专业四级考试语法-虚拟语气(全)
Subjunctive Mood
1. 语气Mood
语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对一事物和人的态度和看法。包括陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气三种。
陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？
③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！
祈使语气祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
① Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
② Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功！
虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达未能成为事实或者不可能成为事实的情况，或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。此外还可用来表示命令、建议、设想、祝愿（或
could have done 本来可以- - -
might have done 本来可能- - -
should / ought to have done 本来应该做- - -
shouldn’t / ought not to have done 本不该做- -
你本不应该告诉她真相。
You shouldn’t have told her the truth .
needn’t have done 本不必做- - -
比较：didn’t need to do 没必要做也没有做- - -
我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了
I didn’t need to clean the windows . My brother did it.
would have done 本来会去做----
(1)与现在事实相反
If the earth had no gravity, the moon would fly to the sun.
如果地球没有引力，月球就会飞向太阳。
If I were/was you I would reconsider their proposal.
我要是你，我就会重新考虑他们的建议。
If it weren’t/wasn’t raining, we wouldn’t stay indoor.
要是现在不下雨，我们就不会呆在屋里。
If the manager were/was here, he might make a decision.
要是经理在这儿，他也许会作出决定。
(2)与过去事实相反
If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。
If she hadn’t taken your advice, she would have made a bad mistake.
她要不是听了你的劝告，就要犯大错误了。
She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy.
要不是太忙，她就来了。
(3)与将来事实相反，或将来不太可能发生，或说话人主观上不希望发生
If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.
要是我来作这件事，我会用另一种做法。
If the rocket should fall in a few seconds, it would certainly explode.
如果火箭几秒钟内竟然向下坠落，那就一定会爆炸。
If he should fail, we would encourage him to try again.
万一他失败，我们就鼓励他再试一试。
(4)错综时间非真实条件句
错综时间非真实条件句是指条件句与主句动作发生的时间不一致。因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，其形式依据时间的不同仍然遵循表1给出的规则。例如：
If we had set out earlier, we wouldn’t be walking in the rain.
如果我们早点动身，现在就不会在雨中走了。（从句发生在过去，主句发生在现在。）
If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.
如果你身体好些，我们就让你和他们一道做这工作了。（从句发生在现在，主句发生在将来。）If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.
如果我们到现在还未准备好，明天就会有很多麻烦。（从句发生在过去，主句发生在将来。）(5)省略if的非真实条件句
如果非真实条件句中的谓语包括had, should, were三个词，连接词if可以省略。这时had, should, were要移到主语前面，形成倒装。这种句型主要见于书面形式。例如：
Had he not been ill, he might have come.
要不是他生病了，他是会来的。
Should she come here, we would discuss this matter with her.
要是他来这儿的话，我们就和她讨论这件事。
Were I to do it, I would do it in a different way.
要是我来做这件事，我会用另一种不同的方法。
Were you not here, none of us would come.
如果你们不在这儿，我们没人会来。
(6)用介词短语表示假设条件
有时可以用介词短语做假设条件，以取代非真实条件句中的if从句。例如：
Without air, there would be no wind or clouds.
如果没有空气，就不会有风或云。
I would have succeeded with you help.
如果有你的帮助，我本会成功。
In that case we could have done the work better.
如果是那样的话，我们本可能把工作做得更好些的。
But for the storm we would have been in time.
要不是暴风雨，我们原本会准时（到达）的。
3. 一些程序化了的必须或可能使用虚拟语气的情况
在英语中，有些动词、短语、句型中，必须或可能要使用虚拟语气，下面逐一说明：（1）wish, if only, would rather, would sooner 后的虚拟语气
wish, if only, would rather, would sooner是指人们无法实现或很难实现的主观愿望
基本相同。
注意2.在过去式中，如果词语动词是be，则一切人称均可用were。但单数第一、三人称也可用was。
●wish后的从句
wish表示过去或现在未实现的主观愿望，以及将来实现不了或很难实现的愿望，可以翻译成中文：“希望”、“真希望”、“要是…就好了”
I wish I knew his address.
