capitalism invaded and attacked on the villages, and then spoiled their social atmosphere. She is very clever, beautiful, diligent and kind, but as a labor, farm worker without only power and money, her social status is the lowest. She is naturally suffered from different kinds of oppression and humiliation. As the capitalism invaded, the farmers who owned a few lands and productive materials had to go bankrupt. In Tess’s family the cold horse was died by colliding of vehicles. It caused the changes of economy and life. There was no way to go, so Tess had to devote herself to Alec. Tess’s tragic fate was closely connected to her poverty.Another reason is unjust law system. In the capitalism society, the law system safeguards the profits of exploiting class and admits the power of pressing the people as a presupposition. And it’s served by the rulers.Alec was a bad young man who pretended to be a gentle man. He always protected by law, while Tess was sentenced to death. It is proved that the Capitalism society is very reactive. It also indicates that the small potatoes in lower class were not justifiably treated.The third reason is that Tess’s destruction connects to the hypocritical religion. Alec, a hypocritical figure, exposed the hypocritical religion. He is a Capitalist and upstart, and also “a lust person”. He tried to seduce Tess, but used the stories from Bible to shirk the responsibility to Tess. Later, he turned to be a person. In the Capitalism society, religion is only a tool to cheat and fool the people for the rules.The forth reason is that Tess is a victim of Capitalist hypocritical morals. Angel is a man who has Capitalist hypocritical morals. Although he is an open-minded educated youth, yet he has a deep traditional moral view in his heart. He did the wrong thing and was forgiven by Tess. But he didn’t forgive Tess who was innocent. In his heart, he thought “different people, different moral views.” He uses the traditional views to treat a woman whether she is pure or not. And he does n’t sympathize with Tess at all and he puts her in the desperation, so that it forced Tess to return back to Alec.2.Tess’s tragedy connects to her character.Tess is a new kind of woman models by Hardy. She has dual characters. She dare to against the traditional morals and hypocritical religion. On the other hand, she can’t get rid of the traditional morals. Because Tess was born in a family, she had some old morals and fatalism so that it appeared a feeble aspect when she was resisted from traditional morals. She was persecuted by secular public opinion and traditional morals and conversely she used this moral to look downupon herself and then thought that she was a criminal. She always look down upon herself and even worse, she couldn’t forget her humiliation. Tess just used a moral net by herself to tie her up.3.Tess’s tragedy is inevitable, not caused by chance and unknown fate.Tess who was born in the Capitalism, he tragic fate certainly reflected the social regular. In Hardy’s works, he was “a deep wide gap” to suggest that Tess’s tragedy is caused by the society at that time. The real reason transfers the mystery fate to the reality.On the whole, it is caused by environment and social force. She couldn’t change her tragic fate.。
Tess论文
The Pure natural flower--The tentative Analysis of Tess’s tragedyThomas Hardy is a famous critical realistic writer at the turn of the 19th century.As the industrial movement swept England in the 19th century, many farmers and agriculture workers found themselves in devastation. People lost their homes, jobs, and the simple lifestyles . Thomas Hardy was very concerned with the loss of beautiful rural land during the industrial development. His main belief system was founded upon the ideal that nature is the core of all existence .Tess of the D’Urbervilles which was published in 1891 is the most influential masterpiece of all his works . In this novel , Hardy demonstrates his deep sense of moral sympathy for England’s lower class , particularly for rural woman. Under Hardy’s pen, the heroine Tess is created as an attractive and warm-hearted pure woman, who has the quality of endurance andself-sacrifice. However, the life of this pure woman is tragic.The causes of Tess’s tragedy have been concerned all the time.Who killed Tess?What is responsible for her tragic ftate?First ,the Social Causes.Tess lives in the late 19th century, in which the cruel capitalist exploitation has ruined the English countryside severely, Wessx is not immuned from the destruction. Capitalism brings a great harm to this old, rural and agricultural life of the place.The family of Tess is no exception. Their life is so hard that Tess has to work under capitalist exploitation and oppression for many times. It is under the capitalist exploitation that Tess is seduced and ruined badly in her body.Tess lives in the Victorian era which capitalism invade the rural region. In the capitalist society, law is served for the capitalist class. Farmers are at the bottom of the society, they have never equal rights as the capitalist class. Alec ,the representative of capitalist power and violence dares to do what he desires, not only because he has money and power, but also because his evil behavior is protected by the capitalist law and rules.Obviously, she is the victim of the unjust, hypocritical law.The highest virtue of the Victorian woman is sexual purity, and adultery is the worst f all possible sins. Her dress concealed her whole body except the hands and face, and to show an ankle or a shoulder is considered improper .The sexual morals are rooted in people’s rationalminds: when either man or woman engaged in sexual lapses, the former would be forgiven, but the later would be condemned. The whole society turns against Tess .Second, the Direct Murder —Alec and the accessory —Angel Clare In the novel, as a bourgeoisie gilded youth, Alec is the vicious incarnation, directly causing Tess’s tragic life. Alec is a symbol of evil, he can escape legal sanctions , unaffected. He, who represents a larger moral