全国2005年1月高等教育自学考试 语言与文化试题 课程代码00838
全国2005年1月高等教育自学考试外国文学作品选试题
全国2005年1月高等教育自学考试外国文学作品选试题课程代码：00534一、填空题(每空1分，共20分) 1.《荷马史诗》反映的是公元前12世纪初期的_______________战争。
2.《_______________》反映了古希腊人的命运观。
3.《吝啬鬼》的作者是_______________。
4.歌德晚年除《浮士德》外，还出版了长篇小说《_______________》。
5.拜伦的《东方叙事诗》主要包括《_______________》、《_______________》、《_______________》等。
6.雨果的《_______________》被称为法国浪漫主义文学运动的宣言。
7.《致大海》的作者是_______________。
8.于连是_______________的《_______________》中的主人公。
9.狄更斯1837年发表的第一部小说是《_______________》。
10.桑提亚戈是海明威《_______________》中的主人公。
11.萨特的长篇小说主要有《_______________》、《_______________》等。
12.魔幻现实主义的代表作主要有_______________的《百年孤独》。
13.《戈丹》的作者是_______________。
14.紫式部除了《源氏物语》外，流传至今的还有《_______________》、《_______________》等。
15.泰戈尔除《吉檀迦利》外的代表性诗集是《_______________》。
二、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题2分，共10分)1.1829年发表诗集《东方吟》的作者是( )。
A.歌德B.普希金C.拜伦D.雨果2.《霍乱时期的爱情》的作者是( )。
A.萨特B.卡夫卡C.马尔克斯D.伍尔芙3.以“冰山”比喻创作的作家是( )。
浙江省2005年1月高等教育自学考试
浙江省2005年1月高等教育自学考试中外音乐欣赏试题课程代码：00734一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题2分，共20分)1.乐音所具有的四个属性是( )。
A.音高、音长、音色、音强B.音区、音值、音质、音量C.音域、音长、音色、音强D.和声、旋律、调式、调性2．长于描写叙事且具有抒情性、戏剧性的单乐章管弦乐曲是( )。
A.交响诗B.奏鸣曲C.交响曲D.协奏曲3.下列曲目中哪首是属于钢琴曲？( )A.《1812序曲》B.李斯特《前奏曲》C.德彪西《大海》D.贝多芬《月光奏鸣曲》4.下列曲目中哪首是广东小曲？( )A.欢乐歌B.旱天雷C.三六D.行街5．下列属柴可夫斯基作品的是( )。
Ａ.悲怆奏鸣曲 B.1812序曲C.军队进行曲D.欢乐岛6.下列属门德尔松作品的是( )。
Ａ.仲夏夜之梦 B.六月船歌C.蓝色多瑙河D.土耳其进行曲7．下列不属于弹拨乐器的是( )。
Ａ.古筝 B.扬琴 C.笙 D.柳琴8．双簧管属于( )。
Ａ.铜管乐器 B.木管乐器C.打击乐器D.弓弦乐器9.下列哪位属于浪漫时期的作曲家？( )Ａ.海顿 B.舒伯特 C.莫扎特 D.亨德尔10.发源于欧洲中世纪的爱情歌曲，通常在黄昏或夜晚演唱，流行于西班牙、意大利等国，是下列哪种体裁？( )00734# 中外音乐欣赏试卷第1 页（共2 页）A.夜曲B.小夜曲C.前奏曲D.无言歌二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)1.音乐段落中具有相对独立的单位称为。
2. 的音，按一定的规律组织起来称为节奏。
3.旋律是由和构成的。
4.《牧神午后》的作者是。
5.《培尔·金特》的作者是。
6.贝多芬的交响曲是他创作的重要体裁，其中《第三交响曲》称，《第五交响曲》称，《第六交响曲》称，《第九交响曲》称。
三、名词解释(每小题5分，共25分)1.变奏曲式2.室内乐3.组曲4.乐段5.音色四、简答题(共30分)1.简述奏鸣曲式的结构及其在交响音乐中的表现功能。
全国年高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码
全国2004年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements if followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1.The expression “physically handicapped” is the euphemistic equivalent of “（）”.A. uglyB. skinnyC. deafD. crippled2.A（）is a small open space symbolically enclosed with very low walls and adjoining a building.A. semihouseB. balconyC. plotD. yard3.English grammar is often said to be（）because English uses frequently inflectional morphemes to indicate the grammatical relations between linguistic elements.A. paratacticB. hypotacticC. explicitD. implicit4.The word “（）”is American spelling.A. colourB. travellerC. metreD. defense5.Smiling when criticized would be considered（）in American culture.A. improperB. politeC. friendlyD. frivolous6.A meddlesome person who pries into others’ affairs is a（）.A. busmanB. busybodyC. ladies’ manD. do-gooder7.English is the language which（）.A. demonstrates more hypotactic relations than Chinese does.B. demonstrates more paratactic relations than Chinese does.C. demonstrates only hypotactic relations.D. only relies on conjunctions for sentence construction.8.The idiomatic expression “between Scylla and Charybdis” can be translated into（）.A. 费了九牛二虎之力B. 进退两难C. 坐失良机D. 昙花一现9.Nike is the name of（）in Greek mythology.A. a heroineB. the goddess of victoryC. the goddess of fortuneD. a wealthy lady10.English speakers usually give small gifts to（）on his or her birthday.A. a casual friendB. a new acquaintanceC. a public servantD. a good friend11.（）can function as an appropriate reply to an invitation.A. “Thank you very much. I’ll come if I’m free then”B. “Thank you very much. But I can’t accept your invitation”C. “That would be nice. Thank you”D. “Thank you,I’ll try to come”12.When you want to compliment the new coat Mary wears, you can say（）.A. “I like your new coat.”B. “That’s very nice coat you’re wearing. It must be very expensive.”C. “You look much younger in this coat.”D. “How much did you pay for this coat?”13.The proverbial expression “life is but a walking shadow” is derived from the works of（）.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. John MiltonC. Francis BaconD. William Shakespeare14.In English culture “green” is often associated with（）.A. experienceB. an old ageC. jealousyD. failure15.“A pedant or erudite female intellectual” can be referred to as（）.A. a blue ribbonB. a blue stockingC. a grey mareD. a greengrocer16.The effort to rescue American captive s in Iran in 1980 failed and it was called a(n)“（）” rather than a “failure”.A. incomplete successB. partial successC. intangible successD. mental success17.English speakers expect to be immediately informed of（）the letter they have received is written.A. the purpose for whichB. the reasons for whichC. the date on whichD. the place in which18.“Ticke t s, please!” said the guard, putting his head in at the window. （）everybody was holding out a ticket.A. Until thenB. To this endC. At lastD. In a moment19.Gestures that are used to help explain the spoken words are（）.A. regulatorsB. illustratorsC. adaptersD. emblems20.“A person or thing suddenly lifted from obscurity to honour or significance” can be referred to as（）.A. a CleopatraB. a PandoraC. a CinderellaD. a DavidⅡ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives cancomplete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21.When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say（）.A. “It’s very nice”B. “This is really what I want”C. “It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much ”D. “How much is it? Thank you very much”22.The English equivalents to “副” in Chinese are（）.A. lieutenantB. underC. deputyD. vice23.In English culture, “white” connotes（）.A. reactionB. deathC. innocenceD. purity24.Inductive argumentation has been related to（）.A. The linear thinking patternB. The branching thinking patternC. Inductive reasoningD. Indirect personality25.In individualistic culture,（）.A. an unexpected visitor may be refused franklyB. when you visit somebody, you could stay at his or her home for longC. it is quite common for several friends to pay respectively for what they have had in a restaurantD. it’s not common for parents to pay their children for what they have do ne for the family26.“A Pandora’s box” refers to a present or something（）.A. which the gods send to PandoraB. which brings happiness but looks uglyC. which a bride traditionally gives to a bridegroomD. which seems valuable but brings misfortune27.Much of the（）information is conveyed by eye behaviours.A. factualB. attitudinalC. emotionalD. cultural28.In general, American’s postures are more（）than the Chinese speakers’.A. casualB. aggressiveC. reservedD. appropriate29.The English speakers who expect a text to be developed linearly may find it（）.A. interesting to read a spirally developed textB. difficult to follow a spirally developed textC. illogic to develop a text spirallyD. reasonable to develop a text spirally30.“哪里” as a reply to a polite comment such as “You’re one of the top scholars in this field.” can be translated into“（）”.A. No. That’s not trueB. Not reallyC. It’s such a small fieldD. You’re jokingⅢ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31.In a formal English letter of invitation, the inviter’s name normally comes___________the invitee’s name.32.The English equivalent of内人is___________.33.The English functional equivalent to 您过奖了is___________.34.Only human beings possess what can be called ___________ in the true sense of the term.35.Never cast your ___________ before swine.36.Man proposes, God ___________.37.Many plant and place names such as “poker” and “Mississippi” in American Englis h come from ___________.38.Each language represents a unique system of meaning in ___________ ways.39.English speakers are direct people who tend to locate ___________ meaning before peripheral meaning.40.A little old woman with a wrinkle face as brown as a ___________ told us our fortune for ten pence.41.Differences in word order between Chinese and English are related to ___________.42.___________ time orientation refers to how people feel, think, or perceive time and how it influences their daily communication and lives.Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly:(12%)43.What is artistic thinking?44.What is the British equivalent for the American word “raincoat”?45.What’s the general rule in English culture when introductions are conducted?46.From which language is the word “cookie” borrowed?47.What does “a white hope” refer to?48.Are there honourifics in English? If there are, what are they?Ⅴ. Translation: (16%)49.It’s a long time since he went west.50.Rain started patter on the roof.51.You can’t judge a person according to his or her appearance.52.53.人不犯我，我不犯人。
全国2005年1月高等教育自学考试软件工程试题课程代码02333
全国2005年1月高等教育自学考试软件工程试题课程代码：02333一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，并将其号码填在题干的括号内。
每小题1分，共20分)1. 下列方法中不属于面向对象的开发方法有( )。
A. Booch方法B. Coad方法C. OMT方法D. VDM方法2. 系统流程图是一种传统工具，用于描绘( )。
A. 逻辑模型B. 程序系统C. 体系结构D. 物理系统3. 结构化分析方法是以数据流图、( )和加工说明等描述工具，即用直观的图和简洁的语言来描述软件系统模型。
A. DFD图B. PAD图C. IPO图D. DD4. 信息隐蔽概念与( )这一概念直接的相关。
A. 模块的独立性B. 模块类型的划分C. 软件结构定义D. 软件生命周期5. 在软件的概要设计中，不使用的图形工具是( )图。
