新视野大学英语-第三版读写教程第二册unit5A教案
新视野大学英语读写教程第三版第二册1-5单元-A课文及翻译
unit 1unit 1 An IMPRESSIVE English lesson 一堂难忘的英语课1. If I am the only parent who still corrects his child’s English, then perhaps my son is right. To him, I am a tedious oddity: a father he is obliged to listen to and a man absorbed in the rules of grammar, which my son seems allergic to.如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。
对他而言，我是一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语法规则的人，对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。
2. I think I got serious about this only recently when I ran into one of my former stud ents, fresh from an excursion to Europe .“How was it” I asked, full of earnest anticipation.我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这个问题认真起来的。
这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。
我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？”3. She nodded three or four times searched the heavens for the right words, and then exclaimed, it was like, whoa!"她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！”4. And that was it. The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture we re captured in condensed non-statement. My student “whoa” was exceeded only by my head-shaking distress.没了。
新视野大学英语读写教程2unit5课后习题及答案
新视野大学英语读写教程 2 unit5 课后习题及答案（翻译）VocabularyⅢ.1.After a while as an ambulance driven, you gethardenedto what you see at accidents.作为一个救护车司机一段时间后,你得到坚强在你所看到的事故中。
2.My sole object was to get shelter from the snow, to get myself covered and warm.我的唯一目的就是为了避开雪,让温暖覆盖我。
3.If was take all the facters into account, his chances of winning the election were slim.如果是把所有的模型考虑,他赢得大选的机会渺茫。
4.It will only weaken his position if he continues to stick to his strange ideas.它只会削弱他的立场,如果他继续坚持他的奇怪的想法。
5.Literally thousands of people watched the football game.数千人观看了足球比赛。
6.The most n oticeable change was in my younger brother, who had grown quite a bit and was now a third-grader.最明显的变化是在我的弟弟,他已经足够大了,现在是三年级学生。
7.I am supposed to be resting and relaxing, but it is just a wholebunch of different things that have happened.我应该休息和放松,但这只是一大堆不同的事情。
新视野大学英语第三版第二册第五单元读写答案
Unit 5 – Section A●Language Focus – Words in Use1. The "discipline" message asks people to save, while the "enjoy yourself" message asks people to spend; therefore, they (contradict) each other.2. It is a(n) (paradox) that in some odd way world peace appears to depend on our spending millions of pounds on weapons that can kill us all.3. It is far more effective for parents to allow for the child's (perspective) and let him make his own choice rather than make a decision for him.4. When you are writing any directions for people, you've got to be direct and (explicit) to make everything rightly understood.5. The new teaching program was (suspended) last semester because the teachers in the department protested its demand for more intense work.6. He is a very considerate and generous person, and he is also one of those who can often (derive) pleasure from helping others.7. Many children are addicted to computers, so they often (defy) their parents and play the computer games for hours every day.8. My roommate is always very optimistic, and that's why he still (retains) his good humor after all the setbacks.9. There is a widely held suspicion that the politician, though retired, still has great power and is (manipulating) events behind the scenes.10. The organization has been working with local authorities as well as regional government and officials to (tackle) the problem of climate.●Word Building1.browse2.message3.consumer4.negotiate5.object6.react7.constitute8.cultivate9.define10.expand11.concentration12.civilization1.browser2.messenger3.consume4.negotiation5.objection6.reaction7.constitution8.cultivation9.definition10.expansion11.concentrate12.civilize1. Public opinion was becoming more (concentrated) on environmental pollution problems; more and more people were discussing and arguing about them.2. Martin Luther King is a(n) (messenger) who worked for peace; he has shown the Western world that a struggle can be waged without violence.3. Every man ought not to steal, cheat, or destroy the property of others. There is no place for this sort of behavior in a(n) (civilized) society.4. The right to pursue happiness is promised to Americans by the US (Constitution) , but nowadays no one seems quite sure what exactly is meant by happiness.5. You will need to replace your old (browser) and install a new one. You will need this new software to view web pages.6. Rock music appealed to Sandy so much that she turned up the volume on her player, paying no attention to her father's (objection) .7. As a college student, you should learn things extensively and aim for a(n) (expansion) of knowledge well beyond your area of specialization.8. Because women care much about their appearance and restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not (consume) enough iron-rich food.9. The problem is that most students don't really know the exact (definition) of plagiarism (剽窃) or its consequences, so they don't consider it a serious crime.10. Garden (cultivation) of roses began about 5,000 years ago. They were used at celebrations, for medical purposes, and as a source of perfume.11. The talks next week will focus one economic development of the region and our immediate (reaction) to the ever-worsening condition of the environment.12. The (negotiation) on the trade disputes between the two super large companies went on for years as neither side would give in.