真希望我知道他的地址。（愿望与现在的事实相反）
I wish I were as young as you.
我要是像你一样年轻该多好。（愿望与现在的事实相反）
She wish she knew how to drive the car.
她希望她知道怎样开这辆车。（愿望与现在的事实相反）
We wish he had n’t gone.
我们真希望他没有走。（愿望与过去的事实相反）
We wish we could live on the moon for a few days in the future.
真希望我们将来能在月球上住几天。（将来的愿望在说话人看来很难实现）
注意1. 如果wish是过去式(wished)，后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气形式不变，在译为中文时，可以加上“当时”、“那里”。例如：
I wish I were young.我真希望我还年轻。（愿望与现在的事实相反）
wish改为过去式后，其后的从句不变：
I wished I were young. （当时）我真希望我还年轻。（愿望与当时的事实相反）
注意2. 在动词hope后要用陈述语气。
●if only后的从句
if only表示“但愿”、“要是…就好了”、“（我）真希望…”。意义与用法和I wish基本相同。但更具有感情色彩。
If only I had more time to think about it.
但愿我有更多的时间考虑它。
If only he would not eat so much sugar.
要是他不吃那么多糖就好了。
If only he had taken my advice years ago.
要是几年前他听了我的劝告就好了。
●would rather, would sooner后的从句
would rather, would sooner的意思都是“宁愿”，其后的从句表示过去或现在没发生的愿望，或者是在说话人看来将来不太可能实现的愿望。
I would rather/sooner he had gone there too.
我宁愿他也去那里。（过去没有实现的愿望）
I would rather/sooner the football match would take place tomorrow.
我宁愿足球赛明天举行。（说话人看来将来不太可能实现的愿望。）
（2）as if (as though)
as if 或as though 引导的方式状语从句有时要用虚拟语气。
基本相同。
注意2.在过去式中，如果词语动词是be，则一切人称均可用were。但单数第一、三人称也可用was。
例如：
He talk as if he knew all about.
他谈起来好像全知道似的。（与现在事实相反，实际上他并不知道）
She looked as if she were made of ice.
她看起来似乎是冰做的。（与现在事实相反，她并不是用冰做的）
I feel as if we had known each other for years.
我感到好像我们已经相识多年似的。（与过去事实相反，我们没有相识多年）
It seemed as if the meeting would never end.
看起来会议不会结束了。（与将来事实相反，实际上会议还是会结束的）
注意！as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句即可以使用虚拟语气，也可以使用陈述语气。但表态的意义有所区别，例如：
He walk as if he is drunk.
他走起路来好像喝醉了。（陈述语气，有可能真的喝醉了）
He walk as if her were drunk.
他走起路来好像喝醉了似的。（虚拟语气，在说话人看来，他并没有喝醉）
（3）it is (high, about) time
it is (high, about) time后的that从句谓语动词用一般过去时，表示“已到了该干…的时候了”，含有“已经有些晚了”的意思。其中that可以省略。短语中的high与about用于加强和缓和语气。
It is high time that we were off.
是我们该走的时候了。
It’s (about) time you were in bed.
