高考英语高频介词短语及动词短语

介词短语和动词短语

一、常见的介词搭配：

1. “介词＋名词”型

(1) in 构成的短语

in advance 在前头，事先，预先in case 如果，万一

in charge主管，掌管，看管in common共有，共同，公有

in demand有需要的in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的in effect实际上，生效in fact事实上

in order按序，井然有序，情况良好；恰当in progress进行中

in return作为回报in vain徒劳

in turn依次，替换地；相应地，转而

(2) on构成的短语

on guard 在值勤on leave在休假

on holiday在度假on strike罢工

on sale出售on loan借贷

on the move在移动，搬迁；离开on the march在行军

on the go正在活动，正在奔走on the air正在广播

(3) beyond构成的短语

beyond one's power是某人力所不及的beyond praise夸不胜夸

beyond one's reach够不着beyond description难以形容

beyond words无法用语言形容beyond doubt无疑

beyond one's understanding 无法理解

(4) under构成的短语

under development 在发展中under observation在观察中

under test在测试中under construction在建设中

under examination在检查(调查)中under consideration在考虑中

under repair在修理中

(5) at 构成的短语

at length 详细地，长时间at sea茫然

at will任意地at work在上班

at lunch在吃午饭at rest在休息

at table在吃饭at school上学

at church做礼拜at peace处于和平状态

(6) out of 构成的短语

out of breath 上气不接下气out of balance失去平衡

out of date过时out of patience不耐烦

out of control失去控制out of business破产

out of style过时，不时髦out of the ordinary不寻常的

out of touch失去联系

2．复杂介词型

(1) 表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于，因为”。

because of：表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)；

on account of：常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。

(2) 表示“除……之外”。

with the exception of＝except, except for“除……之外”；

apart from (＝美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之外”，相当于except (for), 又可以表示“除……之外，(还，也)”，相当于besides；

in addition to“除……之外(还，也)”，相当于besides。

(3) 表示“有关，关于”。

concerning=regarding“关于，就……而论，在……方面”；

with respect to“关于，就……而言”；

as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。

(4) 表示“在……之前”。

ahead of=in advance of，可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”，还可表示“领先，优于”；

in front of 多指空间的前后关系，“在……前方”。

(5) 表示“支持，赞成”。

in support of 维护，支持，支援；

in favor of 可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于……”

(6) 表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”。

in the light of 按照，考虑到in terms of 就……而言，谈到

according to 根据；按照in view of 鉴于，因为

(7) 表示“尽管”。

in spite of 尽管，不管

二、动词搭配

（一）动词搭配是语法填空的重点，考生平时要注意积累常见的动词短语。

1.动词＋ away构成的短语动词有：

throw away扔掉put away把……收拾好give away捐赠，分发

carry away运走run away 潜逃，跑开go away 走开

2．动词＋ for构成的短语动词有：

answer for负责provide for供给all for要求

plan for打算，为……计划hope for希望，期待ask for索取，寻找

send for派人去请go for努力获取pay for偿还，赔偿

3．动词＋on构成的短语动词有：

try on试穿，试验put on穿上，上演have on穿着，戴着

pull on穿，戴hold on不挂断，坚持，继续carry on继续开展，坚持

keep on继续go on继续get on上（车）

4．动词＋over构成的短语动词有：

come over过来hand over移交go over仔细检查，复习

get over克服，恢复look over检查think over仔细考虑

take over接受，接管hand over 移交turn over翻转

5．动词＋ up构成的短语动词有：

bring up抚育，培养call up召唤，打电话给come up走上前来，长出

cut up切碎fix up修理give up放弃；go up 上升，增长

grow up 长大look up尊敬，向上看，查寻make up虚构，弥补，组成

put up举起，搭建set up建立，创（纪录）pick up 捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到

send up发射show up 揭露，露面turn up出现，把……调高一点

6．动词＋out构成的短语动词有：

come out出来go out出去，熄灭look out留神，当心

walk out走出set out出发，开始put out扑灭，生产

give out发出，发表hand out分发pick out挑选

find out找出，发现speak out大声地说turn out生产，结果是

get out出去，离开carry out实行，执行work out计算出，解决，实行，行得通bring out出版start out 出发，动身。

（二）、常见同根动词短语辨析

1.bring

bring in引进，挣得bring about引起，导致

bring up养育，培养，呕吐，提出bring out使展现，推出（书等）

bring down降低，使倒下bring back把……带回来，使忆起

bring forth结果，生产，产生bring forward提出，提前

bring off圆满完成（困难之事）

2．break

break down崩溃，瓦解，垮掉，失败，分解break up打碎，分解，分开，结束，制止break through逾越，突破，冲破break away（from）挣脱，脱离

break out爆发break in破门而入

break into进入建筑物以便行窃，突然发出，打扰break off折断，中断

3．come

come about发生come out结果出来，出版，开花

come across偶遇，被理解come true变为现实

come up走上前，被提出，走近come along一起来

come up with产生，发现（解决办法等）

4．give

give up放弃give in屈服，呈交

give out 用尽，耗尽，分发，公布，发表

give off发出give away颁发，赠送，送掉，捐赠

5．go

go against违背，与……不符，对……不利go without勉强维持，凑合

go in for爱好，参加，从事go by过去，依据，按照

go on继续，发生go over复习，仔细审查，走近

go ahead 进行go through 从头到尾地阅读，经历

go away走开，外出度假，消失go for去取来或接来，争取得到

6．keep

keep away（from）使远离keep back 扣除，保留，隐瞒不讲

keep off 避开keep on继续

keep out 挡在外边，请勿靠近keep up保持，不低落，持续，继续

keep up with跟上keep down抑制（以防其增长）

7．look

look ahead向前看look about环顾

look back回忆，回顾look out当心，找出

look up向上看，查阅，看望look down upon看不起

look through翻阅look into调查，向内看

look after照看，负责处理look on旁观

look forward to盼望look round寻找，边走边看，观光

8．put

put back放回原处，拨回，阻碍，推迟put down平定，镇压，记下

put away将事物放置于惯常保存之处，储蓄put forward提出（计划、建议），拨快，提前

put off延期put on穿戴，上映

put out扑灭，生产put up举起，张贴

9．take

take in吸收take for 误认为

take out 拿出take down 放下

take up从事，拿起，占据take off 飞机起飞，脱下，休假，成功

take by攻占take after像

take along 随身携带take away带走，拿走，使离去

take back 收回，退回（所购商品）take charge 负责，掌管

take on呈现，雇佣take out拿出，带……出去

take over 接管，接任

10．turn

turn back折回，掉转头turn away转身，走开，打发走turn out结果是，赶出，生产，制造

turn down 拒绝，调小turn off 关掉turn over翻过来，移交

turn in上交（作业等），拐入turn into变成，翻译turn on打开，取决于

turn to求助于，翻到turn up调大，出现

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