principle rather than a real individual man, symbolizes the base forces of life that drive a person away from moral perfection and greatness. Therefore, it is Alec who kills Tess directly without mercy. It can be said Alec represented evil force is the direct reason to cause Tess’s tragedy, whereas the traditional ethics morality survives on Angel derivates Tess is invisible, and much severer spiritual injures. On Angel’s body, not only has the enlightened thought, but also remains the traditional moral prejudice. It is Angel who kills Tess indirectly but more cruelty. He is educated, reserved, subtle, sad, differing.He looks down on the material distinction of rank and wealth. But,on the wedding night, Tess tells him all her past with Alec, thinking that Angel would forgive her as she does, but she is deserted.Although he claims to be independent judgment opinion, once the thing is very crucial, he is still upholding the decadent bourgeois social customs and moral hypocrisy.Alec d'Urberville destroys Tess physically, while Angel Clare makes a fatal blow to Tess's mental. The loss of chastity does not kill all Tess's desire for love and hope, but Angel's desertion and her hopelessness of love for Angel make her lose courage to live. Because of her innocence and helplessness, she is seduced. But because of Clare's moral callousness, she is forced to comeback to Alec for the second time. Clare's moral callousness completely comes from the cruel social conventions and moral standards of that timeThird,the reason is Tess herself.Tess’s tragedy not only results from the external causes, but also the internal ones. And only via the internal causes, can the external causes become operative. The tragedy that rusults from the conflict between man and himself is the tragedy of character. Tess’s tragedy is the tragedy of character as well.Tess is a fresh country girl who is full of the sense of the of respnsibility for her family because of her father’s laziness and mother’s siple mindedness. The horse’s death makes her think she is responsible for this accident and she must earn money to support her poor family.On the one hand, Tess struggles bravely against her destiny and the conventional morality. She desires for happiness and true love. On the other hand, she can not completely get rid of social conventions and moral standards of the day, which makes her believe that she has to pay for what she has sinned. She yields to the arrangement of the fate. The latter is the weakness in her characterIn a word, through the above analysis, it is obvious that the poverty, Alec's wickedness, Angel's conventional ideas, Tess's character as well as Hardy's fatalism are the direct causes of Tess's tragedy. But these direct causes are deeply rooted in the cruel social environment: the impoverished peasant, the unjust law and cruel convention. So we can draw a conclusion that the social environment is the real and root cause of Tess's tragedy. Tess’s tragic fate is not only of herself, but also of the time she lives in.From the tragic story of Tess’short life, I can see in a deeper sense that it is the evil capitalism that has ruined her. Living in a society overwhelmed by capitalist Law, and religion, Tess, a poor peasant, inevitably leads a tragic life and finally goes to her collapse.No matter what happened to Tess,she is always pure in my eyes,like a Pure natural flower.。
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And In ''Wuthering'' Heights呼啸山庄中凯瑟琳"爱"的矛盾","文学" "The Destruction of the Nature of Daughter--The Root of Tess's Tragedy大自然之女的摧毁-苔丝悲剧的根源","文学""The Causes of Tess's Tragedy苔丝悲剧成因","文学""Views On Marriage In Jane Austin's Pride and Prejudice简评《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻","文学" "Dickens's Humanitarianism In A Tale of Two Cities双城记中狄更斯的人道主义","文学""Comparison between English and Chinese Taboos英汉禁忌语比较","语言学""Culture Teaching in the Language Acquisition of Middle School-Train students' Intercultural Communication Competence中学英语学习中的文化教学——培养学生的跨文化交际能力","英语教学法" "An Analysis of English and Chinese Proverbs in Intercultural Communication跨文化交际中英汉谚语浅析","语言学""Analysis of Body Language in Nonverbal Communication非言语交际中的体语分析","语言学" "Translation of Chinese Receipts and the Differences of Cookery Culture between Chinese and English-speaking Countries中餐菜谱的英译及中西饮食文化差异","翻译""Words Cultural Connotation in Translation词语文化内涵在翻译中的体现","语言学""A Comparative Study of the Cultural Differences between Chinese and English Kinship Terms英汉亲属称谓差异比较研究","语言学""On Cultural Differences and Translation of Color Words汉英色彩词的文化差异及其翻译","语言学" "Cultural Differences and Translation文化差异及其翻译","文化""On the Untranslatability due to Cultural Differences不可译现象在中英文化差异中的体现","翻译" "Extra-linguistic Context and Translation非语言语境与翻译","翻译""Comparison and Translation of Chinese and English Idioms汉英习语对比与翻译","翻译""On Translation of Chinese and English Idioms from Cultural Perceptives从文化的角度谈英汉习语的翻译","翻译""Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms And Translation中英文习语翻译中的文化差异比较","翻译""Negative Transfer of Mother Tongue in Writing","语言学"" Politeness in Cross-Cultural Business Negotiation","商务英语""A Cross-culture Comparison of Euphemism in Chinese and English英汉委婉语的跨文化比较","语言学" " On Comparisons Between Chinese and Western Food Cultures 浅谈中西饮食文化的比较","文化" "Cultural Comparison Between English and Chinese Animal Expressions 动物词语的中英文化比较","语言学""On Difference of Cultural Connotation Between Chinese and English Color Words 浅析英汉颜色词文化内涵的差异","语言学""Impact of Culture Differences on Brand Translation of Trademarks 文化差异对商标翻译的影响","翻译" "Negative Transfer of Mother Tongue in Writing母语负迁移对写作的影响","语言学"" Politeness in Cross-Cultural Business Negotiation跨文化商务谈判中的礼貌用语","商务英语"" On Comparisons Between Chinese and Western Food Cultures 浅谈中西饮食文化的比较","文化" "Cultural Comparison Between English and Chinese Animal Expressions 动物词语的中英文化比较","语言学""On Difference of Cultural Connotation Between Chinese and English Color Words 浅析英汉颜色词文化内涵的差异","语言学""On Culture and Addressing Terms in Chinese and English 汉英语言之文化及其称谓语","语言学" "Rhetorical Devices in English Poems and their Stylistic Effects 