英语学习材料
7.28语法
于静老师
3.主语+谓语
谓语动词是不及物动词vi所表达的动作没有作用对象其本身语义完整其后不需要加宾语
we talk a lot表程度that night.表时间
乐队在公园演出。
a band was playing in the park.
火车在信号灯处停下来。
the train halted/stopped at the signals.
他已游遍全世界。
he has travelled all over the world.
4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
谓语动词是双宾语动词后接的成分即有人也有物人间接宾语物直接宾语
Amy showed the guard her passport.
Amy showed her passport to the guard.
I never thought that such advances could offer the aging population(间接)quality of life that once was unimaginable （直接）when I entered medicine50years ago.
Your humor should help to show them(间接)that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.（直接）
练一练
1.Give a thief enough rope and he'll hang himself.
a thief是间接宾语；enough rope是直接宾语。可以用to改写成：Give enough rope to a thief.多行不义必自毙。
2.He ordered himself a bottle of champagne.
himself是间接宾语；a bottle of champagne是直接宾语。可以用for改写成：
He ordered a bottle of champagne for himself.他为自己点了一瓶香槟。
me是间接宾语；a good novel是直接宾语。可以用to改写成：
Can you recommend a good novel to me?你能给我推荐一部好的小说吗？
3.Can you recommend me a good novel?
me是间接宾语；a good novel是直接宾语。可以用to改写成：Can you recommend a good novel to me?你能给我推荐一部好的小说吗？
4.The novel won the author a Nobel Prize.
the author是间接宾语；a Nobel Prize是直接宾语。可以用for 改写成：
The novel won a Nobel Prize for the author.这部小说为其作者赢得了诺贝尔奖。
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
谓语动词是宾补动词动词后接宾语宾语后面接补充说明宾语的补足语宾语和宾语补足语合在一起称为复合宾语。
Amy makes her courseware interesting and dramatic. Amy calls her student honey.
Amy believes him to be true.
Amy declared the class over.
Amy kept the car under the tree.
宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语的身份、状态、动作的一种成分。可由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词等充当。
区分双宾语和符合宾语
方法在宾语后面加be动词，若能构成一个语意通畅的句子，即是宾语补足语。
动词的时态和语态
一.动词的时态：tense and aspect
tense（时）：用来规定事物发生的时间。
1.现在时（present）
2.过去时（past）
3.将来时（future）
4.过去将来时（past future）
aspect（态）：用来规定动作完成的程度，反应说话者对事物的态度。
1.简单体（simple）
2.进行体（continuous）
3.完成体（perfect）
4.完成进行体（perfect continuous）
动词语态
1.主动语态
2.被动语态be+v-ed
1.谓语形式
一般现在时：表示普遍的事实或真理
Knowledge is power.
Knowledge is power only when it can be used effectively.译：机会青睐于有准备的人。
Opportunity favors the prepared minds.
一般现在时：表示普遍的事实或真理
译一译
Nothing and no one can destroy the Chinese people.They are relentless survivors.They are the oldest civilized people on earth.Their civilization passes through phases but its basic characteristics remain the same.They yield,they bend to the wind,but they never break.
没有任何东西，也没有任何人能够摧毁中国人。他们顽强地生活在这个地球上，并
且拥有最古老的文明，他们的文明经过了各阶段的演变，但仍然保持了原有的基本
特征。他们可能退让，他们遇风可能弯腰，但他们绝不会垮掉。
一般将来时：预测
I wonder what it will be like in the21st century.But from the great advances in these past years I assume that we will be entering a new golden age of miracles and wonders.Life will be fantastic in the21st century.
不知道到了21世纪我们的生活会是什么样子。但从近几年巨大的发展来看，我猜想
我们一定会进入一个全新的充满奇迹的黄金时代。21世纪的生活一定非常美好。
现在进行时：现在进行时表示将来，对将来做出计划和安排
A:The summer holidays are coming soon,Jack.What are your plans?
B:Well,Mike,I am taking my girlfriend to Qingdao.She is a beach person.
A:We’re sending our son to a holiday camp next week.
B:Oh!Does he need a holiday?
A:No,but we do!
总结：现在进行时表示将来，对将来做出计划和安排，经常用在表示行走，到达等
动词上，比如leave，go，come，arrive，take，send等。
一个事件从过去“延续”到现在；
延续性事件：一个开始于过去的动作或状态一直持续到现在。
An old woman walked out into the middle of the street.The policeman yelled to her,“Don't you know what it means when I hold up my hand?”
The lady said,"Sure I do.I have been a school teacher for28 years now.
现在完成时
我学习英语都超过十年了，但是现在还是说不好。
I have learned English for over ten years,but I still can't speak it well.
鹿晗和关晓彤已经在一起3年了，现在还没分手。
Lu Han and Guan xiaotong have been in love for three years, and they still don't break up.