A. SCB. IPOC. PADD. IDEF06. 不属于详细设计的主要工具有( )。
A. IPO图B. PAD图C. PDLD. SC7. 不属于序言性注释的有( )。
A. 模块设计者B. 修改日期C. 程序的整体说明D. 语句功能8. 单元测试阶段主要涉及( )的文档。
A. 需求设计B. 编码和详细设计C. 详细设计D. 概要设计9. 在软件测试中，白盒测试方法是通过分析程序的( )来设计测试用例的方法。
A. 应用范围B. 内部逻辑浙02333# 软件工程试题第 1 页共 4 页C. 功能D. 输入数据10. 在维护中，为边界条件的逻辑测试做出修改而引起的是( )副作用。
A. 编码B. 测试C. 文档D. 数据11. 下列选项中，不属于快速原型模型的优点是( )。
A. 可及早发现问题，随时纠正错误B. 减少技术应用风险，提高生产率C. 容易作到彻底测试，更新文档较为容易D. 适应需求变化，能有效提高系统质量12. 需求分析是分析员经了解用户的要求，认真细致地调研、分析，最终建立目标系统的逻辑模型并写出( )的过程。
全国高等教育自学考试现代语言学真题
全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2% × 10=20% )1.There is a difference between what we know, which is our linguistic competence, and how we use this knowledge in actual speech production and______, which is our linguistic performance. ( )A. creationB. communicationC. comprehensionD. perception2.The sounds that begin and end the words church and judge are voiceless and voiced ______,respectively. ( )A. affricatesB. stopsC. velarsD. palatals3.Morphemes which represent such grammatical categories as number, tense, gender, and case are called _______ morphemes. ( )A. freeB. boundC. derivationalD. inflectional4.XP may contain more than just X. Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain head, ______and complement. ( )A. modifierB. determinerC. qualifierD. specifier5. ______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form while _______ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element andnon-linguistic world of experience. ( )A. Reference, senseB. Sense, referentC. Sense, referenceD. Referent, sense6. According to J ohn Austin‟s theory of speech act, a(n) ______ act is the act of expressing the speaker‟s intention. ( )A. prelocutionaryB. locutionaryC. illocutionaryD. perlocutionary7. Sound changes may include the loss of a sound or sounds. The so-called apocope refers to the omission of a vowel segment________. ( )A. in word-initialB. in word-middleC. in word-finalD. in syllable-initial8. In contrast to Standard American English, Black English is the distinct variety of English native to black populations in the USA. We regard Black English as________. ( )A. a regional dialectB. a social dialectC. a situational dialectD. an ethnic dialect9. Among the language centers, ______is responsible for physical articulation of utterances. ( )A. the motor areaB. B roca‟s areaC. Wernicke‟s areaD. the angular gyrus10. The language at ________ stage begins to reflect the distinction between sentence-types, such as negative sentences, imperatives, and questions. ( ) A. prelinguistic B. one-wordC. two-wordD. multiwordII. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.( 1%×10=10% )11. A is one of the defining properties of human language, which means there is in general no natural relation between meanings and sounds.12. Among the three branches of phonetics, the study of the physical properties of the streams of sounds produced in speech is known as a phonetics.13. In using the morphological rules, we must guard against o in that different words may require different affixes to create the same meaning change.14. Universal Grammar is a set of principles and p of grammar which, according to Chomsky, is inherited genetically by all human beings.15. The synonyms such as economical, thrifty, and stingy are different in theire meaning.16. Most of the violations of the four maxims under the Cooperative Principle give rise to conversational i .17. When there is a need to reduce ambiguity and increase communicative clarity or expressiveness, then rule e occurs.18. A pidgin is a m language developed as a medium of trade, or through other extended but limited contact, between groups of speakers who have no other language in common.19. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called 1 .20. Language acquisition is concerned with language development in humans. Generally speaking, it ref ers to children‟s development of their f language.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so. ( 2% × 10=20% )21. ( ) “There‟s a motorcycle coming" is seen as, out of context, a statement that a motorcycle is coming. But in a particular context, it might be a warning to a pedestrian not to step onto a road. When the study of meaning is consideredin the context of use, it becomes a branch of linguistics called pragmatics. 来源:考试大-自考22．( )To distinguish between phonemes and phones，linguists use slashes ／／for phonetic segments and square brackets [ ] for phonemic segments．23．( )Prefixes modify the meaning of the stem and also change the part of speech of the original word．24．( )In addition to sentences and clauses，a syntactic category usually refers to a 1exical category or a phrasal category that performs a particular grammatical function．25．( )The word“flower”and “flour”，which are identical in sound，but different in spelling and meaning，are homophones．26．( )As the process of communication is essentially a process of conveying meaning in a certain context，pragmatics can be regarded as a kind of meaning study.27．( )The meaning representation of words may change，becoming broader, narrower, or shifted．The word knight once meant “youth”，but was elevated in meaning in the age of chivalry；When Juliet tells Romeo，“I‟m too fond.” She is not claiming she likes Romeo too much．She means “I am too foolish．”These are two examples of semantic broadening．28．( ) In sociolinguistics，speech community refers to a group of speakers who constitute a community and share the same language or a particular variety of language．Speakers of English in general might be treated as such a community.29．( )Generally speaking，the left hemisphere of the brain controls voluntarymovements of, and responds to signals from，the right side of the body．30．( )The optimum age for SLA always accords with the maxim of‟ “the younger the better”．IV. Directions: Explanin the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3% × 10=30% )31.displacement32.voicing33.morpheme34.finite clauseponential analysis36.declarations37.epenthesis38.speech variety39.linguistic relativism40.the nativist view of language acquisitionV. Directions: Answer the following questions.(10% × 2=20% )41. What is the distinction between langue and parole? Why did Saussure make such a distinction?42. What are the differences between sentence meaning and utterance meaning? And give examples to illustrate them.全国2010年1月高等教育自学考试1. The language behavior of particular persons on particular occasions isdetermined by manyother factors over and above their linguistic ______. ( )A. systemB. structureC.competenceD. performance2. When we pronounce the long vowels [i:] or [u:], our ______, which is a bonystructure at the end of the windpipe, is in a state of tension. ( )A. larynxB. hard palateC. glottisD. vocal cords3. The word “manuscript” is a two-morpheme cluster which contains ______. ( )A. two rootsB. a root and a prefixC. a root and a suffixD. a root and a free morpheme4. The grammatical knowledge is represented through Phrase Structure Rules, which state explicitly all and only the possible combinations of the ______ of a language, for example, in En glish, NP → ( Det ) (Adj) N (PP) (S). ( )A. phrasesB. clausesC. sentencesD. constituents5. The view that the meaning of a linguistic form is defined as the “situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer” wasproposed by ______. ( )A. PlatoB. Ogden and RichardsC. John FirthD. Bloomfield6. According to John Austin's theory of speech act, a(n) ______ act is thechange brought about by the utterance. ( )A. prelocutionaryB. locutionaryC. illocutionaryD. perlocutionary7. In 1786, Sir William Jones suggested that ______ bore to Greek and Latin a stronger affinity than could possibly have been produced by accident.（）A. GermanicB. PersianC. SanskritD. Lithuanian8. The existence of taboo words and taboo ideas stimulates the creation ofeuphemism, which shows that a word or phrase not only has a linguistic denotative meaning but also has a ______.( )A. conceptual meaningB. connotative meaningC. cultural meaningD. social meaning9. Dichotic listening research tells us a signal coming in the left ear will first go to the ______ hemisphere, from where it is transferred to the left side of thebrain for processing. （）A. rightB. leftC. frontD. back10. Studies of the effects of formal instruction on second language acquisitionsuggest that formal instruction may help learners perform some of thefollowing types of tasks except ______.