英语诗歌中的修辞手段及其文体学效果","语言学""Reflection on the English Taboo Words论英语禁忌语","语言学""On Sexism in The English Language论英语语言中的性别歧视","语言学""Cultural Context and The Translation of Metaphors文化语境和隐喻的翻译","翻译""A Pragmatic Analysis of the Relations Between the Politeness Principle and the Cooperative Principle","语言学""A Pragmatic Analysis of the Relations between the Politeness Principle and the Cooperative Principle礼貌原则与会话合作原则关系的语用分析","语言学""Communicative Approaches and its Application to Grammar Teaching交际教学法及其在语法教学中的运用","英语教学法""Understanding and Translation of Polysemous Words 多义词的理解和翻译","语言学""Conversion of Part of Speech in English-Chinese Translation 英译汉中词类的转换","翻译" "Foreignizing and Domesticating strategies in Cross-cultural Translation 跨文化翻译中的异化与归化策略","翻译""Cultural Differences in English and Chinese Idioms and Their Translation 英汉习语的文化差异及翻译","语言学""The Phenomena of the Nominal Ellipsis in EST 科技英语的名词性省略现象","语言学""Cultural Differences and Brand Translation 文化差异与商标翻译","商务英语""A Study of the Chinese-English Translation of Trademarks 浅谈商标的汉英翻译","翻译""Irony in Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》中的反讽手法","文学""The" Tragicomic" Nature of far from Madding Crowd远离尘嚣的悲喜性","文学""Tragic Consciousness in Hemingway's Work悲剧意识在海明威作品中的体现","文学""Submersion and Survival of Gatsby's Greatness盖茨比伟大精神的泯灭和残存","文学""The Opinion of Emme's Happiness爱玛的幸福观","文学""How To deal with culture-loaded words in idioms translation习语翻译中文化词的处理","翻译" "Cultural Connotation and Translation for Color Words颜色词的文化内涵与翻译","翻译""The Translation of English Loanwords into Chinese英语外来词汉化的基本途径","翻译""When in Rome do as the Romans do——On translation of Chinese trademarks into English 入乡随俗——论中文商标的英译","翻译""Cultural differences and Translation between Chinese and English Idioms汉英习语的文化差异与翻译","翻译""Foreignization In Translation in the 21st in China21世纪中国的异化翻译","翻译""The Transfer of Culture Image and of English and Chinese Idioms in Translating论英汉习语翻译中的文化意象的转化","翻译""From Realism to Idealism ━Views on Jane Austen's Attitude towards Marriage in Pride and Prejudice 从现实到理想━论简·奥斯丁在《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观","文学""Techniques employed to create mystery and suspense in Jane Eyre浅析《简·爱》中运用的神秘和悬念技巧","文学""On the Development of Jane Eyre's Rebellious and Indomitable Character简析简·爱的反抗和不屈服性格的发展过程","文学""On Jane Eyre's Contradictory Characteristics 对简·爱矛盾性格的剖析","文学""Prynne's Final Return 白兰的最后回归","文学""Tess: A Pure Woman —An Analysis of Tess'Tragic Fate 苔丝:一个纯洁的女人—对苔丝悲剧命运的分析","文学""Scarlet's Characters—American traits 思嘉的性格—美国性格","文学""on Situational English Teaching in Middle School中学英语情景教学","英语教学法""on the Application of Nonverbal Communication in English Teaching浅谈非语言交际在英语教学中的运用","英语教学法""on Strengthening Mutual Promotion between Study and Research in English Teaching关于英语教学中加强学习与研究的相互促进","英语教学法""On Body Language in English Teaching 中学英语教学中的肢体语言","英语教学法""On English PHB Idioms and Their Culture 论英语人体器官习语与其文化","语言学""Found the Teaching Situation to Create Students'Individual Character创设教学情景,培养创新能力","英语教学法""How to Promote the Effectiveness of Communicative Language Teaching in Senior English Teaching如何促进交际语言教学在高中英语教学中的有效性","英语教学法""How to Activate Students' Motivation in Middle School English Class 如何在中学英语课堂上发挥学生的能动性","英语教学法""The innovation of Junior English Assignment初中英语作业布置的改革","英语教学法""The Signification of Nonverbal Communication in English Teaching非语言交际在英语教学中的重要性","英语教学法""Application of Playing Games to Middle- school English Grammar Teaching and its Effects中学英语语法教学中游戏的运用及其效果","英语教学法""English teaching from Presentation -Practice -Production to Task-Based Learning","英语教学法" "Basic Strategy for Advertisement Translation-Target-language Oriented Strategy 广告翻译的基本策略--以目的语言为取向的翻译策略","翻译""Cultural Discrepancies in E/C Idioms and Their Translation 英汉习语的文化差异及其翻译","文化" "Lexical Rhetorical Devices in English-Chinese Translation 英汉翻译中的词义修辞格","翻译""The Criteria of the Translation of Computer English计算机英语的翻译标准","翻译" "Comprehension: A Very Important Part of Translation理解:翻译中不可或缺的一部分","翻译""The Translation of the Brand Name 商标名称的翻译","翻译""Strategies for Translationg English Slang into Chinese英语俚语汉译的技巧","翻译""Interpretation of Becky and Amelia in Vanity Fair《名利场》中蓓基和爱米丽娅的形象分析","文学" "Struggle in Nothingness——A Study of Hemingway's theme in A Farewell to Arms 虚无的抗争——《永别了武器》主题研究","文学""An Analysis of Charlotte Bronte' Character 夏洛蒂勃朗特的性格分析","文学""A Sad Melody of Female Characters in The Great Gatsby 《了不起的盖茨比》的一曲女性悲歌","文学" "Dickens's Characerization in The Pickwick Papers 狄更斯在《匹克威克外传》中的人物塑造","文学""The Manifestation of Naturalism In Sister Carrie 自然主义在《嘉莉妹妹》中的体现","文学""Reality and Dream——a Comarisom of Charlotte Bronte's and Jane Eyre's worlds 现实和梦想——夏洛蒂勃朗特和简爱世界对比","文学""On the Tragedy of Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights 论《呼啸山庄》中希斯克里夫的悲剧性","文学""A Brief Analysis of the Similarities between Madame Bovary and Tess of The D'urbervilles 浅析《包法利夫人》与《德伯家的苔丝》之相似点","文学""An Analysis of Roger Chillingworth in The Scarlet Letter 《红字》中齐灵窝斯之人物分析","文学" "Emotionality and Rationality----An Analysis of Jane Austen's Romanticism and Realism in Terms of Elizabeth's Marriage 感性与理性——从伊丽沙白看简.奥斯汀浪漫主义与现实主义并存的婚姻观","文学" "An Analysis of the Defects in Jane Eyre's Character 试析简.爱的性格缺陷","文学""The Analysis of the Characteristics of Oliver Twist 奥列佛.