中级口译翻译教程(英翻中)[1].
中级口译--翻译教程第3单元PARTONE
中级口译--翻译教程第3单元PARTONE中级口译--翻译教程第3单元PART ONEUnit three3.1.1 翻译练习A Mixed Economy：the United States SystemThe economic system of the United States is principally privately owned. This system is often referred to as the "free enterprise system" and can be contrasted to a socialist economy, which depends heavily on government planning and on public ownership of the means of production. It should be noted that although the United States operates a system of private enterprise, government has to some extent always been involved in regulating and guiding the American economy. Yet despite this history of government intervention, individuals in the United States have always been able to choose for whom they will work and what they will buy. Most important, they vote for officials who will set economic policy. Traditionally, the system has been referred to as a "market economy". Now decisions are made by three groups and it is their dynamic interaction that makes the economy function. Consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis,the primary force being between producers and consumers; hence the market economy designation.Consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell. Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote the public security, assure fair competition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises. Some of these public servicesinclude education, the postal (but not the telephone) service, the road system, social statistical reporting and, of course, national defense.In the United States most people are simultaneously consumers and producers；they are also voters who help influence the decisions of the government. The mixture among consumers, producers and government changes constantly, making a dynamic rather than a static economy. In the last decade consumers have made their concern known and government has responded by creating agencies to protect consumer interests and promote the general public welfare. In another development, the population and the labor force have moved dramatically from farms to cities, from the fields to the factories, and above all to service industries, thus providing more personal and public services. In today's economy these providers of services far outnumber producers of agricultural and manufactured goods.Generally, there are three kinds of businesses: (1) those started and managed personally by single owners or single entrepreneurs; (2) the partnership where two or more people share the risks and rewards of a business, and (3) the corporation where shareholders as ownerscan buy and sell their shares at any time on the open market. This latter structure, by far the most important, permits the amassing of large sums of money by combining investment of many people, making possible large-scale enterprises.。
中级口译翻译篇第一讲PPT课件
• 与某人有一面之缘 • happen to have met sb. once
• 有缘结识某人 • be lucky to get acquainted with sb.
缘
• 我在班里有人缘。 • I am popular with my classmates.
• 聊得投缘 • talk congenially
第一讲：语义翻译
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一词多义
• “No context, no text.was a girl with good manners. • 举止得体 • These were labeled as good eggs. • 新鲜的鸡蛋 • Dogs are often regarded as man’s good friends. • 忠实的朋友 • She was a good chess player. • 高明的棋手
• The loss of his family reduced him into despair.
• 失去家人使他陷入绝望的境地。
• Many changes have taken place during the transformation.
• 转化过程中发生了许多变化。
• Tension between the two countries • 两国之间的紧张局势 • The world is witnessing deep changes. • 世界形势正在发生深刻变化。
• 学习说话，学习演说，学习去感受
• To protect and serve. （缺名词） • 保护社会服务人民。
中级口译教程(英汉对照)