●Banked ClozeTo spend or save is a question which many people have. There is always a(n) (1) (dilemma) whether one should spend the money that he has earned or save that money for the future. Well, there is no (2) (explicit) answer to the question as different people have different (3) (perspectives) on their life, and that is the reason why some people tend to spend all the money earned while others (4) (retain) control over their money. People who spend all the money do not think much about the future. The only thing that they enjoy doing most is to (5) (derive) pleasure from spending money. For example, if they like a particular car, mobile phone or laptop, they will buy it without giving it a thought. For them, the most important thing is to satisfy their material (6) (appetite). People who have their first job or who haven't married often fall in this category. In the long run, saving is a good (7) (option) for one's life as saving helps an individual to plan for future (8) (urgent) needs. That is also the reason why many people save money for a rainy day. Individuals who can (9) (suspend) their spending save money successfully. Instead of buying on impulse, they delay their purchasing decision and won't be easily (10) (manipulated) by commercial ads. Individuals who have responsibility for their family belong to this category.●Language Focus – Expressions in Use1. People who work in offices are (referred to) as "white-collar workers" for the simple reason that they traditionally wear a white shirt with a collar and a tie to go to work.2. When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence that was (at odds with) his earlier statement made a few hours ago.3. In order to persuade his daughter to (put off) the marriage, the father quoted statistics showing mixed-race couples had higher divorce rates than same-race couples.4. The mother made the decision to give cough medicine and Aspirin to her sick child without (consulting with) the child's doctor.5. Both professional experts and school teachers say that children tend to (do their utmost) when they see their parents making similar efforts.6. As she entered the most dynamic period of her career, Kylie (took stock of) her success andtried to analyze the strong impact of her college education.7. The chief executive George Grey is confident that current growth levels can be maintained since all the group's development projects stay (on track) .8. It is very important for students to understand and (take in) new information. Besides, they should examine and judge information carefully and then make the right decisions.●Translation●➢英译汉The Age of Discovery, also called the Age of Exploration, is a historical period of European global exploration that started in the early 15th century and continued until the 18th century. It is usually regarded as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era, in the context of emerging western imperialism and economic competition between European kingdoms seeking wealth through the establishment of trade routes and colonies. Among many great explorers during this period, the most outstanding one was Christopher Columbus since he discovered the New World. European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, with the contact between the Old and New Worlds producing the exchange: a wide transfer of plants, animals, foods, culture, and so forth. This represented one of the most significant global events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history. European exploration allowed the global mapping of the world, resulting in a new world-view and distant civilizations acknowledging each other.大发现年代，也被称为大勘探年代，是欧洲进行全球勘查的一个历史时期，始于15世纪初并一直持续到18世纪。
新视野大学英语第三版第二册第五单元读写答案
新视野大学英语第三版第二册第五单元读写答案本页仅作为文档封面，使用时可以删除This document is for reference only-rar21year.MarchUnit 5 – Section ALanguage Focus – Words in Use1. The "discipline" message asks people to save, while the "enjoy yourself" message asks people to spend; therefore, they (contradict) each other.2. It is a(n) (paradox) that in some odd way world peace appears to depend on our spending millions of pounds on weapons that can kill us all.3. It is far more effective for parents to allow for the child's (perspective) and let him make his own choice rather than make a decision for him.4. When you are writing any directions for people, you've got to be direct and (explicit) to make everything rightly understood.5. The new teaching program was (suspended) last semester because the teachers