特威斯特之个性分析The Analysis of the Characteristics of Oliver Twist ","文学""An Analysis of the Multiple Images of Buck in The Call of the Wild 《野性的呼唤》中巴克多重形象之分析","文学""Cultural Factors in the Translation of Poems诗歌翻译中的文化因素","翻译""Cultural Differences and the Translation of Brand Names文化差异与商标翻译","翻译""Cultural Differences and Untranslatability文化差异和不可译性","翻译""Cultural Differences and Vocabulary Translation文化差异及词汇翻译","翻译""The Application of Fuzziness in the Translation翻译中的模糊语现象","翻译""Translator as Artist -Translator's Individuality in Literary Translation译者作为一位艺术家--论文学翻译中的译者个性","翻译""The Translation of Movie Titles电影名的翻译","翻译""Analysis of the Cultural Differences Between Chinese and English Address Forms 中英称谓语文化差异分析","文化""A Contrastive Study of Address in Chinese and English 中英称谓对比研究","文化""A Pragmatic Analysis of English Euphemism 英语委婉语语用分析","语言学""On the Features of Advertising English 试论广告英语的特征","商务英语""On the Cultural Differences of Color Words Between Chinese and English 论中英色彩词的文化差异","语言学""Cultural Differences and Similarities in Personal Space Between Chinese and Americans 中美交际空间的文化差异","文化""A Study of Allusions from the Perspective of ICC Competence 从跨文化交际能力角度看典故","文化" "Translating the English Verbs into Chinese 英语动词的汉译","翻译""Colour Words and the Translation 颜色词及其翻译","翻译""Domestication and Foreignization in The Book of Songs 诗经翻译的归化和异化","翻译""Cultural Comparison and Idioms Translation 文化对比与习语的翻译","翻译""Social-cultural Context and the Translator's Choice of Words ——A Comparison of Two Chinese Versions of Jane Eyre 社会文化背景和译者的选词——对简爱两种译本的比较","翻译""The Effect That Non-linguistic Context Has on Translation 非语言语境在翻译中的作用","翻译" "Cultural Gaps between English and Chinese Idioms and Their Translation 英汉习语的文化差异及其翻译","翻译""A Tentative Exploration of Second Culture in FLT 外语教学中第二文化初探","英语教学法""Words Translation between Different Cultures 不同文化中词汇的翻译","翻译""Body Language on International Communication","文化""Cultural Connotation of Animal Words and Translation 动物词汇的文化内涵与翻译","语言学""On Cultural Differences and Idiom Translation 文化差异与习语翻译","翻译""Gender Differences Reflected in Advertisement 性别差异在广告中的反映","文化""Cultural Barriers in Reading of English 英语阅读中的文化障碍","文化""The Reflection of Lawrence's Thoughts in Three Aspects On Lady Chatterly 劳伦斯三方面思想在查特莱夫人身上的反映","文学""A Brief Talk on Gothic Novel:Jane Eyre 浅谈哥特体小说《简爱》","文学""Analysis of the Characters of the Code Hero from Hemingway's Point of View of Death 从海明威的生死观的角度论述准则英雄的性格特点","文学""Symbols in The Grapes of Wrath《愤怒的葡萄》中的象征涵义","文学""Naturalism In D H Lawrence' Works劳伦斯作品中的自然主义","文学"" Analysis of the Tragic Image-Mary and her Characteristic in The Long Days' Journey into Night浅析《长日入夜行》中的悲剧人物玛丽和她的性格","文学""A Good ,Perfect Tutor and Companion of Frederic Henry-An Analysis of Catherine Barkley 《永别了,武器》中的凯瑟琳巴克莱—亨利的爱情导师和人生伴侣","文学""The Influence of the Black on the American Music 黑人对美国音乐的影响","文化""Comparing the Symbolic Meanings of Color Words in Chinese and English 英汉颜色词象征意义的比较","语言学""Afro-American Athletes Dominate Some Sports 关于美国黑人在某些体育运动上优势成因的探讨","文化""A Contrastive Study of the Connotations of Flowers in English and Chinese 英汉花卉的文化内涵比较","文化""Social and Cultural causes of Sexism in English and Chinese英汉语中性别歧视现象的文化和社会成因分析","文化""Some Women Character In David Copperfield","文学""THE SUN ALSO RISES ANG THE LOST GENERATION","文学""An Ethic Conflict between Extreme Individualism and Morality in Jack London's The Sea Wolf 杰克伦敦的《海狼》中极端个人主义与道义的冲突","文学""Hardy's Narrative Skill in Tess of the D'Urbervilles","文学""The Blood of Jesus Christ","文学""An Analysis of Scarlett's marriage分析思佳丽的婚姻","文学""The International Theme in Henry James' Works 亨利.詹姆斯作品中的国际题材","文学""On the View of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice论《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观","文学""On Hemingway Code Hero","文学""Non-correspondence in Word Meanings Due to Cultural Differences 由文化差异引起的汉英词义的非对应性","语言学""The Analysis of Bodylanguage in Inter Cultural Communication 浅析跨文化交际中的体态语","文化" "The Study of Sexism in English and Chines Language 英汉语言中性别歧视的研究","语言学" "Chiese and Westren-style Diet Cultural Differences 中西方饮食文化差异","文化""Address and Cultural Difference 称呼语言与文化差异","语言学""Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Metaphorical Expressions in Translation 英汉比喻性表达的文化差异与翻译","语言学""Discussion about the Differences of Color Words Between English and Chinese 中西方语言中有关颜色词的差异","语言学""On Translation of English Trademarks Into Chinese----On Beauty In Sense Sound And Form浅谈英文商标的汉译--意美,音美,形美","翻译""Some of the Ways to Idiom Translation 习语翻译法","翻译""Paralanguage and Literature Translation -With Reflections on the Version of Dream of Red Mansions 副语言与文学翻译--对《红楼梦》译本的思考","翻译""Methods of Translating Color Words Based on Cultural Differences between Chinese and English","翻译""Culture-gap Words and the Translation文化空缺词及其翻译","翻译""Understanding-the Key to Translation理解是翻译的关键","翻译""A Brief Talk about Two Approaches to the Translation of Metaphor浅谈隐喻翻译的两种方法","翻译" "A Glimpse of English Film Title Translation 英语电影名翻译一瞥","翻译"" THE SYMBOLISM IN WOMEN IN LOVE论恋爱中的女人》中的象征手法","文学""Humanity in Great Expectations《远大前程》中的"仁爱" ","文学""The Tragic Colour of Tess of the D'Urbervills 论《德伯家的苔丝》的悲剧色彩","文学""The Similarities between Jane Austen and Elizabeth in Her Novel Pride and Prejudice 简.奥斯丁和其小说《傲慢与偏见》中伊丽莎白的相似点","文学""To Development of Jane Eyre's Characters 论简爱性格的形成","文学""The Revenge in Wuthering Heights 论《呼啸山庄》中的复仇","文学""Study on the Pursuit of Harmonious Male-female Relationship in Sons and Lovers 《儿子和情人》中追求和谐的两性关系的研究","文学""Symbolism in Faulkner's A Rose for Emily《献给爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》中象征手法的运用","文学" "Marriage in Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻面面观","文学""Writing Techniques in Martin Eden 论《马丁.伊登》的写作手法","文学""Love Hatred and Revenge in Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》中的爱,恨与复仇","文学"" Analysis of the Protagonist's Character of Emma《爱玛》中女主角性格分析","文学""Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter《红字》中的象征意义","文学""Humanistic Spirit in Dickens's Works人文主义思想再狄更斯作品中的体现","文学""Social-cultural Differences and the Translator's Choice of Words社会文化差异与译者的选词","翻译" "The Application of Domestication and Foreignization in the Translation of Culture 文化翻译中归化与异化的应用","翻译""Cultural Differences and Untranslatability文化差异与不可译性","翻译""The Context in Relation to Translation语境与翻译","翻译"。
Hardy_and_Tess托马斯·哈代简介和作品赏析
Hardy's work refimism and sense of tragedy in human life.
The Mayor of Casterbridge
Hardy’s Major works
Poetry: 1898: Hardy published his first book of verse, Wessex Poems 1902: The Dynasts, in dramatic blank verse, was published 1914: A Changed Man and Other Tales was published
Childhood
Hardy was frail as a child, and did not start at the village school until he was 8. One year later he transferred to a new school in the county town of Dorchester. At 16 he was apprenticed to a local architect.
Thomas Hardy
(1840 － 1928)
Contents
1. Hardy’s life 2. 3. 4.
Hardy’s works Features of his novels Tess of the D’urbervilles Discussion of Tess
5.