你(差不多)该上床睡觉了。
（4）but for和but that
在带有but for和but that的句型中，一般要使用虚拟语气，but for和but that都译为“要不是…”、“如果没有…”，其中but for是介词，后接名词；but that是连词，后接从句。注意：but for +名词与but that +从句都可以看作用于代替非真实条件句中的条件从句，所以本句型的虚拟语气形式与非真实条件句中的主句相同（见表1中的主句一栏）。
●but for
but for是短语介词，译为“要不是…”、“如果没有…”。相当于用介词代替非真实条件句中的if条件从句，见§2.（6）
例如：
But for the storm we would have been in time. （＝if it had not been for the storm……）
要不是暴风雨，我们原本会准时（到达）的。
We would have been in real trouble but for your help. （＝if it hadn’t been for you help……）
如果没有你的帮助，我们原本会陷入严重的困难之中。
●but that
but that是连词，译为“要不是…”、“如果没有…”。作用相当于非真实条件句中的if 条件从句。
注意：与非真实条件句不同，but that条件从句要用陈述语气，只有主句要用虚拟语气。
例如：
But that you helped him, he would have failed. （＝if you hadn’t helped him……）
如果没有你帮助他，他原本会失败的。
从上面例句可以看出，虽然动作发生在过去，but that从句中的谓语动词help用的是陈述语气（一般过去时而非虚拟语气的过去完成时）。
（5）在lest, for fear that, in case, so that引导的从句中
在lest, for fear that, in case, so that 引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词一般用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词一般用：should/could/might + 动词原形
He reminded her twice of it lest she should forget.
他提醒了她两次，怕她忘记。
He took his umbrella with him lest it should rain.
他带上了雨伞，担心会下雨。
I will not make a noise for fear (that) I should/might disturb you.
我不会作声，以免打扰你。
Take some money with you in case you should need it.
带上点钱，以防急需。
（6）事实陈述句+ or/otherwise/or else +虚拟句
①与现在事实相反，主句谓语动词用should/could/might + v. 原形
②与过去事实相反，主句谓语动词用should/could/might +have done
Eg. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the parade.
（7）在公式化的句子中：
在一些公式化的句子中，要用虚拟语气，这时谓语动词不随人称、时态和数发生变化，谓语的形式为动词原形或may + 动词原形(常倒装)。
God save the Queen!
上帝保佑女王！
God bless you！
上帝保佑你！
Long live peace！
和平万岁
Heaven forbid that I should let my own parents suffer.
让自己的父母受苦，天理不容。
May you enjoy a ripe old age！
愿君长寿！(倒装)
4.在其它从句中的虚拟语气
在表示建议、命令、要求、想法以及表示“重要性”、“紧迫性”、“惊奇”等含义的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。下面我们逐个说明。
（1）在It is/was + 形容词的主语从句中
在某些表示“建议、重要性、紧迫性、惊奇”含意的形容词在“It is/was + 形容词”结构中，主语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其中动词的形式为：（should+）动词原形(美国英语不用should)，例如：
It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.
有必要马上派他到那里去。
It is/was important that everyone (should) have a map.
每个人都有一个地图很重要。
It was arranged that they leave the following week.
根据安排，他们下星期动身。
适用上述结构的形容词有：
advisable, anxious, appropriate, arranged, better, compulsory, crucial, decided, demanded, desirable, desired, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, ordered, preferable, proper, proposed, recommended, requested, suggested, urgent, vital, willing等等。
此外还有amazing, odd, ridiculous, surprising, unthinkable等，也适用于上述结构，但即使在美国英语中，should也不省略。
It’s ridiculous that he should behave like that.
他那样做真可笑。
（2）在宾语从句中
在某些表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”含意的动词后面的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，从句动词的形式为：（should+）动词原形(美国英语不用should)，例如：Bill suggested that everyone (should) have a map.
比尔建议每个人都应该有一个地图。
They requested that he (should) sign a song.
他们要求他唱支歌。
She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.
她坚持要预定座位。
适用上述结构的动词有
Advise, agree, decide, decree, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, resolve, stipulate, urge, vote等等。
（2）在名词性从句中
在某些表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”含意的名词，与该名词相关的名词性从句如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中，从句的谓语动词要使用虚拟语气，从句动词的形式为：（should+）动词原形(美国英语不用should)，例如：
It was bill’s suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
每个人都有一个地图是比尔的建议。（主语从句）
His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.