中级口译（英汉对照）1，参观访问Hello， welcome to Jinghe high—tech park。
I’m operation manager of the park. I’m honored to be your guide and take you to tour around the park。
May I know your major interests？您好，欢迎光临京河高科技园区。
我是园区的业务经理，我很荣幸能带大家参观我们的园区。
不知道各位对哪方面比较感兴趣?I’m in terested in the general layout of the park. Would you please give me some idea of its setup?我对园区的总布局颇感兴趣，能简要介绍下吗?Well. First of all， we’ll take a bird’s-eye view of the park. And then we'll look around in the park and， to use a Chinese metaphor， we’ll cast a passing glance at flowers while riding on horseback。
很好，我们先来鸟瞰一下整个园区吧，然后在园区内各处转悠一下，用我们的话说是“走马观花”吧Good idea， but we’ll cast a passing glance at flowers while riding on your car . 。
.in a more comfortable mannerGreat humor， sir. Let me come back to our story。
Jinghe high-tech park enjoys a superior location， with Beijing as its backdrop, facing the vast expanse of the Bosea， bordered by the Jingjintang Expressway to the east。
中级口译中译英参考答案
2003年3月如果发生可怕的通货紧缩即价格的全面下降，则其原因与美国紧密相关，但欧洲和日本也难逃其咎。
美国具有投机性质的经济繁荣不可避免会崩溃，但是如果其他经济强国能够健康发展的话，美国经济的衰落本不会有这样巨大的破坏作用。
这些国家日益扩大的经济需求，本来可能有助于美国和巴西、南韩等所谓的新兴市场经济国家。
可问题是，这些国家的经济状况也远非理想。
如果世界上三大经济体同时遭受经济衰退，通货紧缩就可能出现。
价格之所以下降，是因为全球范围内，需求太小，供给太多—从钢材到鞋子，莫不如此。
日本的诸多问题广为人知，银行坏账肆虐。
但起码在美国，不太为人所知的是，欧洲的种种问题主要来源于德国。
如同日本是亚洲“病夫”一样，德国可谓欧洲“病夫”。
仅仅15年前，这些国家还跃跃欲试，准备领导世界经济，今天却已沦为巨大的拖累。
2003年9月二战开始以来，各大高校规模扩大，本科毕业生和博士毕业生人数激增。
这些，催生了一大批技术人员、助理人员、撰稿人、符号编制人员、调研人员和政策献言人。
现在他们在各类组织中，受雇于精明能干之士。
这些人，因为与符号和观念打交道，而被称之为知识分子。
他们已经完全像工程技术人员一样，职业化了。
但与工程技术人员不一样的是，这些职业知识分子无须从事繁重的日常例行工作—他们仅承担少量教学工作，同时享受政府及各类基金会科研拨款和津贴。
教授的课题预算是其在高校内赖以独立的首要经济基础。
课题预算使得研究生得以存在，并使得高校具有资金偿还能力，因为从每项课题预算中，高校都要抽取一定百分比的管理费。
不管是来自政府还是商界，课题经费的主要特征都是，它是以合约为基础的，不同课题立有不同合约。
因此，科研人员的独立性取决于他是否有能力获取一系列合约。
获取合约的能力是职业知识分子的一种真正才能。
2004年3月八年来，密歇根州州立大学的学生都是直接从联邦政府贷得学费的。
但去年春天，学校有关负责人取消了这一措施，转而与私营贷款业者和一家州立机构签订合约。
中级口译之英汉翻译一
因为从市民的衣、食、住、行消费来讲，住房是一 个重要的因素，而且占了大头。(2002年考题) 直译：Among the basic necessities of life --- food, clothing, shelter and transportation, housing is an important elements, accounting for a majority in the money they spend. 意译：Among the basic necessities of life --- food, clothing, shelter and transportation, housing is an important element, accounting for a lion’s share in the money they spend.
直译：一个企业如果具备公开的沟通渠道，公司上级、下级、同 级之间传递正确的、诚实的信息，比起那些试图限制信息流通、 歪曲甚至欺骗的企业来说，将会有更高的效率，并是一个更适 宜于工作的地方。 意译：一个企业如果具备坦诚的沟通模式和全方位的诚信信息， 比起那些试图封闭信息、曲解甚至欺骗的企业来说，将会有更 高的效能，并更适宜于工作。
直译和意译
直译：就是既保留原文的内容，又保留原文形式的翻译方法或翻 译文字。 意译，就是保留原文的内容，不保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译 文字。
中级口译中，大多数场合只要译出基本意思就可以了，但是在少 数场合需要使用意译。
There is no way of proving this point. (1997年 考题) 直译：现在没有办法证明这一点。 意译：这一点不置可否。
中级口译
翻译
中级口译翻译篇第一讲
• The United States has long been known as a “melting pot”. • 历来，长期以来
99.9真题
• Her main message was and is, “We’re like everybody else.” • 她(传递)的信息过去是、今天依然是： 我们和别人一样。
Develop
• • • • • • • • • • Develop a new drug 研制 Develop new products 开发 Develop muscles 锻炼 Develop the film 冲印 Develop a habit 养成
打
• • • • • • 打牌 打雷 打交道 打架 打猎 打瞌睡 • • • • • • Play cards Thunder Make contact with Fight Go hunting Doze off
缘
• 我在班里有人缘。 • I am popular with my classmates. • 聊得投缘 • talk congenially
缘
• • • • 无缘无故地 for no reason at all 不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中。 I can’t tell the true shape of Lu Shan because I myself am on the mountain. • 化缘 • beg for alms
• The loss of his family reduced him into despair. • 失去家人使他陷入绝望的境地。 • Many changes have taken place during the transformation. • 转化过程中发生了许多变化。
中级口译翻译教程Unit One(上)PPT教学课件
• 补充词汇
• 印度洋
• The Indian Ocean
• 北冰洋
• The Arctic Ocean
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10
border
• V.和…毗邻；与…接壤 • Border on= border • [C]边界；边疆；边界地区
• Eg： They fled across the border.