in the department protested its demand for more intense work.6. He is a very considerate and generous person, and he is also one of those who can often (derive) pleasure from helping others.7. Many children are addicted to computers, so they often (defy) their parents and play the computer games for hours every day.8. My roommate is always very optimistic, and that's why he still (retains) his good humor after all the setbacks.9. There is a widely held suspicion that the politician, though retired, still has great power and is (manipulating) events behind the scenes.10. The organization has been working with local authorities as well as regional government and officials to (tackle) the problem of climate.Word Building1.browse2.message3.consumer4.negotiate5.object6.react7.constitute8.cultivate9.define10.expand11.concentration12.civilization1.browser2.messenger3.consume4.negotiation5.objection6.reaction7.constitution8.cultivation9.definition10.expansion11.concentrate12.civilize1. Public opinion was becoming more (concentrated) on environmental pollution problems; more and more people were discussing and arguing about them.2. Martin Luther King is a(n) (messenger) who worked for peace; he has shown the Western world that a struggle can be waged without violence.3. Every man ought not to steal, cheat, or destroy the property of others. There is no place for this sort of behavior in a(n) (civilized) society.4. The right to pursue happiness is promised to Americans by the US (Constitution) , but nowadays no one seems quite sure what exactly is meant by happiness.5. You will need to replace your old (browser) and install a new one. You will need this new software to view web pages.6. Rock music appealed to Sandy so much that she turned up the volume on her player, paying no attention to her father's (objection) .7. As a college student, you should learn things extensively and aim for a(n) (expansion) of knowledge well beyond your area of specialization.8. Because women care much about their appearance and restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not (consume) enough iron-rich food.9. The problem is that most students don't really know the exact (definition) of plagiarism (剽窃) or its consequences, so they don't consider it a serious crime.10. Garden (cultivation) of roses began about 5,000 years ago. They were used at celebrations, for medical purposes, and as a source of perfume.11. The talks next week will focus one economic development of the region and our immediate (reaction) to the ever-worsening condition of the environment.12. The (negotiation) on the trade disputes between the two super large companies went on for years as neither side would give in.Banked ClozeTo spend or save is a question which many people have. There is always a(n) (1) (dilemma) whether one should spend the money that he has earned or save that money for the future. Well, there is no (2) (explicit) answer to the question as different people have different (3) (perspectives) on their life, and that is the reason why some people tend to spend all the money earned while others (4) (retain) control over their money. People who spend all the money do not think much about the future. The only thing that they enjoy doing most is to (5) (derive) pleasure from spending money. For example, if they like a particular car, mobile phone or laptop, they will buy it without giving it a thought. For them, the most important thing is to satisfy their material (6) (appetite). People who have their first job or who haven't married often fall in this category. In the long run, saving is a good (7) (option) for one's life as saving helps an individual to plan for future (8) (urgent) needs. That is also the reason why many people save money for a rainy day. Individuals who can (9) (suspend) their spending save money successfully. Instead of buying on impulse, they delay their purchasing decision and won't be easily (10) (manipulated) bycommercial ads. Individuals who have responsibility for their family belong to this category.Language Focus –Expressions in Use1. People who work in offices are (referred to) as "white-collar workers" for the simple reason that they traditionally wear a white shirt with a collar and a tie to go to work.2. When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence that was (at odds with) his earlier statement made a few hours ago.3. In order to persuade his daughter to (put off) the marriage, the father quoted statistics showing mixed-race couples had higher divorce rates than same-race couples.4. The mother made the decision to give cough medicine and Aspirin to her sick child without (consulting with) the child's doctor.5. Both professional experts and school teachers say that children tend to (do their utmost) when they see their parents making similar efforts.6. As she entered the most dynamic period of her career, Kylie (took stock of) her success and tried to analyze the strong impact of her college education.7. The chief executive