Part I
Hardy’s life
Hardy’s Cottage
Pictures of Hardy
Marriage
First: in 1874---Emma Gifford , sister-in-law of a vicar , died in 1912
从亚里士多德的诗学鉴赏德伯家苔丝
An Analysis of Tess of the D’Urbervilles from the Perspective ofAristotle’s PoeticsThomas Hardy is one of the greatest novelists in literary history. He has created many literary classics for human beings, such as Far from the Madding Crowd, t he Major of Casterbridge,Jude the Obscure, the Return of the Native,Tess of the D’Urbervilles. Karl Weber once made the comment that “nobody would doubt that it’s his greatest novel” on Tess of the D’Urbervilles (qtd.in Zhang 2). W.P. Trent also commented that“[Tess’s] story is a tragedy-and in our opinion, is the greatest tragedy since Elizabethan area”(ibid 2).As a tragedy story,Tess of the D’Urbervilles is worthwhile to read and study.Since Tess of the D’Urbervilles is one of the classics in literary history, many scholars has made a variety of studies on it. Some researchers explain Tess’s tragedy from the feminist perspective. Some focus on Hardy’s fatalism, the tragic conflict, the characteristics of the language and features of scenes. Some try to study it from archetype criticism based on Bible. Some analyze the plot and structure as well as the narrative techniques. Some make efforts to find out Hardy’s value orientation and religious consciousness from studying the book.Although researchers has done many researches on the book, few bowfin analyze the work by applying Aristotle’s The Poetics which is concerning the techniques of writing a tragedy. Therefore, the author wants to applyThe Poetics to excavating the techniques used in Tess of the D’Urbervilles producing catharsis on readers.In The Poetics，Aristotle defines tragedy as “[T]ragedy, then, is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude” (25). He also claims tragedy can have a proper purgation for human emotions through pity and fear (25). There are six elements for a tragedy which are Plot, Character, Diction, Thought, Spectacle and Song (Aristotle,Poetics25). According to Aristotle, Plot means “the arrangements of incidents” (ibid 25), and Plot holds the first place because it is “the soul of a tragedy” (ibid 26). Character ranks at the second place and its definition is that “in virtue of which we ascribe certain qualities to agents” (ibid 25).In order to understand the catharsis brought by Tess of the D’Urbervilles, it is necessary to comprehend several conceptions. Aristotle defines catharsis as “purging of the spirit of morbid and base ideas or emotions by witnessing the playing out of such emotions or ideas on stage”(Aristotle, Works 1458). Others add that catharsis is “a release of feeling, or a kind of pleasure” (qtd.in Galgut 13). Some scholars expresses that “[K]atharsis is not an experience of the audience but a property of the play”(ibid 13). In order to make the effect of catharsis, Aristotle thinks the emotions of pity and fear are crucial for a tragedy (Poetics 25). As for the concept of pity, Aristotle in The Poetics writesthat “[P]ity is aroused by unmerited misfortune”(30). In his another work named The Art of Rhetoric, Aristotle expounds more about it. He writes that pity is a kind of emotion caused by audiences when watching that unmerited individuals suffer from destructive or poignant misfortune and imagining such misfortune may immediately happen to themselves or their relatives (97). Moreover, Aristotle adds that the emotion of pity can be aroused if the characters in the play should have a prosperity but instead they encounter adversity or the characters never have felicities in their life (Rhetoric 98). In regard to the notion of fear, according to The Poetics, fear is evoked by “the misfortune of a man like ourselves”(Aristotle 30). In The Art of Rhetoric, Aristotle details that fear is a grievous or apprehensive emotion produced by spectators when imagining that devastating or painful misfortune will soon happen to themselves (Aristotle 88). Some people add that the emotion of pity is given to the protagonists in the tragedy whereas the fear is to the audiences themselves (Zhu and Yuan 117). Thus it can be judged that pity and fear are closely related and cannot be separated from each other. Moreover, pity and fear can produce the feeling of pleasure on the condition that the spectators understand the plights in the tragedy happen to the protagonists not to themselves (Zhu 12). Such understanding “enables the distance necessary for aesthetic pleasure” (Galgut 23).According to Aristotle, a good Plot and Character can stir up theemotions of pity and fear among audiences. As the first principle, “Plot is thus central to the main function of tragedy-Katharsis” (Galgut 23). Plot, the arrangements of incidents, should obey “the law of probability or necessity”(Aristotle, Poetics27). Moreover, “Peripeteia or Reversal of the Situation, and Recognition scenes” in the plot are “the most powerful elements of emotional”(ibid 26). Furthermore, Aristotle expounds that a virtuous man should not pass from prosperity to adversity because it only shocks audience. A bad man should not experience from adversity to prosperity since it neither satisfies moral sense nor evokes pity and fear. Moreover, that an utter villain experiencing from good fortune to misfortune cannot arouse pity and fear and it merely satisfies the moral sense (ibid 30). Aristotle suggests the Peripeteia should be from prosperity to adversity and the character plays an important role in stirring up pity and fear. Aristotle in The Poetics explains that: There remains, then, the character between these two extremes,-that of a man who is not eminently good and just,-yetwhose misfortune is brought about not by vice or depravity, butby some error or frailty. He must be one who is highly renownedand prosperous,-a personage like Oedipus, Thyestes, or otherillustrious men of such families. (30)Furthermore, Aristotle details more on characters. He expounds that the protagonist should be good, proper, “true to life” and consistent (32).During the time when Tess of the D’Urbervilles was being published in instalments on a magazine, some readers wrote letters to Hardy to ask for a glad ending for Tess and expressed they would financially support Hardy (Zhang 14). These readers are deeply touched by the work and feel pitiful for Tess and fearful for themselves.Since many readers report that they have cried for Tess when reading the novel, it is necessary to have a comprehensive study on its Plot and Character according to The Poetics.A girl who is originally from a noble family and who is beautiful, hard-working and filial suffers the loss of her virginity in the Victorian age. The girl is Tess. As Hardy writes in the book, Tess originally is the offspring of “the ancient and knightly family of the d’Urbervilles, that renowned knight who came from Normandy with William the Conqueror”(3). But Tess is born in a poor family. Her father is a drunkard, her mother is a narrow-minded village woman, and her sisters and brothers are little kids. When reading at the point, most readers feel sympathetic for Tess for the daughter of a noble family changes into a country girl. Due to an accident, the old horse named Prince dies (Hardy 38). Tess shoulders the responsibility and decides to visit the fake d’Urbervilles to find a job (Hardy 39-43). Her tragedy begins at the visit. During the Victorian period, women are strictly required to preserve their chastity for men. Losing virginity equals to losing social recognition. Therefore, whenTess loses her virginity, no matter what reason she is doomed to be discriminated by the whole society. Such misfortune is not caused by her “vice or depravity”(Aristotle, Poetics30), but by her ignorance as she complains to her mother:[H]ow could I be expected to know? I was a child when I left thishouse four months ago. Why didn’t you tell me there was danger in men-folk? Why didn’t you warn me? Ladies know what to fend hands against, because they read novels that tell them of these tricks;but I never had the chance o’learning in that way, and you didn’t help me!