• . 160 acres of land. 160英亩土地
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4
Almost every kind of climate can be found, but the country lies mostly in the temperate zone.
境内有各种气候，但是美国大部分土地 处于温带。
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stretch
• V.延伸；绵延;舒展
• [C]一片；一泓；一段
• Eg：The procession stretched for several miles...
•
游行队伍长达数英里。
• Try stretching your legs and pulling your toes
•
他们穿越边界逃走了。
• Both republics border on the Black Sea.
• 两个共和国都临近黑海。
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A jet plane crosses the continental United States from the east to the west in five hours. Taking off from an Atlantic coast airport, the plane is soon flying over the gentle slopes of the Appalachian Mountains.
中级口译课文中英文对照
行在美国Q：据说美国是一个由汽车驱动的国家，美国人实际上是个生活在轮子上民族。
你认为这是一种夸张的说法吗?A: This is basically a correct observation, which says something about the American way of life. Americans like to do business without leaving their cars. Wherever you go, you'll see drive-in banks, drive-in restaurants, drive-in churches and drive-in movies.Q :如果我以游客的身份访问美国，我可以在美国境内开车吗?A: Yes, you can. When you drive in the U. S. , it's a good idea to have an international driver's license if you are a foreigner and don't have a state license. Each of the fifty states of the U. S.has its own traffic laws. Drivers are expected to know and understand the local laws even if they don't live in a particular state. You can get information when you cross the border into a different state at a tourist information center.Q：在中国某些道路上开车，司机必须将自己的行车速度控制在标牌规定的限速内。
中级口译教程(第三版).梅德明著.第二盒-1英语部分
Q: 您好，杰克逊先生。
您在中国己连续工作了三年，您能否谈一下中美两国生意人在商务沟通方式上有何不同之处? Hi, Mr. Jackson. You have been working in China for three years. Can you tell us how you feel about the differences in business communication style between Chinese and American businessmen? A: With pleasure. 1 think there are at least two differences in the way of business communication between Chinese and American businesspeople. First, Chinese businessmen tendto have business negotiations in a rather indirect manner, as opposed(与…相反) to the more direct manner of American businesspeople. The Chinese take time to learn if their prospective（预期的） business contacts are really reliable, 中国人会花费时间来了解他们将要与之打交道的商人是否靠得住，for example, by inviting them to a party and socializing(（与…）交往，联谊)with them. In contrast, Americans usually act with the "get down-to-business-first" mentality. Second, the decision making process of Chinese companies is generally slow and time-consuming. This is because most Chinese companies keep to the "bottom-up, then top-down and then bottom-up" decision-making principle（原则） which involves many people at different levels. 各个层次上的许多人士都介人决策过程American companies, on the other hand, usually operate withquick decisions made by the top management. 1 hope American businesspeople in China will understand these differences in business practices and adjust to the Chinese way.Q: 美国式的经营之道在我们中国人看来往往显得咄咄逼人。
中级口译教程课文翻译
首席用chief。
