重点院校历年考博英语试题

重点院校考博历年真题和答案解析

北京大学

2005年博士研究生入学考试试题

考试科目：英语

考试时间：2005年3月

研究方向：各研究方向

招收专业：全校各专业

Part Two: Structure and Written Expression

Directions:In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(20%)

41.That Pacific is land attracts shoals of tourists with its rich____of folk arts.

A. heritage

B. heredity

C.heroism

D.hermitage

42.As for the missing funds,the company manager,when demandd to give an explanation,could not even come up with a______one.

A.plaintive

B.pervasive

C.perpetual

D.plausible

43.The government’s policies in the past five years have shown a(n)______in emphasizing the necessity of improving the peasants’livelihood.

A.exaltation

B.coherence

C.agony

D.behavior

44.The Chinese world diving champion was______from the national team, which news has

been front-page report in the country for several days.

A.displayed

B.dispersed

C.disarmed

D.dismissed

45.Acomet is distinguished from other bodies in the solar system______.

A.into its appearance

B.off its appearance

C.by its appearance

D.to its appearance

46.______of the Pennsylvania Gazette, Benjamin Franklin tried hard to make the periodical popular.

A.As owner and editor

B.While was owner and editor

C.Having being owner and edotor

D.To be owner and editor

47.______the First World War.the United States became the dominant force in the

motion-picture industry.

A.It was during the advent under

B.With the advent of

C.To follow the advent in

D.Upon the advent at

48.He had no alternative but______to fight in the Middle East.

A.to go

B.go

C.going

D.went

49.Shall we request that the manager______our suggestion again?

A.consider

B.considers

C.should consider

D.must consider

50.He has little trouble______the tires of his car.

A.to fix

B.fix

C.fixing

D.with fixing

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力第1页

51.John wishes now that he______the Spring Festival at home.

A.spent

B.had spent

C.has spent

D.did spend

52.The hostess______the maid______the table for dinner while we arrived after a three-hour drive from the town.

A.told,to make

B.was telling,to do

C.told,to lay

D.was telling,to set

53.Mrs.James______a divorce from her husband,for she can no longer______his stormy temper.

A.is seeking,put up with

B.seeks,put down with

C.is seeking,put up for

D.seeks,pu down for

54.Before she could shout“look______”to the old man, he was run______by a car coining

from his left.

A.back,on

B.out,over

C.up,down

D.ahead,at

55.In the north of the country,the sun always shines______the vast prairie land in summer.

A.brightly on

B.bright on

C.bright in

D.brightly in

56.That grand-sized pine tree______thehorizon.

A.stands up well against

B.stands put good to

C.stands out well agaist

D.stands up good to

57.“The effect of this medicine______by midnight,”the doctor told Emma“You had better not try to read tonight.”

A.will wear off

B.wears off

C.wil have worn off

D.will be worn off

58.______,the guest spealer was ushered into the auditorium hall to give the lecture.

A.Being shown around the campus

B.Having shown to the campus

C.After been shown around thecampus

D.Having been shown around the campus

59.The new computer virus______,the system was restored to its normal operation.

A.having removed

B.being removed

C.had been removed

D.was removed

60.Surveys show that______less sleep than we think,______too much sleep could even harm

our health.

A.not only do we need,but that

B.not only we need,but also

C.not only we need, but that

D.not only do we need,but also

Part Three:Redaing Comprehension

1. Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by sme questions.For each question

four answers are given.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer th each question.Pat your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10%)

Passage One

Clee Phone Hegemony

I recall how annoying it was years ago when smoking everywhere was legal in California. Many complained about the restrictions when they arrived, but I didn't, because I seriously hated watching shoppers smoking through the tomatoes and lettuce in the vegetable section of the store.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力第2页

People forget how sickening that used to be, especially with the butts all over the grocery store floor.Tossing a burning smoke on the ground stomping it with your foot and leaving it to be swept up by somebody else later was somehow OK.

But laws were passed. and you could finally shop without having to buy broccoli while gagging on a nearby Winston

Grocery stores are now filled with drips Talking on cell phones about their sisters.I believe these obnoxious chatterers are all rebellious smokers getting back at us. This is worse than smoking! How did these phones come to dominate our lives like this. and does anyone even try to Resist?

Ceil phones now rule the world's collective unconscious in untold ways What astonishes me about all this is the sociology that has crept up on us. Why do we have this incessant need to chat on cell phones all day long? Test out this thesis. Make a note of a friend who calls you from both a cell phone and a land-line at different times. Time the calls and note the content. The cell

phone calls will always be longer and more inane--- without exceptions!