(Hardy 114)After coming back home, Tess is condemned by the villagers in Marllot and is alienated by both men and women. Moreover, her baby dies soon after its birth. It is pitiful since a beautiful and pure-hearted girl once from the noble family is caught in the predicament due to her ignorance. Simultaneously it is fearful because such misfortune is not far away from the real life. Tess’s story is originated from Wessex, so the story can reflect the real life in society and become genuine and believable to some extent. Moreover, in daily life, it can be heard about that some maidens or ladies are forced to lose their virginity owing to their incaution or ignorance and thus they are marginalized by the society. Therefore, when readers especially women feel sympathetic for Tess, they also fear such tragedy may immediately happen to themselves or their relatives.Nevertheless, since such misfortune occurs in the novel, readers can securely appreciate the aesthetic techniques of the novel and have a feeling of pleasure, the effect of catharsis. Through the process of releasing the morbid and base emotions, audiences will finally feel relaxed.Tess leaves her hometown to a daisy which is far away from her home. Without being known of her past, Tess has a peaceful life and gradually moves to her prosperity. In the dairy, the son of a respectable parson Angel falls in love with Tess. Angel expresses his love to Tess so fiercely that spectators expect Tess will live a carefree and cheerful life with Angel. Tess finally marries to Angel, in contrast to readers’expectations, Tess does not have an envious life and she is still a Cinderella in society or even worse than her previous life. Angel cruelly abandons Tess because of Tess’s past. In fact if Tess does not confess her past to Angel, at least she can enjoy a content life for some time or forever. Stubborn as Tess is, she does not listen to her mother but chooses to be honest to Angel. Accordingly, her felicity has gone with the wind. Reading at this section, most readers bemoan Tess’s misery for her deserved happiness vanishes so quickly. Audiences wonder that had Tess not be so sincere to her husband, she would belong to a member of the first class. Except pity, fear also concurrently comes in readers’ minds. Spectators also feel terrified because they are afraid of the thing that good times do not lastlong. One of the most mournful thing is the lost felicities. Therefore, readers worry about they will lose their content life because of an accident. Nevertheless, for they are not the protagonists in Tess of the D’Urbervilles, audience can continue their appreciation of the novel and obtain the kind of pleasure brought by catharsis.Due to the disasters Tess has encountered, Tess is driven to become Alec’s lover. At the same time, Angel goes back to find Tess. When Angel asks for Tess’s forgiveness, Tess says: “It is too late” (Hardy 525). At this point, audiences suppose Tess will not stay with Angel anymore since he once was too merciless for his wife Tess. Nevertheless, another peripeteia turns out. Tess kills Alec and stays with Angel again. Such plot is surprising, but it is reasonable. Some readers express that they may should have known Tess’s final choice after all she loves Angel so deeply and hates Alec so fiercely. According to the law in Victorian time, Tess will be sentenced to death since she kills Alec. Owing to her sudden impulsion, Tess kills Alec. Because of the impulse, she has to pay for her young life. When reading at the final section, readers feel extremely grievous and even cry for Tess’s death since the good girl never enjoys her life and her life is filled with misfortune and adversities. Sudden impulsion is frightening because many individuals in daily life has done many regrettable things under their impulse. Readers thus are also terrified they may do something illegal because of their impulsion. Butsince it is Tess who is sentenced to death, readers can securely cry for Tess to release their morbid and base emotions to obtain a feeling of pleasure brought by catharsis.Aristotle originally proposes the concept of catharsis and he suggests tragedy can make the effect on readers. By an appropriate plot and character, the emotions of pity and fear can come to readers which will help to produce the effect of catharsis. With a well-constructed and single plot as well as a proper heroine in Tess of the D’Urbervilles, the tragedy has successfully make the catharsis effect. Such effect contributes to the greatness of the book..Work CitedAristotle. The Art of Rhetoric. Trans. Luo Niansheng. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House. 2005.---. The Basic Works of Aristotle. Ed. McKeon R. New York: Modern Library.2001.---. “The Poetics”. Western Literary Criticism. Ed. Robert Tindol. Galgut, Elisa. “Tragic Katharsis and Reparation: A Perspective on Aristotle’s Poetics”South African Journal of Philosophy28 (2013):13-23.Hardy, Thomas. Tess of the D’Urbervilles. Beijing: Central Compilation & Translation Press.2008.Zhang, Min. A Feminist Reading of Tess’s Tragedy in“Tess of the D’Urbervilles”. Diss. U of Sichuan Normal, Chengdu, 2013. Zhang, Ruogu, trans. Tess of the D’Urbervilles. By Thomas Hardy. Beijing: People's Literature Publishing House. 1984.Zhu, Guangqian. The Psychology of Tragedy. Hefei: Anhui Education Publishing House.1996.Zhu, Liyuan, and Yuan Xiaolin. “A Modern Analysis of Aristotle’s Catharsis”. Tianjin Social Sciences 2 (2008):117.. ..。
苔丝与海斯特悲剧命运的对比分析
Contents1. Introduction (4)2. External Factors Attributing to the Fate of the Two Heroines (5)2.1 Poor Family and Economic Condition (5)2.2 Social Backgrounds (5)2.3 Women’s Low Status (6)2.4 Two Men in Their Lives (7)3. Internal Factors Attributing to the Fate of the Two Heroines (9)3.1 Different Personalities (9)3.2 Different Attitudes toward Love (11)3.3 Different Ways of Communication (12)4. Different Ending (14)5.Conclusion (14)Bibliography (16)Acknowledgements (17)苔丝与海斯特悲剧命运的对比分析摘要苔丝·德伯和海斯特·白兰分别是哈代和霍桑作品中塑造的两个著名的女性形象。
虽然她们生活在不同的时代，不同的区域，但是两人却有着许多极其相似的地方，特别是她们的悲剧命运和起因。
她们都有着美丽的外表和纯朴善良的心；她们都是两个男人的受害者；她们都经历了痛苦、磨难、反抗和追求幸福的心灵历程。
她们的遭遇都反映了传统道德、虚伪的宗教及男权思想对妇女的压抑和摧残，她们的反抗和追求幸福的历程同样表现了女性对于平等权利和自由的追求。
她们的社会背景和经历极其相似：相似的家庭背景和经济条件，当时妇女地位的低下和两人相似的悲惨遭遇，但同时两个人在性格上又有着很大的不同，从而导致了她们最终命运截然不同。
一个是在与命运的抗争中获得了新生，另一个则在不幸的挣扎中遭到毁灭。
Tess 简介
Another spring comes
Tess lived with her ture love-Angel for 5 days after she killing Alec. She is happy during these 5 days.
The seasons change are matched with the ups and downs of Tess' fate
In such a beautiful season, Tess is a pure virgin(处女) and she lives in happiness
The weather turns cold and depression. Tess has been seduced by Alec in this season.
The causes of tragedy
1. The cruel society is the most important cause of Tess’ tragedy.
2. Tess’ family is another important reason for her tragedy.
3. At last, Tess’ own nature is also an important cause of her tragedy.
3. It is the representative work of Hardy's Wessex Novels(威塞克斯小说) and Novels of Character and Environment(性格和环境小说).
Brief introduction
The development of the story * Setting: The 1880s and 1890s,Wessex, the southwest of England * Major conflict: Tess is seduced(诱奸), and abandoned(遗弃) by the son of her upper-class patroness(女主人), making her unacceptable to her true love Angel later in life. * Rising action(起因): Tess’s family’s discovery that they are ancient English aristocracy, giving them all fantasies of a higher station in life; Tess’s accidental killing of the family horse, which drives her to seek help from the d’Urbervilles, where she is seduced and dishonored(被 侮辱).