代理用acting。
常务用managing。
执行用executive。
名誉用honorary。
机场迎宾
宾馆入住
第三单元：会谈口译
欢迎光临
合资企业
行在美国
话说口译
故地重游
愉悦之旅
圣诞晚会
丝绸之路
继往开来
consultantspecialgradeseniorteacheraccreditedcorrespondentcontributingeditorspecialcorrespondent大学校长中小学校长局长省长总书记总工程师总编辑总经理总教练总干事总指挥总领事总监总厨副主席副总理副省长副教授副主任医师副总经理大堂经理宾馆助理教授助理研究员助理工程师高级工程师首席执行官首席法官首席代表审判长护士长秘书长参谋长代理市长常务副校长执行秘书名誉校长主任编辑主任秘书主任医师主治医师特级教师特派记者特约编辑特约记者办公室主任博士生导师客座教授院士业务经理注册会计师学习标兵劳动模范优秀员工officemanagerdoctoralstudentsupervisorvisitingprofessoracademicianservicebusinessoperationmanagercharteredcertifiedpublicaccountantstudentpacemakermodelworkeroutstandingemployee
①翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时，常用chief、general、managing。
②行政的“副”通常用vice。
学术职称通常用associate。
职场职位头衔用assistant。
Deputy常用于director、secretary、mayor、dean。
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Unit 1【例1】The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many instances, an exciting story.（“×”号表示译文有问题，下同）×树的历史开始于森林中，直到生产为木板后被使用为止，成为一个有趣且有许多事例的激动人心的故事。
上面这句话的原文实际上主要说了两点内容：1、树的历史的起迄时间2、树的历史是怎样一回事【译文】一棵树，从它在森林中生长起直到被制成木板使用为止，这段历史会构成一个饶有趣味的故事，在很多情况下这个故事十分激动人心。
例2】There are two regulatory systems which interact. One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone.×有两个调节系统相互作用。
一个定时系统来自于我们的感官和胃的证明，就是当我们生活在一个特定的时区所经历的周期性。
【译文】人体有两个相互作用的时间调节系统。
一个时间调节系统依据感官和胃发出的信息，依据我们生活在某个时区所体验的周期性规律。
寻找对等词语和结构然后将其串接成句的翻译方法，常表现如下：1、简单语句的译文虽然生硬，但基本可读。
如：【例3】I can see three different 无效s of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion.×我能看到音乐史上有三种不同的作曲家，他们中每一个人以某种不同的方式创作音乐。
【译文】我发现音乐史上有三类作曲家，他们各自的音乐创作方式有所不同。
2、较复杂语句的译文似通非通，甚至不知所云。
如：【例4】The traditionalist 无效of composer begins with a pattern rather than with a theme. The creative act with Palestrina is not the thematic conception so much as the personal treatment of a well－established pattern.×传统主义型作曲家始于某种格调而非某种主题。
帕莱斯特里纳的创作行为不太像对固定格调进行个性化处理的主题概念。
【译文】传统型作曲家是从形式出发而不是从主题出发进行创作的。
帕莱斯特里纳的创作不是主题的构思，而是对固定形式的个性化处理。
3、典型的英语表达形式在汉语无法找到对等形式，翻译无从着手。
如：【例5】Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come －－with the people who respect you for who you are.【译文】发现自我，如实地表现自我，你自然会为人们所喜欢－－为那些尊重你的真正个性的人们所喜欢。
【例6】Where do you expect Shanghai to be in five years?【译文】你预计今后五年上海的发展目标如何？翻译不是一种语言中的词语和语句结构到另一种语言的词语和语句结构的简单转换，也不是在另一种语言中寻找与一种语言中对等的词语和语句结构然后将其串接成句的过程。
在英汉翻译中，如果把眼光盯着原文的词语和语句结构这些属于语言层次的东西，结果翻译出来的只是一种文字层次的转换，徒具其形，原文的内容和意义不可能得到很好的表达。
翻译究竟是什么呢?翻译的过程就好比交通工具的换乘过程，两者之间有诸多相似之处。
交通工具换乘过程：内容(人员)载体（运输工具1）内容（人员）载体（运输工具2）翻译过程：内容(信息)载体（源语）内容（信息）载体（译语）比较两者，其共同点有：(1) 两者带有相似的目的：两种转换过程都是为了实现内容通过载体的变换从一端到另一端的传递。
(2) 两者含有相似的基本要素：第一要素内容，在交通工具换乘过程中是人员，而在翻译过程中则是信息。
第二要素载体，在交通工具换乘过程中是车辆、船舶、飞机等，转换前是一种运输工具，转换后改为另一种运输工具；而在翻译过程中则是语言，转换前是源语（source language），转换后是译语（target language）。
(3) 两者具有相似的操作要求：第一，两者都要求内容不变。
第二，两者都要求过程顺畅德国译学教授Wolfram Wilss 在The Science of Translation：Problems & Methods一书中说：Translation is not simply a matter of seeking other words with similar meaning, but of finding appropriate ways of saying things in another language. Translating is always meaning－based, i.e. it is the transfer of meaning instead of form from the source language to the target language.（翻译不只是在另一种语言中寻找意义相似的其他词语，而是寻找表达事物的适当方式。