George Grey is confident that current growth levels can be maintained since all the group's development projects stay (on track) .8. It is very important for students to understand and (take in) new information. Besides, they should examine and judge information carefully and then make the right decisions.Translation英译汉The Age of Discovery, also called the Age of Exploration, is a historical period of European global exploration that started in the early 15th century and continued until the 18th century. It is usually regarded as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era, in the context of emerging western imperialism and economic competition between European kingdoms seeking wealth through the establishment of trade routes and colonies. Among many great explorers during this period, the most outstanding one was Christopher Columbus since he discovered the New World. European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, with the contact between the Old and New Worlds producing the exchange: a wide transfer of plants, animals, foods, culture, and so forth. This represented one of the most significant global events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history. European exploration allowed the global mapping of the world, resulting in a new world-view and distant civilizations acknowledging each other.大发现年代，也被称为大勘探年代，是欧洲进行全球勘查的一个历史时期，始于15世纪初并一直持续到18世纪。
最新新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程第二册完整教案
新视野大学英语读写教程（第三版）BOOK 2 教案教学对象Teaching Subjects 2015级大学英语本科教学内容Lesson ContentUnit 1 An Impressive EnglishLesson周次第2-4周授课时间2月29日- 3月18日课型□理论课√理论、实践课□实践课课时分配 6教学环境TeachingEnvironment多媒体教室教学目标Teaching Aims After studying this unit, the students are expected to be able to:1. understand the main idea and structure of Section Aand Section B；2. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the texts3. talk about language teaching and learning and express their opinions about current way ofteaching in an English class;4. read with the skill ―finding key ideas in sentences‖；5. write a composition with threemain parts: introduction, body and conclusion.重点Key Issues 1. Vocabularytediousabsorbedallergiccapturecondenseexceeddistinguishdistinctivecomplimentarycomple mentaryproclaimevidentlyadequatecompetentadjustbeneficial2. Skills● Learn to read with the skill ―finding key ideas in sentences‖and write a compositionwith threemain parts: introduction, body and conclusion.难点PotentialProblems and Difficulties ●To talk about l anguage teaching and learning●write a composition with threemain parts: introduction, body and conclusion.●To apply the phrases and patterns教学方法Methodology A combination of traditional teaching methods with the communicative approach will be adopted. Special attention should be paid to classroom interaction like questioning and answers. Small group works are always needed while discussing the questions and the difficult translation practice.More encouragement is needed and more guidance will be givenin their extracurricular study.教具TeachingAidsVisual aids, projector, stereo and microphone教学分组TeachingGroupsGroup work and pair work课堂学习任务与活动的组织Conduct of Tasks and Activities （师生互动方式Mode of Interaction; 学习策略Learning Strategies）Students-centeredTask-based teaching and learning教学过程设计Teaching Procedures步骤1Step 1 导入Lead-inI.Greetingand warming-up questions discussion.1. What are the key factors that help people learn English as a foreign language?2. Do you have any problem in English learning?3.Do you think grammar is important in English learning?II. Listening and discussing.1. Listening practice.2. In your opinion, what is the most effective way to learn English?III. Listening to a talk and answer questions on page 2步骤 2Step 2课文学习Section A An Impressive English LessonI. New words1. tedious: a. boring and continuing for too long 冗长乏味的Telling the story has become tedious, as I have done it so many times.讲述这个故事已变得单调乏味，因为我已经讲了这么多次了。
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程Book3-unit5电子教案
Unit 5 When work is a pleasurePART 1Understanding and LearningOverviewThis unit centers on the topic of work-an indispensable part of individual lives. Work may serve different purposes and have different meanings to different people. Text A argues, by differentiating among work, labor, and play, that interest and enjoyment in work are important for the benefit of both individuals and society. Text B, by telling us a story of a shoemaker and the author, stimulates thoughts on building a tradition of working with pride, self-esteem, and responsibility. All of these elements, as shown in both texts, cannot be achieved in a job that is done merely for the sake of money.Concerning the writing style, Text A is developed mainly by means of contrasts, which are effectively used to highlight, point by point, the differences between workers and laborers. Text B, by means of narration through the use of the first person “I” and with detailed description and lively conversations, gives the readers a