他的建议是每个人都有一个地图。（表语从句）
We were going to discuss his suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
我们将讨论他的每个人都应该有一个地图的建议。（同位语从句）
适用上述结构的名词有
Advice, agreement, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, instruction, motion, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, resolution, stipulation, suggestion等等。
二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气
1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) 在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + 动词原形。并且should不能省略
She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。
He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。
(2) 在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。如：
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。
He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。
2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) 在even if, even though所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗再世也就不了他。
(2) 在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：
①may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如：
We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。
We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。
I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。
②may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限。如：
You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have ma de. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。
We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么
错误，我们必须尊敬他。
Whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man.
I won’t let you in whoever you may be.
No matter what you may say, I am determined to do what I think is right.
Come what may, we will go ahead.
这时如果指的是一个过去的动作，may后面的动词就要用完成式。
The party was a success, however inadequate the preparations may have been.
Yo u mustn’t be proud, however much you may have achieved.
(3) 在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为should +动词原形，主句结构不限。如：
Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 就算他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。
Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 就算他是书记，他也必须遵守规定。
3. 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气
例如：
They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。
He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。
4. 原因状语从句中的虚拟语气
amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
①should + 动词原形(指现在或将来)。如：
He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。
I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊讶他竟答不出如此简单的问题。
②should + 完成式, 指过去。如：
I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。
I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃惊，父亲竟指导我昨天所作的事情。
三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1．英语中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propos e, request, suggest(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 原形动词。如：
The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。
The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。
但是，当insist的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；suggest的意思为：表明，暗含，暗示等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如：
Tom insisted that he hadn’t stolen the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。
His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。
2.believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：should + 原形动词。如：
Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟杀死了一只老虎？
Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 你能想象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名？
3.英语中，wish之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
例如：
I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已学好了英语。
I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。
He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。
4.英语中，would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
例如：
I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I’d rather you were here now.我倒想你现在在这儿。
We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那儿。
四、主语从句中的虚拟语气
在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，其虚拟语其的结构为：should + 动词原形，主句中的谓语动词形式不限。
句型：
(1)It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural …that…
(2)It is a pity / a shame / no wonder…. that…
(3)It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /…. that …
(4)It worries me that…
如：
It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我们先把功课学好很重要。
It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪，他竟没有来。
It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。
It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼。
五、表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气
英语中，表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，表语从表面上看几屗及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 动词原形。如：
We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助。
He told us his idea that he should go to university. 他告诉了我们他的想法：他想上大学。
His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心些。
Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. 他们的计划就是在家乡建一座新工厂。
六、定语从句中的虚拟语气
英语中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形。如：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。
7. 简单句中的虚拟语气
1. 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。如：
Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？
You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。
I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。
2.表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他”。如：
May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。
May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。
3.表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。如：
Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国******万岁。
God bless us. 上帝保佑。
4.习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。
(1)提出请求或邀请。如：
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？
Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗？
(2)陈述自己的观点或看法。如：
I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。
I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。
(3)提出劝告或建议。如：
You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。
You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。
(4)提出问题。如：
Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗？
Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？
(5) 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：“情态动词+ ha ve + 过去分词”。如：
You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。
You should have returned it to him. 你应该把他还给他了。
一、错综时间虚拟条件句
所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如：
If you’d listened to me, you wouldn't be in such trouble now. 如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。
二、含蓄虚拟条件句
所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如：To hear him talk，you'd think he was Prime Minister. 听他讲话你会以为他是首相。
Without your help，I couldn't have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助，我不会取得这些成就。
三、连用虚拟语气的几个固定表达
有三个表示“若不是”、“要不是”的表达，它们总是连用虚拟语气，它们是but for, if it were not for, it it had n’t been for。如：
But for your help we would have been late. 幸亏你帮忙，要不我们就迟到了。
If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。
If it hadn’t been for your help, we wouldn’t have succeeded. 要不是有你帮忙，我们是不会成功的。
四、虚拟语气的省略与倒装
有时可将条件从句的连词if 省略，而将从句中的were, should, had 等提到句首。如：Were it not for your help, I wouldn't be doing so well. 若不是你帮忙，我现在不会干得这样好。
Had I been there, I would have asked her the question. 如果我在那里，我就会问她这个问题。
虚拟语气典型考题10例
1.“I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. ” “I t’s time you ________. ”
A.Do
B.did
C.had
D.would
2.“I’ve told everyone about it. ” “Oh, I’d rather you ___ _____. ”
A.Don’t
B.hadn’t
C.couldn’t
D.wouldn’t
3.It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we ________there by tomorrow.
