被动语态语法讲解

被动语态语法讲解

一、被动语态的用法：

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者

1. 一般现在时的被动语态：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

2. 一般过去时的被动语态：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.

3. 现在完成时的被动语态：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.

4. 过去完成时的被动语态: had been +及物动词的过去分词The dish had been eaten up when I got there.

5. 一般将来时的被动语态：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.

6. 含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.

7. 现在进行时的被动语态：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词

Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

8. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词

There are two books to be read. →There are twenty more trees to be planted.

二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?

把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：

1. 先找出谓语动词；

2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；

3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；

4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。

例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.

三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：

1. 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years.

2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well. His novel sells well.他的小说畅销。

3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。

例：make somebody do something→someb ody+ be +made to do something

4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laugh at by us.

注意:

一.以下不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：

appear, die ,disappear, end, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, break out, come true, fall asleep, take place.比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。

(错) The price has been risen. (对) The price has risen.

(错) The price has raised. (对) The price has been raised.

二、不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

fit, marry, own, wish, cost,agree with, arrive at / in, succeed in, happen to, take part in, belong to

三、系动词无被动语态：

appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

1）It sounds good. 2）The steel feels cold 3) The method proved (to be ) effective.

四、带同源宾语的及物动词(dream, live, life)，反身代词(oneself)，相互代词(each other)，不能用于被动语态：

She dreamed a bad dream last night. He lives a p

五、当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

(对) She likes to swim. (错) To swim is liked by her.

六、“be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。

当“be+过去分词”表示动作时为被动语态，be是助动词，be后面的过去分词是主要动词，动作的对象是主语；

当“be +过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be是连系动词。be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。