strong feeling of being personally on the scene, and achieves the effect of great vividness.In order for students to get a strong understanding of the unit theme and foster a good attitude toward work, the teacher should encourage thought-provoking discussions and activities. The topics for the discussions may include why we work, how we can foster love for work, how we achieve happiness at work, etc. Possible activities are peer interviews, retelling of Text B, questionnaire survey to gauge the happiness level of a specific occupation and to work out how to achieve greater happiness at work. Section AWill you be a worker or a labor?Background information1 continuing educationContinuing education refers to the education for adults, usually in classes that are held in the evening and especially on subjects that are related to their jobs.2 experiential learningExperiential learning is the process of making meaning from direct experience. It is learning through reflection on doing, which is often contrasted with rote learning (死记硬背). Experiential learning focuses on the learning process for the individua1. An example of experiential learning is going to the zoo and learning through observationand interaction with the zoo environment, as opposed to reading about animals from a book. Thus, one makes discoveries and experiments with knowledge firsthand, instead of hearing or reading about others’ experiences.Detailed study of the text1In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the social indications around work, the value of work and the salary, have degraded many laborers into modern slaves-“wage slaves”.(Para. 1)Meaning: In a society where slavery, strictly speaking, has been put to an end, the social status of work, the value of work and the salary, have made many laborers become modern slaves-“wage slaves”.★degrade:vt. treat sb. without respect and make them lose respect for themselves贬低(某人);羞辱(某人)The examination supervisor warned students not to degrade themselves by cheating on the exam.监考老师警告学生不要在考试中舞弊,以免自取其辱。
新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程2--unit5-Spendorsave—Thestudentx27sdilemma课文原文
Spend or save — The student's dilemma1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question, "Should I spend or should I save?" I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common sense and contradict each other. The government tells us to spend or we'll never get out of the recession. At the same time, they tell us that unless we save more, our country is in grave danger. Banks offer higher interest rates so we increase savings. Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spend more.2 Here's another familiar example: If we don't pay our credit card bill on time, we get demanding, nasty emails from the credit card company saying something like: "Your failureto pay is unacceptable. Pay immediately or you'll be in trouble!" Then, as soon as we pay, we get a follow-up email in a charming tone telling us how valuable a customer we are and encouraging us to resume spending.Which depiction is correct: a failing consumer in troubleor a valued customer? The gap between these two messages is enormous.3 The paradox is that every day we get two sets of messages at odds with each other. One is the "permissive" perspective, "Buy, spend, get it now. You need this!" The other we could call an "upright" message, which urges us, "Work hard and save. Suspend your desires. Avoid luxuries. Control your appetite for more than you truly need." This message comes to us from many sources: from school, from parents, even from political figures referring to "traditional values". Hard work, family loyalty, and the capacity to postpone desires are core American values that have made our country great.4 But the opposite message, advertising's permissive message, is inescapable. Though sometimes disguised, the messages a re everywhere we look: on TV, in movies on printed media and road signs, in stores, and on busses, trains and subways. Advertisementsinvade our daily lives. We are constantly surrounded by the message to spend, spend, spend. Someone recently said, "The only time you can escape advertising is when you're in your bed asleep!"5 It's been calculated that by the age of 18, the average American will have seen 600,000 ads; by the age of 40, the total is almost one million. Each advertisement is doing its utmost to influence our diverse buying decisions, from the breakfast cereal we eat to whichcruise linewe will use for our vacation. There is no shortage of ideas and things to buy! Now, of course, we don't remember exactly what the products were, but the essential message is cemented into our consciousness, "It's good to satisfy your desires. You should have what you want. You deserve the best. So, you should buy it — now!" A famous advertisement said it perfectly, "I love me. I'm a good friend to myself. I do what makes me feel good. I derive pleasure fromnice things and feel nourished by them. I used to put