61.In the secind sentence of the first paragraph the pronoun they“in when they arrive”refers

to______.

A.restrictions

B.shoppers

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,plaints

D.people

62.In the third paragraph,“gagging on a nearb Winston”means______.

A.near the broccoli counter m the shop was the counter that sold cigarettes

B.while buying vegetables,one very often inhaled cigarette smoke in the shop

C.there were many people in the shop who were smoking Winston brand cigarettes

D.years ago, the majority of the shoppers smoked when buying things

63.According to the 4th paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.People like to talk in grocery stores endlesly about their sisters and family matters.

B.The obnoxious users of cell phone in public places remind us of the smokers in grocery

stores years ago.

C.Smokers were angry when laws were passed to forbid smoking in groceries and they now

talked loudly in the shops on cell phone to rebel and revenge.

D.People who now talk incessantly on cell phone in grocery stores are those who liked to

Smoke there before.

64.What do you think is the water’s purpose in writing this passage?

A.To tell the reader that the yse of cell phones is as bad as smoking.

B.To call for a ban on the yse of cell phones in the public.

C.To emphasize the immoral effect of the cell phone on our conscioysness.

D.To draw public attention to the problems caused by the use of cell phones.

Passage Two

English as a World Language

English is a victim of ots own success. Newspapers in England have noticed that the incorrect use of cliches are marring the smooth flow of a great language whose ability to imbibe and absorb

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力第3页

has been one important reason for its success. This success also stems from the language’s unique position of being the only one spoken in most parts of the world. Really, English has no boundaries Even in countries such as Japan and China. Which were not colonized by Britain, English is making a determined“conquest”.

Unfortunately such a conquest is not always welcome because a language sometimes doubles as a political weapon. In fact, it has always led a troubled life. It has been disliked, even hated, largely because the people who originally spoke English conquered, colonized and terrorized half the world, or just about. The animosity to the language continues, at least in some pkaces. The bitterness that the French. For instance have for English is a good example of a language being given a quasi-political role in society.

Fortunately this aversion does not tun as deep as it dld some years ago. And there is a growing realization that English is the lingua franca. Many nations such as China and Janpan have veen making serious efforts to promote the language.

But there might be a serious problem if every state or continent were to have its own version of English. As is pointed out by the newspapers of England with too many variations of the language

A time may come when one group pf English-speaking people may not be able to understand Anpther. This is happening Hear the way Singaporeans speak English. Listen to the Ausralians pronouncing “e”:it sounds like“a”. And very possibly in the future nobody will try to correct school boys and girls for getting their English wrong.

65.In this passage, the success of English refers to the fact that______.

A.it has become the most widely used language in the world

B. it has made a conquest in Japan and China, which were not colonized by Brkain

C. it has beaten other languages such as French

D. each state or continent has its own version of English

66. The bitterness of the French people toward the English language shows______.

A.what a political role languages can.play in society

B. how people can attach political significance to which language they speak

C. languages in fact always fail to play a political role in society

D. some people like to give languages roles to play

67. In the future, nobody will try to correct children when they speak wrong English, because

A. people all want to promote the [earring of English

B. English will change to be that spoken by Singaporeans and Australians

C. people will not be able to understand each other

D. too many versions of English will make it impossible to tell what is correct English

Passage Three

Affluenza

For many people, economic growth and an increase in possessions are signs of progress, but for anti-consumer groups overconsumption and materialism are sicknesses. A recent Public Broadcasting Service corned the term affluenza, which describes consumption of material goods

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力第4页

in a strongly negative way.

Af-flu-en-za (noun) combines two words: affluence and fluenza. According to anti-consumer and environmental fights organizations, the high consumption life styles of affluence cause people to be less happy even though they are acquiring more "things". The major negative effect on the environment is that overconsumption is depleting the world's natural resources, anti-consumer groups argue. Furthermote,the groups observe that an artificial ongoing and insatiable quest for things and the money to buy them has replaced the normal desire for an adequate supply of life's necessities, community life a stable family and healthy relationships. For example today's families are replacing items much more frequently than in the past. Many Americans now treat clothing as "'disposable". discarding clothes when fashion changes, and creating a boom in thrift stores, and yard sales. The U.S.A.'s largest export is now used clothes. About 2.5million tons of unfashionable old clothes and rags are sold to Third World countries every year.