( )A. planned speechB. writingC. casual and spontaneous conversationD. career-oriented examination来源:考试大-自考II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1% ×10=10%)11. Double a refers to the property of language which means language is composed of discrete units at two levels. At the lower level there is a structure of sounds, which are meaningless. At the higher level there are morphemesand words, which are meaningful.12. In the production of v , the back of the tongue is brought into contact withthe soft palate, or velum, e.g., [k] in cat, [g] in get and [η] in sting.13. Morphological rules are the rules that govern which affix can be added towhat type ofs to form a new word.14. A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises anumber of words. Aphrase structure tree diagram assigns a h structure to sentences.15. The words such as “pop” meaning a certain sound and “pop” meaningpopular are in relationship of c homonyms.16. The c view in the discussion of semantics is often considered as the initialeffort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense.17. Extensive changes in rules of morphology have occurred in the history of English. English has lost most of its i endings, by which it is no longer possibleto identify the functional roles of nouns.18. Diglossia describes any stable linguistic situation, in which there exists astrict fdifferentiation between a low-variety or L-variety and a high variety or H-variety.19. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particularhemisphere of the brain is called l .20. I is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of secondlanguage acquisition.III. Directions: Judge whether each, of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. （2% × 10=20%)21.（）According to Hall (1968), language is "the institution whereby humanscommunicate and interact with each other by means of habitually used oral-auditory arbitrary symbols." Most linguists today accept the view of language as a set of "habitually used symbols."22.（）Intonation refers to a distinctive pattern of tones over stretch of speech in principle longer than a word, in other words, when pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they arecollectively known as intonation.23.（）Suffixes are added to the end of stems, during the process of which they modify the meaning of the original word but usually do not change its part ofspeech.24.（）When we say a sentence has two levels of structure, D-structure and S-structure, we do not mean that the syntactic representations of these two levels must be different. Since syntactic movement occurs to all sentences, sothe representations of the twolevels look different.25.（）“He has been to New York”presupposes “He has been to America”.26.（）John Searle made a distinction between what he called“constatives”and “performatives”.27.（）Regularization of exceptional plural forms of nouns constantly occurs. By analogy to foe/foes, and dog/dogs, English speakers started saying cows as the plural of cow instead of the earlier plural kine. This analogical change does not occur when words are borrowed from foreign languages.28.（）The common English address terms are First Name (e.g., John), Last Name (e.g., Smith), Title + Last Name (e.g., Dr. Green), Title + Title (e.g., Mr.President), Title alone (e.g., Sir) and Kin term (e.g., Dad). And outside of marked settings, between friends, neighbours and colleagues, first names arealways preferred.29.（）Thanks to cerebral plasticity, people suffering damage to the left hemisphere are able to transfer their language centers to the right hemisphereand to reacquire the lost linguistic skills with relatively little disruption. 30.（）The earliest sounds produced by infants can be considered as earlylanguageIV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration, if necessary. ( 3% × 10=30% )31. design features32. narrow transcription33. bound morphemes34. deep structure35. hyponymy36. commissives37. sound assimilation38. idiolect39. Wernicke's area40. interferenceV. Directions: Answer the following questions.( 10% ×2=20% )41. Please illustrate the syntactic and semantic features of compounds inEnglish language with examples.42. Please explicate how language and thought develop and blend each otherin order to understand the relationship between language andthought.from:全国2009年1月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830I. Directions：Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of th e four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A，B，C，or D in the brackets. (2%×10=-20％)1. Phonetics provides the means to describe the speech sounds，showing how they differ； phonology tells us that they function as ______，acting to contrast words. ( )A. sounds unitsB. sound featuresC. phonemesD. allophones2. Alphabetic spelling represents the pronunciation of words；but it is often the case that the sounds of the words in a language are rather u nsystematically represented by ______· ( )A. writingB. orthographyC. transcriptionD. phonology3. ______morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes，either free or bound，to form a word. ( )A. BoundB. FreeC. InflectionalD. Derivational4. _______ categories refer to combination of words of different categories，such as noun phrases(NP)，verb phrases(VP)in English. ( )A. LexicalB. PhrasalC. SemanticD. Logical5. In semantic analysis of a sentence， a(n)______ is a logical participant in a predication， largely identical with the nominal element(s)in a sentence. ( )A. argumentB. subjectC. objectD. attribute6. Of the three speech acts a speaker might be performing simultaneously wh en speaking， linguists are most interested in the ______ act because it is identical with the speaker‟s intention. ( )A. performativeB. constativeC. illocutionaryD. perlocutionary7. Middle English began with the arrival of the Norman French invaders in Eng land under William the Conqueror in 1066. For about a century and a half afte r the Norman Conquest， Middle English was heavily influenced by French，most noticeably in large and central areas of ______. ( )A. vocabularyB. pronunciationC. morphologyD. syntax8. Depending on the demands of a particular communicative situation，bilingual or multilingual speakers may change between language varieties in t he middle of speech or even in the middle of a sentence. Such a situation is k nown as ______. ( ) A. bilingualismB. multilingualismC. diglossiaD. code-switching9. Language disorder resulting from a damage to ______ area in the brain reveals word-finding difficulties and problems with syntax. ( )A. Wernicke‟sB. Broca‟sC. Gage‟sD. Genies10. Studies on the effects of formal instruction on second language acquisition show that formal instruction may help learners perform some types of tasks E XCEPT ______. ( ) A. planned speechB. writingC. career-oriented examD. casual and spontaneous conversationII. Directions：Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word，the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)11. M linguistics，unlike the linguistic study normally known as “grammar” which sets models and rules for language users to follow，is mostly descriptive，i.e.，it attempts to describe the language people actually use，be it “correct” or not.12. Many languages，including English，have vowels called d ，which could also be described as a sequence of two vowels.13. A r is often seen as part of a word；it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning；it must be combined with another similar form or an affix to form a word.14. In a complex sentence，the incorporated，or subordinate，clause is normally called an e clause.15. In the English vocabulary there are two categories of words：nwords and borrowed words.16. “Your money or your life!” aims to threaten，and it is a specific instance of d 17. Back formation refers to a process by whi ch new words are coined from already existing words by taking away an a thought to be part of the old word，for example，edit derived from editor on the mistaken assumption that “-or” was the agentive suffix.18. In the 1969 edition of the American Heritage Dictionary，examples used to illustrate the meaning of words include “manly courage‟‟ an d “masculine charm. ‟‟Women do not fare as well. as exemplified by “womanis h tears‟‟ and “feminine wiles.‟‟ This indicates that language reflects s in society.19. The c period hypothesis refers to a period in one‟s life extending from ab out age two to puberty, during which the human brain is most ready to acquire a particular language. 20. Although they lack grammatical morphemes，t sentences in the multiword stage are not simply words randomly strung tog ether, but follow the principles of sentence formation.III. Directions：Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false，you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. (2%×10=20％)21. ( )Animal communication system also possesses the feature of displacement. In other words，it can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations.22. ( )Vowels usually constitute the nucleus of syllable，so they are typically syllabic. Consonants cannot be syllabic. The same is true of English consonants. 23. ( )Xbar theory and phrase structure rules are similar, and they play the same roles in explaining the internal structures of la nguage. 24. ( )Transformational rules are the rules that we use to generali ze the syntactic movement that occurs when a constituent in a sentence move s out of its original place to a new position. 25. ( )A grammatically well-for med sentence may be a semantically ill-formed sentence.26. ( )While conversation participants nearly always observe the Cooperati ve Principle， they do not always observe these maxims strictly. 