A.can’t get
B.won’t get
C.hadn’t got
D.w ouldn’t get
4.Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Othe rwise, she ________something she would regret later.
A.had said
B.said
C.might say
D.m ight have said
5.All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _______ _badly wounded and that he ________at once.
A.should be; be operated on
B.were; must be ope rated on
C.was; should be operated
D.was; be operated on
6.I forget where I read the article, or I ________it to y ou now.
A.will show
B.would show
C.am going to show
D.am showing
7.—Why didn’t you go to yesterday’s meeting?
—I would have but I ________too busy working on the important experiment.
A.had been
B.was
C.were
D.am
8.—Don’t you think it necessary that he ________to Mia mi but to New York?
—I agree, but the problem is ________he has refused t o.
A.will not be sent; that
B.not be sent; that
C.should not be sent; what
D.should not send; what
9.The workers will go on strike if the demands they ___ _____put forward are turned down.
A.could
B.would
C.不填
D.had
10.________fired, your health care and other benefits wi ll not be immediately cut off.
A.Would you be
B.Should you be
C.Could you be
D.Might you be
答案与解析:
1.B。It’s time you did 为It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。
2.B。I’d rather 后接从句时，从句谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。
3.A。we can’t get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。
4.D otherwise 在此相当于if she had not walked away from the discussion，即暗示一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
5.D。insisted 接第一个宾语从句，表示“坚持认为(是怎么回事)”，用陈述语气；接第二个宾语从句，表示“坚决要求(做某事)”，用虚拟语气。
6.B。根据上文的语境可知句中的or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即or=if I didn’t forge t where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。
7.B。易受前面虚拟语气的影响而误选A。实际上前面虚拟语气的答语采用了省略形式。可补充为：I would have gone to yesterday’s meeting if I hadn’t been too busy. 所以be t oo busy是过去的一种实际情况，并不是虚拟的情况。故填空处用陈述语气。
8.B。因为necessary后的从句要用“(should+)动词原形”，排除选项A; 因he与send 是被动关系，send要用被动式，排除选项D; 答句中的表语从句中不缺任何句子成分，用t hat。值得说明的是，refuse to后省略了be sent to New York。
9.C。they put forward为修饰名词demands的定语从句，按英语语法，当demand用作动词后接宾语从句，或用作名词后接定语从句或同位语从句时，从句谓语习惯上要用sho uld+动词原形这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。
10.B。Should you be fired是由If you should be fired变来的，又如：Should you re quire (=If you should require) anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么，可以给我打电话
高中英语语法虚拟语气教学设计
高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
高中英语语法虚拟语气教学：The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课，授课内容为虚拟语气，授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评，大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习，学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识，复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如：I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等，并学习新的表达形式如：The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是，学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后，要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一，多数学生感到费解，因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用，并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式，有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1．知识与技能 1）复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型： I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式，尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达，特别是主句与从句时态的呈现；还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词，如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3）培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2．过程与方法 1）引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中，开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。
虚拟语气语法讲解与习题
虚拟语气 一．语气的分类： 二．虚拟语气的用法： （一）虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法： ---If I were you, I would give it up. (与现在事实相反) ---If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. (与过去事实相反) ---If she came/should come/were to come, I could ask her for help. (与将来事实相反) 2．特殊用法： ①错综时间虚拟条件句：条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，主从句的谓语动词要根据假设的时间来定。 ---If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be much better now. ②if条件句虚拟倒装：可以把if从句中的should, were, had置于句首，省略if构成倒装。 ---Were I you, I would give it up. ---Had I taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. ---Should she come, I could ask her for help. ③含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。 ---Without/But for your help, I could not have succeeded. ---I should have returned the book last week, but I was too busy. （but后为真实情况） ---He was ill, otherwise/or he would have helped us. （otherwise/or前为真实情况） ④特殊的if句虚拟：If it were (had been) not for…“要不是…” ---If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life. ---If it had not been for your help, I would have failed. （二）虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法： 1．一些表示坚持，命令，建议，要求的词用于名词性从句中时从句的谓语动词用虚拟（一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求） ---Our teacher suggested that we (should) study hard. (宾语从句) ---That we (should) study hard was our teacher’s suggestion. (主语从句) ---It was suggested that we (should) study hard. (主语从句) ---Our teacher’s suggestion was that we (should) study hard. (表语从句) ---Our teacher gave us a suggestion that we (should) study hard. (同位语从句) ★suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”时不用虚拟。 ---His pale face suggested that he was ill. ---The old man insisted that I had stolen his money.