英语专业文学德伯家的苔丝论文
从生态女性主义的角度来分析苔丝专业：英语学号：学生姓名：指导老师：摘要托马斯.哈代的小说《德伯家的苔丝》是英国以及世界文学史上的经典之作。
本文主要通过女性生态主义的角度来理解和分析这篇小说。
生态女性主义者认为，自然与女性是人类生存和发展的本源，二者均与男性相对立，而且都是资本主义工业化经济扩张过程中的受害者。
在小说中，苔丝作为哈代塑造的一位女性，身处在英国工业大肆向农村扩张的时期，同时被男性所欺凌和压迫。
同时，她身边的自然环境和生产方式的改变也体现着以男性为中心的社会对于自然界的扩张和侵犯。
因此，本文将通过生态女性主义的角度来分析《德伯家的苔丝》。
通过生态女性主义的视角分析哈代的自然观、妇女观在作品中的体现和其作品中反映的苔丝与自然的亲密关系以及在男权社会中女权主义的崛起，能给读者以一个新的角度来重新理解这部作品，与此同时，能够对生态女性主义及其发展有很好的了解。
关键词：生态女性主义；自然；工业化；男权社会Analysis of Tess of the D’urbervilles in the Light of EcofeminismAbstractThomas Hardy’s novel Tess of the D’urbervilles is a great classic work in England as well as in the world. This thesis will analysis Tess of the D’urbervilles in the light of ecofeminism. Ecofeminists argues that nature and feminist are the origin of human being’s existence and development ,the two are incompatible to men .Moreover, are the victims in the process of capitalistic industrialization and expansive male intrusion. In the novel ,Tess is a heroine created by Hardy, who was set to live in the times of industrialization approach to rural area., and bullied and oppressed by masculine. Besides ,the nature surrounding her and the modify of production style also can reflect the expansion as well as the invasion endowed by male centered world .Therefore ,this thesis will read Tess of the D’urbervilles by angel of ecofeminism. Through Analysis of Hardy’s view of nature and women in the light of ecofeminism as well as Tess’s close relationship with nature and the emergency of feminism among male chauvinism, which will give reader a new angel to understand the novel. Meanwhile ,we can have a good understanding of ecofeminism .Key Words: Tess of the D’urbervilles; Ecofeminism; Women; Nature; IndusrtilizationCONTENTS摘要 (I)Abstract (I)Chapter 1 Introduction (2)1．1 The writing background (2)1．2 The main content of Tess of the D’ubervilles (3)1．3 Literature review (4)1. 4What is new in my studyChapter 2 Ecofeminism and Its Development (5)2. 1 Definiation of specialized terms (5)2. 2 The Development of Ecofeminism (6)2. 3 Differences of social psychology ...................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
tess读后感
Tess - a poor woman with a double characterTess is the main character of Tess of the d'Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy. This novel describes her poor tragic fate which makes the readers quite sympathize with her. Her whole life is consisted of one after another tragedy and that’s why I decide to write down this article.The heroine Tess was born in a poor family and she had a little of sisters and brothers. Her parents were hawkers so they could not support a whole family’s lives. Her father always believed he was a descendant of the noble. He imagined to be a noble instead of working hard. Tess’ s mother just wanted to find a good husband for Tess in order to revive family. But Tess preferred living with her poor family to finding her rich relatives. Tess’ s parents urged her to meet the old rich women to close their relationships. At her house, she was seduced by Alec, the son of rich women, a cunning lewd guy. Tess was in shame so she left home and worked in a milk farm. At that new place, she fell in love and engaged with Angel Clare, a well-educated lovely young man. In the wedding night, she revealed her former misfortune experience to her husband, but his husband expressed that he could not forgive her because he ever thought her of a holy angel. Clare went to Brazil and Tess was abandoned just after the wedding day. Tess kept working in the farm just as before.At that time, Alec still pestered her after they met each other again. Unfortunately, her father died of heart attack, the relatives refused to rent house for them. Under the hopeless desperation, Tess had no choice but to live together with him. After several months, Claire came back from abroad and he had already forgiven his wife due to the enlighten words of others. He was surprised to find Tess living with another man. In this case, Tess painfully think Alec made her lost Angel for the second time, so she killed him angrily. She found Angel and spent last five happy days with him. In the end, she was arrested and hanged, her tragic career finally ended.Tess is a poor girl whose destiny is filled with ups and downs. Her familyconditions resulted in her inferiority character, and the surroundings could not afford her superior life, so she always did hard work in order to support her family. In this way, she is a sensitive and carefully girl who were not willing to find her rich relatives. Under the deep pressure of her parents, she embarked on the road to lament. Tess was surrounded by Alec when she working at rich relatives’ house. During the process of getting on, she was too naive to escape from his control and Alec’s desires became more and more intense. Finally, Alec made use of his employer identity and exerted his high social power to seduce and rape Tess. This is one point to show her character of cowardly. What’s more, when she met with Angel and fell in love with him, she could have many chances to reveal facts to him, but she was in the hesitate for a long time. Although she put an envelope into the door, it was hindered by the carpet. She lost the chance to reveal, so that Angel could not forgive the ripe things and finally abandoned her. That’s another point to show her weakness point. In the end, when her family was expelled from old house, she had no choice but to accept Alec’s ideas which living with his as a lover. And this also lead to her another tragedy which she killed Alec in dispirited and discouraged and finally been crushed. Actually, the cowardly points in character resulted in her poor life.On the other hand, Tess is a hesitant person. At beginning, when she came to the party where she first met with Angel, she did not grasp the chance to talk with him. So this section also indicates that she would miss him for the whole life. Furthermore, when she was ripped by Alec, she even gave birth to his baby. Although she hated him, she paid much attention to his baby. When the little baby died of illness, Tess felt sad and buried him as well as pray for him. And then, she is also a person who without enough determination. When Alec came back to find her, Tess was hesitant to know whether she will respond or not. Finally she agreed to live with him because she had to support her family. That’s why her whole life is dramatic enough and make readers sympathize with her fate. If Tess ever refused to Alec strongly, her destiny may change to another end.At the last section of whole book, Angel came back to his wife but it's really saddening for him to find out Tess was Alec’s wife. Tess believed it was Alec who cheated and destroyed her whole life. What impressed me most is she killed Alec Killhim decisively. She finally became brave for the first time, ended not his life but also her life. Although she was sentenced to death, her heart could be calm. She would He is completely free of the hateful person. In the last five days, she absolutely spent the meaningful days.Tess of the d'Urbervilles is a novel to describes how a pure, lovely and beautiful country girl was forced to pick up weapons to revenge to her enemy. It’s a piteous story which could make us think about it. Tess's tragedy is the product of the society and the tragedy of Tess is also a tragedy of the society. This novel plays an important role in British literature and everyone needs to read and study it.。