翻译始终立足于语义，也就是说，是语义从源语到译语的转换，而不是形式。
）这说明了翻译是语义的翻译，不是语言形式的翻译，是运用另一种语言的适当方式来表达一种语言所表达的内容，而不是在另一种语言中寻找与一种语言中含义相似的某些词语或结构。
翻译必须跳出原文语言层面的束缚，必须着眼于传达原文的内容和意义。
换句话说，翻译的基本单位应该是语篇，而不是词语结构。
根据系统功能语言学家的观点，语言的实际使用单位是语篇这样的言语单位，而不是词语结构这样的语法单位。
实际使用的语篇有可能是一个句子、一个句段、一个句群，也有可能是一个词语。
翻译作为语言交际的一种形式，其实质是用一种语言的语篇材料代替另一种语言与其意义对等的语篇材料。
翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容和意义准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。
II. 课堂练习（分别用词语和形式对应译法和语义表达译法试译下列句子，并比较翻译中的感觉和译文的效果）：1. It's more a poem than a picture.2. He drank himself out of the best lines.3. He pretends to be as modest as anything.4. Fire goes wherever it can, but it prefers to follow a draft.5. The room was easily traced by the noise that was coming from it.6. Taking care to pitch my voice to politeness, I asked about the next bus to Hattiesburg.7. If you feel depressed at a social gathering, keep it a secret.8. The bacteria pneumonia may complicate influenza at both extremes of age.III. 课堂练习参考译文：1. 与其说那是一幅画，不如说那是一首诗。
2. 他借酒写得好诗句。
3. 他装得极为谦虚。
4. 火是无孔不入的，可是它更爱窜入通风的地方。
5. 循声而去，便轻而易举地找到了那间屋子。
6. 我陪着小心，用温和的口吻询问开往哈蒂斯堡下一斑车的情况。
7. 在社交场合，你就是感到情绪压抑，也不要表露出来。
8. 患有流感的幼儿和老人可能并发细菌性肺炎。
IV. 课外练习（分别用词语和形式对应译法和语义表达译法试译下列句子，并比较翻译中的感觉和译文的效果）：1. He wants a lawyer who understands his case, who sympathizes with him and who has been there himself.2. World－famous for his works he was never personally well known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity.3. While you are in the act of summoning your energies, focus on a plan. Don't exhaust yourself with fruitless excursions into any and all possibilities.4. A book may be compared to your neighbor: if it is good, it can not last too long; if bad you can not get rid of it too early.5. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check －－a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds".6. A friend is someone who draws out your own best qualities, with whom you sparkle and become more of whatever the friendship draws upon.7. To petrol we owe the existence of the motor－car, which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse. To petrol we owe the possibility of flying.8. Because of limited insurance coverage, many people will have to look to their own resources －－both emotional and financial －－to care for an infirm or recovering relative at home.9. During the last six years, 44 of 60 scholarship winners have been the children of foreigners. the talent search, certainly in this decade, is a tribute as much to immigration as to education.10. The new architectural ｓｔｙｌｅs have become powerful image makers overseas. Two stunning arrivals now gracing Hong Kong's crowded skyline －－the privately－owned Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank building and Bank of China's headquarters －－stand as monuments to the rival economic interests, cultures and ideologies that define the city.Unit 2I. 课外练习参考译文：1. 他要找一位了解他的案情，同情他的处境，并有过亲身经历的人当他的律师。