高中英语语法(虚拟语气)
Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气（mood）是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气： ＊直陈语气（indicative mood）---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. ＊祈使语气（imperative mood）---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. ＊虚拟语气（subjunctive mood） If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night． 2）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did，had，should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。 1）Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park． 2）Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconvenience． 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词（如without， but for等）引出的短语、分词 （如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or，otherwise，but，though等）、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1）But for your advice，I would not be able to do this work． 2）Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened，otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark．。
高三年级英语语法-虚拟语气全总结
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 ①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。否定句时not留在原来位置不变。如： If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)
英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
(完整)高中英语语法虚拟语气讲解
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
高中英语 第二册 语法总结 虚拟语气
新概念英语第二册语法总结：虚拟语气 虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握： 1、虚拟条件句。 2、名词性虚拟语气。 3、虚拟语气的其他用语。 一、虚拟条件句： 条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。 1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为： If 主语＋过去时，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋动词原形，如： If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now. 2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为： If 主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋have＋过去分词，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved. If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term. 3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为： If 主语+should(were to, 过去时)＋do，主语＋should(could...)＋原形do，如： If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes. If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry. 注意问题： 1、If条件句中绝对不可出现"would"。 2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。 3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如： Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved. Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
高考英语二轮专题总复习 语法部分虚拟语气
2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习语法部分虚拟语气 表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 虚拟语气在if条件从句中的使用 【观察】 If I were you, I would go to bed early tonight. 如果我是你，我今晚就会早点睡。If you took the bus, you would be late for the film. 如果你坐公车去看电影，那么你就会迟到。 If Jack had scored that goal, we would have won the football match. 如果杰克射进了那个球，我们就会赢得那场足球比赛。 If she hadn’t come, I might have been in trouble. 如果她没来，我可能已陷入困境了。 I could help you if you had difficulty in doing your homework. 如果你做作业有困难，我会帮助你的。 If it were to rain tomorrow, they would not go out. 如果明天下雨的话，他们就不会出去。 【归纳】 注意：若从句中的谓语动词是be动词的话，一律用were。 【实践】 1.If he my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 2. 翻译：如果我有足够的钱，我会周游世界。 If I had enough money, I would travel around the world. 翻译：如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。 If I should see / were to see / saw him tomorrow, I would invite him to my house. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句时，可以转换成下列形式： （1）省略if, 用“were, had, should + 主语”。如： Were she my daughter, I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad. 如果她是我女儿，我就不让她出国学习了。 Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded. 如果我当时努力学习的话，我肯定会成功的。 Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 如果明天有会议，我会来。 （2）含蓄条件句。虚拟语气句中不出现if 条件句，而是用介词、介词短语或连词通过上下文表现出来，这时须根据句子的含义判定是用虚拟现在式还是虚拟过去式。常见短语有：but for, without, otherwise, or 等。如：
大学英语语法-虚拟语气