68. A coined word is a word that______.

A. combines two words together

B. is often made by putting words or parts of words together

C. is made in the way coins are produced

D. gives an old world a new meaning

69. In the word "affluenza" is implied the meaning that______.

A. too much money is a disaster

B. a life of affluence is like a fluenza

C. overconsumption is like an epidemic brought by affluence

D. affluence is a negative thing

70. According to this passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Consuming insatiably wilt hasten the exhaustion of natural resources.

B. A superficial pursuit of material things will bring problems to family relationships.

C.One positive thing about overconsumption of Americans is that large exports of used clothes are

sent to Third World countries.

D. Americans nowadays are replacing their cars. TV sets and furniture very frequently.

Ⅱ.Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English

the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (15%)

America Loses a Great Public Thinker

Arthur Miller's death last week meant more than the loss of an outstanding playwright. It was

the loss of a great public thinker who believed strongly that the essence of America--its greatness was in its promises. (71) Miller knew what ignorance and fear and the madness of crowds. especially when exploited by sinister leadership could do to those promises. (72)His greatest concerns.“were with the moral corruption brought on by bending one’s ideals to society’s dictates. buying into the values of a group when they cinflict with the voice of personal conscience.”(73) The individual in Miller’s view had an abiding moral responsibility for his or her own behavior.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力第5页

and for the behavior of society as a whole. He said that “I felt that as improbable as it might seem there were moments when an individual conscience was all that could keep a world from falling.” Miller saw some of the differences in two sharply defined eras: the Depression-wracked

1930s and the prosperous postwar 1950s. It was perhaps around 1936. people who used to mind no polities began thinking for the first time of common action as a way out of their impossible conditions. (74) By the early 50s the agony of the Depression was gone. McCarthvism was in flower. After the 50"s. however Amerieans became more practical and pragmatic. The dean of the University of Michigan was complaining that his students' highest goal was to fit in with corporate America rather than to separate truth from fahehood.(75)“They become experts at grade-getting but there’s less speculating about the wrongs of the world and ldeal solutions something no employer was interested in” Now Miller is gone. and if we are not wise enough to pay attention his uncomfortable truths will die with him.

Part Four: Cloze Test

Directions: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%) Superstition is a difficult question. We cannot quite say that superstition in Britain is dead. Its history is both 76 long and too recent for that and indeed you will find many relics of it in modern Britain. But they are only relics connected chiefly with vague notions of good luck and

77 luck It is unlucky for instance to walk under a ladder or to spill salt or break a mirror

or to have 78 to do with number 13 whereas a horseshoe brings good ___79 ,and people jokingly touch wood 80 prevent the return of a past misfortune. There are still many strange country remedies against sickness 81 are obviously superstitious. But the real measure of superstition is fear In this 82 there is no superstition in Britain. British people as a whole do 83 believe in evil influences or evil spirits. Sichness and misfortune are not the 84 _of wichcraft but of dirt or chance or foolishness or inefficiency Witches belong85___to history books.

Part Five: Proofreading

Directions: This part consists of a short passage in this passage, there are altogether 10 Mistakes one in each numbered and underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out with a slash (\) and write the correct word near it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (\). Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10%)

Examples:

eg. 1 (86) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.

Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET: (86) begun began

eg. 2(87) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.

Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET: (87) (Scarcely) had (they)

eg. 3(88)Never will I not do it again.

Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET: (88) not

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力第6页

(86) Each day 50.000 shiny fire-engine-red Gala apples work the wy through a sprawling factory in Swedesboro. N.J.(87)Inside.26 machines wash them core them peel them seed them

slice them chill them. At the end of the line, (88) they are dunked in a slution of calcium ascorbate and now deposited into little gren bags featuring a jogging Ronald McDonald.From

there (89) the bags make their way in refrigerated trucks to refrigerated containers in distribution centers and then to thousand of McDonald’s restaurants up and down the Eastern Seaboard.(90)

No more than 14 days before leaving the plant the fruit will take the place of Frenche fries in some

child’s Happy Meal.

The apple slices called Apple Dippers are a symbol of how McDonald’s is trying to offer healthier food to its customers (91) and to answer the many critics who contend that most of its menu is poor nutritional quality.(92)McDonald’s has also not introduced a variety of＂premium＂salads which will soon be joined by a salad of grapes walnuts-and of course apples.