27. ( )Th e Great Vowel Shift did not lead to the discrepancies between the pronunciati on and the spelling system of Moden English. 28. ( )Diglossia describes any stable linguistic situation，in which there exists a strict grammatical differentiation between a high variety or H-variety and a low variety or L-variety.29. ( )Language functions are believed to be lateralized primarily in the righ t hemisphere of the brain. 30. ( )No language is inferior or superior to anyother language，and no single human， except those with mental or physical impairments，is a better or worse language acquirer than any other human.IV. Directions：Explain the following terms，using one or two examples for illustration，if necessary. (3％×10=30％)31. arbitrariness32. distinctive features33. Universal Grammar34. Move35. contextualism36. comparative reconstruction37. speech community38. interpersonal communication39. 1inguistic determinism and relativism40. 1anguage acquisitionV. Directions：Answer the following questions. (10％×2=20％)41. Use appropriate phrase structure rules to draw a labeled constituent struct ure tree diagram for each of the following sentences. 1) The naughty boy cheated his teacher.2) The old man put the book on the table.3) I think that you are from the South.42. Distinguish sentence meaning and utterance meaning by using examples.来源:考试大-自考全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide whi ch one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the lett er A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1.The distinction between langue and parole was made by _______ early lastcentury.( )A. American linguist N. ChomskyB. Swiss linguist F. de SaussureC. American linguist Edward SapirD. British linguist J. R. Firth2.The sounds that begin and end the words church and judge are voiceless and voiced _______, respectively.( )A. stopsB. fricativesC. affricatesD. plosives3.In the word unreliable, the prefix "un-" is a(n) _______ morpheme.( )A. freeB. boundC. rootD. inflectional4.Words in a sentence are organized into groups of lexical _______, commonly known as partsof speech.( )A. verbsB. nounsC. phrasesD. categories5.The words stationary and stationery are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning. They are _______.( )A. complete homonymsB. homographsC. hyponymsD. homophones6. The illocutionary point of _______ is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.( )A. directivesB. expressivesC. commissivesD. representatives7. Grimm pointed out that certain phonological changes must have occurred e arly in the history of the Germanic languages, which did not take place in _______, Greek, or Latin.( )A. EnglishB. SanskritC. GermanD. Danish8. Language planning refers to any attempt by a government, etc. to choose a particular speech variety and spread the use of it, including its pronunciation and spelling systems, across _______ boundaries.( )A. socialB. regionalC. culturalD. political9. The case of Phineas Gage showed us that _______.( )A. human language ability is not located in the brain because Phineas' brain was so damaged and he could still speakB. human language ability is located in the right hemisphere of the brainC. if human language ability is located in the brain, it is not situated right at thebackD. if human language ability is located in the brain, it is not situated right at thefront10. The Chinese sound/d/in English interlanguage pronunciation of "dat" for "that" belongs to _______ error.( )A. fossilizationB. transferC. interferenceD. overgeneralizationII. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with o ne word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the lettergiven. (1% ×10=10%)11. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d_______.12. If you say door, new, two, senior, zoo, you will notice that the first sounds i n all these words are a_______ sounds. The t and s are voiceless, and d, n and z are voiced. Only n is nasal.13. The word snowfall is a word formed by joining two separate words, i.e. "sn ow" and "fall." This newly formed word is generally regarded as a c_______.14. A c_______ sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, suchas "and," "but," "or."15. Pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items are called r_______ opposites.16. All the speech acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose or the same i_______ point, but they differ in their strength or force. 17. The [d] of spindle is developed between an adjacent [n] and [l]. Such a pro cess or change in which successive sounds are separated by an intervening segment is known as e_______.18. The two (or possibly more) groups use their native languages as a basis f or a rudimentary language of few lexical items and "straightforward" grammati cal rules. Such a m_______ language is called pidgin.19. The brain's neurological specialization for language is called linguistic l_______, which psycholinguists are particularly interested in.20. Within the framework of C_______ Analysis, second language learning w as believed to be a matter of overcoming the differences between L 1 and L2systems.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each state ment. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think s o and then give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)21.( ) The arbitrary nature of language makes it possible for language to havean unlimited source of expressions.22.( ) When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment that occurs in the same place in the string, then the two words are called minimal pairs. Sip and zip are a minimal pair, as are fine and vine, andveal and leaf.23.( ) The meaning of a compound is the combination of the meanings of thewords in the compound.24.( ) The structure that occurs after movement takes place is what we term as surface structure.25.( ) The predication analysis of a sentence only applies to statements and interrogative forms.26.( ) Speech act theory was proposed by the British philosopher John Austinin the late 1950s.27.( ) Derivation covers various processes of word formation by the addition of affixes, such as the creation of adjectives from nouns (professional < professi on), nouns from verbs (computer < compute), adjectives from verbs (conceiva ble < conceive), and verbs from nouns (eulogize < eulogy).28.( ) In Black English, when the verb is negated, the indefinite pronouns som ething, somebody, and some become the negative indefinites nothing, nobody , and none, such as He don't know nothing. Such double negation constructio ns indicate that speakers of Black English are deficient because they use language "illogically."29.( ) The right hemisphere controls voluntary movements of, and responds tosignals from, the right side of the body.30.( ) Language acquisition is primarily the acquisition of the grammatical system of language.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3% ×10=30%)31. displacement32. general linguistics33. assimilation rule34. derivational affix33. hierarchical structure36. semantic triangle37. grammatical meaning38. cooperative principle39. high variety40. right ear advantageV. Directions: Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41. New words can be formed in many ways. Please illustrate borrowing, compounding, blending and back-formation, each with two examples.42. Describe briefly what stages children go through in their first language acquisition.。
2005年1月自考大学语文(本)真题(1)
2005年1月自考大学语文（本）真题(1)各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1 分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.下列文章中，属于先秦历史散文的是（）a.《季氏将伐颛臾》b. 《寡人之于国也》c.《赵威后问齐使》d. 《谏逐客书》2.庄子在《秋水》中用“吾在天地之间，犹小石小木之在大山”作比喻，所论证的道理是（）a.国君要以德治国b. 为政要以民为本c.个人的认识十分有限d. 立言的根本在于道德3.在《五代史伶官传序》中，最能体现全文中心论点的语句是（）a.“盛衰之理，虽曰天命，岂非人事哉”b.“祸患常积于忽微，智勇多困于所溺”c.“满招损，谦得益”d.“忧劳可以兴国，逸豫可以亡身”4.在《论毅力》中，作者用以突出只有毅力至强方能取得事业最终成功这一中心旨意的修辞手法是（）a.比喻b. 层递c.排比d. 比拟5 鲁迅在《灯下漫笔》中说：“‘复古家’尽可不必悲观的，太平的景象还在：常有年兵燹，常有水旱。
”这里运用的表现手法是（）a.象征b. 对比c. 铺垫d. 反讽6.下列《论学问》中的例证，用来说明“精神上的缺陷可以用相应的学问来补救”这一道理的是（）a.天赋有如野生花草，需要学问修剪b.史鉴使人明智，博物使人深沉c.缓步有益于胃，骑马有益于头脑d.一个人心志不专，顶好研究数学7.在《张中丞传后叙》中，写张巡“就戮时，颜色不乱，阳阳如平常”，这种人物描写方法是（）a.言语描写b. 行为描写c.心理描写d. 肖像描写8.在《种树郭橐驼传》中，被郭橐驼指斥为“虽曰爱之，其实害之”的行为是（）a.“爪其肤以验其生枯”b. “其莳也若子，其置也若弃”c.“其培之也，若不过焉则不及”d. “其土欲故，其筑欲密”9.《马伶传》中体现主旨的关键情节是（）a.马伶与李伶的第一次技艺较量b.马伶与李伶的第二次技艺较量c.马伶偷以当朝宰相顾秉谦为师d.华林部夜访马伶然后罗拜而去10. 《香市》中描绘往昔香市的热闹情景，其主要目的是（）a.追忆儿时的美好记忆b. 向往昔日的繁华c.反衬今日香市的冷落d. 暴露农村的落后11. 《诗经》中保存民歌最多的是（）a.国风b. 小雅c. 大雅d. 颂12. 曹操《短歌行》的主旨是（）a.感慨人生苦短，忧从中来b. 感伤亲朋离散，孤苦无依c.感叹功业无成，借酒浇愁d. 渴望招纳贤才，建功立业13. 王昌龄《从军行》（青海长云暗雪山）是一首（）a.七言绝句b. 七言古诗c.七言律诗d. 长短句14. 柳永《八声甘州》上片的抒情方法是（）a.直抒胸臆b. 借景抒情c.借叙事抒情d. 借典故抒情15. 陆游《关山月》中，贯穿全诗始终的景物是（）a.关b. 山c. 月d. 沙16. 在闻一多《一句话》中，隐喻“民众革命”的事物是（）a.火山b. 铁树c. 火山爆发d. 青天霹雳17. 在《炉中煤》中，象征着祖国和中华民族获得新生的诗句是（）a.我不辜负你的殷勤，你也不要辜负了我的思量b.要我这黑奴的胸中，才有火一样的心肠c.我活埋在地底多年，到今朝总得重见天光d.我为我心爱的人儿，燃到了这般模样18. 高尔基《鹰之歌》开头和结尾的环境描写所采用的主要表现手法是（）各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢。
全国全高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题 课程代码新