things off. Not anymore. Today I'll buy new ski equipment, look at new compact cars, and buy that camera I've always wanted. I live my dreams today, not tomorrow."6 What happens as we take in these contradictory but explicit messages? What are the psychological and social consequences of this campaign to control our spending habits? On one hand, we want more things because we want to satisfy our material appetite. Most of us derive pleasure from treating ourselves. On the other hand, a little voice inside us echoes those upright messages: "Watch out, takestock of your life, don't let your attentionget scattered. Postpone your desires. Don't fall into debt. Wait! Retain control over your own life. It will make you stronger."7 Anyway, many of the skills you need as a successful student can be applied to your finances. Consider your financial well-being as a key ingredient of your university educationas money worries are extremely stressful and distracting. They can make you feel terrible and hinder your ability to focus on your prime objective: successfully completing your education.8 How can you be a smart and educated consumer? Many schools, community organizations, and even some banks offer financial literacy classes. Consider consulting with your school's financial aid office or seek input from your parents or other respected adults in setting up a budget. An additional option is finding a partner to help you stay on track and find pleasure in the administration of your own financial affairs. Most importantly, if you find yourself getting into financial trouble, don't let your ego get in your way; urgently get help with tackling your problem before it spins out of control and lands you in legal troubles.9 All this will help you become an educated consumer and saver. As you learn to balance spending and saving, you will become the captain of your own ship, steering your life in a successful and productive direction through the choppy waters.。
大学新视野英语(第三版)第二册读写教学方案计划教案课后规范标准答案
新视野大学英语（第三版）第二册读写教程课后答案新视野大学英语（第三版）第二册读写教程课后答案Unit 1 Language in missionText A An impressive English lessonEx.1 Understanding the text1、Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not interested in grammar rules.2、The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described at least in a brief account; however, what the student could do was only one single utterance :“whoa!” without any any specific comment.3、Because the schools fail to set high standards of language proficiency. They only teach a little grammar and less advanced vocabulary. And the younger teachers themselves have little knowledge of the vital structures of language.4、Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of the students will easily get bored if it’s not properly dealt with.5、He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verbs.6、Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an English sentence before.7、The author uses “road map”and “car”to describe grammar and vocabulary. Here,“road map”is considered as grammar and “car”as vocabulary.8、Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection“whoa!”reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son; it also reflects the author’s humor in using the word because it was once used by his student, tho ugh in two different situations and with two different feelings.Ex.3 Words in use1.condense2.exceed3.deficit4.exposure5.asset6.adequatepetent8.adjusting9.precisely 10.beneficialEx.4 Word building-al/-ial: managerial/editorial/substance/survival/tradition/margin -cy : consistency/accuracy/efficient-y : recovery/ministry/assemblyEx.5 Word building1.editorial2.recovery3.accuracy4.substance5.managerial6.margin7.assembly8.Ministry9.survival 10.tradition 11.consistency12.efficient Ex.6 Banked cloze1-5: L C J A I 6-10: O N E H FEx.7 Expressions in use1.feel obliged to2.be serious about3.run into4.distinguish between5.thrust upon6.was allergic to7.get lost8.be attracted to9.make sense 10.looked upon asEx.8 Structured writingSome bookworms in my dormitory often spend hours reading their “Bible”, Practical English Grammar, and do a lot of exercises in that book , but I don’t care about it at all. My assumption is since I have never learned Chinese grammar, what’s the sense of l earning English grammar? In fact, English grammar has always been a big headache to me.English grammar is very complicated because, unlike Chinese, there are many verb tenses. Evenstranger than verb tenses, English grammar also contains something very confusing. For example, I don’t remember how many times my middle school teacher tried to“impose”the differences between used to and be used to on us. Sometimes he would go on with the explanation for 20 minutes or so. He even summarized the differences by listing three or four points for us to memorize. However, they could never stay in my head . I don’t remember how many times I got it wrong with the sentences containing used to or be used to on my exams . I was really confused with these two phrases,and I can never get them right.In brief, I’m allergic to learning English grammar. Curiously, I just wonder if the native speakers of English have a microcomputer in their brain to help them utter the two phrases promptly with just a click of their brain mouse!Ex.9 E-C Translation人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。