(93)Yet it still remains to be seen these new offerings will assuage the concerns of public

health officials and pther critics of McDonald’s highly processed fat-and calorie-laden sandwiches drinks and fries.(94)So far however they have not-at least not have entirely. But this much is already clear:just as its staple meals of burger and fries have made McDonald’s the largest single buyer of beef and potatoes in the country.(95) its new focus on fresh fruits and vegetables is making the company a minor player in $80 billion American produce industry.

Part Six: Writing

Directions: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below.

And write the composition on the ANSWER SHEET. (15%)

Topics:Is English Language Teacheing Overemphasized in Chineses Education?

北京大学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题参考答案

试题详解

Part two Structure and Written expression

41.A heritage 传统遗产 heredity 遗传，形质遗传 heroism 英雄主义 hermitage 偏僻的寺院

42.D plaintive 悲哀的，哀伤的 pervasive 颠倒的，曲解的 perpetual 永久的 plausible 似是而非的

43.B exaltation 提升，提高 coherence 一致 agony 苦恼 behavior 举止，行为

44.D displayed 显示的 dispersed 被驱散的 disarmed 解除武装的 dismissed 使（或让）离开

45.C distinguish from sb/sth by sth 由于…显得和…不同

46.A As owner and editor of the Pennysylvania Gazette 在句中作 Benjamin Franklin 的同位语

47.B With the advent of 随着…的到来，在句首做状语

48.A have no alternative but to do 固定用法，别无选择，只能做某事

49.A 选项 A consider 前省略了 should

50.C have trouble doing sth 做某事有困难，固定用法

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力第7页

51.B 虚拟语气，用完成时表希望

52.D tell sb to do sth 叫某人去做某事；表示一个动作发生时正在进行的动作应该用-ing 形式

53.A put up with 容忍，此处最和题意，因为无法容忍丈夫的脾气故而寻求离婚

54.B look out 小心；run down 撞倒，撞翻

55.A 副词 brightly 在此处修饰动词shine, shine on the prairie 照在草原上

56.C stand up against 抵抗，反对，同…对抗 stand out to sth 无次搭配 stand out against sth 突出，显眼stand up to sth 经得起磨损

57.B 一般现在时表示普遍规律

58.D be shown around the campus 这一动作发生在was ushered in to the auditorium hall 之前，故应用完成时的被动语态

59.B the new computer virus being removed 在句子中是独立主格结构，从全局的意思来看是病毒被清除，故应用被动态

60.A not only…but also…为固定搭配，此处应用倒装，此处but 后面接的是句子，故而用that 连接

Part three Reading comprehension

Passage one

61.A 以前没有法律禁止在公共场所吸烟，当各种限制出现后，有些人对此颇有微词，可见they 此处所指为 restrictions

62.B Winston 指的是英国首相丘吉尔，其形象就是不停的吸雪茄，此处将周围的吸烟者比作丘吉尔，颇为形象

63.B 从文中可看出，如今到处都是用手机闲聊的人，此情景颇似以往的吸烟者所带来的困

扰

64.D 作者只是对用手机闲聊的情况感到不满和震惊，而其他人却不以为意，因此他的主要

意图是想通过文章引起人们的注意

Passage two

65.A 第一段中已指明原因，即使是英国未曾殖民的地方，English is making a determined conquest 英语作为一种语言得到了广泛的应用

66.B 第二段中道出了原委，操英语的人在征服世界过程中取得了比法国人大得多的胜利，

因此法国人对英国乃至英语颇有敌意，并人为地赋予政治意义

67.D 第四段第一句指出，太多版本的英语会带来大麻烦，说英语的人可能互相听不懂，以致人们不清楚哪种英语才是正统，因而不再去纠正孩子们讲英语时的错误了

Passage three

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力第8页

68.B coined word 此处指的是以前不存在，人为地生在出来的词，四个选项中B与之最为相近，将词或词的一部分结合在一起组成新的词，并赋予之新的意义

69.C 第二段第一句，affluenza 含有affluence 富足，和fluenza流感之意，体现了太过富足会带来如同流行性疾病一般的后果

70.C 将不用的衣物卖到第三世界国家这一行为绝对不是什么光彩的事，在文中也未对此大加褒扬

ⅡDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then explain the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts

71 As a great Miller understood what kind of damage the ignorance, fear and the madness

of crowds would do to the essence of America. if evil leaders take advantage of them.