虚拟语气 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) Subjunctive Mood作为专门表达假设意义和其他非事实意义的动词形式，仅是古英语遗留下来的残余。它仅有两个形式，即be型虚拟式和were型虚拟式。 Be型虚拟]----- be型虚拟式是以动词原形表示的，不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用原形，如动词为被动态，则助动词be也用原形。其主要用法如下： 1)用于表命令、决定、建议、坚持等词语之后的that分句中 这一用法又分三种情况： a)用在 decide,decree,demand,insist,move,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require, suggest,vote等动词之后的that分句中.（宾语从句） 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。 He ordered that all the books be sent at once. He ordered that all the books be sent at once. we propose that somebody neutral take the chair. She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday. b)用在 advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,nece ssary,obligatory,proper等形容词之后的that分句中。（主语从句） It is essential that all the facts be examined first. It was appropriate that thisi tax be abolished. I thousht it advisable that an armed guard stand in readiness. c)用在 decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution等名词之后的that分句中。 The board has given instructions that the agent fly to Boston. We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. Their decision was that the school remain closed. 在这一用法中be型虚拟式能与“should+不定式”交替使用，也能与to-不定式交替使用。 He ordered that the books be sent at once . = He ordered that the books should be sent at onc. = He ordered that the books to be sent at once. 2）用于由if,though等引导的分句中.
虚拟语气的用法讲解
第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。 如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
可用虚拟语气的用法总结
虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如： Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三．含蓄条件句
高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars) 如果你有100万元，你会做什么？ We couldn?t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we
高考英语语法难点：虚拟语气
虚拟语气(the subjunctive mood,又称假设语气,是谓语动词的一种形式,表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反,在现实中并不存在,或实现的可能性很小。 一、动词的语气 语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood有三种,分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 1.陈述语气 陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问,主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。 Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗? How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊! 2.祈使语气 祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。 Come this way,please! 请这边走。 Don't make any noise, will you 别吵,行吗? Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。 3.虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。 May good luck be yours! 祝你好运! 二、条件句中的虚拟语气 英语中条件从句有两类,一类是真实条件句,另一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句;如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。 A.真实条件句 真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。 If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him. 如果他八点不来,我们就不等他了。 If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property.过去发生洪水的话,常有很大的生命和财产损失。 We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨,我们将去那里。 I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持车子干净,我就让你用我的自行车。 B.非真实条件句 在含有非真实条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气,其构成有三种形式: 与现在事实相反if条件句的谓语:were did
高考英语语法填空之虚拟语气
语言结构之虚拟语气（学生版） 用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意使用合适的情态动词助动词 1. If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it. (see, ask) 2. What do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days? (be) 3. But for your help, I couldn’t _____ the place. (find) 4. If her lawyer _____ here last Sunday, he _____ her from going. (be, prevent) 5. If it had not been for the liberation, no changes _____ place in my hometown. (take) 6. If Miss Green _____ late tomorrow, who would take her place? (come) 7. It seems as if it ____ already summer now. (be) 8. I wish I _____ him the day before yesterday. (see) 9. I made the suggestion that they _____ the plan they had made. (stick) 10. It is suggested that a study plan _____ right now. (make) 11. They required that we _____ them get in the crops. (help) 12. It was ordered that no smoking _____ in the library, which made the smokers unhappy. (allow) 13.I’d rather Tom _____ tomorrow. (come) 14.It is about time you ____ the medicine, sir. (take) 15.If there _____ no electricity in the future, our life _____ a lot. (be, change) 16.Without the Communist Party there ____ New China. 17. What would have happened if you her child? (not help) 18. It is strange that he so. (think) 19. I wish I my uncle yesterday. (meet) 20. Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun. (move) 21. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I to the meeting. (come) 22. Supposing the weather bad, where would they go? (be) 23. If only I to my parents’ advice!(listen) 24. I to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind. (hope) 25. His silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan. (agree) 26. Li Ling acted that way as though he a foreigner. (be) 语言结构之虚拟语气（教师版） 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it. (see, ask) had seen; would have asked 2. What do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days? (be) were