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Unit 5 Section A Spend or save — The student's dilemma花钱还是存钱，学生进退维谷1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question, "ShouldI spend or should I save?" I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common sense and contradict each other. The government tells us to spend or we'll never get out of the recession. At the same time, they tell us that unless we save more, our country is in grave danger. Banks offer higher interest rates so we increase savings. Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spend more.1 你是不是跟我一样对“我应该花钱还是存钱”这个问题感到困惑，且有被操纵的感觉？我觉得我们从生活的环境里所获得的信息似乎是有违常识、互相矛盾的。
政府告诉我们要花钱，否则我们将永远走不出衰退；与此同时，他们又告诉我们，除非我们节省更多的钱，否则我们的国家会处于严重危险之中。
银行提供较高的利率以增加储蓄。
然后，同样是这些银行又提供信用卡让我们可以花更多的钱。
1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question, “Should I spend or should I save?” (Para. 1)Meaning: When asking yourself whether you should spend or save, do you feel puzzled and controlled as I do?Meaning beyond words: According to the conventional concept, we are the master or the boss of the money we have earned. It is up to us to decide how to use our money. However, the sentence gives us the hint that we are actually no longer in control of our money.2 I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common sense and contradict each other. (Para. 1)Meaning: In my opinion, the messages we g et in our daily life about the question “Should I spend or should I save?” are against common sense and they often don’t agree with each other.Usage note: defy, denydefy 和deny 都是及物动词，词形相近，但实际上两者词义有别，用法也不同。
1 defy 主要表示“违抗；反抗；蔑视”，后接名词；而deny 主要表示“否认；拒绝承认”，后接名词或that 引导的从句。
Nearly 11 thousand people have been arrested for defying the ban on street trading. 近一万一千人因违抗在街上交易的禁令而被捕。
The government has denied that the authorities have uncovered a plot to assassinate the president. 政府已否认当局发现了一个暗杀总统的阴谋。
2 defy 后接动词不定式表示“挑战；刺激某人做某事”时，不能用动名词形式；deny 表示“否认；拒绝承认”时，后面不能接动词不定式，只能接动名词形式。
I defy you to come up with one major accomplishment of the current prime minister. 我倒要看看你能否讲出一项现任首相作出的重大成就。
He denied doing anything illegal. 他否认做过任何违法的事。
3 The government tells us to spend or we’ll never get out of the recession. (Para. 1) Meaning beyond words: To help the country recover from the economic recession, the government is encouraging people to spend, which will help stimulate production, job markets and bank liquidity.4 At the same time, they tell us that unless we save more, our country is in grave danger. (Para.1)Meaning: Meanwhile, they warn us that if we don’t save more money the economic recession will grow and severely harm our country.Usage note: unless1 unless 作连词，表示“除非… ；如果不…”，引导条件状语从句，意为“如果某个条件不出现，某件事就不会进行”。
使用unless 时必须留意从句中动词的时态。
虽然unless 所说的条件都是未出现或未发生的，但必须用一般现在时或过去时，不能用表示将来的时态。
例如：I will not go to Beijing unless the company pays for the trip. 如果公司不支付旅费，我不会去北京。
（不能用will pay）She wouldn’t do that unless I allowed her. 如果我不允许，她不会去做那件事。
（不能用would allow）She will keep on singing unless she is told to stop. 她会一直唱下去，除非有人叫她停止。
（不能用will be told）She would not come to work as before unless her mother’s health condition turned for the better. 她不会像以前那样来上班了，除非她母亲的病情好转。
（不能用would turn）2 unless 和if … not 都可以引导条件状语从句，但适用情况不同，很容易混淆，要注意区别。
指将来可能发生或可能真实的情况用unles s；如果知道事情没有发生或不真实则用i f … not。
可以说If you weren’t always in such a hurry, your work would be much better。
不说Your work would be much better unless you were always in such a hurry 。
见更多例句：Unless they get protection, they will not testify. (= If they do not get protection, they will not testify.) 如果得不到保证，他们不会作证的。
I would go out if it wasn’t raining. (= But it is raining, so I am not going out.) 要是不下雨，我就出去了。
5 Banks offer higher interest rates so we increase savings. Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spend more. (Para. 1)Meaning beyond words: Here is the “spend or save” paradox. On one hand, the government tells us to spend, and, on the other hand, thay want us to save more. Whilethe banks offer high interest rates to attract us to deposit money, they send us credit cards to encourage us to spend.2 Here's another familiar example: If we don't pay our credit card bill on time, we get demanding, nasty emails from the credit card company saying something like: "Your failure to pay is unacceptable. Pay immediately or you'll be in trouble!" Then, as soon as we pay, we get a follow-up email in a charming tone telling us how valuable a customer we are and encouraging us to resume spending.Which depiction is correct: a failing consumer in trouble or a valued customer? The gap between these two messages is enormous.2 这里还有一个大家熟悉的例子：如果我们不按时支付信用卡账单，我们会收到从信用卡公司发来的类似这样的令人讨厌的催缴账单的电子邮件：不还款是不可接受的。