英语本科专业英美文学方向毕业论文选题参考
1. An Analysis of Hardy’s Comparisons in Tess of the d'Urbervilles浅析哈代在《德伯家的苔丝》中对比手法的运用2. The Use of Hemingway’s Iceberg Theory in The Old Man and the Sea海明威“冰山原理”在《老人与海》中的运用3. An Analysis of Alec’s Personalities in Tess of the d'Urbervilles解读《德伯家的苔丝》中阿雷克的性格4. An Interpretation of the Female Character Estella in Great Expectations《远大前程》中女性形象艾丝黛拉解读5. An Interpretation of the Female Character Miss Havisham in Great Expectations《远大前程》中女性形象郝维辛小姐解读6. The Use of Stream of Consciousness in Mrs. Dalloway浅析《达洛维夫人》中的意识流运用7. Fatalism in Tess of the d'Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy哈代的宿命论在《德伯家的苔丝》中的体现8. An Analysis of Thomas Hardy’s Attitudes towards the Heroine in Tess of the d'Urbervilles哈代对《德伯家的苔丝》中女主人公的态度解读9. An Interpretation on the Themes of the Poems Written by Emily Dickenson艾米莉·狄金森诗歌主题解读10. A Comparative Study between the Heroines’ Personalities in Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights 《简·爱》与《呼啸山庄》女主人公性格对比研究11. An Analysis on the Causes of Tess's Tragedy苔丝悲剧人生的成因分析12. An Interpretation of the 18th-cen tury English Female’s Choice of Husbands from Jane Austen’s Novels从简·奥斯丁作品解读十八世纪英国女性择偶观14. A Comparative Study of Three Chinese Versions of “Of Studies”《论学习》三种汉译本比较研究15. Translation Strategies and Techniques of Long Sentences in TEM 8英语专业八级中长句的翻译策略与技巧16. A Survey on the Status of English and American Literary Classics’ Reading of English Majors英语专业学生阅读英美文学名著状况调查17. A Survey on the Current Teaching Situation of English and American Literatures in Universities of China关于我国高校英美文学教学现状的调查报告18. A Survey on the English Majors’ Current Learning Situation of English and American Literatures in Universities of China高校英语专业学生英美文学学习现状调查报告19. A Survey on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of the Course of English and American Literatures’ Marginalizatio n英美文学课程“边缘化”现状调查与对策研究20. A Survey on the English Majors’ Use of Electronic Dictionaries in Learning English and American Literatures英语专业学生在英美文学学习中使用电子辞典情况调查分析21. An Analysis of the Writing Features of the Short Stories by O. Henry欧亨利短篇小说写作手法分析22. An Interpretation on the Themes of the Poems Written by Edgar Allan Poe爱伦坡诗歌主题解读23. An Interpretation on the Views of Nature from the Poems Written by William Wordsworth浅析华兹华斯诗歌中的自然观24. An Interpretation of the Female’s Images in Hamlet《哈姆雷特》中的女性形象解读25. An Analysis of the Male Protagonist’s Personality Development from Great Expectations《远大前程》男主人公性格发展分析26. A Comparative Study between the Two Heroines of Vanity Fair《名利场》两位女主人公比较研究27. An Analysis on the Causes of Heathcliif's Tragedy from Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》男主人公悲剧人生原因分析28. A Survey on the Status of English and American Literary Classics’ Reading of English Majors驻保高校英语专业学生阅读英美文学名著状况调查29. A Survey on the English Majors’ Current Learning Situation of English and American Literatures in Universities of China驻保高校英语专业学生英美文学学习现状调查报告30. A Survey on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of the Course of English and American Literatures’ Marginalization英美文学课程“边缘化”现状调查与对策研究31. A Survey on the Influence of Movies Adapted from Literary Works on the Current Learning Situation of English and American Literatures文学名著改编电影对改善英美文学学习现状的调研报告32. An Analysis of Symbolism in “A Rose for Emily”浅析《献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰》中的象征意义33. A Comparative Study of Three Chinese Versions of “Of Studies”《论学习》三种汉译本比较研究本文档部分内容来源于网络，如有内容侵权请告知删除，感谢您的配合！。
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What caused Tess’s Tragedy? And How?
Tess of the D’Urbervilles is one of the grestest novels of Thomas
Hardy who as a famous critical realistic writer at the turn of the 19th
century in England. The second part of the title of Tess is A Pure Woman,
to show what Hardy thought of his heroine whi is seduced, abandoned,
and finally driven to murder for which she is hang. Through it all she
remains his most lovable woman character, cruelly tormented by fate and
innocent of any intention to sin. Through the whole passage we can get to
know that Tess exprienced a kind of tragic life as the oldest child in her
family. So what caused her tragedy and how it happened from the
beginning to the end. The following text is the concrete analysis of Tess’s
tragedy.
The first factor I think is that Tess’s tragic life is caused by that
society and it’s the result of that time. Tess was a poor peasant girl who
wanted to rely on her hands to pursuit individual happiness right, but the
power forces of society can’t letting off a weak girl, in the end caused her
tragedy. In this novel, the great intense counter- religion, ant feudal moral,
counter- bourgeoisie law tendency，although meet opposition in the
English upper society, received loving of the common readers. Research
this novel can let us know the view of morality and ethic in the
hypocritical bourgeoisie in the Britains Victorian era, Tess’s tragedy is
due to the moral root of society and the stable view of women chastity in
the society which male is center.
Another important reason lies in her own weakness in character. In
actually, this was the time which she lived and her natural weakness
invested her in this poor situation. Cruel Alec and his peers are the direct
reason for her death, but it is Angel who killed her indirectly but more
cruelly. Face such a serious situation, her individuality weakness suits the
accomplice. In a word, Tess has shown a powerful womans image to
common people with her unyielding spirit of revolt. She, to the moribund
society, traditional old morals, hypocritical religion, capitalist marriage
system, has carried on the strongest revealing and criticism. Her
kindhearted enlightenment, noble emotion, strong personality, and her
resistance in imbuing all rooted in the hearts of the people forever.
Through the above analysis of Tess’s expeience and character we
can come to a conclusion that her tragedy is caused not only by the
society in her age but also by her own weakness. This novel describes a
tragic life about one beautiful and pure girl after disgrace. The article
describes the society environment, then begins to analysis of characters’
personality and religion factors open out at that time. Tess’s tragic life is
caused by that society and it’s the result of that time. Except this, it can’t
be separated from her own weakness in character, because she obviously
has the dual nature of the society character---resistance and compromise.
As a common person, Tess fought with the society helplessly. In the end,
she turned out to be the sacrificial victim of society like all other things
which disobey the morality and ethic.