72 What he worried about is that if individual are forced by society to sacrifice their dreams and cater to the tastes of masses, which run against personal conscience, the moral would deteriorate.

73 Miller held the idea that the moral of individual influences not only his or her own behavior.

but also that of the society

74 In 1950s the shadow of the Depression was left. But McCarthyism--a hostile attitude toward anything that's "red" or "'communist", was in its full swins.

75 Those students are good at getting high scores, but they seldom think about the problems this world is facing and the way to solve them, which is no boss's business.

Part four Cloze test

76 too 77 bad 78 anything 79 luck 80 to 81 which 82 sense 83 not 84 result 85 only

Part five Proofreading

86 (work the way) out (through)

87 and (chill them)

88 now deposited into----then deposited into

89 thousand of---------------thousands of

90 before leaving the plant----after leaving the plant

91 (is) of (poor nutritional quality)

92 has also not introduced----------has also introduced

93 how (these new offerings)

94 So far. however they have not------------So far they have not

95 a minor player-------------a major player

Part six Writing

Is English language teaching overemphasized in Chinese education?

After more than 20 years of speedy development China has made great achievement in almost

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力第9页

every aspects especially in foreign trades. At the very beginning, language barriers hindered the scale and volume of foreign trades and even brought about many disputes and losses. As the result. the proportion of foreign language teaching especially English in China's educational system has increased annually.

Concerned about our large population and the education degree people received we find that the number of those who can understand English is relatively small let alone those who can speak fluent English. So from this point combined with my own experience I think our emphasis on English language teaching is very necessary and it's far from enough.

For example most of college students, if they're not majored in English, can barely organize very simple sentences and their listening comprelrension is very poor. Most of the time, they can only say "'hello" when they encounter a native English speaker. And one of the reasons that caused this situation is that teachers used to apply more Chinese rather than English in the class. Besides students after class seldom practice English. so their chance of touching English is too rare. And

the situation is far from being ameliorated. As a result, the English standard of students is very low.

Now the situation is undergoing slow improvement as many graduates who studied abroad now became college English teachers. With their hardworking, English language teaching has made progress. But we are still far from achieving our aim of bringing up enough studehts fluent in foreign languages.

So, I think English language teaching in Chinese education is not overemphasized. On the contrary it should be more strengthened.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力第10页

2004年人民大学博士生入学考试英语试题

客观题部分

请用铅笔将此部分试题的答案填涂在答题卡上，否则无效！

II. Vocabulary (10 points)

PartA (5 points)

Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices

marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes the

sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across

the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Example:

She prefers foreign wine to that produced__

A. previously

B. vLrtually

C. primarily

D. domestically

The sentence should read,; "She prefers foreign wine to that produce

domesticany." Therefore, you should choose D.

Sample Answer

[A] [B] [C] [D]

1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__ patriotism.

A. obsolete

B. aggressive

C. harmonious

D. amiable

Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts.

A. dilemmas

B. countenances

C. concessions

D. junctions

3. People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.

A. strive

B. ascertain

C. justify

D. adhere

4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife ______for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.

A. conservation

B. maintenance

C. storage

D. reserve

5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence_______ a breathtaking 15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.

A. soared

B. mutated

C. plummeted

D. fluctuated

6. Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.

A. genius

B. virus

C. disease

D. bacteria

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力第11页

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第12页

7. The_______ emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form of competition in schools.

A. negligent

B. edible

C. fabulous

D. disproportionate

8. The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his grandparents lived.

A. reconciled

B. consolidated

C. deteriorated

D. attributed

9. During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to practice his Chinese.

A. passed on

B. passed up

C. passed by

D. passed out

10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be distributed.

A. paradoxes

B. legacies

C. platitudes

D. analogies

Part B (5 points)

Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase

underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and

D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part.

Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square

bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.

Example:

The secretary is Very competent; she can finish all these letters within one hour.

A. careful

B. industrious

C. clever

D. capable

In this sentence, "competent" is closest -;n m e:zting to "capable". Therefore

you should choose D.

Sample Answer

[A] [B] [C] [D]

11. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or

taking care of the baby.

A. depict

B. advocate

C. criticize

D. analyze

12,. They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.

A.confirm

B. achieve

C.match D exaggerate 13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump. for those toxic industrial wastes.

A. imminent

B. recyclable

C. smelly

D. poisonous 14. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would nor be fired without

an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction.