全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ．Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives．Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement．(20%)1．Venus is the Roman god of ．( )A．beauty and love B．agricultureC．the departed spirits D．the sea2．The expression “to kick the bucket” means ．( )A．to be angry B．to go awayC．to die D．to get out3．Oscar is a ．( )A．religious name B．flower nameC．name of authority D．weapon name4．In English culture “green” connotes ．( )A．longevity B．prosperityC．immaturity D．sincerity5．The phrasal verb “look towards” corresponds in meaning to the single word: ( )A．inspect B．examineC．seek D．anticipate6．The English-speaking people use the word “chicken” metaphorically to refer to ．( ) A．a small creature B．a cowardC．a fool D．a hero7．Camellia is a ．( )A．religious name B．flower nameC．weapon name D．name of authority8．A game played on horseback by two teams of players on a ground is called ．( ) A．hockey B．poloC．rugby D．golf9．A sweet dish typically composed of fruit baked with pastry is called ．( )A．hamburger B．sandwichC．hot dog D．pudding10．The nonverbal messages that are consistent with accompanying verbal messages, but add to or strengthen or clarify the verbal message serve the function of ．( )A．regulating B．repeatingC．complementing D．accenting11．The word coined in 1971 to refer to either a male or a female who presides over a meeting or an organization is “”．( )A．chair-sitter B．chairpersonC．president D．pressman12．The racist word for persons of Italian of Spanish birth or descent is “_______”．( )A．Dagos B．KikesC．Japs D．Polacks13．Textual connectives are used to link ______．（）A．words and phrases in a sentence B．clauses in a sentenceC．sentences and paragraphs D．different texts14．贵府is equivalent to in English．（）A．your honorable home B．your homeC．your valuable house D．your house 15．Language, culture, and thought , each influencing and shaping the other two．（）A．alternate B．changeC．interact D．substitute16．“Chewing one’s finger nails”signifies ．（）A．contempt B．guiltyC．happiness D．worry17．The relationship between language and culture is that ．（）A．language and culture interact B．culture determines languageC．language determines culture D．language and culture are parallel18．The distance zone ranging from 18 inches to about four feet is referred to as the ______zone．（）A．intimate B．publicC．casual-personal D．socio-consultative19．Which of the following sentences demonstrates hypotactic relation?（）A．Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast．B．I think he is right．C．I told him exactly when I would leave for Paris．D．He bought tea, coffee, eggs, milk, etc．20．The difference found in answers to negative questions between English and Chinese demonstrates that _______．（）A．English speakers are direct and Chinese speakers are indirectB．English speakers are individualistic and Chinese speakers are politeC．English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic languageD．Chinese speakers are strongly influenced by the environment, the way in which the question is formed, while English speakers are notⅡ．Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives．Read eachstatement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement．There might be more than one correct answer．(10%) 21．“To be all thumbs” is synonymous to “________”．（）A．to be proud B．to be clumsyC．to be good at doing something D．to be bad at doing something22．“黑面包” can be translated into “________”．（）A．black bread B．blue breadC．brown bread D．red bread23．“_________” is an euphemism for “lavatory”．（）A．Bathroom B．Comfort roomC．Convenient room D．Powder room24．When people are introduced, ________．（）A．they always shake handsB．they normally shake hands in formal or business situationsC．they do not always shake handsD．men shake hands more often than women25．In English speaking countries, ________ are frequently advertised．（）A．sexual service B．domestic serviceC．medicines D．cigarette26．Body language includes such meaning representing devices as（）A．facial expressions B．gesturesC．dress D．artifacts27．Which one is right in the following statements? （）A．Hypotactic language is unambiguous and paratactic language is ambiguous．B．Hypotactic language like English relies on conjunctions for sentence construction．C．Paratactic language like Chinese never relies on conjunctions for sentence construction．D．Hypotactic and paratactic relations can be found in both English and Chinese．28．Conceptual meaning refers to __________ content．（）A．cognitive B．stylisticC．associative D．logical29．In a flowery Chinese descriptive text one can find quite a number of ________．（）A．adjectives and adverbs B．hyperbolesC．four-character expressions D．similes and metaphors30．Culture in its technical sense is _________．（）A．human specific B．a social phenomenonC．a national phenomenon D．a historical phenomenonⅢ．Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression．(12%)31．The word in American English for “电梯” is _______________．32．In informal situations English speakers tend to address others by using their ________ names．33．Conceptual meaning is the ____________ a word conveys．34．It is often said that English is a language with _______________ grammar and Chinese a language with ___________ grammar．35．The English equivalent idiom for “开某人玩笑” or “捉弄某人” is ______________．36．If he’d thought I would sit there meek as a ___________ while he abused my family, he must have got a real surprise．37．But this is an odd thing, though he’s impulsive, he’s as stubborn as a _____________．38．When we talk about international affairs, “___________” may be used as the euphemism for a “military action”．39．It has been claimed that the linear development of English texts is caused by the ________ thinking style preferred by English speakers．40．The connective “further” in “My client says he does not know this witness．Further, he denies even having seen her or spoken to her．” indicates a(n) relation between sentences．41．Language is vocal, which means that speech is the of language．42．Of the five categories of gestures are perhaps the most important one because they are intentional behaviours with widely agreed meanings in a society．Ⅳ．Answer the following questions briefly．(12%)43．What is the major contrast between English and Chinese letters of request?44．What is the British equivalent for the American word “schedule”?45．What does the expression “a white elephant” mean?46．What is a future-oriented society?47．Which aspect of English culture does the proverb “an Englishman’s house is his castle”reflect?48．Why are branching sentence patterns preferred in English?Ⅴ．Translation．(16%)49．Would you like some more of this fish?50．Wine ended him．51．Besides football, the most popular games in the United States are baseball and basketball．52．Old-fashioned notions have no place in today’s society．53．The theory of relativity gave birth to an enormous number of ideas in physics．54．敬请光临。
全国年月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题
绝密★考试结束前全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and blacken your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20%)1. Language is vocal. This statement means that the primary medium of language is _____.A. writingB. speechC. body languageD. native language2. A person who cannot read or write is only an “illiterate”. However, a person who cannot speak is normally regarded as“disabled”. This fa ct shows _____.A. speech existed long before the writing system came into beingB. normal children always learn to speak firstC. speech is more important than writing for people’s daily lifeD. written symbols are designed to represent speech3. “Statesman” and “politician” can both be used to refer to a high gover nment official. “Politician” conveys a derogative meaning while “statesman” does not. In this sense, the two words are mainly distinguished by their _____ meaning.A. conceptualB. connotativeC. socialD. affective4. Which of the following pairs of English expressions and their Chinese equivalents is NOT correct?A. house-warming—房屋供暖B. wall clock—挂钟C. stop watch—跑表D. contact lenses—隐形眼镜5. In which sentence does “it” function on ly as a grammatical subject and not refer to anything?Sentence 1: It is raining.Sentence 2: It is 9:00 o ’clock.Sentence 3: It is very cold.Sentence 4: It is my book.A. Sentence 1,2B. Sentence 3,4C. Sentence 1,2,3D. Sentence 2,3,46. How many morphemes are there in the word “international”?7. You invite your English speaking friend to have dinner in your house. When he compliments that the food is very tasty, your response might be “_____”.A. No, it’s not good at all.B. Thank you. I’m glad you like it.C. You are so nice to say so.D. My cooking is poor.8. “Excuse me” can be used in the following occasions EXCEPT _____.A. when people want to pass in front of othersB. when people want to leave a partyC. when people are a few minutes late for an appointmentD. when people want to excuse themselves from company9. “Red tape” means _____.A. a red cassetteB. the rigid unnecessary official rules and regulationsC. the necessary official rules and regulationsD. a red string10. The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴” canbe“ _____”.A. rats desert a sinking shipB. a small leak will sink a great shipC. he that would sail without danger must never come on the main seaD. let another’s shipwreck be your seamark11. What does the expression “a blue fit” mean in informal English?A. a girl’s dressB. alarmC. unhappy feelingsD. a sad day12. What is the meaning of “a bear” in “He is a bear at fine arts.”