A. allies

B. delegates

C. voters

D. juries

15. The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and our own retirement security is ,chilling.

A. frightening

B. promising

C. freezing

D. revealing

16. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.

A. secret plan

B. bold attack

C. clever design

D. joint effort

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第13页 17. Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does

considerable justice to a full range of different beorefical and political positions.

A. trustworthy

B. intelligent

C. diligent

D. meticulous 18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women being raped or wanton

violence against civilians in the region.

A. intriguing

B. exasperating

C. demonstrative

D. unprovoked

19. The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for .nocturnal

raids in the forest.

A. illegal

B. night-time

C. brutal

D. abusive 20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the

limelight.

A. mercurial

B. gallant

C. ardent

D. frugal

III. Cloze (10 points)

Directions : Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on Answer Sheet I.

Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full- time passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates ___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet. Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming too long and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time on Yahoo.

During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designed

to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to use the service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community. They developed customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit material ___32___ on the Intemet. The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for "Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle". but Filo and Yang insist they selected the ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo? itself first

___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, "akebono", while the search engine was ___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, "Konishiki".

In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files ___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape. As a result Stanford's computer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc. Today, Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.

21. A. became B. grew C. turn D. intend

22. A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned

23. A. in B. on C. about D. for

24. A. touch B. contact C. track D. record

25. A. founded B. found C. argued D. reported

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第14页

26. A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D. invaluable

27. A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted

28. A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluate

29. A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerly

30. A. relative B. interactive C.bound D. contacted

31. A. fluently B. efficiently C.exactly D. actually

32. A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D.stored

33. A. about B. bound C. going D. supposed

34. A. fable B. model C. name D. brand

35. A. supported B. resided C. lived D. launched

36. A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked

37. A. over B, away C. inside D. beneath

38. A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. bidden

39. A. average B. normal C.ordinary D. equal

40. A. attains B.detains C. maintains D. contains

IV. Reading Comprehension (20 points)

Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choices

marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark

the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the

ANSWER SHEET.

Passage 1

Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break babies.

One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young children spend on

academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often result. To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity.

The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements awkward and they lack free motor coordination. The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills.

The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can remove the students from the

classroom,give them a large stack of paper, and tell them to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.

Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.

The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and read them while in the center. Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.

In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs students and raise their interest in the course.

41. The purpose of this passage is to___

A. inform

B. persuade

C. debate

D. narrate

42. Guthrie identified three methods for__

A. educating students

B. altering bad habits

C. avoiding undesired action

D. forming good hobbies

43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold

method?

A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the child enjoys over time so

that the child will not refuse to eat it.

B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young children and gradually

increase session length but not to where students become frustrated or bored.

C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is introduced step by

step to help children learn printing and handwriting.

D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his parents in order to change

his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.

44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing,

painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over time. watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snac 'king. What method is used in this example?

A. The threshold method.

B. The fatigue method.

C. The incompatible response method.

D. The punishment method.

45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that

A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted response repeatedly in

presence of stimulus until he or she becomes exhausted

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力第15页

B. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a response incompatible

with the undesired response so they can not be performed simultaneously

C. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde into avoiding it by

introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes a cue for not performing it

D. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child make response

incompatible with unwanted response

Passage 2

The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.

Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results .

Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.

General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market. "Nova" is Latin for new (star)" and means "star" in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like "no va", meaning "it doesn't go". Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales

picked up" dramatically.

Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies.One American food company's friendly "Jolly Green Giant" (for advertising ,egetables) became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as "Intimidating Green Ogre".

When translated into German Pepsi's popular slogan, "Come Alive with Pepsi" came out implying "Come Alive from the Grave". No wonder customers in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi.

Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good translations--,-other aspects of culture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blunders.

When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.

For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new perfume into the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The main reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.

Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.

The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called "back translation" to reduce the possibility of blunders.

The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力第16页

because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.

In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be shot and simple.

They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.

46. The best title of this passage might be __ .

A. Culture Is Very Important ia Advertishag

B. Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations

C. Overcome Cultural Shock in Different Countries

D. Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles

47. What does the word "blunder" mean in this passage?

A. hesitation

B. mistake

C. stutter

D. default

48. Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from

Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6?

A. Cultural shocks

B. Faulty translations

C. Avoid cultural oversights

D. Prevent blunders

49. We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word "ca " most

probably mean____

A. an animal used in perfume for its smell

B. a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funerals

C. a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funerals

D. an nrnament used in prefume and at funerals

50. One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to___

A.fire the translators who don't know the target language.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,e the technique called "literal translation" to reduce the possibility of

blunders

C. avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokes

D. explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries

Passage 3

It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires are now commonplace.

Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about . His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of .his company and the industry .so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very top - and on the way up - executives are exceedingly dedicated.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力第17页

The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields.

Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful

socializing.

These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to "keep the old heart in shape" and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running. But his doctor's admonition to "take it easy" falls on deaf eyes. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.

Corporate head-hunting, carried on by "executive search fares," is a growing industry. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other's managerial ranks.

51. We can infer from the second paragraph that___

A. promotion depends on amiability

B. chief executives do not work hard enough at the top level

C. it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his subordinates

D. a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the industry

52. The term "aerobic exercise" (fa'st line in second last paragraph) is a kind Of

____

A. hallucination exercise

B. physical exercise

C. meditation exercise

D. entertainment

53. From the last paragraph we can gather that ____

A. there are too many aggressive executives

B. individual talent is not essential for a company

C. the job of an "executive search rum" is corporate head-hunting

D. it is not common for companies to undermine each other's managerial

ranks

54. For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a pl where

________

A. they can conduct their business

B. they can indulge themselves

C. they can cultivate their mind

D. they can exercise as well as socialize

55. What is NOT tree according to the article?

A. Executives tend to ignore doctors' advice and warnings.

B. Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力第18页

C. All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.

D. Executives are careful of what they eat.

Passage 4

In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together withsome of his fanatical followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society Which he had founded in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japan's Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech. Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional govemment imposed by the United States that had, in his words, "turned Japan spineless." Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to the general's office and there, before the general's unbelieving eyes, proceeded to kill himself in strict accordance with the tradifonal samurai ritual of seppuku. After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into his left abdomen, one of his aides severed his head with a sword. The aide likewise 'killed himself and was beheaded; the others surrendered.

In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive re,me of General Tojo that was to stage the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. That earlier revolt is the one referred to in "Patriotism," one of Mishima's most powerful stories. Here life and fiction become joined. The act of seppuku was for Mishima a fulfdlment, "the ultimate dream of my life." Bom of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a hero's death in accordance with the ancient samurai code; but his weak body kept him from service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building (he became expert at karate and kendo) and, most important, through the discipline writing. In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays, many essays, and more than eighty stories: he also produced, directed, and acted in movies, and even sang on stage. His first book of stories, A Forest in Flower, appeared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask (1948), dealing with the meditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, that brought him fame.

Mishima has been called "Japan's Hemingway," while others have compared him to "aesthetic" writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde.

56. The article implies that

A. Mishima refused to join the army when he was young

B. Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writer

C. Mishima is a person who'is hard m define

D. Critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer

57. The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was

A. Fo capture the commanding genera!

B. to urge the government to declare a war against America

C. to incite the soldiers to rebel against the Constitutional govemment

D. to force the Emperor to give up the throne

58. In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima____

A. was web received by the soldiers

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力第19页

B, was laughed at by the soldiers

C. impressed the commanding general

D, left a deep impression tO the soldiers

59. What IS true according to article?

A. The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a hero's death.

B. The general was greatly taken aback by Mishima's suicide attemnpt

C. Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima's speech.

D. one of Mishima's aides was killed by the soldiers.

60. Mishima became a well-known writer after he had ___

A, written "Patriotism", one of his most powerful stories

B. written eighty short stories

C. published "A Forest in Flower"

D. published "Confession of a Mask"

主观题部分

请用钢笔或圆珠笔将此部分试题的答案做在答题纸二上，否则无效！

V. Translation (20 points)

Fart A. (10 points)

Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese on your ANSWER

SHEET.

One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of

loss. The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the

economy. Buying a commodity or stock in the belief that prices will rise speeds

market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers. If the price

change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the

fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden. Remedial supply

action could not be further delayed. Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in

some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some

extent before the SurpluS actually occurs. When speculators foresee a shortage

and bid up the price, they are also helphng to conserve the present supply. As

the price goes up,less of the commodity is purchased; a rise in price

encourages users to ecor, om2ze. Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users

to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.

Part B. (10 points)

Directions: Translate the following into EngIish on your ANSWER SHEET.

中国已经发层成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国

和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中

获得了丰厚的回报。我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活

动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。在中国的投资活动一

定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁，促进中国

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c99475023.html,

智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力第20页