?A. a huge guyB. a wealthy manC. good atD. clumsy13. A Chinese shows respect not only to a superior as his interlocutor. He uses honorifics to refer to his superior no matter whether his superior is present or not. For example, an emperor was called _____ when he was referred to in speeches or letters.A. 殿下B. 皇帝C. 陛下D. 圣上14. Euphemisms are also frequently used in education. If a teacher describes a student as “being able to do better workwith help”, he might mean that the student is _____.A. slowB. lazyC. cheating in classD. lying15. The logical relation the sentences below exhibit is _____.－Are your parents coming to the Expo Sites?－Yes, they are.A. coherenceB. cohesionC. connectionD. conduction16. What is the logical relation of the sentences below?“Tickets, please. ” said the conductor. In a moment passengers were holding out their tickets.A. additiveB. adversativeC. causalD. temporal17. Uranium is the god of _____.A. heavens and father of TitansB. the sea, son of Saturn and brother of JupiterC. agriculture and father of JupiterD. the sky and the king of the gods18. In contemporary legal documents _____ are used thinly.A. loan wordsB. adjectivesC. punctuation marksD. long sentences19. Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger signifies_____ in English speaking countries.A. surpriseB. good luckC. victoryD. frustration20. In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors in interpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligationII. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement and blacken your answer(s) on the ANSWER SHEET. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%) 21. Language is not entirely arbitrary. The words which have association with the sounds or the meaning of the compounds are not arbitrary. Which of the following English or Chinese words are NOT created arbitrarily?A. redB. greenhouseC. 钉子D. 叮当22. Affective meaning is communicated when the feelings or attitudes are expressed in language.Which of the following expressions are chiefly used to convey affective meaning?A. My god!B. It’s my book.C. You are a liar.D. You are a student.23. Which of the following words have more than one morpheme?A. beesB. mapC. herD. nicer24. The personal names related to the date of birth are quite popular in China. Which of the following names can reflect such feature?A. 蒋飞扬B.贾元春C. 蔡国庆D.潘长江25. “To ride one’s high horse” means _____.A. to be proudB. to be haughtyC. to be energeticD. to be arrogant26. “Purple” in English culture is often associated with_____.A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something best27. Which of the following is the euphemism of “poor”?A. needyB. underprivilegedC. shabbyD. disadvantaged28. In the normal text sentences are connected _____.A. arbitrarilyB. hypotacticallyC. paratacticallyD. randomly29. Regulators, which help us to interact with other people, include _____.A. head-scratchingB. hand gesturesC. lip-bitingD. head nods30. Human beings have a strong sense of territory and their territories can be classified into the following categories _____.A. privateB. publicC. primaryD. secondary非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
全国2005年1月高等教育自学考试
浙江省2005年4月高等教育自学考试房地产投资分析试题课程代码：00171一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题1分，共24分)1. 车站属于建成后的（）。
A. 居住物业B. 商业物业C. 工业物业D. 特殊物业2. 以下经济量中，（）不是构成房地产开发投资项目现金流量的基本要素。
A. 投资B. 成本C. 收入D. 折现率3. 某人储备养老金，每年年末存款1000元，已知银行存款利率为6%，20年后他的养老金总数应用（）计算。
A. 等额序列支付储存基金系数B. 等额序列支付资金回收系数C. 等额序列支付终值系数D. 等额序列支付现值系数4. 已知某项目的计息周数为月，利率为8‰，则项目的名义利率为（）。
A. 8‰B. 8%C. 9.6%D. 9.6‰5. 对于（），通常开发商以出售为主来回收资金，而且多为按套出售。
A. 写字楼B. 商业用房C. 工业厂房D. 居住物业6. 按照国家有关法律规定，居住用地的出让年限为（）年。
A. 70B. 50C. 40D. 607. （）会导致对商品住宅需求增长。
A. 收入减少B. 利率上调C. 其他商品价格上扬D. 贷款条件增加8. 房地产开发项目可行性研究的主要工作内容不包括（）。
A. 项目概况B. 具体设计方案的选择C. 资源供给D. 项目经济及社会效益分析9. 会计报表与财务报告、销售业绩报告、顾客反馈意见等方面所记载的数据，是原始（）。
A. 企业外部数据B. 企业内部数据C. 市场分析数据D. 开发成本数据10. 以单位工程量投资乘以工程量得到单项工程投资的估算方法是（）。
A. 工程量近似匡算法B. 概算指标法C. 单元估算法D. 单位指标估算法11. 项目按行业的基准收益率或设定的目标收益率i c，将各年的净现金流量折算到开发活动-第1 页共5 页-起始点的现值之和称为（）。
A. 资产负债率B. 财务净现值C. 投资收益率D. 投资回收期12. 分析利润为零时项目的成本、售价或销售率所处的状态称为（）。
全国2005年1月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(二)试题
全国2005年1月高等教育自学考试英语阅读（二）试题课程代码：00596Ⅰ.Match the words from Column A with the definitions from Column B.(15%)A. B.1.fasten A. eat very quickly2.vaguely B. not clearly felt3.utterly C. fix firmly4.gobble D. dark with clouds5.strengthen E. completely6.probe F. animal living by killing and eating other animals7.predator G. an apparatus sent into the sky to examine the conditions in outer space8.overcastH. make sth. strong or stronger9.figure I. fixed regular pay10.approximatelyJ. moreover or in addition11.famine K. change one’s place of living12.assemble L. fit or put together13.migrate M. serious lack of food14.furthermoreN. nearly, almost15.salaryO. symbol for a numberⅡ. All the following sentences are taken from the textbook. Study eachsentence carefully and choose A,B,C or D that has the closest meaning to the underlined word or phrase.(15%)1.What breathtaking impertinence to advertise 1p OFF your soap or washing powder or dog food or whatever.A. very disgustingB. frighteningC. excitedD. very unusual and astonishing2.The person thanked me and put me completely at ease.A. brought...troubleB. freed...from painC. made...nervousD. fortable3.Not only will these questions help you understand a person’s needs, you also strengthen rapport by showing concern and listening.A. peaceful atmosphereB. friendly relationshipC. recognitionD. mutual understanding4.Concentrated eye contact helps you listen more effectively, and customers intuitively respect people who look them in the eyes.A. consciouslyB. directlyC. weaklyD. gradually5.So exploration of the solar system is more or less underway.A. in progressB. in preparationC. moving awayD. in the way6....my wife had slipped me the housekeeping before going on holiday...A. escaped fromB. got free fromC. leftD. given secretly7.Errors occur because men grow tired and can be distracted.A. be cheatedB. get confusedC. have their attention drawn away from what they are doingD. become anxious and restless8.Regardless of their direction or form, computer developments and uses of the future will depend on the cleverness and skill of men.A. without respect forB. without what happens toC. without worrying aboutD. without being troubled by9.Harry Paulinanas,23,also from Sydney, said he was still stunned hours after the attack.A. surprisedB. shockedC. worriedD. unconscious10.The windscreen and five of its windows had been shattered by the gunfire.A. brokenB. scatteredC. shotD. blown away11.Inside,scores of Egyptian officials shouted orders and questions as they herded a crowd of frightened tourists into the restaurant.A. looked afterB. fedC. droveD. took12.As they filed by, they passed a bottle of water still intact that lay in a pool of blood.A. untouchedB. completeC. brokenD. undamaged13.Her frail legs were covered with shrapnel and glass wounds.A. injuredB. frontC. brokenD. weak14.Radical groups have in the past targeted foreign tourists in an effort to cripple the country’s tourist industry.A. aimed atB. directed towardsC. shot atD. made a goal of15.The spate of shootings had appeared to be easing recently.A. relaxingB. weakeningC. feeling at homeD. becoming less tightⅢ.Reading Comprehension(40%)Reading Passage 1The range in frequencies of musical sounds is approximately 20－20,000 cycles per second(Hz).Some people can hear higher frequencies than others. Longitudinal(纵向的) waves whose frequencies are higher than those within the audible range are called ultrasonic frequencies. Ultrasonic frequencies are used in sonar for such purposes as submarine detection and depth finding. Ultrasonic frequencies are also being triedfor sterilizing food since these frequencies kill some bacteria. Sound waves of all frequencies in the audible range travel at the same speed in the same medium. In the audible range, the higher the frequency of the sound the higher is the pitch. The term supersonic refers to speed greater than sound. An airplane traveling at supersonic speed is moving at a speed of sound in air at that temperature. Mach 1 means a speed equal to that of sound; Mach 2 means a speed equal to twice that of sound, etc. Musical sounds have three basic characteristics: pitch, loudness, and quality or timbre. As was indicated above, pitch is determined largely by the frequency of the wave reaching the ear. The higher the frequency the higher is the pitch. Loudness depends on the amplitude of the wave reaching the ear. For a given frequency, the greater the amplitude of the wave the louder the sound. To discuss quality of sound we need to clarify the concept of overtones. Sounds are produced by vibrating objects; if these objects are given a gentle push, they usually vibrate at one definite frequency producing a pure tone. This is the way a tuning fork is usually used. When objects vibrate freely after a force is momentarily applied, they are said to produce their natural frequency. Some objects, like strings and air columns, can vibrate naturally at more than one frequency at a time. The lowest frequency which an object can produce when vibrating freely is known as the object’s fundamental frequency; other frequencies that the object can produce are known as its overtones. The quality of asound depends on the number and relative amplitude of the overtones present in the wave reaching the ear.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to ______.A. define the nature and quality of musical soundsB. analyze what gives a work of art its musical qualityC. explain the applications of ultrasonic frequenciesD. explore the influence of wave length on musical appreciation2.The style and content of this passage indicate that it is most likely an excerpt from ______.A. an informal article written for a popular magazineB. a scholarly monograph on aestheticsC. a college textbook on music theoryD. a critique of music education at school3.According to the author, the timbre of a musical sound is dependent on ______A. amplitudeB. frequencyC. overtonesD. speed4.According to the passage, ultrasonic frequencies are ______.A. inaudibleB. excessively fastC. characterized by a great amplitudeD. death rays5.Which of the following individuals would be most likely to use terms like Mach 5 or Mach 9?A. a helicopter pilotB. a musicianC. an astronautD. a submarine navigatorReading Passage 2Writing being largely a self-taught occupation, texts on how to get about it—though great in number —seldom are of much use.You try and fail. Then try again, and perhaps fail not quite so grievously. Until at last, if you have some aptitude for it, the failures become less frequent, or at any rate less noticeable.It is this ability to conceal one’s defects that passes, finally, for accomplishment.Along the way there are the discouragements of unkind criticism, outright rejection, nagging insecurity and intermittent inability to meet debts.It is uncommon, therefore, to come across a book containing advice of much practical value for anyone toying with the dangerous idea of embarking on a writing life.An acquaintance recently loaned me such a book, however-one I wish I’d had the luck to read years ago, and which I would commend to any young person bent on making a career of words. It is the slender autobiography of the English novelist Anthony Trollope, first published in 1883,the year after his death.Needing some means to support himself, Trollope at the age of 19 signed on as a junior clerk in the British postal service. He was at his deskat 5∶30 each morning to write for three hours. And he remained in the mail service 33 years, long after reputation and prosperity had come to him.Now, what of his advice?1.For safety’s sake, arm yourself with some other skills, some other line of work to fall back on. That way, failure at writing, though the disappointment may be keen, will not mean utter ruin.2.Do not depend overly much on inspiration. Writing is a craft, which Trollope compared to the craft of shoemaking. The shoemaker who has just turned out one pair of his shoes sets to work immediately on the next pair.3.Have a story to tell, but, more important than that, people with characters who will speak and move as living creatures in the reader’s mind. Without memorable characters, story alone is noting.4.Meet your deadlines. Life is endlessly “painful and troublesome” for writers who can’t finish their work on time.5.Do not be inflated by praise. And, above all, do not be crushed by criticism.6.Understand the risks of writing for a living.“The career, when successful, is pleasant enough certainly; but when unsuccessful, it is of all careers the most agonizing.”6.In this passage the author mainly discusses ______.A. the difficulties and risks of making a career of wordsB. the futility of instructions contained in writing manualsC. the autobiography of the 19th English novelist Anthony TrollopeD. sound advice provided in A. Trollope’s autobiography7.From the context we can figure out that the phrase “pass for”(Para. 3) means ______.A.“pose as”B.“be accepted as”C.“be equal to”D.“act as”8.According to the author, writing ______.A. is basically a self-taught occupation and no instructions on how to deal with it are of any practical useB. is a “trial and error” process and it does not count whether you have the gift for writing or notC. for a living is the most difficult and risky of all careers,full of frustration and discouragement.D. sometimes provides good hopes of winning public praise and escaping humiliating poverty9.The author admires A.Trollope particularly for ______.A. his brillianceB. his diligenceC. his precautionD. his pragmatism10.From the passage we may infer that the author is most probably ______.A. an instructor of writingB. a writerC. an educatorD. a publisherReading Passage 3A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic(施虐性的) impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of the fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, twoheaded dragons, magiccarpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their cases were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend. No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was.11.The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ______.A. repeated without variationB. treated with reverenceC. adapted by the parentD. set in the present12.Some people dislike fairy stories because they feel that they _____.A. tempt people to be cruel to childrenB. show the primitive cruelty in childrenC. lend themselves to undesirable experiments with childrenD. increase a tendency to sadism in children13.Fairy stories are a means by which children’s impulses may be ______.A. beneficially channeledB. given a destructive tendencyC. held back until maturityD. effectively suppressed14.The advantage claimed for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it ______.A. makes them come to terms with their fearsB. develops their power of memoryC. convinces them there is nothing to be afraid ofD. encourages them not to have ridiculous beliefs15.The author’s mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ______.A. fairy stories are still being made upB. there is confusion about different kinds of truthC. people try to modernise old fairy storiesD. there is more concern for children’s fears nowadaysReading Passage 4By far the most common difficulty in study is simple failure to get down to regular concentrated work. This difficulty is much greater for those who do not work to a plan and have no regular routine of study. Many students muddle along, doing a bit of this subject or that, as the mood takes them, or letting their set work pile up until the last possible moment.Few students work to a set timetable. They say that if they did construct a timetable for themselves they would not keep to it,or would have to alter it constantly, since they can never predict from one day to the next whattheir activities will be.No doubt some temperaments take much more kindly to a regular routine than others. There are many who shy away from the selfregimentation of a weekly timetable, and dislike being tied down to a definite programme of work. Many able students claim that they work in cycles. When they become interested in a topic they work on it intensively for three or four days at a time. On other days they avoid work completely. It has to be confessed that we do not fully understand the complexities of the motivation to work. Most people over 25 years of age have become conditioned to a work routine, and the majority of really productive workers set aside regular hours for the more important aspects of their work. The ‘toughminded’school of workers is usually very contemptuous of the idea that good work can only be done spontaneously, under the influence of inspiraton.Those who believe that they need only work and study as the fit takes them have a mistaken belief either in their own talent or in the value of ‘freedom’.Freedom from restraint and discipline leads to unhappiness rather than to ‘selfexpression’or ‘personality development’.Our society insists on regular habits, timekeeping and punctuality, and whether we like it or not, if we mean to make our way in society we have to comply with its demands.16.The most widespread problem in applying oneself to study is that of______.A. the failure to keep to a routine of methodical and intensive workB. changing from one subject to anotherC. unwillingness to follow a systematic planD. applying oneself to a subject only when one feels inclined17.According to the selection, there are many students who ______.A. do not like being commanded to study according to a weekly timetableB. are too timid to accustom themselves to a weekly timetableC. refuse to exert themselves the whole week as if under military disciplineD. shrink from the selfdiscipline required for working to a weekly plan18.Those workers with strict views on work ______.A. are very critical of the belief that good work can be a natural product of instinctB. reject the idea that good work is second nature to manC. do not regard as serious the opinion that good work can be done at any time regardless of inspirationD. are deeply scornful of the idea that good work can only be done when free from external influence and prompted by internal stimulus19.In Paragraph 4 “as the fit takes them” means ______.A. when they have the energyB. when they are in the moodC. when they find conditions suitableD. when they feel fit20.A suitable title for the passage might be ______.A. Attitudes to StudyB. Study PlansC. The Difficulties of StudyingD. Study and SelfdisciplineⅣ.Questions:(10%)All the questions are based on Reading Passage 5. Answer the questions with the fewest words possible.Reading Passage 5Research that went into developing the highly specialized technology for space travel has resulted in many unexpected practical applications back on earth. Out of the engineering that produced rocket motors, liquid propellants, space suits, and other necessities of space flight came by-products that no one had anticipated. Equipment and procedures designed for astronauts and space flights have been successfully adapted for use in medicine, industry, and the home. These valuable products of space research, called spin-offs, have improved the quality of life on earth in many ways.Some of the best-known examples of spin-offs from space research are found in hospitals and doctors’offices. One such example is the sight switch, which was originally developed to allow astronauts to control their spacecraft without using their hands. The sight switch is now used by handicapped people to operate devices using eye movements. Another spin-off is the voice command device, which was designed to enableastronauts to steer their spacecraft by voice command. This device is now being used to help deaf people learn to speak.Doctors have also benefited from the technology required to make miniature electronic instruments small enough and durable enough for trips into space. From this technology have come hearing aids the size of an aspirin and television cameras small enough to be attached to a surgeon’s head to give medical students a close-up view of an operation. Biotelemetry, which was developed to monitor the physical signs of astronauts by checking their temperature, brain-wave activity, breathing rate, and heartbeat, offers doctors a new means of monitoring hospital patients. Biosensors attached to the body send data by wire or radio. This information is displayed on terminals for doctors to analyze. Aerospace scientists in England developed a special bed for astronauts that is now used for burn patients. It enables them to float on a cushion of air. The burns can heal more quickly because they do not rub against the bed.1.What does the technical term “spin-offs” refer to?2.According to the author, the deveopment of the highly specialized technology has not only made space travel possible but also ______.ing word-part and contextual clues, we may infer that “biotelemetry” means the monitoring and measuring of a living organism’s ______ by the use of telemetry techniques.4.What is the author primarily concerned with in this passage?5.What would be the most logical topic for the author to address in succeeding paragraphs?Ⅴ.Translate the following short passage into Chinese.(20%)On an evening in the latter part of May, a middle-aged man was walking homeward from Shaston to the village of Marlott, in the adjoining Vale of Blakemore or Blackmoor. The pair of legs that carried him were shaky, and there was a leaning to the left in his walking manner. He occasionally gave a smart nod, as if to make sure some opinion, though he was not thinking of anything in particular. An empty egg-basket was hung upon his arm, the top of his hat was wrinkled, a patch being quite worn away at its brim where his thumb came in taking it off. Presently he was met by an elderly parson riding on a gray mare, who, as he rode, hummed a wandering tune.。
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浙00838# 语言与文化试题 第 1 页 共5页 全国2005年1月高等教育自学考试 语言与文化试题 课程代码：00838 第一部分 选择题 Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives and choose the one that best completes the statement (20%). 1.When signifying “come here”,English speakers would ( ). A. extend their closed hands, palms up, with only their forefingers moving back and forth B. extend their open hands, palms down, toward the person with all fingers crooked in a beckoning motion C. extend their closed hands, palms up, toward the person with all fingers crooked in a beckoning motion D. extend their open hands, palm down, with only their forefingers moving back and forth 2.In English speaking countries smell of ( ) is thought to be undesirable. A. lotions B. creams C. powders D. perspiration 3.The American English equivalent for “私立学校” is ( ). A. public school B. council school C. private school D. grade school 4.Many technical terms in English such as botany, mathematics, electron, pharynx, atom, geometry and lithium can all find their origins in ( ). A. Latin B. Greek C. French D. Roman 5.“I could tell you something about beautiful women now, I could. And it was not all made up either” demonstrates ( ) relation between the two sentences. A. an additive B. an adversative C. a causal D. a temporal 6.In most English letters of request,( ). A. the request precedes the supporting information B. the request follows the supporting fact C. the initial request has to be made paving the way for the final request D. the request is placed at the end of letters 7.“It’s important how you package your ideas” illustrates the metaphor ( ). A. ideas are food B. ideas are commodities 浙00838# 语言与文化试题 第 2 页 共5页
C. ideas are products D. ideas are plants 8.“See red” means ( ). A. to get extremely angry B. to become extremely happy C. to be very shy D. to show embarrassment 9.“Blue blood” means ( ). A. humble lineage B. courageous personality C. timid personality D. aristocratic lineage 10.“The cat’s got your tongue” refers to ( ). A. you’re in trouble B. you feel sick C. you are very quiet D. you like the cat 11.“Milk and water” means ( ). A. something drinkable B. something that is inoffensive but feeble C. something in complete harmony D. complete understanding between friends 12.When one visits an English speaking friend,one had better not stay at his home long.This is especially illustrated by a proverb ( ). A. a rousing welcome B. do not wear out your welcome C. an Englishman’s house is his castle D. as snow in harvest 13.Religious name “John” means ( ) in Chinese. A.上帝是神圣的 B.约翰 C.上帝的朋友 D.上帝是仁慈的 14.“Oscar” means ( ) in Chinese. A.奥斯卡 B.天赐之盾 C.天赐之矛 D.天赐之剑 15.“Good-bye” is derived from the expression “( )”. A. Good luck for you B. God bless you C. God be with you D. Look forward to see you again 16.When offering another person to be the first in going through a door or getting into a car,the normal expression is ( ). A. “After you” B. “You go first,please” C. “Would you like to go first?” D. “Can you go first,please?” 17.“Statesman” and “politician” are mainly distinguished by their ( ) meaning. A. connotative B. conceptual 浙00838# 语言与文化试题 第 3 页 共5页
C. social D. reflected 18.While “handsome woman” and “pretty woman” are both acceptable,they suggest different kinds of attractiveness because of the ( ) associations of these two objectives. A. collocative B. affective C. connotative D. thematic 19.Money given at Christmas time to the dustmen and others who provide a service throughout the year is called ( ). A. Christmastide B. Christmas gift C. Christmas box D. Christmas money 20.Pork,mutton,and beef are loan words from ( ). A. French B. Latin C. Indian D. English origin Ⅱ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer (16%) 21.Inductive argumentation has been related to ( ). A. the linear thinking pattern B. the branching thinking pattern C. inductive reasoning D. indirect personality 22.“( )” are all euphemisms for “poor”. A. Not rich B. Needy C. Underprivileged D. Disadvantaged 23.“( )” can be termed as honorfics. A. Would you mind my closing the door B. To make valuable comments C. Your Excellency D. Your honorable 24.“( )” can be functioned as greetings. A. How is everything? B. Good morning. C. Where are you going? D. Hello! 25.“( )” can be used as a reply to an invitation. A. Oh, thank you very much. But I think I may have to work that day. Could I let you know tomorrow? B. Thank you very much. I’ll try to come. C. That would be lovely. Thank you very much. D. Oh, what a pity! I’d love to, but I’m afraid I won’t be free next Saturday. Thank you all the same.